An atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and specifically discloses an atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path, comprising: a light source capable of emitting a first light beam towards an atomic gas cell along a first propagation direction; a mirror group disposed on the atomic gas cell; the mirror group has a corresponding first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface, the first reflecting surface converts the first light beam into at least one second light beam and reflects it to the second reflecting surface; the second light beam propagates in the atomic gas cell along a second propagation direction; a photoelectric detection mechanism is disposed at one end of the atomic gas cell away from the light source along the first propagation direction; the photoelectric detection mechanism receives the second light beam and obtains the magnetic field strength where the atomic gas cell is located through the light intensity signals of all the second light beams; it has the following advantages: it can achieve higher measurement accuracy, is suitable for occasions of high-precision magnetic field measurement, and can simultaneously provide magnetic field strength information in multiple directions, so as to realize omnidirectional measurement of the magnetic field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of atomic magnetometers, and more particularly, to an atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path. Background Art

[0002] An atomic magnetometer is an important tool for measuring magnetic field intensity. Atomic magnetometers usually use optical pumping technology to pump atoms with polarized light, so as to form a population difference between the magnetic sub-levels of the atoms, and use this atomic polarization state to detect the magnetic field. When a traditional single optical axis atomic magnetometer measures the magnetic field, due to the limitation of the number of atoms interacting with light, it is difficult to further improve the measurement sensitivity. For some detection configurations that are sensitive to the magnetic field perpendicular to the optical axis, no effective magnetic field intensity information can be provided in the optical axis propagation direction, resulting in a measurement blind area.

[0003] Therefore, an atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide an atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path to solve or improve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0005] In view of this, a first aspect of the present invention provides an atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides an atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path, including: a light source capable of emitting a first light beam to an atomic gas cell along a first propagation direction; a mirror group disposed on the atomic gas cell; the mirror group has a corresponding first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface, the first reflecting surface is used to block the first light beam along the first propagation direction, so as to convert the first light beam into at least one second light beam and reflect it to the second reflecting surface; the second light beam propagates in the atomic gas cell along a second propagation direction; a photoelectric detection mechanism disposed at one end of the atomic gas cell away from the light source along the first propagation direction; the photoelectric detection mechanism receives the second light beam reflected by the second reflecting surface, and obtains the magnetic field intensity where the atomic gas cell is located through the light intensity signals of all the second light beams.

[0007] In any of the above technical solutions, the mirror group includes a first mirror and a second mirror, the first mirror, the second mirror and the atomic gas cell are rotationally symmetric about the first propagation direction; the first mirror is disposed inside the atomic gas cell, and the second mirror is disposed outside the atomic gas cell to form a multi-stage bushing structure.

[0008] In any of the above technical solutions, the first reflecting mirror is circumferentially formed with an outer conical surface centered on the first propagation direction, and the outer conical surface faces the light source along the first propagation direction; the first reflecting surface is located on the outer conical surface; and / or the second reflecting mirror is circumferentially formed with an inner conical surface centered on the first propagation direction, and the outer conical surface faces away from the light source along the first propagation direction; the second reflecting surface is located on the inner conical surface.

[0009] In any of the above technical solutions, the inclination angles of both the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface are forty-five degrees, and the second propagation directions of all the second light beams are perpendicular to the first propagation direction.

[0010] In any of the above technical solutions, the photoelectric detection mechanism includes a focusing lens for receiving the second light beam.

[0011] In any of the above technical solutions, the second reflecting mirror is annular, and the second reflecting mirror is formed with a light passing opening along the first propagation direction; the projection of the atomic gas cell along the first propagation direction is located inside the light passing opening.

[0012] Advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0013] It can achieve higher measurement accuracy and is suitable for occasions of high-precision magnetic field measurement. The atomic magnetometer based on the configuration of the present invention can simultaneously provide magnetic field intensity information in the first propagation direction and the second propagation direction, thereby realizing omnidirectional measurement of the magnetic field.

[0014] The additional aspects and advantages of the embodiments according to the present invention will become apparent in the following description part, or will be learned through the practice of the embodiments according to the present invention. Description of the Drawings

[0015] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and be easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic optical path diagram of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is a beam processing flow chart of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0018] In order to more clearly understand the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0019] In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 , and a atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path according to some embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0021] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides an atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path. In some embodiments of the present invention, as Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, the atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path includes:

[0022] A light source capable of emitting a first light beam along a first propagation direction towards an atomic gas cell.

