Aquatic organism life history combined channel improvement project arrangement optimization method and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a channel improvement project arrangement optimization method and device in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms. The method comprises the steps that a water and sediment mathematical model of a research area is established; quantifying the water blocking effect of the regulation project, and analyzing the riverbed variation characteristics under the influence of the regulation project; carrying out aquatic organism in-situ monitoring, selecting key habitat factors to construct an aquatic organism habitat model, analyzing spatial distribution of habitat suitability according to a calculation result of a water-sediment mathematical model, and determining a habitat weighted available area; studying plaque features of habitat suitability, and calculating a landscape pattern index of the plaque features; and according to the life history characteristics of aquatic organisms, determining the relative importance degree of each index in the channel improvement project ecological effect evaluation system by using an analytic hierarchy process, giving different weight values for different indexes, further establishing an evaluation model of the channel improvement project ecological effect, and finally determining an optimization scheme of the channel improvement project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological waterway construction, and in particular relates to a method and equipment for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms. Background Art

[0002] Channel regulation projects maintain channel stability by adjusting the local riverbed morphology, while changing the habitat distribution characteristics of benthic animals and fish. Therefore, incorporating the ecological effects of channel regulation projects into the basis for optimizing their engineering schemes is an important part of building an ecological channel construction system. In the past, when studying the ecological effects of channel regulation projects, the habitat suitability that represents the growth needs of aquatic organisms was generally selected to reflect the quality of habitats. After calculating the habitat suitability of each area in the river, it was multiplied by the area of ​​the area and weighted to obtain the weighted available area of ​​the habitat, which was used to evaluate the habitat quality before and after the project. However, in reality, aquatic organisms also need connected habitats and stable riverbeds to complete their life histories such as growth and reproduction. Taking benthic animals and fish as examples, benthic animals spend most of their life history at the bottom of the water body, and some fish produce sticky eggs attached to the riverbed. Therefore, when the riverbed is eroded, the habitat is destroyed; for fish with strong mobility, when the number of habitat suitability areas is small and the distance is far, it will lead to their inability to complete their life histories such as spawning, foraging and migration. Therefore, how to quantify the ecological effects of waterway regulation projects from the perspective of the life history of aquatic organisms is an urgent problem to be solved in the optimization of waterway regulation project plans. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention discloses a method and equipment for optimizing the layout plan of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms. The method comprehensively considers the influence of riverbed stability, habitat suitability and connectivity on habitat quality, so that the evaluation of the ecological effect of the waterway regulation project is more accurate and close to the actual situation.

[0004] The method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms designed by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Collect and organize the water, sediment and topography data of the study area and construct a two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model of the river;

[0006] Step 2: According to the construction plan of the waterway regulation project, a water-sediment mathematical model with and without the waterway regulation project is established to analyze the impact of the regulation project on the riverbed stability;

[0007] Step 3: Conduct in-situ monitoring in the project river section, investigate the community characteristics and environmental characteristics of benthic animals and fish, construct an aquatic habitat model, establish a water-sediment mathematical model, and calculate the normalized weighted available habitat area;

[0008] Step 4, analyze the spatial distribution of habitat suitability and calculate the habitat suitability landscape pattern index;

[0009] ArcGIS was used to uniformly project the spatial distribution of habitat suitability to non-zero integer raster data with a coordinate system consistent with the terrain data and in units of m. Based on the ArcGIS raster calculator, the grid where HSI>0.5 was located was set as the effective habitat area.

[0010] The habitat suitability landscape pattern comprehensive index was calculated by combining habitat suitability patch density, maximum patch index, aggregation index and spread landscape pattern index to analyze the changing characteristics of habitat suitability pattern.

[0011] Step 5: Based on the life history characteristics of aquatic organisms, the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weights of riverbed stability, normalized habitat weighted available area, and habitat suitability landscape pattern index, conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the presence or absence of waterway regulation projects, determine the ecological effects of waterway regulation projects on aquatic organisms, and propose a plan to optimize the layout of regulation projects.

