Absorption tower and its carbon dioxide capture system

Abstract

This invention provides an absorption tower and a carbon dioxide capture system thereon. The absorption tower includes: a tower body with clearance holes; a first liquid inlet located at the top of the tower body; an air inlet located on the side of the tower body; a first liquid outlet located at the bottom of the tower body; a separator movably disposed within the tower body to drain lean liquid from the tower body; and a liquid outlet pipe, the first end of which communicates with the bottom of the separator, and the second end of which passes through the clearance holes and extends out of the tower body. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of poor separation of lean and rich liquids in related technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide capture technology, and more specifically, to an absorption tower and a carbon dioxide capture system having the same. Background Technology

[0002] In carbon capture systems, organic alcohol amine chemical absorption can be used to capture carbon dioxide. However, the process of capturing carbon dioxide is characterized by high energy consumption and cost. Specifically, in existing processes, the rich solution containing carbon dioxide needs to be entirely sent to a regeneration tower for heating to release the carbon dioxide. Since the water content in the absorbent is usually over 70%, the heating and evaporation of water during high-temperature desorption consume a significant amount of energy, accounting for more than 50% of the total energy consumption. Therefore, a phase separator can be installed in the absorption tower to reduce the total amount of solution entering the regeneration tower and lower energy consumption.

[0003] In related technologies, when the phase separator is arranged inside the absorption tower, the solution disturbance intensity in the phase separation chamber of the phase separator is large. Specifically, when the gas comes into contact with the solution, there will be eddies and turbulence, which increases the disturbance of the solution surface and makes it easy for lean and rich solutions to mix. As a result, when the lean and rich solutions are separated in the phase separation chamber, the lean solution will be mixed with the rich solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an absorption tower and a carbon dioxide capture system thereon to solve the problem of poor separation effect between lean and rich solutions in related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, an absorption tower is provided, comprising: a tower body having a clearance hole; a first liquid inlet disposed at the top of the tower body; an air inlet disposed at the side of the tower body; a first liquid outlet disposed at the bottom of the tower body; a separator disposed vertically within the tower body to discharge lean liquid from the tower body; and a liquid outlet pipe having a first end connected to the bottom of the separator and a second end passing through the clearance hole and extending out of the tower body.

[0006] Furthermore, the separator includes a guide tube, which is movably disposed within the tower body. The guide tube has a guiding state and an initial state. When the guide tube is in the guiding state, the top of the guide tube is located between the liquid surface of the lean liquid and the liquid surface of the rich liquid. When the guide tube is in the initial state, the top of the guide tube is located above the liquid surface of the lean liquid.

[0007] Furthermore, the separator also includes a shielding cover and a support rod. The shielding cover is located on the side of the guide tube away from the bottom of the tower body, and the support rod is connected between the shielding cover and the guide tube. A flow space is formed between the shielding cover and the guide tube. The distance between the side of the shielding cover near the guide tube and the inner wall of the tower body is less than the distance between the side of the guide tube near the shielding cover and the inner wall of the tower body.

[0008] Furthermore, from the middle of the shielding cover to the edge of the shielding cover, the distance between the shielding cover and the top of the guide tube gradually decreases. The separator also includes a surrounding plate and a baffle hinged to the surrounding plate. The surrounding plate is located on the side of the shielding cover away from the guide tube, and an opening groove is formed between the two ends of the surrounding plate. The baffle is located at the opening groove to close the opening groove. The baffle has a shielding position and a clearance position. When the guide tube is in the flow guiding state, at least a part of the structure of the flow space is located in the lean liquid.

[0009] Furthermore, the absorption tower also includes a reset structure, which drives the baffle to move from the avoidance position to the blocking position.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the baffle is hinged to the surrounding plate, and the reset structure includes a magnetic component and a magnetic suction component that are magnetically engaged. The magnetic component is located on the side of the shielding cover away from the tower body, and the magnetic suction component is located on the side of the baffle facing the shielding cover.