[0023] A mirror group disposed on the atomic gas cell; the mirror group has a corresponding first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface. The first reflecting surface is used to block the first light beam along the first propagation direction to convert the first light beam into at least one second light beam and reflect it to the second reflecting surface; the second light beam propagates in the atomic gas cell along a second propagation direction.

[0024] A photoelectric detection mechanism disposed at one end of the atomic gas cell away from the light source along the first propagation direction; the photoelectric detection mechanism receives the second light beam reflected by the second reflecting surface and obtains the magnetic field strength where the atomic gas cell is located through the light intensity signals of all the second light beams.

[0025] For the atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pumping optical path provided by the present invention, the main function of the light source is to generate a stable light beam with a specific wavelength, which resonates with the specific energy level transition of the target atoms and is used to achieve the excitation, cooling or manipulation of the atoms. The light source can modulate multiple parameters of the light beam, such as frequency, phase, intensity and polarization state, to adapt to different experimental requirements and optimize the interaction with the atoms. The light source can emit the light beam along a specific propagation direction (the first propagation direction) to ensure that the light beam directly irradiates the atoms in the atomic gas cell.

[0026] Laser light sources typically consist of devices such as laser diodes, solid-state lasers, or gas lasers. These devices generate light with high coherence and a single wavelength by exciting a medium (such as crystals, gases, or semiconductor materials). The direction, focusing, beam splitting, or filtering of the light beam is adjusted through optical elements (such as lenses, prisms, gratings, and filters) to precisely control the characteristics and shape of the light beam. When the light beam irradiates an atomic gas cell, photons interact with electrons in the atoms, causing the electrons to transition from one energy level to another. This process usually requires resonance between the light frequency and the atomic transition energy levels. By precisely controlling the frequency and intensity of the light beam, precise manipulation of the atomic state can be achieved, such as exciting atoms through optical pumping techniques or reducing the thermal energy of atomic motion through cooling techniques. In quantum information processing, lasers are used to prepare, manipulate, and measure qubits. In precision measurements (such as optical clocks or atomic magnetometers), lasers are used to achieve precise time and space control of atoms.

[0027] The main function of the first reflecting surface is to receive and intercept the first light beam from the light source and convert it into at least one second light beam. This conversion involves changing the direction of the light beam to meet the requirements of the experimental design and spatial layout. The second reflecting surface is responsible for receiving the second light beam converted by the first reflecting surface and reflecting it along a predetermined second propagation direction to ensure the correct propagation of the light beam within the atomic gas cell. Through such a configuration of the mirror group, complex optical path designs can be achieved, such as folding back, beam splitting, or focusing, enhancing the flexibility of the experiment and the interaction efficiency between atoms and light.

[0028] When the first light beam is emitted from the light source and reaches the first reflecting surface, the design of this reflecting surface enables it to truncate and / or change the propagation direction of the light beam as needed. This is usually achieved by using plane mirrors, concave mirrors, or convex mirrors at specific angles, depending on whether it is necessary to increase the light beam path length or change the focusing characteristics of the light beam. After the first reflecting surface changes the direction of the light beam, the second reflecting surface receives and reflects the light beam again. This can be a direct reflection or may involve more optical processing, such as further adjusting the light beam through a lens group or other reflecting surfaces. Throughout the reflection process, the quality and configuration of the mirrors must ensure that the coherence and intensity of the light beam are not lost to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data. The precisely controlled second light beam propagating within the atomic gas cell provides the necessary optical input for the experiment. In atomic physics experiments, such precisely controlled light paths are crucial for implementing techniques such as optical pumping, optical trapping, or interferometry.

[0029] The optoelectronic detection mechanism is arranged at one end of the atomic gas cell, away from the light source along the first propagation direction. Its main task is to receive the second light beam reflected by the second reflecting surface. This mechanism can measure the light intensity signals of all the second light beams. These signals contain important information about the magnetic field strength in the atomic gas cell because the magnetic field affects the splitting of atomic energy levels (Zeeman effect), thus affecting the absorption and emission characteristics of atoms to light. The detected light intensity signals are converted into electrical signals and then analyzed by the data processing unit to calculate the specific strength and direction of the magnetic field.

