Solar refrigerating and heating integrated water cup and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar refrigerating and heating integrated water cup and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of water cup preparation. According to the solar refrigerating and heating integrated water cup, the dye-sensitized solar cell is used for generating electricity, the lithium ion battery is used for storing electricity, the semiconductor refrigerating and heating piece is used for refrigerating and heating, the cup body integrates refrigerating and heating, efficient utilization and storage of solar energy are achieved, the heat dissipation structure of the semiconductor refrigerating and heating piece is optimized, and the service life of the cup is prolonged. An integrated refrigerating and heating structure with solar power supply is constructed, the defects that a traditional water cup cannot heat and cool without electricity, a novel water cup cannot integrate refrigerating and heating, needs to be charged, is not environment-friendly, is inconvenient to carry and the like are overcome, drinks can be heated or cooled anytime and anywhere, and higher photoelectric efficiency is achieved. The refrigerating and heating functions are integrated, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing air conditioner has excellent energy-saving and emission-reducing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of water cup preparation, and in particular relates to a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a commonly used item, the functionality of water cups is increasingly valued, among which the heat preservation and cooling function of water cups is the most important function. Commonly used heat preservation water cups mainly use double-layer cup walls to evacuate the middle to achieve the heat preservation effect. The vacuum interlayer of the heat preservation cup effectively inhibits the occurrence of heat convection and heat conduction. This type of heat preservation water cup cannot automatically heat and cool the water in the cup, and its function has certain limitations. As a new environmentally friendly product, solar water cups have attracted widespread attention.

[0003] Existing solar water cups mostly use silicon-based solar panels to collect energy, which is then transferred to batteries for storage. Based on the temperature display, the control system issues instructions to control charging and discharging, thus achieving the cooling and heating effects of the water cup. Although the efficiency of this silicon-based solar cell has reached 26.8%, its energy recovery cycle is as long as several years, and it has high requirements for material purity, high energy consumption in the manufacturing process, and high cost, which greatly limits its development and application. In the production process of solar water cups, the conflict between the location of the silicon-based solar panel and the aesthetics of the solar water cup and whether it can fit the cup body have become processing difficulties. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup and a preparation method thereof, which improves the traditional solar water cup from two aspects of solar power generation and storage, so that the prepared solar cooling and heating integrated water cup has the characteristics of simple process, high safety, strong practicality, light weight, low cost, long life, etc.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A solar cooling and heating integrated water cup of the present invention comprises an outer transparent conductive glass and an inner conductive thermal insulation glass, wherein the outer transparent conductive glass is provided with a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer as a photoanode, a sensitizing dye is adsorbed on the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer, and the inner conductive thermal insulation glass is used as a counter electrode, a side of the outer transparent conductive glass provided with the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is opposite to a side of the inner conductive thermal insulation glass provided with a conductive surface, and an electrolyte is filled in the space between the outer transparent conductive glass and the inner conductive thermal insulation glass, thereby forming a dye-sensitized solar cell;

[0007] A semiconductor cooling and heating sheet is arranged at the bottom of the cup body formed by the outer layer of transparent conductive glass and the inner layer of conductive insulation glass, and heat conducting blocks are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the semiconductor cooling and heating sheet to realize heat exchange and transmission. At the same time, it lowers the center of gravity of the cup body, making the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup more stable and not easy to tip over.

[0008] A temperature detection and control system is also provided at the bottom of the cup body, and the temperature detection and control system includes a battery, a temperature sensor, a temperature display, a switch and a control system;

[0009] Among them, the dye-sensitized solar cell, the storage battery, the temperature sensor, the temperature display, and the semiconductor cooling and heating sheet are all connected to the switch and the control system.

[0010] The temperature sensor is arranged on the inner conductive heat-insulating glass and is used to detect the temperature of the liquid in the water cup;

[0011] The temperature sensor is connected to a temperature display, and the temperature display is used to display the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

[0012] The switch and control system are used to realize that if the temperature displayed on the temperature display is too low or too high, the charge and discharge of the battery and the heating and cooling of the semiconductor refrigeration and heating plate can be controlled through the switch and control system.

[0013] Furthermore, the nanoporous oxide semiconductor is preferably one of nanoporous TiO2, SnO2, NiO, ZnO, Al2O3, and Nb2O5.

[0014] Furthermore, thermal insulation cotton is arranged around the heat conductive block, which not only reduces the heat loss but also separates it from the temperature detection and control system.