[0012] Preferably, the specific process of step 1 includes:

[0013] Step 1.1, use the grid to divide the study area, and construct a two-dimensional water-sediment mathematical model of the river channel based on the basic data of hydrology, topography, and meteorology collected in the study area. The model includes two-dimensional shallow water equations and a group of convection-diffusion equations for material transport, which are uniformly expressed in the following conservation form:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula,

[0016]

[0017] Where h is the water depth; u and v are the average velocity components of the water depth in the x and y directions, respectively; is the vertical average concentration of environmental factors and transported substances, such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus and other water quality indicators; F x is the x-direction flux vector, F y is the y-direction flux vector, S is the source term vector, is the bottom slope of the water bottom in the x direction; is the bottom slope of the water bottom in the y direction; is the friction bottom slope in the x direction; is the friction bottom slope in the y direction, n is the roughness coefficient; c w is the wind resistance coefficient; ρ a is the air density; ω is the wind speed; α is the angle between the wind speed and the y-axis; are the diffusion coefficients in the x and y directions, respectively; To transport materials The comprehensive degradation coefficient of is the source-sink term;

[0018] The sediment transport model includes suspended sediment transport and bedload transport. For suspended sediment, the governing equation is the mass continuity equation averaged along the water depth:

[0019]

[0020] Where S' is the average sediment content at the water depth; σ s is the Schmidt number, which can be taken as 1.0; ω is the sedimentation velocity; α is the sediment recovery saturation coefficient; S * is the average sediment-carrying force along the water depth;

[0021] The bed load model uses the unbalanced bed load transport relationship:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, α bx and α by are the direction cosine functions of shear stress; q b is the bed load transport rate; q b* is the bed load balance sediment transport rate; b is the riverbed elevation; ρ' is the dry density of sediment; L s Adjust the length for imbalance; for the full sand model, the riverbed deformation equation is:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, Q tx and Q ty are the total sediment transport rates in the x and y directions, including suspended sediment and bedload sediment; tx =huS'+α bx q b , Q ty =hvS'+α by q b ;

[0026] The finite volume method is used to discretize the basic equations, and the Simple algorithm is used to solve the discretized equations considering the dry-wet boundary changes and structural embedding.

[0027] Step 1.2, compare the calculated values ​​of water level, flow velocity and riverbed elevation with the measured values ​​to verify the reliability and practicality of the model in the two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical simulation of the river channel.

[0028] Preferably, the specific process of step 2 includes:

[0029] Step 2.1: quantify the water-blocking area of ​​the flow section according to the basic type and layout characteristics of the regulation project, generalize the area where the project is located by correcting the local terrain or adjusting the local roughness using the Manning formula, and construct a two-dimensional water-sediment mathematical model of the river channel including the regulation project based on the two-dimensional water-sediment model constructed in step 1.

[0030] Step 2.2, analyze and calculate the water and sediment characteristics with and without the remediation buildings. The analysis data includes flow velocity, water depth, water level and riverbed elevation. Analyze the spatial range of the nearshore riverbed changes and the magnitude of the elevation changes. Select A ΔZb≥0 / A is used as a quantitative indicator of the stability of the nearshore riverbed, where A ΔZb≥0 is the area of ​​the region where the elevation change of the nearshore riverbed is not less than 0, and A is the area of ​​the nearshore region.

[0031] Preferably, the specific process of step 3 includes:

[0032] Step 3.1, conduct in situ monitoring of aquatic organisms and habitats;

[0033] Step 3.2: Determine the main habitat factors x1, x2, …, x2 that affect biological indicators based on Pearson correlation analysis. n , the combination suitability is calculated using the product method, the calculation formula is:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, f(x i ) is the calculation formula for the suitability of the ith habitat;

[0036] Step 3.3: Substitute the calculated water and sediment information of each calculation grid into formula (6) to calculate the spatial distribution of habitat suitability, and calculate the area A of each divided grid. i Multiply it by the habitat suitability HSI at the grid and then sum it over the calculation area to get the weighted available area WUA of the entire calculation area: Normalized Weighted Available Area (WUA) * It can be calculated from the weighted available area of ​​habitat WUA and the total river area A:

[0037] WUA * =WUA / A (7)

[0038] Preferably, the landscape index calculation software Fragstats is used to calculate the patch density, the maximum patch index, the aggregation index and the spread landscape pattern index, and based on the above indexes, the habitat suitability landscape pattern comprehensive index CLI is calculated.

[0039] Preferably, in step 5, an expression of comprehensive habitat suitability is determined using the analytic hierarchy process;

[0040] The relationship between CHI and flow with and without regulation projects was established, the changing characteristics of CHI in dry, normal and wet years were compared, the influence of different building types on CHI in the study river was summarized, the ecological effects of channel regulation buildings were comprehensively evaluated, and the layout plan was optimized.

