A hemodialyzer and a dialysis method based on hollow fiber membrane

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hemodialyzer and a dialysis method based on a hollow fiber membrane, and relates to the field of medical devices. In the present invention, a drainage ring is arranged on the inner wall of a cylinder, and a circumferentially distributed diversion chute is arranged on the inner circle of the drainage ring. When the dialysate inside the cylinder flows through the drainage ring position, the drainage ring can accelerate the drainage of the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder to prevent the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder from being affected by hydraulic pressure and friction and gradually reducing the flow rate, so that the dialysate inside the cylinder flows at a uniform speed, and then the dialysate has the same dialysis effect on the blood in the hollow fiber membranes of the inner and outer circles inside the cylinder, which is beneficial to improving the overall hemodialysis effect of the hemodialyzer; and a plurality of drainage rings are arranged, and by distributing the plurality of drainage rings equidistantly inside the cylinder, the drainage ring can accelerate the drainage of the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder for multiple times, thereby improving the flow rate regulation effect of the dialysate inside the cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of medical devices, and in particular, relates to a hemodialyzer and a dialysis method based on a hollow fiber membrane. Background Art

[0002] Hemodialysis utilizes the principle of a semipermeable membrane to introduce the patient's blood and dialysate into the dialyzer at the same time. The two flow in opposite directions on both sides of the dialysis membrane, using the solute gradient, osmotic gradient and water pressure gradient on both sides of the membrane to remove toxins and excess water from the blood, replenish the body's needed substances, and maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent CN103877634B discloses a hemodialyzer and a hemodialysis device, which include: an outer shell, a fiber bundle composed of hollow fiber silk tubes, an end cap, a packaging glue, an annular flow guide distribution ring, a dialysate inlet, a dialysate outlet, a blood inlet and a blood outlet; wherein the annular flow guide distribution ring is located at a position directly opposite to the dialysate inlet and / or the dialysate outlet, one end of the annular flow guide distribution ring is connected to the end of the outer shell, and the other end of the annular flow guide distribution ring is inclined toward the dialysate inlet or the dialysate outlet directly opposite to it.

[0004] In the prior art, most hemodialyzers, as described in the above patent, guide the dialysate and blood through the shell and the hollow fiber silk tube disposed in the shell, so as to perform blood dialyzing and purification during the flow of blood and dialysate. However, when the dialysate flows in the shell, under the combined effect of the friction force (viscous force) between the dialysate and the inner wall of the shell and the pressure gradient inside the dialysate, in the central area of ​​the shell, the fluid molecules in the dialysate are hit more frequently and evenly by other fluid molecules, thereby maintaining a higher flow rate, while in the area close to the inner wall of the shell, the friction force between the fluid molecules and the inner wall will slow down its flow rate, thereby gradually increasing the dialysate flow rate in the central area of ​​the shell, while gradually decreasing the dialysate flow rate in the area close to the inner wall of the shell, and the uneven flow rate of the inner and outer circles of the dialysate will cause the dialysate to have different hemodialysis effects on the hollow fiber silk tubes in the inner and outer circles of the shell, thereby affecting the hemodialysis effect of the hemodialyzer. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the related art, the present invention proposes a hemodialyzer and a dialysis method based on a hollow fiber membrane to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related art.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention is a hemodialyzer, comprising a cylinder, a hollow fiber membrane assembly is installed inside the cylinder, a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet communicating with the inside of the cylinder are respectively arranged on the side walls at both ends of the cylinder, a right end cap and a left end cap are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder, a blood inlet is arranged on the right end cap, a blood outlet is arranged on the left end cap, and the blood inlet and the blood outlet are respectively connected to the two ends of the hollow fiber membrane assembly;

[0008] The interior of the cylinder is also equipped with a flow rate regulating mechanism capable of regulating the flow rate of the dialysate on the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder. The flow rate regulating mechanism includes a plurality of drainage rings and cross-linking rods. The plurality of drainage rings are equidistantly distributed on the inner wall of the cylinder. The cross-linking rods can drive the plurality of drainage rings to telescopically slide along the inner wall of the cylinder to adjust the spacing between adjacent drainage rings, and can keep the plurality of drainage rings equidistantly distributed during the adjustment process, and the inner ring of the drainage ring is provided with a plurality of equidistantly distributed diversion chute grooves.