[0015] Furthermore, a radiator is provided on one side of the heat conduction block near the lower end of the bottom of the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup. The radiator can increase the heat dissipation area, so that the heat generated by the semiconductor cooling and heating plate can be better transmitted to the external environment through the heat conduction block.

[0016] The inner layer of conductive heat-insulating glass has a heat-insulating effect. While keeping the liquid in the cup warm, it can also reduce the impact of temperature on the working efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell, making it convenient to take out at high temperatures.

[0017] The semiconductor cooling and heating sheet utilizes the Peltier effect of the material. When a direct current passes through a thermocouple made of two different materials in series, heat can be absorbed and released at both ends of the thermocouple respectively, which is used to realize the conversion of electrical energy and cold and heat, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling or heating.

[0018] The switch and control system is preferably a single chip microcomputer.

[0019] The battery is preferably a lithium-ion battery.

[0020] The sensitizing dye is preferably anthocyanin.

[0021] The conductive surface is preferably a conductor, more preferably Pt.

[0022] The working principle of the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup is as follows: under light, the dye-sensitized solar cell starts to work, converts solar energy into electrical energy, and provides it to the battery for storage through the switch and control system. At the same time, the battery can be used as a power source for the semiconductor cooling and heating plate and the temperature detection and control system; according to user needs, the switch can be used to choose whether to cool or heat. When the temperature displayed on the temperature display is too low or too high, the switch and control system are started. When the cooling switch is turned on, the semiconductor cooling and heating plate contacts the inner side of the cup to start cooling, and the heat at the other end is transmitted to the external environment through the radiator. When the heating switch is turned on, the direction of the current flowing through the two semiconductor couples P and N changes, and the semiconductor cooling and heating plate starts to heat. Users can monitor the real-time temperature of the liquid in the water cup through the temperature sensor, and adjust it through the temperature detection and control system to maintain the desired temperature range.

[0023] A method for preparing a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1. Preparation of photoanode

[0025] Step 1: Prepare the ingredients

[0026] removing impurities from the conductive glass and drying it to obtain pre-treated conductive glass; preparing a slurry of a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer;

[0027] In the step 1, the conductive glass is preferably fluorine-doped SnO2 transparent conductive glass (FTO conductive glass) or ITO conductive glass, more preferably FTO conductive glass.

[0028] In the step 1, the conductive glass is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 30 minutes to 60 minutes in sequence; and the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 90°C.

[0029] In the step 1, the slurry of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is prepared by the following preparation method: the nanoporous oxide semiconductor and anhydrous ethanol are mixed, stirred evenly at 50-70° C., and then a quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant, acetylacetone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are added and mixed evenly to obtain the slurry of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer. Wherein, according to the solid-liquid ratio, hydrophilic nano-scale titanium dioxide: anhydrous ethanol: quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant: acetylacetone: polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP): polyethylene glycol (PEG) = 1g: 10mL: (0.5-0.8)g: (1-2)mL: (0.5-1)g: (1-2)g.

[0030] Step 2: Spin coating of nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer

[0031] Spin coating the slurry of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer on the center of the conductive surface of the pretreated conductive glass to obtain a conductive glass with a uniform and smooth coating;

[0032] In the step 2, the spin coating speed is adjusted according to the viscosity of the slurry of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer.

[0033] Step 3: Sintering

[0034] The conductive glass with a uniform and smooth coating is dried, then subjected to gradient temperature sintering, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a photoanode preform;

[0035] In step 3, the gradient temperature sintering is to heat the temperature to 400-450°C at a heating rate of 2-5°C / min and keep it warm for 30-60min, and then heat the temperature to 500-550°C at a heating rate of 2-5°C / min and keep it warm for 30-60min.

[0036] Step 4: Adsorption of sensitizing dye

[0037] The photoanode preform is placed with the conductive surface facing upwards, immersed in an ethanol solution of anthocyanin, and immersed in the dark for more than 20 hours. After being taken out, it is washed with ethanol to remove the floating color on the surface, and dried naturally to obtain a conductive glass provided with a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer;

[0038] In the step 4, the ethanol solution of anthocyanins is an ethanol solution of anthocyanins with a volume fraction of 75%.

[0039] S2: Preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells

[0040] A conductive glass provided with a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is used as the outer layer of a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup, and a side provided with the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is opposite to a side provided with a conductive surface of an inner conductive thermal insulation glass to form an interlayer, and an electrolyte is injected into the interlayer to obtain a dye-sensitized solar cell;

[0041] The inner conductive thermal insulation glass is prepared by the following preparation method: a graphite rod with a mass percentage of more than 80% is coated on the conductive surface of the conductive thermal insulation glass, then placed in a muffle furnace for heat treatment, rinsed with ethanol and dried naturally to obtain the inner conductive thermal insulation glass.