[0041] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also discloses an electronic device, comprising:

[0042] one or more processors;

[0043] A storage device for storing one or more programs;

[0044] When one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement a method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms.

[0045] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also discloses a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms.

[0046] Effect of the invention: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0047] (1) The present invention introduces the landscape pattern index representing land use types in remote sensing images to describe habitat patch characteristics, and proposes a habitat suitability landscape pattern index from the perspectives of patch number, contiguous area and connectivity, making its physical meaning as a habitat connectivity evaluation index more sufficient.

[0048] (2) Most of the existing methods for quantifying the ecological effects of channel regulation buildings only calculate the sum of the suitability of river habitats, with a single evaluation angle and method. On this basis, the present invention comprehensively considers the growth history of different organisms, establishes a relationship between habitat quality and three indicators: riverbed stability, habitat suitability, and habitat patch characteristics, and proposes weight coefficients for each indicator based on biological habits, which has stronger applicability and scalability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the ecological effect evaluation method of the waterway regulation project in the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 It is to carry out in-situ monitoring of water ecology in river sections under waterway regulation.

[0051] Figure 3 It is the calculation process of habitat suitability landscape pattern index. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to further understand the content of the present invention and make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0053] Embodiment 1

[0054] Taking the typical waterway regulation project section in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area, the ecological effects of regulation structures such as spur dikes and bottom protection in the research area were evaluated, including the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Collect and organize the water, sediment and topography data of the study area, divide the study area into grids, and construct a two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model of the river;

[0056] This step specifically includes:

[0057] Step 1.1, through data collection, literature research, field investigation, etc., organize the basic data of water and sediment and topography of the project river channel, and construct a two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model of the river channel. The two-dimensional shallow water equation (depth average) and the convection-diffusion equations of material transport can be uniformly written in the following conservation form:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula,

[0060]

[0061] Where h is the water depth; u and v are the average velocity components of the water depth in the x and y directions, respectively; It is the vertical average concentration of environmental factors and transported substances, such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus and other water quality indicators. x is the x-direction flux vector, F y is the y-direction flux vector, S is the source term vector, is the bottom slope of the water bottom in the x direction; is the bottom slope of the water bottom in the y direction; is the friction bottom slope in the x direction; is the friction bottom slope in the y direction, n is the roughness coefficient; c w is the wind resistance coefficient; ρ a is the air density; ω is the wind speed; α is the angle between the wind speed and the y-axis. are the diffusion coefficients in the x and y directions, respectively; To transport materials The comprehensive degradation coefficient of It is the source and sink term.

[0062] The sediment transport model includes suspended sediment transport and bedload transport. For suspended sediment, the governing equation is the mass continuity equation averaged along the water depth:

[0063]

[0064] Where S' is the average sediment content at the water depth; σ s is the Schmidt number, which can be taken as 1.0; ω is the sedimentation velocity; α is the sediment recovery saturation coefficient; S * It is the average sediment-carrying force along the water depth.

[0065] The bed load model uses the unbalanced bed load transport relationship:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, α bx and α by are the direction cosine functions of shear stress; q b is the bed load transport rate; q b* is the bed load balance sediment transport rate; b is the riverbed elevation; ρ' is the dry density of sediment; L s Adjust the length for imbalance. For the full sand model, the riverbed deformation equation is:

[0068]

[0069] In the formula, Q tx and Q ty are the total sediment transport rates in the x and y directions, including suspended sediment and bedload sediment, where Q tx =huS'+α bx q b , Q ty =hvS'+α by q b .

[0070] The finite volume method is used to discretize the basic equations, and the Simple algorithm is used to solve the discrete equations considering the dry-wet boundary changes and structural embedding processing.

[0071] Step 1.2, compare the calculated values ​​of water level, flow velocity and riverbed elevation with the measured values ​​to verify the reliability and practicality of the model in the two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical simulation of the river channel.

[0072] Step 2: According to the construction plan of the waterway regulation project, such as the dredging scope and depth, the basic form and layout of the regulation buildings, etc., a water-sediment mathematical model with and without the waterway regulation project is established to analyze the impact of the regulation project on the riverbed stability;

[0073] This step specifically includes:

[0074] Step 2.1, for the water blocking effect of the regulation project, according to the basic type and layout characteristics of the regulation project, including the dredging location and depth, the size and spacing of the buildings, and the materials used in the buildings, the area where the project is located is generalized through local terrain correction and local roughness adjustment to reflect its impact, and a two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model of the river channel containing the regulation project is constructed.