[0009] Furthermore, the hollow fiber membrane assembly includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and the plurality of hollow fiber membranes are evenly distributed inside the cylinder, and two ends of the hollow fiber membranes are respectively connected to a blood inlet and a blood outlet.

[0010] Furthermore, a right end plate and a left end plate are fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder body, respectively. The right end plate isolates the right side end of the cylinder body to form a diversion cavity connected to the blood inlet, and the left end plate isolates the left side end of the cylinder body to form a liquid collecting cavity connected to the blood outlet. The right end plate is provided with a plurality of liquid inlet holes corresponding to the hollow fiber membranes one by one, and the left end plate is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet holes corresponding to the hollow fiber membranes one by one, and hollow fiber membranes are connected and installed between the corresponding liquid inlet holes and liquid outlet holes.

[0011] Furthermore, guide plates are provided at the inner ends of the blood inlet and the blood outlet, and connecting columns are fixedly installed on the outer sides of the guide plates. The corresponding guide plates are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the right end cover and the left end cover respectively through the connecting columns.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer rings at both ends of the cylinder are fixedly installed with liquid guide rings, the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are respectively fixedly connected to the outer rings of the two liquid guide rings, and the inner ring of the liquid guide ring is provided with a plurality of circumferentially distributed dialysate inlet and outlet holes connected to the interior of the cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, guide rings corresponding to the liquid guide rings are fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder body, the guide rings are located in the inner ring of the corresponding liquid guide ring, and the inner end of the outer ring of the guide ring is sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder body.

[0014] Furthermore, the cross connecting rods are provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of cross connecting rods are circumferentially distributed inside the cylinder;

[0015] Each group of the cross-linking rods includes a plurality of connecting rods, and the plurality of connecting rods are cross-connected in pairs through connecting shafts to form a plurality of cross-rods. Adjacent cross-rods are also rotationally connected through connecting shafts, and the plurality of drainage rings are rotationally connected to the intersections of the corresponding cross-rods.

[0016] Furthermore, one of the plurality of drainage rings is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder, and the remaining drainage rings are slidably mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder, and a translational drive assembly capable of driving one of the drainage rings to slide left and right is mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0017] Further, the translation drive assembly includes a drive ring, a screw and a transmission shaft, the screw is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder, and the screw is threadedly connected to one of the drainage rings, and a driven bevel gear is fixedly mounted on one end of the screw;

[0018] The transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the cylinder wall of the cylinder, the inner end of the transmission shaft is fixedly mounted with a transmission bevel gear meshing and transmission connected to the driven bevel gear, the outer end of the transmission shaft extends to the outside of the cylinder and is fixedly mounted with a gear, the drive ring is rotatably mounted on the outer ring of the cylinder, and one end of the drive ring is fixedly mounted with an end face gear ring meshing and transmission connected to the gear.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention also discloses a dialysis method based on hollow fiber membrane, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0020] First, the blood inlet is connected to the blood supply channel of the dialysis patient for outputting blood, the blood outlet is connected to the blood vessel of the dialysis patient through the blood return channel, and the dialysate inlet is connected to the dialysate supply device, and the dialysate outlet is connected to the drainage pipeline. During dialysis, the dialysate is transported from the dialysate inlet to the inside of the cylinder and then discharged from the dialysate outlet, while the blood is transported from the blood inlet to the hollow fiber membrane module and then discharged from the blood outlet. The blood flow direction is opposite to that of the dialysate flow direction, so that the blood and the dialysate flow in opposite directions on both sides of the hollow fiber membrane module. With the help of the solute gradient, osmotic gradient and water pressure gradient on both sides of the hollow fiber membrane module, the toxins and excess water in the blood are removed, and the substances needed by the body are supplemented, and the electrolyte and acid-base balance are maintained.

