Breathing warm dummy for demonstrating obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of breathing body warming dummies, in particular to a breathing body warming dummy for demonstrating obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. The breathing warm dummy comprises a dummy body, an expiration assembly, an inspiration assembly and a breathing pipeline, wherein the expiration assembly, the inspiration assembly and the breathing pipeline are arranged in the dummy body; an electric heating wire is laid on the dummy body; the air outlet end of the expiration assembly and the air inlet end of the inspiration assembly are respectively communicated with one end part of the breathing pipeline, the other end part of the breathing pipeline is provided with a mouth breathing tube and a nose breathing tube, and the breathing pipeline is provided with a breathing regulating valve for simulating collapse and blockage of an upper airway of a human body; the mouth breathing tube is provided with a mouth breathing valve, and the free end of the mouth breathing tube extends into the mouth of the dummy body; the nasal breathing tube is provided with a nasal breathing valve, and the free end of the nasal breathing tube extends into the nostrils of the dummy body. According to the invention, the symptom of the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome can be well simulated, and visualized and vivid medical teaching of the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of breathing warm-body dummies, and in particular to a breathing warm-body dummies for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Background Art

[0002] Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is mainly manifested by apnea or low ventilation. Apnea is manifested as upper airway obstruction during sleep, with disappearance or significant weakening of oral and nasal airflow (a decrease of more than 90% compared with the baseline amplitude) lasting for more than 10 seconds, but at the same time, thoracic and abdominal breathing movements still exist; hypoventilation is manifested as a decrease of more than 30% in oral and nasal airflow compared with the baseline level, and lasting for more than 10 seconds.

[0003] Existing breathing warm-body manikins cannot simulate the breathing characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. For example, the Chinese invention patent with application number CN201610631456.7, which is titled "A new type of warm-body manikin system", and the Chinese utility model patent with application number CN202021765689.4, which is titled "Respiratory function manikin", can only perform simple breathing simulation.

[0004] Up to now, there are still no good teaching aids for classroom teaching of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in the teaching of medical students in medical universities, which has caused certain difficulties in the visual and vivid medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a breathing warm-body manikin suitable for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, which can well simulate the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and is conducive to the visualized and vivid medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, comprising a manikin body and an exhalation component, an inhalation component and a breathing circuit arranged in the manikin body, wherein the manikin body is provided with an electric heating wire; wherein:

[0008] The air outlet end of the exhalation component and the air inlet end of the inhalation component are respectively connected to one end of the breathing circuit, and the other end of the breathing circuit is provided with an oral breathing tube and a nasal breathing tube. The breathing circuit is provided with a breathing regulating valve for simulating the collapse and obstruction of the upper airway of the human body; the oral breathing tube is provided with an oral breathing valve, and the free end thereof extends into the mouth of the dummy body; the nasal breathing tube is provided with a nasal breathing valve, and the free end thereof extends into the nostrils of the dummy body.

[0009] Further provided is a specific structure of an exhalation component and an inhalation component, the exhalation component comprising an exhalation pipeline and an exhalation power part, an air pressure stabilizing box, an exhalation bypass pipeline, an exhalation flow meter and an exhalation ratio control valve sequentially arranged on the exhalation pipeline along the exhalation airflow direction, and an exhalation bypass regulating valve is arranged on the exhalation bypass pipeline;

[0010] The air intake assembly comprises an air intake pipeline and an air intake proportional control valve, an air intake flow meter, an air intake bypass pipeline and an air intake power part which are sequentially arranged on the air intake pipeline along the air intake flow direction, and an air intake bypass regulating valve is arranged on the air intake bypass pipeline;

[0011] In order to further better regulate the exhaled gas pressure, the air pressure stabilizing box has two air pressure stabilizing boxes with different volumes and connected in parallel, the inlet of each air pressure stabilizing box is provided with an inlet regulating valve, and the outlet of each air pressure stabilizing box is provided with an outlet regulating valve.

[0012] In order to ensure the cleanliness of the gas, the exhalation component further includes an exhalation filter, which is arranged on the exhalation pipeline and located between the exhalation power component and the air pressure stabilizing box;

[0013] The inhalation assembly further comprises an inhalation filter, which is arranged on the exhalation duct and is located behind the inhalation power component along the inhalation airflow direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the exhalation power component is an exhalation compressor, and the inhalation power component is an inhalation compressor.