[0075] Step 2.2: Analyze and calculate the water and sediment characteristics with and without the remediation buildings, including flow velocity, water depth, water level and riverbed elevation, etc. Analyze the spatial range of the nearshore riverbed changes and the magnitude of the elevation changes, and select As an indicator to quantify the stability of the nearshore riverbed, is the area of ​​the area where the elevation change of the nearshore riverbed is not less than 0, and A is the area of ​​the nearshore area;

[0076] Step 3: Conduct in-situ monitoring in the project river section, investigate the community characteristics and environmental characteristics of benthic animals and fish, construct an aquatic habitat model, establish a water-sediment mathematical model, and calculate the normalized weighted available habitat area;

[0077] This step specifically includes:

[0078] Step 3.1: Conduct in situ monitoring of aquatic organisms and habitats, with a focus on species composition, density and biomass for aquatic organisms, and on hydrodynamic parameters such as water depth and flow velocity, riverbed matrix and physical and chemical properties of water bodies for habitats;

[0079] Step 3.2: Determine the main habitat factors x1, x2, …, x2 that affect biological indicators based on Pearson correlation analysis. n , use the product method to calculate the combined suitability (HSI, Habitat Suitable Index), the calculation formula is:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, f(x i ) is the calculation formula for the suitability of the ith habitat.

[0082] Step 3.3: Substitute the water and sediment information of each calculation grid obtained in step 2.2 into formula (6) to calculate the spatial distribution of habitat suitability, and calculate the area A of each divided grid. i Multiply it by the habitat suitability HSI at the grid and then sum it over the calculation area to get the weighted available area WUA of the entire calculation area: The normalized weighted available habitat area WUA* can be calculated from the weighted available habitat area WUA and the total river area A:

[0083] WUA *=WUA / A (7)

[0084] Step 4: Analyze the spatial distribution of habitat suitability and calculate the habitat suitability landscape index (CLI, Combined Landscape Index);

[0085] This step specifically includes:

[0086] Step 4.1: Use ArcGIS to uniformly project the spatial distribution of habitat suitability to non-zero integer raster data with a coordinate system consistent with the terrain data and in units of m. Based on the raster calculator function of ArcGIS, set the grid where HSI>0.5 as the valid habitat area, and output the raster data in TIFF format.

[0087] Step 4.2, using four indicators, namely, patch density (PD), largest patch index (LPI), aggregation index (AI) and contagion index (CONTAG), the landscape index calculation software Fragstats was used to calculate the above landscape pattern indexes and analyze the change characteristics of habitat suitability pattern. Among them, patch density reflects the fragmentation at the patch type level, the heterogeneity and fragmentation at the landscape level, and the larger the value, the more landscape patches there are.

[0088] PD=m i / A i (8)

[0089] The maximum patch index reflects the degree of landscape fragmentation. The larger the value, the larger the continuous patch area.

[0090] LPI = a imax / A i (9)

[0091] m is the total number of patches in landscape type i; a i is the area of ​​patch i; A i is the area of ​​landscape type i.

[0092] The aggregation index reflects the degree of dispersion between different types of patches. The smaller the value, the more dispersed the landscape is.

[0093] AI=g ii / maxg ii (10)

[0094] g ii Indicates the number of connections between patch types i; maxg ii Indicates the maximum number of connections for patch type i.

[0095] The spread index measures the degree of aggregation or extension trend of different patch types in the landscape. The larger the value, the more small patches there are in the landscape, and the patch types are scattered and not clustered. When the value is around 1, it means that there is a dominant patch type in the landscape and the connectivity between patches is very high.

[0096]

[0097] m is the total amount of landscape types; g is ik P represents the number of adjacent patches between the i-th type of patch and the k-th type of patch; i It indicates the proportion of type i patch in the total landscape area.

[0098] The CLI is defined as the comprehensive index of habitat suitability and landscape pattern, which is calculated from the above indicators:

[0099] CLI=(PD×LPI×AI×CONTAG) 1 / 4 (12)

[0100] Step 5: Use the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of riverbed stability, normalized weighted available area of ​​habitat, and habitat suitability landscape pattern index, conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the presence or absence of waterway regulation projects, and determine the ecological effects of waterway regulation projects on aquatic organisms.