[0030] In summary, by introducing advanced light sources and mirror group configurations, the measurement accuracy has been significantly improved and its application range has been expanded. In particular, this device can measure the magnetic field in multiple propagation directions, achieving true omnidirectional magnetic field measurement capabilities, which are difficult to achieve in traditional single-axis magnetometers. This omnidirectional measurement function makes this magnetometer particularly suitable for scientific research and technical applications that require high-precision magnetic field data, such as geophysical exploration, precision navigation systems, and quantum computing. By optimizing the interaction between light and atoms, the present invention not only improves the sensitivity and accuracy of measurement but also significantly reduces the measurement blind spots commonly found in traditional devices, opening up new possibilities for the development of magnetic field measurement technology.

[0031] In any of the above embodiments, the mirror group includes a first mirror and a second mirror. The first mirror, the second mirror, and the atomic gas cell are rotationally symmetric about the first propagation direction.

[0032] The first mirror is disposed inside the atomic gas cell, and the second mirror is disposed outside the atomic gas cell to form a multi-stage bushing structure. The bushing structure formed by mutual nesting can reduce the length requirement of the atomic gas cell along the first propagation direction, which helps to reduce the overall volume.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first mirror is responsible for receiving the light beam emitted from the light source and accurately reflecting it to the second mirror. Due to the rotational symmetry of the system, this ensures that the light beam can be correctly reflected to the second mirror regardless of the incident angle. The second mirror receives the light beam reflected by the first mirror and further reflects it into the atomic gas cell. The rotationally symmetric configuration makes the light beam cover each part of the atomic gas cell evenly, enhancing the interaction efficiency between light and atoms. The rotational symmetry of the system helps to maintain the stability of the optical path, reduce errors caused by improper device arrangement or external disturbances, and improve the repeatability and reliability of the experiment.

[0034] The light beam emitted by the light source is first captured and reflected by the first mirror. Due to the rotationally symmetric layout of the first mirror and the second mirror, regardless of how the light beam rotates or from which angle the system operates, the light beam can be accurately directed by the first mirror to the second mirror. The second mirror receives the light beam from the first mirror and reflects it into the atomic gas cell according to the preset optical path design. The rotationally symmetric design ensures that the light beam can uniformly irradiate the atoms in the atomic gas cell, which is crucial for achieving uniform optical pumping and magnetic field measurement. In the atomic gas cell, the light beam interacts with the atoms to produce the Zeeman effect, and through this effect, how the magnetic sub-levels of the atoms are split due to the presence of an external magnetic field can be detected. The uniform irradiation of the light beam ensures that all atoms in the gas cell can equivalently participate in this process.

[0035] By arranging the first mirror inside the atomic gas cell and the second mirror outside, this nested structure effectively reduces the length of the device in the first propagation direction, thereby reducing the overall volume. This compact design makes the device more suitable for use in space-constrained environments, such as in mobile measurement systems or miniaturized scientific instruments. This layout enables the light beam to be reflected multiple times inside the atomic gas cell, increasing the opportunity for the light beam to interact with the atoms, improving the efficiency of optical pumping and the sensitivity of measurement. The multi-stage bushing structure also increases the structural stability of the system, which helps to reduce the influence of external environmental factors (such as temperature fluctuations and mechanical vibrations) on the measurement accuracy.

[0036] The light beam emitted by the light source first enters the atomic gas cell and is captured by the first mirror inside. The first mirror reflects the light beam in a specific direction, usually towards the outside of the atomic gas cell or another reflecting surface. The second mirror, located outside the atomic gas cell, further reflects the light beam back into the atomic gas cell or other required directions, realizing the recycling of the light beam and the optimization of the spatial path. Since the light beam is reflected multiple times inside the atomic gas cell, it increases the number of interactions with the atoms, making the optical pumping process more efficient. Each interaction between the light beam and the atoms affects the energy level distribution of the atoms, thereby detecting the change in the magnetic field according to the Zeeman effect. Considering the reduction of the overall volume in the design, through the reasonable configuration of the internal and external mirrors, the size of the device is minimized without sacrificing its function and efficiency. This compact design also facilitates the carrying and deployment of the device.

[0037] In any of the above embodiments, the first mirror circumferentially forms an outer conical surface with the first propagation direction as the axis, and the outer conical surface faces the light source along the first propagation direction; the first reflecting surface is located on the outer conical surface.