[0011] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide tube gradually decreases from the top to the bottom of the tower.

[0012] Furthermore, the absorption tower also includes a reflux pipe, which connects the liquid outlet pipe and the first liquid inlet.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a carbon dioxide capture system is provided, comprising an absorption tower, wherein the absorption tower is the absorption tower described above.

[0014] Furthermore, the carbon dioxide capture system also includes a first pump body connected to a first outlet, and / or, the carbon dioxide capture system also includes a second pump body disposed on the outlet pipe.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention includes a clearance hole on the tower body. A first liquid inlet is located at the top of the tower body, an air inlet is located on the side of the tower body, and a first liquid outlet is located at the bottom of the tower body. A vertically movable separator is installed inside the tower body, capable of exporting lean liquid from the tower body. The first end of the liquid outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the separator, and the second end of the liquid outlet pipe passes through the clearance hole and extends out of the tower body. This arrangement allows the liquid outlet pipe to extend out of the tower body from the inside. The first liquid inlet allows the solution to enter the tower body and react with the mixed gas entering the tower body from the air inlet, absorbing a component of the mixed gas. During the reaction between the mixed gas and the solution, lean liquid and rich liquid are generated. The rich liquid is located below the lean liquid and can flow to the outside of the tower body through the first liquid outlet. The separator can move vertically within the tower body, allowing it to contact the lean liquid and move below the surface of the lean liquid to export it, thus improving the separation effect between the lean and rich liquids. Therefore, the technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of poor separation effect between lean and rich liquids in related technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A front view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the absorption tower according to the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the separator in the absorption tower;

[0019] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the separator;

[0020] Figure 4 It shows Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram showing the connection between the separator's enclosure and the shielding cover;

[0021] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 A partially enlarged schematic diagram of point A on the separator;

[0022] Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the separator.

[0023] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0024] 10. Tower body; 11. Clearance hole; 20. First liquid inlet; 30. Air inlet; 40. First liquid outlet; 50. Separator; 51. Flow guide tube; 52. Cover; 521. Annular groove; 522. Mounting groove; 53. Support rod; 54. Enclosure plate; 541. Opening groove; 542. Connecting block; 5421. First guide slope; 5422. Second guide slope; 55. Baffle; 56. Elastic element; 57. Limiting block; 60. Liquid outlet pipe; 70. Flow space; 80. Return pipe; 90. First pump body; 100. Second pump body. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, the absorption tower of this embodiment includes: a tower body 10, a first liquid inlet 20, an air inlet 30, a first liquid outlet 40, a separator 50, and a liquid outlet pipe 60. A clearance hole 11 is provided on the tower body 10. The first liquid inlet 20 is located at the top of the tower body 10. The air inlet 30 is located on the side of the tower body 10. The first liquid outlet 40 is located at the bottom of the tower body 10. The separator 50 is vertically movable within the tower body 10 to drain the lean liquid from the tower body 10. The first end of the liquid outlet pipe 60 communicates with the bottom of the separator 50, and the second end of the liquid outlet pipe 60 passes through the clearance hole 11 and extends out of the tower body 10.

[0029] According to the technical solution of this invention, a clearance hole 11 is provided on the tower body 10. A first liquid inlet 20 is provided at the top of the tower body 10, an air inlet 30 is provided on the side of the tower body 10, and a first liquid outlet 40 is provided at the bottom of the tower body 10. A vertically movable separator 50 is provided inside the tower body 10, which can export the lean liquid inside the tower body 10. The first end of the liquid outlet pipe 60 is connected to the bottom of the separator 50, and the second end of the liquid outlet pipe 60 passes through the clearance hole 11 and extends out of the tower body 10. Through the above arrangement, the clearance hole 11 allows the liquid outlet pipe 60 to extend out of the tower body 10 from the inside of the tower body 10. The first liquid inlet 20 allows the solution to enter the tower body 10 and react with the mixed gas entering the tower body 10 from the air inlet 30 to absorb a certain component of the mixed gas. During the reaction of the mixed gas and solution, lean liquid and rich liquid are generated. The rich liquid is located below the lean liquid and can flow to the outside of the tower body 10 through the first outlet 40. The separator 50 can move up and down within the tower body 10, allowing it to contact the lean liquid and move below its surface to discharge it, thus improving the separation effect between the lean and rich liquids. Therefore, the technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of poor separation effect between lean and rich liquids in related technologies.