[0042] The graphite rod with a mass percentage of more than 80% is preferably a 5B pencil.

[0043] The conductive surface is preferably pt.

[0044] The electrolyte is prepared by the following method: the raw materials are weighed according to the solid-liquid ratio of iodine: anhydrous lithium iodide: acetonitrile: polyol = (0.3-0.4) g: (4.0-5.0) g: (40-50) mL: (8-12) mL, iodine and anhydrous lithium iodide are dissolved in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and polyol, and the mixture is transferred into a brown reagent bottle and stored away from light for later use.

[0045] S3: Assembly

[0046] The accessories of the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup are arranged at corresponding positions according to the structure, the dye-sensitized solar cell is used as the cup body for holding liquid, and a cavity is formed below the cup body and the packaging shell at the bottom of the cup; the dye-sensitized solar cell is connected to the control system and the battery through a switch, the semiconductor cooling and heating plate is arranged in the cavity at the bottom of the cup, and heat conduction blocks are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the semiconductor cooling and heating plate, and a heat sink is arranged at the end of the heat conduction block arranged at the lower end away from the semiconductor cooling and heating plate, the temperature detection and control system is arranged in the cavity at the bottom of the cup, and the temperature sensor, the temperature display, and the semiconductor cooling and heating plate are connected to the switch and the control system. After assembly, a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup is obtained.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0048] The solar cooling and heating integrated water cup of the present invention adopts dye-sensitized solar cells for power generation, lithium-ion batteries for power storage, and semiconductor cooling and heating sheets for cooling and heating. The cup body integrates cooling and heating, realizing efficient utilization and storage of solar energy. The dye-sensitized solar cells are integrated into the double-layer glass cup. By upgrading the structure of the glass cup, the conversion rate η=P is achieved. m / P s×100%=10.02%; Maximum output power P m =10.0167×10 -3 W / cm 2 It optimizes the heat dissipation structure of the semiconductor cooling and heating sheet and creatively proposes an integrated cooling and heating structure powered by solar energy. It solves the shortcomings of traditional water cups that cannot be heated or cooled without electricity, new water cups that cannot integrate cooling and heating, need to be charged, are not environmentally friendly and inconvenient to carry. Drinks can be heated or cooled anytime and anywhere, and have higher photoelectric efficiency, integrating cooling and heating functions. The present invention has excellent energy-saving and emission reduction performance.

[0049] The solar cooling and heating integrated water cup uses the Peltier effect of the semiconductor chip and the principle of changing the direction of the DC current to change the cold end and hot end of the semiconductor chip, thus integrating the cooling and heating functions into the same device, which not only saves space, but also simplifies the operation process and improves the convenience of the overall system. At the same time, by optimizing the heat dissipation structure of the semiconductor refrigeration chip, the cooling and heating efficiency is improved, while ensuring the stability, durability and aesthetics of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup;

[0052] In the above figure, 1 is the cup cover, 2 is the outer transparent conductive glass, 3 is the electrolyte, 4 is the inner conductive thermal insulation glass, 5 is the heat conduction block, 6 is the semiconductor refrigeration and heating plate, 7 is the heat sink, 8 is the cup bottom packaging shell, 9 is the thermal insulation cotton, and 10 is the temperature detection and control system.

[0053] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of dye-sensitized solar cells.

[0054] Figure 4 This is the output characteristic curve of the solar cell.

[0055] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the working process of the temperature detection and control system.

[0056] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cooling or heating structure and working principle of a semiconductor cooling and heating element; (a) cooling; (b) heating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. The following embodiments are preferred embodiments and are not limitations on the protection content of the present invention. On the basis of being able to achieve the purpose of the present invention, other embodiments also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] Example

[0059] A method for preparing a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup comprises the following steps:

[0060] (1) Preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells

[0061] Experimental materials: FTO conductive glass (FTO conductive glass has slightly worse conductivity than ITO conductive glass, but its cost, etching difficulty and high temperature resistance are better than ITO conductive glass), P25 (TiO2, mass purity of 99.8%, particle size of 25nm, anatase phase, hydrophilic), anhydrous ethanol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), acetylacetone, polyethylene glycol (PEG 20000), N791 dye, iodine, anhydrous potassium iodide, acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, chloroplatinic acid, sarin film, Scotch tape; semiconductor cooling and heating element (TEC).