[0038] The second mirror circumferentially forms an inner conical surface with the first propagation direction as the axis, and the outer conical surface faces away from the light source along the first propagation direction; the second reflecting surface is located on the inner conical surface.

[0039] In this embodiment, the design of the outer conical surface enables the first mirror not only to reflect the light beam but also to focus the light beam. When the light beam is emitted from the light source and hits such a conical reflecting surface, the light beam will be focused and redirected towards a specific direction, which is usually towards the inside of the atomic cell or towards the second mirror. Since the light beam is focused, the light density in the atomic cell increases, which enhances the interaction between light and atoms, thereby improving the overall sensitivity and efficiency of the system. Using the outer conical surface allows for more flexible manipulation of the light beam path within a limited space, especially when the atomic cell is small or the device requires a compact layout.

[0040] When the light beam is emitted from the light source and travels along the first propagation direction, it first encounters the outer conical surface of the first mirror. Due to the conical design, this outer conical surface has the property of focusing the light beam towards the center line or the focal point. This focusing effect is precisely calculated based on the geometry and angle of the mirror to ensure that the light beam can be efficiently focused and directed to the correct position. Once the light beam is focused, its intensity increases at the focal point, causing the atoms passing through the focal region to be irradiated by stronger light. Such light irradiation strengthens the interaction between light and atoms, such as excitation and pumping processes, thereby more effectively affecting the magnetic state of the atoms, which is crucial for the detection of magnetic fields. By precisely calculating the angle and shape of the outer conical surface, it can be ensured that the light beam can be effectively reflected and focused regardless of the incident angle. This design provides a highly optimized optical path configuration, enabling the device to meet the requirements of compact space while maintaining high performance.

[0041] The inner conical surface of the second mirror is designed to converge and redirect the light beam reflected by the first mirror. The inner conical surface causes the light beam to converge inward when passing through the second mirror, thereby precisely controlling the path of the light beam propagation. By precisely controlling the focusing of the light beam, the second mirror can maximize the utilization of light energy, reduce the energy loss of the light beam during transmission, and improve the overall optical efficiency. In cooperation with the first mirror, the design of the inner conical surface of the second mirror helps to irradiate the atoms in the atomic cell with the light beam more intensively, thereby enhancing the interaction between light and atoms and improving the measurement sensitivity and accuracy of the system.

[0042] After the light beam is first reflected by the outer conical surface of the first mirror and slightly diffused or redirected, it is then captured by the inner conical surface of the second mirror. Due to the geometry of the inner conical surface, the light beam is guided towards the center and focused when passing through the second mirror, thus forming a light spot with higher intensity in the atomic gas cell. After being focused by the inner conical surface of the second mirror, the intensity and focusing degree of the light beam increase, making its optical path in the atomic gas cell more concentrated. This concentrated light beam can interact with atoms more effectively, especially when performing optical pumping and measuring the Zeeman effect, enabling more precise detection of magnetic field changes. The design of the inner conical surface not only optimizes the optical path but also helps maintain the symmetry and balance of the system through its unique geometry. This symmetry helps to detect the magnetic field uniformly in multiple directions, enhancing the system's adaptability to complex magnetic field environments.

[0043] In any of the above embodiments, the inclination angles of both the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface are forty-five degrees, and the second propagation directions of all the second light beams are perpendicular to the first propagation direction.

[0044] In this embodiment, the inclination angle of forty-five degrees enables the light beam to change direction precisely after being reflected by the first mirror. In physics and optics, specular reflection at a forty-five-degree angle usually causes the incident light to reverse completely, but in this configuration, due to the rotational symmetry and geometric layout of the system, the reflected light beam is directed perpendicular to the original propagation direction. By making the propagation directions of all the second light beams perpendicular to the first propagation direction, the system can cover the atomic gas cell more comprehensively, which is crucial for uniformly exciting and detecting the atoms in the gas cell, especially when measuring directional magnetic fields. This design helps to improve the system's response sensitivity and measurement accuracy to the magnetic field because the light beam can irradiate different regions of the atomic gas cell more uniformly, enabling effective detection of magnetic field information from all directions.