[0021] According to the flow rate and hydraulic pressure of the dialysate in the cylinder during dialysis, the distance between adjacent drainage rings is adjusted by cross-linking rods. When the dialysate in the cylinder flows through the drainage ring position, the drainage ring can accelerate the drainage of the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder to prevent the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder from gradually decreasing in flow rate due to hydraulic pressure and friction, so that the dialysate in the cylinder flows at a uniform speed, thereby making the dialysate have the same dialysis effect on the blood in the hollow fiber membrane components in the inner and outer circles of the cylinder.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. In the present invention, a drainage ring is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder, and a circumferentially distributed guide chute is arranged on the inner circle of the drainage ring. When the dialysate inside the cylinder flows through the drainage ring, the drainage ring can accelerate the drainage of the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder to prevent the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder from being affected by hydraulic pressure and friction and gradually reducing its flow rate, so that the dialysate inside the cylinder flows at a uniform speed, and then the dialysate has the same dialysis effect on the blood in the hollow fiber membranes of the inner and outer circles inside the cylinder, which is beneficial to improving the overall hemodialysis effect of the hemodialyzer; and a plurality of drainage rings are arranged, and by distributing the plurality of drainage rings equidistantly inside the cylinder, the drainage rings can perform multiple accelerated drainage on the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder, thereby improving the flow rate regulation effect of the dialysate inside the cylinder, so as to further improve the hemodialysis effect.

[0024] 2. In the present invention, multiple drainage rings can be driven to telescope and slide along the inner wall of the cylinder through cross-links to adjust the spacing between adjacent drainage rings. When the patient is undergoing hemodialysis, the flow rate and hydraulic pressure of the dialysate need to be adjusted accordingly according to the patient's condition and dialysis needs. When the dialysate flow rate and hydraulic pressure in the cylinder are different, the dialysate flow rate near the inner wall of the cylinder is affected differently. At this time, by adjusting the spacing of the drainage rings accordingly, the regulating effect of the drainage rings on the dialysate flow rate can be improved accordingly, thereby improving the hemodialysis effect.

[0025] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, they can also obtain drawings based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the hemodialyzer of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A local enlarged structural schematic diagram;

[0029] Figure 3 The second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the hemodialyzer of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at B;

[0031] Figure 5 The third schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the hemodialyzer of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at C;

[0033] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at D;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hollow fiber membrane of the present invention;

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the flow rate regulating mechanism of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. cylinder; 11. right end cover; 12. blood inlet; 13. dialysate outlet; 14. left end cover; 15. blood outlet; 16. dialysate inlet; 17. liquid collecting chamber; 18. diversion chamber; 19. right end plate; 110. diversion plate; 112. connecting column; 113. liquid inlet hole; 114. liquid guide ring; 115. dialysate inlet and outlet hole; 116. diversion ring; 117. left end plate; 118. liquid outlet; 2. hollow fiber membrane; 3. flow rate regulating mechanism; 31. drainage ring; 32. cross connecting rod; 33. driving ring; 34. diversion chute; 35. screw; 36. driven bevel gear; 37. transmission bevel gear; 38. transmission shaft; 39. gear; 310. end face gear ring; 321. connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "top", "middle", "inside" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the invention.