[0062] Experimental instruments: ultrasonic cleaner (KQ-300), multimeter, glue spreader (TC-218), magnetic stirrer (77-1), glue baking machine (SC-HI), muffle furnace (CHY-1200), air drying oven (WGL-65B), electrochemical workstation (CHI660D), electronic analytical balance (FA124C), scanning electron microscope (Hitachi High-Tech S-4800).

[0063] S1: Preparation of photoanode:

[0064] The conductive glass was ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 30 min, and then dried at 80 °C.

[0065] The nanoporous oxide semiconductor uses P25 powder, and the raw materials are weighed according to the ratio of TiO2 slurry: 1g of P25 powder, 10mL of anhydrous ethanol, 0.6g of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, 1.2mL of acetylacetone, 0.6g of PVP, and PEG 20000 1 / g; the P25 powder and anhydrous ethanol in the above raw materials are mixed, and the mixture is stirred evenly at a stirring temperature preferably at 50-60°C, and then the quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, acetylacetone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG20000) are added and mixed evenly to obtain TiO2 slurry.

[0066] Among them, the quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant is preferably one of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and more preferably cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC).

[0067] Use Scotch tape to stick one end of the FTO glass conductive surface, use a glass rod to drop TiO2 slurry to the center of the FTO conductive surface, adjust the spin coater speed according to the viscosity of the slurry, obtain a conductive glass with a uniform and smooth coating, dry it, peel off the tape, put it into a muffle furnace for sintering (450℃30min, 500℃30min, heating rate 2℃ / min), and obtain a photoanode preform.

[0068] After natural cooling, the photoanode preform was immersed in an ethanol solution with a volume fraction of 75% anthocyanin with the conductive surface facing upwards, protected from light for 24 hours, taken out, washed with ethanol to remove the floating color on the surface, and dried naturally.

[0069] S2: Preparation of counter electrode: physical coating method is adopted, 5B pencil is used to coat the conductive surface of conductive glass, and then it is placed in a muffle furnace for heat treatment. After heat treatment, the counter electrode is rinsed with alcohol and dried to obtain the required counter electrode. A Pt electrode sheet is set on one side of the coated 5B pencil as the conductive surface. Pt (platinum) only plays the role of conductivity because of its stable chemical properties (not easy to react with electrolyte) and contains a large number of free electrons, thus serving as a conductive surface.

[0070] S3: Prepare electrolyte: Use a balance to weigh 0.32 g iodine and 4.15 g anhydrous lithium iodide, measure 40 mL acetonitrile and 10 mL ethylene glycol, dissolve the weighed iodine and lithium iodide in the mixed solution of acetonitrile and ethylene glycol, transfer to a brown reagent bottle, and store away from light for later use.

[0071] Assemble the battery: Place the photoanode and the counter electrode conductive surface opposite to each other, stack them together, clamp them with a clip, and use a syringe to inject the electrolyte solution between the interlayers using the capillary principle. The assembly is thus completed and left for testing.

[0072] Performance test: Under standard test conditions (STC), the pre-experimental samples are tested to obtain their solar cell output characteristic curves.

[0073] A control group test was set up to obtain the optimal ratio of TiO2 slurry for preparing photoanode, and samples were made and their open circuit voltage (V OC ), short-circuit current density (J SC ), conversion efficiency (η), fill factor (FF) and other parameters, and plotted the JV and PV curves, and calculated its theoretical power.

[0074] V OC is the open circuit voltage; JSC is the short-circuit current density; power is represented by power density P, and there is a formula P = JV. P m is the maximum power point power density, which means the maximum power density output under given temperature and irradiance, P m =J m ·V m .

[0075] The obtained solar cell output characteristic curve is shown in Figure 4 ,pass Figure 4 The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells can be seen.

[0076] (2) Experiments on semiconductor cooling and heating elements

[0077] Semiconductor cooling and heating utilizes the Peltier effect of materials.

[0078] At the PN junction, carrier migration forms current, and the potential energy of carriers on two differently doped semiconductor materials is different. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of energy conservation, the energy exchange between carriers and the surrounding environment when passing through the junction is manifested in the form of heat energy.

[0079] In the Peltier effect, the relationship between Peltier heat and the current passing through the conductor is: QP = πI. Where π is a constant, called the "Peltier coefficient", which depends on the semiconductor material. For a PN junction, the Peltier coefficient π = (α p -α n )T,α p and α n are the temperature difference electromotive force of P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor respectively, and T is the absolute temperature on the response joint.