[0045] When the light beam emitted from the light source first hits the outer conical surface of the first mirror, due to the inclination angle of the outer conical surface being forty-five degrees, the light beam is reflected and changes direction. At this time, the direction of the light beam is adjusted to be perpendicular to the original propagation direction. After being reflected by the first mirror, the light beam then hits the inner conical surface of the second mirror. Similarly, the inner conical surface is also inclined at a forty-five-degree angle, further ensuring precise reflection and focusing of the light beam in a direction perpendicular to the first propagation direction. Since the second light beams are evenly distributed throughout the atomic gas cell, the system can detect the magnetic field from multiple angles, which is impossible to achieve with traditional single-direction magnetic field detection methods. This design is particularly suitable for complex or dynamically changing magnetic field environments, such as geophysical exploration or space physics research.

[0046] In any of the above embodiments, the photoelectric detection mechanism includes a focusing lens for receiving the second light beam.

[0047] In this embodiment, the main function of the focusing lens is to collect and focus the scattered second light beam onto the photodetector. Such a configuration ensures that light beams from different directions can be effectively collected and measured, improving the detection sensitivity and efficiency. Through the action of the focusing lens, more light energy can be transmitted to the sensitive area of the photodetector, thereby increasing the intensity of the optoelectronic signal and reducing the loss of the optical signal during transmission. The fixed connection between the first mirror and the focusing lens ensures the stability and alignment accuracy of the entire optical path, reducing the influence of system vibration or external interference on the measurement results.

[0048] After being reflected by the second mirror, the second light beam may undergo a certain degree of scattering. The task of the focusing lens is to refocus these scattered light beams into a smaller focal point, thereby concentrating the light energy onto the receiving area of the photodetector. This is usually achieved through the curvature and material properties of the lens, causing the light beam to focus at the rear focal point of the lens. When the focused light beam hits the photodetector, the material on the photodetector (such as a photodiode, a photomultiplier tube, etc.) generates an electrical signal according to the photoelectric effect. The intensity of this signal is proportional to the intensity of the incident light. The generated electrical signal is amplified and processed to extract information about the magnetic field strength in the atomic gas cell. Signal processing usually includes steps such as amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion, and the finally output data is used to analyze and display the measurement results of the magnetic field. The fixed connection design between the first mirror and the focusing lens ensures the fixity and accuracy of the optical path, thereby ensuring the repeatability and reliability of the measurement. This design avoids optical path errors caused by lens movement or misalignment.

[0049] In any of the above embodiments, the second mirror is annular, and the second mirror is formed with a light passing opening along the first propagation direction; the projection of the atomic gas cell along the first propagation direction is located inside the light passing opening, so as to reduce the interference to the movable atomic gas cell and ensure that the second light beam does not have a resonance optical path in the first propagation direction.

[0050] In this embodiment, the design of the annular second mirror positions the atomic gas cell inside the light passing opening. Such a configuration helps to avoid mechanical interference that the other parts of the mirror may cause to the movable atomic gas cell. By providing a light passing opening in the second mirror, it is ensured that the second light beam can pass through unobstructed and correctly irradiate the atomic gas cell, thereby guaranteeing the propagation efficiency and accuracy of the light beam and avoiding unnecessary light beam loss or deviation. The design ensures that the second light beam does not have an additional resonance optical path in the first propagation direction, which means that the light beam directly passes through the atomic gas cell without multiple reflections between the mirrors, reducing possible phase or resonance errors.

[0051] The annular structure of the second mirror and the central light-transmitting aperture allow the light beam to propagate freely into the atomic cell. This direct transmission method helps to maintain the quality and consistency of the light beam, avoiding beam attenuation or scattering caused by multiple reflections. The structure around the annular mirror is carefully designed to focus or reflect the light beam, while the central light-transmitting aperture is provided to allow the light beam to pass through directly. Such a design not only simplifies the optical path but also improves the optical efficiency of the system. When the atomic cell is movable, the design of the annular mirror and the light-transmitting aperture ensures that the light beam can always be correctly irradiated onto it regardless of how the atomic cell moves. This is crucial for achieving accurate dynamic measurements and reducing errors in experiments.