[0030] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the mixed gas refers to flue gas, the solution refers to the compounded alkanolamine organic solvent, and the solution absorbs a certain component of the mixed gas, namely carbon dioxide. The lean solution refers to a solution that absorbs less carbon dioxide, and the rich solution refers to a solution that absorbs more carbon dioxide; the rich solution is located below the lean solution.

[0031] By using separator 50 to separately export the lean liquor, the existing technology avoids the mixing of lean and rich liquors due to surface disturbance, which leads to some lean liquor flowing out with the rich liquor during export. This makes separation of lean and rich liquors difficult, resulting in poor separation efficiency. Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the separator 50 includes a guide tube 51, which is movably disposed within the tower body 10. The guide tube 51 has a guiding state and an initial state. When the guide tube 51 is in the guiding state, its top end is located between the surface of the lean liquid and the surface of the rich liquid. When the guide tube 51 is in the initial state, its top end is located above the surface of the lean liquid. The guide tube 51 can move up and down within the tower body 10, allowing its top end to move above the surface of the lean liquid, or between the surface of the lean liquid and the surface of the rich liquid. In other words, the guide tube 51 can switch between the initial state and the guiding state, thereby allowing the guide tube 51 to discharge the lean liquid, avoiding the need for a separate lean and rich liquid separation device outside the absorption tower.

[0032] Specifically, the absorption tower also includes a guiding structure, which is disposed between the inner wall of the tower body 10 and the guide tube 51. The guiding structure includes a guide rod and a guide groove that guides and cooperates with the guide rod. Both the guide rod and the guide groove extend from the top to the bottom of the tower body 10.

[0033] It should be noted that when the guide tube 51 is in its initial state, the guide tube 51 floats on the lean liquid.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the separator 50 further includes a shielding cover 52 and a support rod 53. The shielding cover 52 is disposed on the side of the guide tube 51 away from the bottom of the tower body 10. The support rod 53 connects the shielding cover 52 and the guide tube 51, forming a flow space 70 between the shielding cover 52 and the guide tube 51. The distance between the side of the shielding cover 52 near the guide tube 51 and the inner wall of the tower body 10 is less than the distance between the side of the guide tube 51 near the shielding cover 52 and the inner wall of the tower body 10. The support rod 53 connects the guide tube 51 and the shielding cover 52, creating a gap between them, thus forming a flow space 70. This allows the lean liquid to flow through the flow space 70 into the guide tube 51. The distance between the side of the shielding cover 52 near the guide tube 51 and the inner wall of the tower body 10 is less than the distance between the side of the guide tube 51 near the shielding cover 52 and the inner wall of the tower body 10. This allows the shielding cover 52 to shield the guide tube 51, thereby preventing the solution from flowing out of the tower body 10 through the guide tube 51 after it flows into the tower body 10 from the first inlet 20, thanks to the action of the shielding cover 52.