[0080] Therefore, when the current direction is N→P, the temperature drops and heat is absorbed, forming a cold end; and when the current direction is P→N, the temperature rises and heat is released, forming a hot end. This principle is used in the device to control the current direction N→P during cooling, and only the direction of the DC current needs to be changed during heating.

[0081] Figure 6 It represents a working unit of a semiconductor cooling and heating element, which is a thermocouple composed of a P-type semiconductor element and an N-type semiconductor element connected in series. The general semiconductor cooling and heating element seals multiple groups of PN junctions, and the thermocouples composed of them are connected in parallel, series or mixed to achieve cooling or heating work.

[0082] (3) Assemble the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup, the structural diagram of which is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0083] System design is divided into power supply design and temperature detection and control system design.

[0084] Power supply system: It uses a combination of dye-sensitized solar cells and lithium-ion batteries. The electricity generated by solar energy is boosted and stored in lithium-ion batteries. Through the switch and control system, it provides electricity to the semiconductor cooling and heating plates when needed.

[0085] Temperature detection and control system design: Use temperature sensors to collect temperature, transmit data to the switch and control system in real time, and realize automatic operation according to the set temperature range. Its workflow is as follows Figure 5 shown.

[0086] In the mechanical design, the device is mainly composed of five parts: the power generation part based on dye-sensitized solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, semiconductor cooling and heating plates, heat conduction blocks, and temperature detection and control systems.

[0087] The device adopts a double-layer glass design. The outer layer of FTO conductive glass is attached with a nanoporous oxide semiconductor to act as a photoanode, and the electrolyte is filled between the interlayers to form a dye-sensitized solar cell (its structure is shown in Figure 3 ), and the inner layer of conductive thermal insulation glass has a heat-insulating effect. While keeping the liquid in the cup warm, it can also reduce the impact of temperature on the working efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell, making it more convenient to take at high temperatures.

[0088] A semiconductor cooling and heating sheet is installed at the bottom of the device, and heat conduction blocks are fixed at the upper and lower ends to facilitate better heat transfer. At the same time, its weight reduces the center of gravity of the cup, making the cup more stable and less likely to tip over. Insulation cotton is wrapped around the outside of the heat conduction block to reduce heat loss and separate it from the temperature detection and control system. The heat conduction block at the lower end is fixed with a radiator to increase the heat dissipation area, so that the heat generated by cooling or the cold air generated by heating can be better transferred to the external environment.

[0089] A temperature detection and control system and a lithium-ion storage battery are installed in the annular space at the lower end of the cup body, making the product more portable.

[0090] The capacity of the cup is about π×(2.75cm) 2 ×16.68cm=396.2883cm 3 The energy required to raise the temperature from room temperature (25°C) to 50°C warm water suitable for drinking is calculated as Q = 1000 × 393.0132 × 10 -6×4.2×(50-25)=41.2663kJ. After unit conversion (1kwh=3600kJ), Q=0.011462885kWh. In other words, theoretically, about 1128 cups of such water can be heated each year. Users of this product can reduce primary energy consumption by about 13kWh per year, and can reduce carbon emissions by about 13kg. Assuming that half of the people in China can use this product, 9333686708.8603kWh of electricity will be saved each year, equivalent to 1147067.3109 tons of standard coal (10,000 kWh of electricity = 1.229 tons of standard coal; 8137 kWh = 1 ton of standard coal), which can reduce carbon emissions by 9305685.6487 tons. This shows the advantages and great development prospects of this device in energy conservation, emission reduction, carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

Claims

1. A solar cooling and heating integrated water cup, characterized in that: The solar cooling and heating integrated water cup comprises an outer transparent conductive glass and an inner conductive thermal insulation glass, wherein the outer transparent conductive glass is provided with a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer as a photoanode, a sensitizing dye is adsorbed on the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer, and the inner conductive thermal insulation glass is used as a counter electrode, a side of the outer transparent conductive glass provided with the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is opposite to a side of the inner conductive thermal insulation glass provided with a conductive surface, and an electrolyte is filled in the space between the outer transparent conductive glass and the inner conductive thermal insulation glass, thereby forming a dye-sensitized solar cell; A semiconductor cooling and heating sheet is arranged at the bottom of the cup body formed by an outer layer of transparent conductive glass and an inner layer of conductive heat-insulating glass, and heat-conducting blocks are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the semiconductor cooling and heating sheet; A temperature detection and control system is also provided at the bottom of the cup body, and the temperature detection and control system includes a battery, a temperature sensor, a temperature display, a switch and a control system; Among them, the dye-sensitized solar cell, the storage battery, the temperature sensor, the temperature display, and the semiconductor cooling and heating sheet are all connected to the switch and the control system.