[0039] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention is a hemodialyzer, comprising a cylinder 1, a hollow fiber membrane assembly is installed inside the cylinder 1, a dialysate inlet 16 and a dialysate outlet 13 connected to the inside of the cylinder 1 are respectively arranged on the side walls at both ends of the cylinder 1, a right end cap 11 and a left end cap 14 are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder 1, a blood inlet 12 is arranged on the right end cap 11, and a blood outlet 15 is arranged on the left end cap 14, and the blood inlet 12 and the blood outlet 15 are respectively connected to the two ends of the hollow fiber membrane assembly; a flow rate regulating mechanism 3 capable of regulating the flow rate of the dialysate on the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 1 is also installed inside the cylinder 1, and the flow rate regulating mechanism 3 can regulate the flow rate of the dialysate on the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 1. The joint mechanism 3 includes a plurality of drainage rings 31 and a cross connecting rod 32. The plurality of drainage rings 31 are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the cylinder 1. The cross connecting rod 32 can drive the plurality of drainage rings 31 to slide along the inner wall of the cylinder 1 to adjust the spacing between adjacent drainage rings 31, and can keep the plurality of drainage rings 31 evenly distributed during the adjustment process, and the inner rings of the drainage rings 31 are provided with a plurality of evenly distributed guide chute grooves 34; the hollow fiber membrane assembly includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 2. The plurality of hollow fiber membranes 2 are evenly distributed inside the cylinder 1, and the two ends of the hollow fiber membranes 2 are respectively connected to the blood inlet 12 and the blood outlet 15;

[0040] When the hemodialyzer is used, the blood inlet 12 is first connected to the blood supply channel of the hemodialysis patient, and the blood outlet 15 is connected to the blood vessel of the hemodialysis patient through the blood return channel. At the same time, the dialysate inlet 16 is connected to the dialysate supply device, and the dialysate outlet 13 is connected to the drainage pipeline. During dialysis, the dialysate is transported to the inside of the cylinder 1 through the dialysate inlet 16 and then discharged through the dialysate outlet 13, while the blood is transported to the hollow fiber membrane module through the blood inlet 12 and then discharged through the blood outlet 15. The blood flow direction is opposite to that of the dialysate flow direction, so that the blood and the dialysate are in the hollow fiber membrane module. The two sides of the hollow fiber membrane assembly flow in opposite directions, and the solute gradient, osmotic gradient and water pressure gradient on both sides of the hollow fiber membrane assembly are used to remove toxins and excess water in the blood, replenish the substances needed in the body, maintain electrolyte and acid-base balance, and transport the blood purified by dialysis back to the patient's blood vessels; when the dialysate in the cylinder 1 flows through the drainage ring 31, the drainage ring 31 can accelerate the drainage of the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder 1 through the diversion chute 34 to prevent the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder 1 from being affected by hydraulic pressure and friction and gradually reducing its flow rate, so that the dialysate inside the cylinder 1 flows at a uniform speed;

[0041] The drainage ring 31 is used to make the dialysate inside the cylinder 1 flow at a uniform speed, so that the dialysate has the same dialysis effect on the blood in the hollow fiber membranes 2 in the inner and outer circles inside the cylinder 1, which is beneficial to improving the overall hemodialysis effect of the hemodialyzer; and there are multiple drainage rings 31, and by distributing the multiple drainage rings 31 equidistantly inside the cylinder 1, the drainage rings 31 can be used to accelerate the drainage of the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder 1 for multiple times, thereby improving the flow rate regulation effect of the dialysate inside the cylinder 1, so as to further improve the hemodialysis effect; and it can The multiple drainage rings 31 are driven to telescope and slide along the inner wall of the cylinder 1 by the cross-link 32 to adjust the spacing between adjacent drainage rings 31. When the patient is undergoing hemodialysis, the flow rate and hydraulic pressure of the dialysate need to be adjusted accordingly according to the patient's condition and dialysis needs. When the dialysate flow rate and hydraulic pressure in the cylinder 1 are different, the dialysate flow rate near the inner wall of the cylinder 1 is affected differently. At this time, by adjusting the spacing of the drainage rings 31 accordingly, the regulating effect of the drainage rings 31 on the dialysate flow rate can be improved, thereby improving the hemodialysis effect.