[0101] This step specifically includes:

[0102] Step 5.1, use three indicators, namely nearshore riverbed stability (RBS), normalized weighted available area (WUA*), and habitat suitability landscape pattern index (CLI), to reflect habitat quality. The weight factor uses the hierarchical analysis method to determine the importance of the three indicators to various organisms. Fish with strong mobility have characteristic requirements for habitat connectivity when completing their life history, and are slightly less affected by riverbed stability. Therefore, the importance of the three indicators is: WUA*>CLI>RBS, and the discriminant matrix is:

[0103] Table 1 Discriminant matrix of fish habitat factors

[0104]

[0105] The proportion of the three eigenvalues ​​of the discriminant matrix to the sum of the eigenvalues ​​is the size of a, b, and c. Therefore, the final expression of the combined habitat suitability (CHI) is:

[0106] CHI=0.413×WUA * +0.327×CLI+0.260×RBS (13)

[0107] Most benthic animals with weak mobility even live in the riverbed for their entire lives. A stable riverbed is a necessary condition for survival, while the requirements for habitat connectivity are relatively low. Therefore, the importance of the three indicators is CLI>WUA*>RBS, and the discriminant matrices are:

[0108] Table 2 Discriminant matrix of benthic animal habitat factors

[0109]

[0110] The proportion of the three eigenvalues ​​of the discriminant matrix to the sum of the eigenvalues ​​is the size of a, b, and c. Therefore, the final expression of the combined habitat suitability (CHI) is:

[0111] CHI=0.413×RBS+0.327×WUA * +0.260×CLI (14)

[0112] Step 5.2, construct the relationship between CHI and flow with and without regulation projects, compare the variation characteristics of CHI in dry, normal and wet years, summarize the influence of different building types on CHI in the study river, such as straight spur dikes, inclined dams and comb dams, comprehensively evaluate the ecological effects of channel regulation buildings, and then propose optimization plans.

[0113] Embodiment 2

[0114] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including one or more processors; a storage device for storing one or more programs; when one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method described in Example 1.

[0115] Since the device introduced in the second embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device used to implement the method for optimizing a waterway regulation project combined with the life history of aquatic organisms in the first embodiment of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and deformation of the electronic device based on the method introduced in the first embodiment of the present invention, so it is not repeated here. All electronic devices used in a method in the embodiment of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0116] Embodiment 3

[0117] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention further provides a computer-readable medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the method described in the first embodiment is implemented.

[0118] Since the device introduced in the third embodiment of the present invention is a computer-readable medium used to implement the method for optimizing a waterway regulation project combined with the life history of aquatic organisms in the first embodiment of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and deformation of the electronic device based on the method introduced in the first embodiment of the present invention, so it is not repeated here. All electronic devices used in a method in the embodiment of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0119] The above-described embodiment only expresses a specific implementation of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of this application shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Collect and organize the water, sediment and topography data of the study area and construct a two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model of the river; Step 2: According to the construction plan of the waterway regulation project, a water-sediment mathematical model with and without the waterway regulation project is established to analyze the impact of the regulation project on the riverbed stability; Step 3: Conduct in-situ monitoring in the project river section, investigate the community characteristics and environmental characteristics of benthic animals and fish, construct an aquatic habitat model, establish a water-sediment mathematical model, and calculate the normalized weighted available habitat area; Step 4, analyze the spatial distribution of habitat suitability and calculate the habitat suitability landscape pattern index; ArcGIS was used to uniformly project the spatial distribution of habitat suitability to non-zero integer raster data with a coordinate system consistent with the terrain data and in units of m. Based on the ArcGIS raster calculator, the grid where HSI>0.5 was located was set as the effective habitat area. The habitat suitability landscape pattern comprehensive index was calculated by combining the patch density, maximum patch index, aggregation index and spread landscape pattern index of habitat suitability to analyze the changing characteristics of habitat suitability pattern. Step 5: Based on the life history characteristics of aquatic organisms, the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weights of riverbed stability, normalized habitat weighted available area, and habitat suitability landscape pattern index, conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the presence or absence of waterway regulation projects, determine the ecological effects of waterway regulation projects on aquatic organisms, and propose an optimization plan for the layout of regulation projects.