[0015] In order to simulate the actual human breathing situation more realistically, the exhalation component and the inhalation component are configured to operate alternately, and a time interval is set between the stop of the exhalation component and the next operation of the inhalation component;

[0016] When the exhalation component is operated once, the instantaneous exhalation flow of the exhalation component changes in a sinusoidal wave; when the inhalation component is operated once, the instantaneous inhalation flow of the inhalation component also changes in a sinusoidal wave.

[0017] In order to make the surface temperature of the warm manikin more stable and uniform, the main model of the manikin body is divided into 16 temperature zones, and each temperature zone is provided with the heating wire at intervals of 6 mm. The heating wire is a nickel-chromium heating wire with a width*thickness of 2 mm*0.2 mm.

[0018] In order to simulate human skin and make the surface temperature of the heating manikin more stable, the nickel-chromium heating wire of the manikin body is coated with a skin layer, and the skin layer includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; wherein,

[0019] The inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer are respectively laid with quick-drying epoxy glue mixed with epoxy resin and curing agent;

[0020] The ratio of the curing agent in the inner layer is greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the middle layer and greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the outer layer.

[0021] After adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention sets a breathing regulating valve on the breathing duct, and can adjust the breathing regulating valve to make the gas passing cross-sectional area of ​​the breathing duct be in different sizes, so as to simulate the collapse and obstruction of the human upper airway, thereby simulating various degrees of upper airway obstruction and disappearance or obvious weakening of the nasal and oral airflow under the condition of apnea or low ventilation; and when the nasal breathing valve on the nasal breathing tube is opened and the oral breathing valve on the oral breathing tube is closed, the breathing warm body manikin realizes the real nasal breathing process; when the nasal breathing valve on the nasal breathing tube is closed and the oral breathing valve on the oral breathing tube is opened, the breathing warm body manikin realizes the mouth breathing process, which can simulate specific symptoms in more detail; the laid electric heating wire can heat the manikin body to simulate the temperature of a real human body, and the human body surface temperature can make the exhaled gas closer to the human body temperature, making the simulation more real and reliable, and at the same time can overcome the influence of the external environment temperature on the internal breathing gas of the manikin. Therefore, the entire breathing warm body manikin is conducive to the visual and vivid medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 An enlarged view of the head of a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a temperature comparison diagram of the breathing warm body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome of the present invention using different laying intervals of the heating wire;

[0025] Figure 4A temperature comparison diagram showing whether a skin layer is applied to a breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to the present invention;

[0026] In the figure, 1. dummy body; 2. exhalation component; 20. exhalation filter; 21. exhalation pipeline; 22. exhalation power component; 23. air pressure regulating box; 24. exhalation bypass pipeline; 25. exhalation flow meter; 26. exhalation proportion control valve; 27. exhalation bypass regulating valve; 28. inlet regulating valve; 29. ​​outlet regulating valve; 3. inhalation component; 31. inhalation pipeline; 32. inhalation proportion control valve; 33. inhalation flow meter; 34. inhalation bypass pipeline; 35. inhalation power component; 36. inhalation bypass regulating valve; 37. inhalation filter; 4. breathing pipeline; 41. mouth breathing tube; 42. nasal breathing tube; 43. breathing regulating valve; 44. mouth breathing valve; 45. nasal breathing valve; 5. patch temperature sensor; 6. electric control box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below based on specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a breathing warming manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome comprises a manikin body 1 and an exhalation component 2, an inhalation component 3 and a breathing circuit 4 arranged in the manikin body 1; the manikin body 1 is provided with an electric heating wire; wherein,

[0029] The air outlet end of the exhalation component 2 and the air inlet end of the inhalation component 3 are respectively connected to one end of the breathing circuit 4, and the other end of the breathing circuit 4 is provided with an oral breathing tube 41 and a nasal breathing tube 42. The breathing circuit 4 is provided with a breathing regulating valve 43 for simulating the collapse and obstruction of the upper airway of the human body; the oral breathing tube 41 is provided with an oral breathing valve 44, and the free end thereof extends into the mouth of the dummy body 1; the nasal breathing tube 42 is provided with a nasal breathing valve 45, and the free end thereof extends into the nostril of the dummy body 1.

[0030] It should be noted that the exhalation component 2 and the inhalation component 3 are both located inside the dummy body 1. Figure 1 The exhalation component 2 and the inhalation component 3 are pulled outside just for the convenience of illustration.