[0042] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 8As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that a right end plate 19 and a left end plate 117 are fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder 1, the right end plate 19 isolates the right end of the cylinder 1 to form a guide cavity 18 connected to the blood inlet 12, and the left end plate 117 isolates the left end of the cylinder 1 to form a liquid collecting cavity 17 connected to the blood outlet 15, and a plurality of liquid inlet holes 113 corresponding to the hollow fiber membranes 2 are opened on the right end plate 19, and a plurality of liquid outlet holes 118 corresponding to the hollow fiber membranes 2 are opened on the left end plate 117, and hollow fiber membranes 2 are connected and installed between the corresponding liquid inlet holes 113 and the liquid outlet holes 118;

[0043] When blood is transported, it can be transported to the guide chamber 18 through the blood inlet 12, and then the blood in the guide chamber 18 is guided and transported to each hollow fiber membrane 2 through the liquid inlet hole 113 on the right end plate 19, so that the right end plate 19 and the guide chamber 18 are set to facilitate the distribution and transportation of blood; and the dialyzed blood is collected from each hollow fiber membrane 2 into the liquid collecting chamber 17 through the liquid outlet hole 118, and then discharged from the blood outlet 15, so that the collection and output of blood are convenient by setting the left end plate 117 and the liquid collecting chamber 17.

[0044] Furthermore, the inner ends of the blood inlet 12 and the blood outlet 15 are both provided with guide plates 110, and the outer side surfaces of the guide plates 110 are fixedly mounted with connecting posts 112, and the corresponding guide plates 110 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner side surfaces of the right end cover 11 and the left end cover 14 through the connecting posts 112;

[0045] Among them, the guide plate 110 on the side of the blood inlet 12 can buffer and guide the blood transported into the guide cavity 18, preventing the blood from directly impacting and being transported into the partial liquid inlet hole 113 on the right end plate 19, thereby accelerating the blood flow rate in the hollow fiber membrane 2 connected to the partial liquid inlet hole 113. Correspondingly, the guide plate 110 on the side of the blood outlet 15 can buffer and guide the blood output from the hollow fiber membrane 2, preventing the blood output from the hollow fiber membrane 2 in the central part from being directly output outward from the blood outlet 15, thereby accelerating the blood flow rate in this part of the hollow fiber membrane 2. Therefore, the buffering and diversion of the blood by the guide plates 110 at both ends can make the blood transport speed in all the hollow fiber tubes 2 more uniform, which is beneficial to improving the consistency of the hemodialysis effect in all the hollow fiber tubes 2.

[0046] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the outer rings at both ends of the cylinder 1 are fixedly installed with liquid guide rings 114, the dialysate inlet 16 and the dialysate outlet 13 are respectively fixedly connected and installed on the outer rings of the two liquid guide rings 114, and the inner ring of the liquid guide ring 114 is provided with a plurality of dialysate inlet and outlet holes 115 distributed in a circumference and communicating with the interior of the cylinder 1;

[0047] By providing a liquid guide ring 114 and circumferentially distributed dialysate inlet and outlet holes 115, the dialysate can be evenly transported in and out along the circumferential direction of the cylinder 1, thereby making the hydraulic pressure distribution of the dialysate in the cylinder 1 more uniform, and further making the flow rate of the dialysate more uniform, which is beneficial to improving the dialysis effect of the dialysate.

[0048] Furthermore, guide rings 116 corresponding to the liquid guide ring 114 are fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder 1, and the guide ring 116 is located in the inner circle of the corresponding liquid guide ring 114, and the inner end of the outer circle of the guide ring 116 is sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 1; wherein the guide ring 116 of the inner circle of the dialysate inlet 16 can block and buffer the dialysate transported to the inside of the cylinder 1, to prevent the dialysate from directly impacting the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 2 and causing damage to the hollow fiber membrane 2, and at the same time, the guide rings 116 at both ends can cooperate with each other to guide the dialysate in the cylinder 1, further improve the uniformity of the dialysate flow, so as to improve the dialysis effect.