2. The solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nanoporous oxide semiconductor is one of nanoporous TiO2, SnO2, NiO, ZnO, Al2O3, and Nb2O5.

3. The solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 1, characterized in that: Thermal insulation cotton is arranged around the heat conduction block, which can reduce heat loss and separate it from the temperature detection and control system.

4. The solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 1, characterized in that: A radiator is arranged on one side of the heat conduction block near the lower end of the bottom of the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup.

5. A method for preparing a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preparation of photoanode Step 1: Prepare the ingredients removing impurities from the conductive glass and drying it to obtain pre-treated conductive glass; preparing a slurry of a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer; Step 2: Spin coating of nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer Spin coating the slurry of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer on the center of the conductive surface of the pretreated conductive glass to obtain a conductive glass with a uniform and smooth coating; Step 3: Sintering The conductive glass with a uniform and smooth coating is dried, then subjected to gradient temperature sintering, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a photoanode preform; Step 4: Adsorption of sensitizing dye The photoanode preform is placed with the conductive surface facing upwards, immersed in an ethanol solution of anthocyanin, and immersed in the dark for more than 20 hours. After being taken out, it is washed with ethanol to remove the floating color on the surface, and dried naturally to obtain a conductive glass provided with a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer; S2: Preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells A conductive glass provided with a nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is used as the outer layer of a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup, and a side provided with the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is opposite to a side provided with a conductive surface of an inner conductive thermal insulation glass to form an interlayer, and an electrolyte is injected into the interlayer to obtain a dye-sensitized solar cell; S3: Assembly The accessories of the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup are arranged at corresponding positions according to the structure, the dye-sensitized solar cell is used as the cup body for holding liquid, and a cavity is formed below the cup body and the packaging shell at the bottom of the cup; the dye-sensitized solar cell is connected to the control system and the battery through a switch, the semiconductor cooling and heating plate is arranged in the cavity at the bottom of the cup, and heat conduction blocks are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the semiconductor cooling and heating plate, and a heat sink is arranged at the end of the heat conduction block arranged at the lower end away from the semiconductor cooling and heating plate, the temperature detection and control system is arranged in the cavity at the bottom of the cup, and the temperature sensor, the temperature display, and the semiconductor cooling and heating plate are connected to the switch and the control system. After assembly, a solar cooling and heating integrated water cup is obtained.

6. The method for preparing the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 1 of S1, the conductive glass is FTO conductive glass or ITO conductive glass.

7. The method for preparing the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 1 of S1, the slurry of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer is prepared by the following preparation method: the nanoporous oxide semiconductor and anhydrous ethanol are mixed, stirred evenly at 50-70° C., and then a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, acetylacetone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol are added and mixed evenly to obtain a slurry of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor layer; wherein, according to the solid-liquid ratio, hydrophilic nano-scale titanium dioxide: anhydrous ethanol: quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant: acetylacetone: polyvinyl pyrrolidone: polyethylene glycol = 1g: 10mL: (0.5-0.8)g: (1-2)mL: (0.5-1)g: (1-2)g.

8. The method for preparing the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3 of S1, the gradient temperature sintering is to heat the material to 400-450°C at a heating rate of 2-5°C / min and keep the temperature for 30-60min, and then heat the material to 500-550°C at a heating rate of 2-5°C / min and keep the temperature for 30-60min.

9. The method for preparing the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the S2, the inner layer of conductive thermal insulation glass is prepared by the following preparation method: a graphite rod with a mass percentage of more than 80% is coated on the conductive surface of the conductive thermal insulation glass, and then placed in a muffle furnace for heat treatment, rinsed with ethanol and naturally dried to obtain the inner layer of conductive thermal insulation glass.

10. The method for preparing the solar cooling and heating integrated water cup according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electrolyte is prepared by the following method, according to the solid-liquid ratio, iodine: anhydrous lithium iodide: Acetonitrile: polyol = (0.3-0.4) g: (4.0-5.0) g: (40-50) mL: (8-12) mL Weigh the raw materials, dissolve iodine and anhydrous lithium iodide in the mixed solution of acetonitrile and polyol, transfer to a brown reagent bottle, and store away from light for later use.

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