[0031] Specifically, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome is a disease caused by partial or complete collapse of the upper airway due to various reasons during sleep, resulting in apnea and hypoventilation. In this embodiment, a breathing regulating valve 43 is provided on the breathing circuit 4. The breathing regulating valve 43 can be adjusted to allow the gas passing through the breathing circuit 4 to have different cross-sectional areas, simulating the collapse and obstruction of the human upper airway, thereby simulating various degrees of upper airway obstruction in the case of apnea or hypoventilation, in which the oral and nasal airflow disappears or is significantly weakened (the opening size of the breathing regulating valve 43 corresponds to the severity of obstructive respiratory syndrome. Under normal circumstances, the opening of the breathing regulating valve 43 is normally fully open, and the outlet breathing rate is stable; when the symptoms are mild, the opening of the breathing regulating valve 43 is slightly reduced, and the outlet rate is slightly accelerated; when the symptoms are more serious, the opening of the breathing regulating valve 43 becomes significantly smaller, and the exhaled air rate becomes very fast and rapid; in the case of complete blockage, the breathing regulating valve 43 is closed, and no air is exhaled). Moreover, when the nasal breathing valve 45 on the nasal breathing tube 43 is opened and the oral breathing valve 44 on the oral breathing tube 42 is closed, the breathing warm body manikin realizes the real nasal breathing process; when the nasal breathing valve 45 on the nasal breathing tube 43 is closed and the oral breathing valve 44 on the oral breathing tube 42 is opened, the breathing warm body manikin realizes the mouth breathing process, which can simulate specific symptoms in a more detailed manner; the laid heating wire can heat the manikin body 1 to simulate the temperature of a real human body, and the human body surface temperature can make the exhaled gas closer to the human body temperature, making the simulation more real and reliable, and at the same time can overcome the influence of the external environment temperature on the internal breathing gas of the manikin. Therefore, the entire breathing warm body manikin is conducive to the visual and vivid medical teaching of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

[0032] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the exhalation assembly 2 includes an exhalation pipeline 21 and an exhalation power part 22, an air pressure stabilizing box 23, an exhalation bypass pipeline 24, an exhalation flow meter 25 and an exhalation ratio control valve 26 which are sequentially arranged on the exhalation pipeline 21 along the exhalation airflow direction, and an exhalation bypass regulating valve 27 is arranged on the exhalation bypass pipeline 24;

[0033] The air intake assembly 3 comprises an air intake pipeline 31 and an air intake proportional control valve 32 , an air intake flow meter 33 , an air intake bypass pipeline 34 and an air intake power part 35 which are sequentially arranged on the air intake pipeline 31 along the air intake flow direction. An air intake bypass regulating valve 36 is arranged on the air intake bypass pipeline 34 .

[0034] Among them, a pressure gauge is also arranged at the part of the exhalation pipeline 21 between the outlet regulating valve 29 and the exhalation bypass pipeline 24. When the system exhalation pressure value exceeds the set exhalation pressure value, the system will automatically cut off the circuit of the exhalation power component 22 to shut down the exhalation power component 22, thereby avoiding the situation where the exhalation pressure value exceeds the set value required for operation. The exhalation power component 22 can be, but not limited to, an exhalation compressor, and the inhalation power component 35 can be, but not limited to, an inhalation compressor.

[0035] Specifically, by adjusting the opening of the exhalation bypass regulating valve 27 on the exhalation bypass line 24, the total exhalation volume per minute of the entire exhalation assembly 2 can be adjusted, and the instantaneous exhalation flow is displayed by the digital display of the exhalation flowmeter 25. By adjusting the opening of the inhalation bypass regulating valve 36 on the inhalation bypass line 34, the total inhalation volume per minute of the entire inhalation assembly 3 can be adjusted, and the instantaneous inhalation flow is displayed by the digital display of the inhalation flowmeter 33.

[0036] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the air pressure stabilizing tank 23 has two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 with different volumes and connected in parallel. An inlet regulating valve 28 is provided at the inlet of each air pressure stabilizing tank 23 , and an outlet regulating valve 29 is provided at the outlet of each air pressure stabilizing tank 23 .

[0037] Specifically, by switching the inlet regulating valve 28 and the outlet regulating valve 29 of the two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23, the two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 can have different total effective volumes. By adjusting the opening of the inlet regulating valve 28 and the outlet regulating valve 29, different exhaled gas pressure values ​​can be achieved to meet more simulation requirements. More specifically, when the total effective volume of the two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 is relatively large, more gas will enter. When the opening of the outlet regulating valve 29 is opened to a certain degree, the pressure can always maintain a certain value. When the total effective volume of the two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 is relatively small, the outlet regulating valve 29 adopts the same opening, and the pressure will become smaller.