[0049] Example 4: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5-Figure 7 , Fig. 9 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment is that a plurality of groups of cross-linking rods 32 are provided, and the plurality of groups of cross-linking rods 32 are distributed in a circle inside the cylinder 1; each group of cross-linking rods 32 includes a plurality of connecting rods 321, and the plurality of connecting rods 321 are cross-connected in pairs through connecting shafts to form a plurality of cross-links, and the adjacent cross-links are also rotationally connected through the connecting shafts, and the plurality of drainage rings 31 are rotationally connected to the intersections of the corresponding cross-links; one of the plurality of drainage rings 31 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 1, and the remaining drainage rings 31 are slidably installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 1, and a translation device capable of driving one of the drainage rings 31 to slide left and right is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 1 Driving assembly; the translation driving assembly includes a driving ring 33, a screw rod 35 and a transmission shaft 38, the screw rod 35 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder 1, and the screw rod 35 is threadedly connected to one of the drainage rings 31, and one end of the screw rod 35 is fixedly mounted with a driven bevel gear 36; the transmission shaft 38 is rotatably mounted on the cylinder wall of the cylinder 1, and the inner end of the transmission shaft 38 is fixedly mounted with a transmission bevel gear 37 meshing and connected to the driven bevel gear 36, the outer end of the transmission shaft 38 extends to the outside of the cylinder 1 and is fixedly mounted with a gear 39, the driving ring 33 is rotatably mounted on the outer ring of the cylinder 1, and one end of the driving ring 33 is fixedly mounted with an end face gear ring 311 meshing and connected to the gear 39;

[0050] When the spacing of the drainage rings 31 needs to be adjusted, the driving ring 33 is rotated to engage the driving gear 39 through the end face gear ring 310 to rotate. When the gear 39 rotates, it drives the transmission shaft 38 and the transmission bevel gear 37 to rotate synchronously, and then the transmission bevel gear 37 engages to drive the driven bevel gear 36 to rotate, thereby driving the screw rod 35 to rotate. The rotation of the screw rod 35 drives the drainage ring 31 connected to it to slide along the inner wall of the cylinder 1 through the threaded transmission. When the drainage ring 31 moves, it cooperates with another drainage ring 31 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 1 to drive the cross-link 32 to retract or expand. When the cross-link 32 retracts and expands, it drives all the intersections on it to move synchronously, and then drives all the drainage rings 31 to move through the cross-link 32 to adjust the spacing between adjacent drainage rings 31.

[0051] Example 5: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment discloses a dialysis method based on hollow fiber membrane, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] First, the blood inlet 12 is connected to the blood supply channel of the dialysis patient for outputting blood, and the blood outlet 15 is connected to the blood vessel of the dialysis patient through the blood return channel. At the same time, the dialysate inlet 16 is connected to the dialysate supply device, and the dialysate outlet 13 is connected to the drainage pipeline. During dialysis, the dialysate is transported to the inside of the cylinder 1 through the dialysate inlet 16 and then discharged through the dialysate outlet 13, while the blood is transported to the hollow fiber membrane module through the blood inlet 12 and then discharged through the blood outlet 15. The blood flow direction is opposite to the dialysate flow direction, so that the blood and the dialysate flow in opposite directions on both sides of the hollow fiber membrane module. With the help of the solute gradient, osmotic gradient and water pressure gradient on both sides of the hollow fiber membrane module, the toxins and excess water in the blood are removed, and the substances needed in the body are supplemented, and the electrolyte and acid-base balance are maintained.

[0053] According to the flow rate and hydraulic pressure of the dialysate in the cylinder 1 during dialysis, the distance between adjacent drainage rings 31 is adjusted by the cross connecting rod 32. When the dialysate in the cylinder 1 flows through the position of the drainage ring 31, the drainage ring 31 can accelerate the drainage of the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder 1 to prevent the dialysate near the inner wall of the cylinder 1 from gradually decreasing in flow rate due to hydraulic pressure and friction, so that the dialysate in the cylinder 1 flows at a uniform speed, thereby maintaining the same dialysis effect on the blood in the inner and outer circles of the hollow fiber membrane 2 in the cylinder 1.

[0054] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0055] The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the invention well.