[0052] In any of the above embodiments, when using Rb atoms as the working medium, the incident laser is output by a laser, and its frequency is the same as the transition frequency of the D1 line of Rb atoms. The laser beam passes through a set of optical lenses for beam amplification, spot modulation, and polarization state adjustment. Then the beam enters the atomic cell and, after propagating a certain path in the incident direction, irradiates on a conical mirror and is reflected to an annular mirror with a specific reflection angle outside the cell along a plane perpendicular to the incident direction. After being collimated by a lens, it is focused onto a photodetector. The photodetector collects the light intensity signal within the photosensitive area and transmits it to the data processing unit for amplification and analysis to calculate a set of magnetic field strength data and simultaneously output the locking feedback signal required for the closed-loop control of the magnetometer.

[0053] In this embodiment, the laser generated by the laser has a frequency matching the D1 line transition frequency of Rb atoms and is used to excite specific energy levels of Rb atoms to bring the atoms to an excited state.

[0054] The optical lens group enlarges the beam diameter to increase the interaction area between the beam and the atoms, adjusts the size and shape of the light spot to optimize the distribution of the beam in the atomic cell, ensures that the polarization state of the beam is suitable for exciting the atoms and matches the requirements of the measurement system. The atomic cell is used for the light beam to propagate in the cell and interact with Rb atoms, and the atoms respond to the excitation of the beam by absorbing and emitting photons. The conical mirror is used to change the propagation direction of the beam and reflect it from the inside of the atomic cell to the annular mirror. The annular mirror has a specific reflection angle to further change the beam direction and ensure that the beam is correctly directed to the photodetector. The lens system can collimate and focus the beam to ensure that the beam is focused on the photosensitive surface of the photodetector to maximize the capture of the optical signal. The photodetector detects the light intensity signal and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal. The data processing unit amplifies and analyzes the electrical signal, calculates the magnetic field strength data, and generates a locking feedback signal to optimize the system performance.

[0055] After the light beam emitted by the laser is adjusted by the optical lens group, it is incident on the atomic gas cell. The light beam interacts with the Rb atoms, causing atomic energy level transitions and emitting photons under specific conditions. The characteristics of these photons (such as intensity and polarization) carry information about the external magnetic field. After the light beam interacts with the atoms in the atomic gas cell, it is directed to the photodetector through a specific layout of the conical mirror and the annular mirror. The lens system ensures that the light beam is precisely focused on the detector, maximizing the intensity of the photoelectric signal. The optical signal captured by the photodetector is converted into an electrical signal, which is amplified and analyzed by the data processing unit. This unit calculates the intensity of the magnetic field based on the changes in the electrical signal and adjusts the system settings (such as adjusting the laser output, beam polarization, etc.) as needed to maintain the measurement accuracy and stability.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0057] The above embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An atomic magnetometer based on a planar transmission pump optical path, characterized in that: include: A light source capable of emitting a first light beam toward the atomic gas chamber along a first propagation direction; A reflector group is arranged on the atomic gas chamber; the reflector group includes a first reflector and a second reflector, the first reflector, the second reflector and the atomic gas chamber are rotationally symmetrical with the first propagation direction as the axis; the first reflector is arranged inside the atomic gas chamber, and the second reflector is arranged outside the atomic gas chamber to form a multi-stage bushing structure; the reflector group has a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface corresponding to each other, the first reflector is formed with an outer conical surface in a circumferential direction with the first propagation direction as the axis, and the outer conical surface faces the light source along the first propagation direction; the first reflecting surface is located on the outer conical surface; the second reflector is formed with an inner conical surface in a circumferential direction with the first propagation direction as the axis, The outer conical surface faces away from the light source along the first propagation direction; the second reflecting surface is located on the inner conical surface; the inclination angles of the inner conical surface and the outer conical surface are both forty-five degrees, and the second propagation directions of all second light beams are perpendicular to the first propagation direction; the first reflecting surface on the outer conical surface is used to block the first light beam along the first propagation direction to expand the beam diameter of the first light beam and convert it into at least one second light beam and reflect it to the second reflecting surface; the second light beam propagates in the atomic gas chamber along the second propagation direction; the second reflector is annular, and the second reflector forms a light opening along the first propagation direction; the projection of the atomic gas chamber along the first propagation direction is located inside the light opening; A photoelectric detection mechanism is arranged at one end of the atomic gas chamber away from the light source along the first propagation direction; the photoelectric detection mechanism receives the second light beam reflected by the second reflection surface, and obtains the magnetic field strength of the atomic gas chamber through the light intensity signals of all the second light beams.

2. The atomic magnetometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric detection mechanism includes a focusing lens for receiving the second light beam.

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