[0038] exist Figure 1 In the example shown, the volume of one of the air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 is 10L, the inlet regulating valve 28 of the inlet is recorded as V_i1, and the outlet regulating valve 29 is recorded as V_o1. The volume of the other air pressure stabilizing tank 23 is 5L, the inlet regulating valve 28 of the inlet is recorded as V_i2, and the outlet regulating valve 29 is recorded as V_o2. When Vi_i1 and V_o1 are closed at the same time, and Vi_i2 and V_o2 are opened at the same time, the effective volume of the two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 is 5L; when Vi_i1 and V_o1 are opened at the same time, and Vi_i2 and V_o2 are closed at the same time, the effective volume of the two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 is 10L, and when Vi_i1, V_o1, V_i2 and V_o2 are opened at the same time, the effective volume of the two air pressure stabilizing tanks 23 is 15L.

[0039] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the exhalation assembly 2 further includes an exhalation filter 20, which is disposed on the exhalation pipeline 21 and is located between the exhalation power component 22 and the air pressure stabilizing box 23;

[0040] The inhalation assembly 3 further includes an inhalation filter 37 , which is disposed on the exhalation pipeline 21 and is located behind the inhalation power component 35 along the inhalation airflow direction.

[0041] Specifically, an exhalation filter 20 is arranged between the exhalation power component 22 and the air pressure stabilizing box 23, which can ensure that the air sent into the air pressure stabilizing box 23 is clean, thereby avoiding blockage of the subsequent pipeline. The outlet of the inhalation power component 35 is connected with an inhalation filter 37 for exhaust, thereby ensuring that the gas inhaled by the breathing warm manikin is clean after being discharged through the inhalation power component 35 in the inhalation pipeline 21, without affecting the air quality cleanliness of the entire experimental space where the breathing warm manikin is located, and can also avoid the inhalation component 3 from inhaling unclean air in the experimental space and causing pipeline blockage.

[0042] Wherein, both the exhalation filter 20 and the inhalation filter 37 can be high-efficiency particle filters.

[0043] In one embodiment, the exhalation component 2 and the inhalation component 3 are configured to operate alternately, and a time interval is set between the stop of the exhalation component 2 and the next operation of the inhalation component 3;

[0044] When the exhalation component 2 is operated once, the instantaneous exhalation flow of the exhalation ratio control valve 26 changes in a sinusoidal wave; when the inhalation component 3 is operated once, the instantaneous inhalation flow of the inhalation ratio control valve 32 also changes in a sinusoidal wave.

[0045] Specifically, when the exhalation pressure reaches the set exhalation pressure value, the electronic control system immediately supplies power to the exhalation proportional control valve 26, so that the instantaneous outlet flow rate of the exhalation proportional control valve 26 changes in the form of a sine wave, thereby simulating the instantaneous exhalation air flow rate of the human body in the form of a sine wave, which is closer to the real situation and more realistic; when the exhalation duration reaches the preset duration, the exhalation power component 22 and the exhalation proportional control valve 26 are closed, and after waiting for the preset time interval, the inhalation power component 35 and the inhalation proportional control valve 32 are opened and operated, and the instantaneous inhalation flow rate of the inhalation proportional control valve 32 also changes in the form of a sine wave, thereby simulating the instantaneous inhalation air flow rate of the human body in the form of a sine wave, which is closer to the real situation and more realistic.

[0046] In one embodiment, in order to better simulate the temperature distribution on the surface of a real human body, the main body model of the dummy body 1 is divided into 16 temperature zones, each of which is provided with heating wires at intervals of 6 mm, and the heating wires are nickel-chromium heating wires with a width and thickness of 2 mm and 0.2 mm. Each temperature zone is evenly provided with a patch temperature sensor 5, and the circuit board is respectively connected to the patch temperature sensors 5 and the nickel-chromium heating wires of the 16 temperature zones, and is configured to perform constant temperature control or constant heat control on the nickel-chromium heating wires of the corresponding temperature zones according to the temperature feedback from each patch temperature sensor 5. The circuit board is installed in the electric control box 6.