Claims

1. A hemodialyzer, comprising a cylinder, characterized in that: A hollow fiber membrane assembly is installed inside the cylinder, a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet communicating with the inside of the cylinder are respectively arranged on the side walls at both ends of the cylinder, a right end cap and a left end cap are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder, a blood inlet is arranged on the right end cap, and a blood outlet is arranged on the left end cap, and the blood inlet and the blood outlet are respectively connected to the two ends of the hollow fiber membrane assembly; A flow rate regulating mechanism capable of regulating the flow rate of the dialysate on the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder is also installed inside the cylinder. The flow rate regulating mechanism includes a plurality of drainage rings and cross-linking rods. The plurality of drainage rings are equidistantly distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder on the inner wall of the cylinder. The cross-linking rods can drive the plurality of drainage rings to telescopically slide along the inner wall of the cylinder to adjust the spacing between adjacent drainage rings, and can keep the plurality of drainage rings equidistantly distributed during the adjustment process, and the inner ring of the drainage ring is provided with a plurality of equidistantly distributed diversion chute grooves.

2. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow fiber membrane assembly comprises a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and the plurality of hollow fiber membranes are evenly distributed inside the cylinder, and two ends of the hollow fiber membranes are respectively connected with a blood inlet and a blood outlet.

3. A hemodialyzer according to claim 2, characterized in that: A right end plate and a left end plate are fixedly installed at both ends of the cylinder body, respectively. The right end plate isolates the right side end of the cylinder body to form a diversion cavity connected to the blood inlet, and the left end plate isolates the left side end of the cylinder body to form a liquid collecting cavity connected to the blood outlet. The right end plate is provided with a plurality of liquid inlet holes corresponding to the hollow fiber membranes one by one, and the left end plate is provided with a plurality of liquid outlet holes corresponding to the hollow fiber membranes one by one, and hollow fiber membranes are connected and installed between the corresponding liquid inlet holes and liquid outlet holes.

4. A hemodialyzer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner ends of the blood inlet and the blood outlet are both provided with guide plates, and the outer sides of the guide plates are fixedly installed with connecting columns, and the corresponding guide plates are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the right end cover and the left end cover respectively through the connecting columns.

5. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer rings at both ends of the cylinder are fixedly installed with liquid guide rings, the dialysate inlet and the dialysate outlet are respectively fixedly connected to the outer rings of the two liquid guide rings, and the inner ring of the liquid guide ring is provided with a plurality of dialysate inlet and outlet holes distributed in a circumference and connected to the interior of the cylinder.

6. A hemodialyzer according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both ends of the cylinder are fixedly mounted with flow guide rings corresponding to the liquid guide rings. The flow guide rings are located in the inner rings of the corresponding liquid guide rings, and the inner ends of the outer rings of the flow guide rings are sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder.

7. A hemodialyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross connecting rods are provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of cross connecting rods are distributed in a circular shape inside the cylinder; Each group of the cross-linking rods includes a plurality of connecting rods, and the plurality of connecting rods are cross-connected in pairs through connecting shafts to form a plurality of cross-rods. Adjacent cross-rods are also rotationally connected through connecting shafts, and the plurality of drainage rings are rotationally connected to the intersections of the corresponding cross-rods.

8. A hemodialyzer according to claim 7, characterized in that: One of the plurality of drainage rings is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder, and the remaining drainage rings are slidably mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder, and a translation driving assembly capable of driving one of the drainage rings to slide left and right is mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder.

9. A hemodialyzer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The translation drive assembly includes a drive ring, a screw and a transmission shaft, the screw is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the cylinder, and the screw is threadedly connected to one of the drainage rings, and a driven bevel gear is fixedly mounted on one end of the screw; The transmission shaft is rotatably mounted on the cylinder wall of the cylinder, the inner end of the transmission shaft is fixedly mounted with a transmission bevel gear meshing and transmission connected to the driven bevel gear, the outer end of the transmission shaft extends to the outside of the cylinder and is fixedly mounted with a gear, the drive ring is rotatably mounted on the outer ring of the cylinder, and one end of the drive ring is fixedly mounted with an end face gear ring meshing and transmission connected to the gear.

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