2. The method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step 1 includes: Step 1.1, use the grid to divide the study area, and construct a two-dimensional water-sediment mathematical model of the river channel based on the basic data of hydrology, topography, and meteorology collected in the study area. The model includes two-dimensional shallow water equations and a group of convection-diffusion equations for material transport, which are uniformly expressed in the following conservation form: In the formula, Where h is the water depth; u and v are the average velocity components of the water depth in the x and y directions, respectively; is the vertical average concentration of environmental factors and transported substances, such as total nitrogen and total phosphorus and other water quality indicators; F x is the x-direction flux vector, F y is the y-direction flux vector, S is the source term vector, is the bottom slope of the water bottom in the x direction; is the bottom slope of the water bottom in the y direction; is the friction bottom slope in the x direction; is the friction bottom slope in the y direction, n is the roughness coefficient; c w is the wind resistance coefficient; ρ a is the air density; ω is the wind speed; α is the angle between the wind speed and the y-axis; are the diffusion coefficients in the x and y directions, respectively; To transport materials The comprehensive degradation coefficient of is the source-sink term; The sediment transport model includes suspended sediment transport and bedload transport. For suspended sediment, the governing equation is the mass continuity equation averaged along the water depth: Where S' is the average sediment content at the water depth; σ s is the Schmidt number, which can be taken as 1.0; ω is the sedimentation velocity; α is the sediment recovery saturation coefficient; S * is the average sediment-carrying force along the water depth; The bed load model uses the unbalanced bed load transport relationship: In the formula, α bx and α by are the direction cosine functions of shear stress; q b is the bed load transport rate; q b* is the bed load balance sediment transport rate; b is the riverbed elevation; ρ' is the dry density of sediment; L s Adjust the length for imbalance; for the full sand model, the riverbed deformation equation is: In the formula, Q tx and Q ty are the total sediment transport rates in the x and y directions, including suspended sediment and bedload sediment; tx =huS'+α bx q b , Q ty =hvS'+α by q b ; The finite volume method is used to discretize the basic equations, and the Simple algorithm is used to solve the discretized equations considering the dry-wet boundary changes and structural embedding. Step 1.2, compare the calculated values ​​of water level, flow velocity and riverbed elevation with the measured values ​​to verify the reliability and practicality of the model in the two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical simulation of the river channel.

3. The method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step 2 includes: Step 2.1, quantify the water blocking area of ​​the flow section according to the basic type and layout characteristics of the regulation project, generalize the area where the project is located by correcting the local terrain or adjusting the local roughness using the Manning formula, and construct a two-dimensional water and sediment mathematical model of the river channel including the regulation project based on the two-dimensional water and sediment model constructed in step 1; Step 2.2: Analyze and calculate the water and sediment characteristics with and without the remediation buildings. The analysis data includes flow velocity, water depth, water level and riverbed elevation. Analyze the spatial range of the nearshore riverbed changes and the magnitude of the elevation changes. As an indicator to quantify the stability of the nearshore riverbed, is the area of ​​the area where the elevation change of the nearshore riverbed is not less than 0, and A is the area of ​​the nearshore area.

4. The method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step 3 includes Step 3.1, conduct in situ monitoring of aquatic organisms and habitats; Step 3.2: Determine the main habitat factors x1, x2, …, x2 that affect biological indicators based on Pearson correlation analysis. n , the combination suitability is calculated using the product method, the calculation formula is: In the formula, f(x i ) is the calculation formula for the suitability of the ith habitat; Step 3.3: Substitute the calculated water and sediment information of each calculation grid into formula (6) to calculate the spatial distribution of habitat suitability, and calculate the area A of each divided grid. i Multiply it by the habitat suitability HSI at the grid and then sum it over the calculation area to get the weighted available area WUA of the entire calculation area: The normalized weighted available habitat area WUA* can be calculated from the weighted available habitat area WUA and the total river area A: WUA * =WUA / A (7)。 5. The method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The landscape index calculation software Fragstats was used to calculate patch density, maximum patch index, aggregation index and spread landscape pattern index. Based on the above indices, the habitat suitability landscape pattern index was calculated.

6. The method for optimizing the layout of a waterway regulation project in combination with the life history of aquatic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the expression of comprehensive habitat suitability; The relationship between the habitat suitability landscape pattern index and flow rate with and without regulation projects was constructed, the changing characteristics of the habitat suitability landscape pattern index in dry, normal and wet years were compared, the influence of different building types on the habitat suitability landscape pattern index in the study river was summarized, the ecological effects of waterway regulation buildings were comprehensively evaluated, and the layout plan was optimized.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: one or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs; When one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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