[0047] Among them, the 16 temperature zones are head and neck, thorax, back, left forearm, right forearm, left forearm, right forearm, left hand, right hand, waist and hips, left thigh, right thigh, left calf, right calf, left foot and right foot.

[0048] Specifically, different laying spacings of heating wires will affect the heating effect and power consumption. Generally speaking, the smaller the laying spacing of the heating wires, the faster the heat conduction between the heating wires and the more uniform the heat distribution. However, too small a laying spacing will greatly increase the difficulty of laying the heating wires. In order to obtain the optimal laying spacing of the heating wires, a temperature uniformity comparison experiment with different laying spacings of the heating wires was designed.

[0049] Stable experimental environmental conditions (temperature 24°C, relative humidity 50%, wind speed <0.2m / s) are set in the artificial environment chamber, and a breathing heating manikin is placed in the center of the artificial environment chamber. The same or closest temperature zones of the breathing heating manikin are laid with heating wires at different laying intervals. Experiments have shown that 6mm is the best spacing. The best performance is that the corresponding temperature zones of the breathing heating manikin fluctuate more smoothly, the temperature deviation is smaller, the response time required to reach the set temperature is shorter, and the laying interval is as large as possible. One set of experimental structures is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, in Figure 3 In the experiment shown, the heating wires are laid at 6mm intervals on the left forearm and 10mm intervals on the right forearm, and the surface temperature of the breathing heating manikin is controlled using a constant heat control mode. Two PT100 temperature sensors are fixed directly above the heating wires on the left and right forearms, respectively, and the temperature is measured and recorded.

[0050] In one embodiment, in order to reduce the temperature fluctuation of the outer surface of the mannequin body 1 and better simulate the real human body, the nickel-chromium heating wire of the mannequin body 1 is coated with a skin layer. In order to achieve uniform thickness, a multi-layer arrangement method is adopted for the breathing warm body mannequin. The skin layer includes an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; wherein,

[0051] The inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer are respectively laid with quick-drying epoxy adhesive mixed with epoxy resin and curing agent;

[0052] The ratio of the curing agent in the inner layer>the ratio of the curing agent in the middle layer>the ratio of the curing agent in the outer layer.

[0053] Specifically, a large amount of curing agent is added to the innermost layer to fix the heating wire, prevent it from sliding left and right, and ensure that the simulated skin of the dummy is a tightly closed surface. The outer layer uses a mixed glue with less curing agent to ensure that the surface of the dummy is smooth and flat.

[0054] Among them, epoxy resin can bond with various materials to form a solid structure, and the thermal diffusion coefficient of epoxy resin is close to that of humans. The outer layer uses quick-drying epoxy glue mixed with epoxy resin and curing agent in a ratio of 2:1.

[0055] In order to verify the effectiveness of the skin applied in this embodiment, the following test plan was designed.

[0056] The left forearm of the designed breathing and heating manikin is covered with a skin layer as one section, and the right forearm is not covered with a skin layer as two sections. Since the left and right forearms of the breathing and heating manikin have the same surface area, the laying area and spacing of the heating wires are the same, and the set heating power is also the same, it can be used as the research object of the comparative experiment.

[0057] Stable experimental environmental conditions (temperature 24°C, relative humidity 50%, wind speed <0.2m / s) were set in the artificial environmental chamber, a breathing warm-body manikin was placed in the center of the artificial environmental chamber, and two PT100 thermal resistance temperature probes were arranged in two numbered sections. This experiment used the constant heat control mode to control the surface temperature of the warm-body manikin.

[0058] The temperature field on the surface of the breathing warm manikin can be considered to be in a stable state only half an hour after the surface temperature of the breathing warm manikin reaches the set surface temperature. Use a temperature sensor to measure and record the surface temperature of the warm manikin every 5 minutes.

[0059] The surface temperature control of the breathing manikin is as follows: Figure 4 shown. Figure 4 It shows that when the breathing warm manikin is covered with a skin layer, its surface temperature fluctuates less and fluctuates within the range of 33±0.2℃; when the warm manikin is not covered with simulated skin material, the surface temperature fluctuates more and fluctuates within the range of 33±0.4℃. The experimental results show that the surface temperature of the warm manikin is more stable and uniform when the skin layer is covered than when it is not covered.

[0060] Table 1 shows the processing results of the surface temperature data of the breathing manikin:

[0061]

[0062] Table 1

[0063] As can be seen from the table, when the breathing warm-body manikin is covered with a skin layer, the standard deviation, arithmetic mean standard deviation, limit error, arithmetic mean limit error, and coefficient of variation of its surface temperature are all smaller than when no simulated skin is laid. It can be seen that after the skin layer is laid on the warm-body manikin, the stability and uniformity of the surface temperature are significantly improved, and it is more similar to the surface temperature changes of a real human body. The breathing warm-body manikin is a device that simulates obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the population, and it is inseparable from the normal human body surface temperature characteristics. A more stable and uniform human body surface temperature can make the exhaled gas closer to the human body temperature, making the simulation more realistic and reliable, and at the same time can overcome the influence of the external environment temperature on the breathing gas inside the manikin. In addition, the use of a warm-body manikin with a skin layer can also be used to evaluate environmental thermal comfort and test clothing thermal resistance, and the results obtained will be more accurate.

[0064] Based on the above ideal embodiments of the present invention, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention through the above description. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A breathing warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dummy body (1) and an exhalation component (2), an inhalation component (3) and a breathing tube (4) arranged in the dummy body (1), wherein the dummy body (1) is provided with an electric heating wire; wherein: The air outlet end of the exhalation component (2) and the air inlet end of the inhalation component (3) are respectively connected to one end of the breathing tube (4), and the other end of the breathing tube (4) is provided with an oral breathing tube (41) and a nasal breathing tube (42); The breathing tube (4) is provided with a breathing regulating valve (43) for simulating the collapse and obstruction of the upper airway of the human body; the oral breathing tube (41) is provided with an oral breathing valve (44) and the free end thereof extends into the mouth of the dummy body (1); the nasal breathing tube (42) is provided with a nasal breathing valve (45) and the free end thereof extends into the nostril of the dummy body (1).

2. The respiratory warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhalation assembly (2) comprises an exhalation pipeline (21) and an exhalation power component (22), an air pressure stabilizing box (23), an exhalation bypass pipeline (24), an exhalation flow meter (25) and an exhalation ratio control valve (26) which are sequentially arranged on the exhalation pipeline (21) along the exhalation airflow direction, and an exhalation bypass regulating valve (27) is arranged on the exhalation bypass pipeline (24); The air intake assembly (3) comprises an air intake pipeline (31), and an air intake proportional control valve (32), an air intake flow meter (33), an air intake bypass pipeline (34), and an air intake power element (35) which are sequentially arranged on the air intake pipeline (31) along the air intake flow direction; the air intake bypass pipeline (34) is provided with an air intake bypass regulating valve (36).

3. The respiratory warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air pressure stabilizing box (23) has two air pressure stabilizing boxes (23) with different volumes and connected in parallel with each other. The inlet of each air pressure stabilizing box (23) is provided with an inlet regulating valve (28), and the outlet of each air pressure stabilizing box (23) is provided with an outlet regulating valve (29).

4. The respiratory warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhalation assembly (2) further comprises an exhalation filter (20), wherein the exhalation filter (20) is arranged on the exhalation pipeline (21) and is located between the exhalation power component (22) and the air pressure stabilizing box (23); The inhalation assembly (3) further comprises an inhalation filter (37), wherein the inhalation filter (37) is arranged on the exhalation pipeline (21) and is located behind the inhalation power component (35) along the inhalation airflow direction.

5. The respiratory warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhalation power component (22) is an exhalation compressor, and the inhalation power component (35) is an inhalation compressor.

6. The respiratory warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhalation component (2) and the inhalation component (3) are configured to operate alternately, and a time interval is provided between the cessation of the exhalation component (2) and the next operation of the inhalation component (3); When the exhalation component (2) is operated once, the instantaneous exhalation flow of the exhalation component (2) changes in a sinusoidal wave; when the inhalation component (3) is operated once, the instantaneous inhalation flow of the inhalation component (3) also changes in a sinusoidal wave.

7. The respiratory warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body model of the dummy body (1) is divided into 16 temperature zones, each of which is provided with the heating wire at intervals of 6 mm. The heating wire is a nickel-chromium heating wire with a width*thickness of 2 mm*0.2 mm.

8. The respiratory warm-body manikin for teaching obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nickel-chromium heating wire of the dummy body (1) is coated with a skin layer, and the skin layer comprises an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; wherein: The inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer are respectively laid with quick-drying epoxy glue mixed with epoxy resin and curing agent; The ratio of the curing agent in the inner layer is greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the middle layer and greater than the ratio of the curing agent in the outer layer.

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