[0035] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the distance between the shielding cover 52 and the top of the guide tube 51 gradually decreases from the middle of the shielding cover 52 to its edge. The separator 50 also includes a surrounding plate 54 and a baffle 55 hinged to the surrounding plate 54. The surrounding plate 54 is disposed on the side of the shielding cover 52 away from the guide tube 51, and an opening groove 541 is formed between the two ends of the surrounding plate 54. The baffle 55 is disposed at the opening groove 541 to close the opening groove 541. The baffle 55 has a shielding position and a clearance position. When the guide tube 51 is in the flow guiding state, at least a portion of the structure of the flow space 70 is located in the lean liquid. From the middle of the shielding cover 52 to its edge, the distance between the shielding cover 52 and the top of the guide tube 51 gradually decreases. This allows the shielding cover 52 to guide the flow of the solution after it flows to the shielding cover 52, preventing the solution from accumulating on the shielding cover 52. Baffle 55 can block the opening slot 541, allowing the solution to be stored between the enclosure 54, baffle 55, and shielding cover 52. Under the weight of the solution, the guide tube 51 can move from the top to the bottom of the tower body 10, so that the top of the guide tube 51 is lower than the lean liquid level, allowing the lean liquid to flow out through the outlet pipe 60. When baffle 55 is in the clearance position, the solution stored between the enclosure 54, baffle 55, and shielding cover 52 can flow out from the enclosure 54, reducing the weight of the solution within the enclosure 54. Under the buoyancy of the lean liquid, the top of the guide tube 51 can move to a position higher than the lean liquid level; that is, the guide tube 51 switches from the guiding state to the initial state.

[0036] It should be noted that the separator also includes a sealing structure, which prevents the solution inside the enclosure 54 from flowing out when the baffle 55 is in the blocked position. The sealing structure includes a first sealing gasket, a second sealing gasket, and a third sealing gasket. The first sealing gasket is disposed on the first sidewall of the baffle 55, and the second sealing gasket is disposed on the second sidewall of the baffle 55. The first and second sidewalls of the baffle 55 are positioned opposite each other, with the first sidewall of the baffle 55 adjacent to the first end of the enclosure 54, and the second sidewall of the baffle 55 adjacent to the second end of the enclosure 54. The third sealing gasket is disposed between the bottom end of the baffle 55 and the blocking cover 52. The third sealing gasket connects the first and second sealing gaskets. The sealing structure has corrosion-resistant properties.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the absorption tower also includes a reset structure, which drives the baffle 55 to move from a clearance position to a blocking position. By providing the reset structure, the baffle 55 can be moved from the clearance position to the blocking position, meaning that the solution can be stored again within the enclosure 54 and the baffle 55.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the top of the baffle 55 is hinged to the surrounding plate 54. The reset structure includes a magnetic component and a magnetic suction component that are magnetically engaged. The magnetic component is located on the side of the shielding cover 52 away from the tower body 10, and the magnetic suction component is located on the side of the baffle 55 facing the shielding cover 52. When the baffle 55 is in the shielding position, the surrounding plate 54 can store solution. As the amount of solution in the surrounding plate 54 increases, the pressure exerted by the solution on the baffle 55 gradually increases until the pressure exerted by the solution on the baffle 55 exceeds the attraction between the magnetic component and the magnetic suction component. Under the action of pressure, the bottom of the baffle 55 will move away from the shielding cover 52, and the baffle 55 will separate from the opening groove 541, allowing the solution in the surrounding plate 54 to flow out from the opening groove 541. As the pressure exerted by the solution in the surrounding plate 54 on the baffle 55 gradually increases, the top of the guide tube 51 can move towards the bottom of the tower body 10 and is located below the surface of the lean liquid, thus guiding the lean liquid. After the baffle 55 moves away from the shielding cover 52, that is, after the baffle 55 moves from the shielding position to the avoidance position, the solution in the enclosure 54 flows out. The weight of the shielding cover 52, the guide tube 51, the enclosure 54 and the solution in the enclosure 54 decreases. As a result, the guide tube 51 can move towards the top of the tower body 10 under the buoyancy of the lean liquid. After the top of the guide tube 51 is higher than the lean liquid surface, the lean liquid cannot flow out through the guide tube 51.

[0039] It should be noted that when the guide tube 51 is in its initial state and the baffle 55 is in the blocking position, the solution inside the enclosure 54 gradually increases. That is, the total weight of the enclosure 54, the solution inside the enclosure 54, the guide tube 51, and the support rod 53 gradually increases. This allows the guide tube 51 to move towards the bottom of the tower body 10 until the top of the guide tube 51 is lower than the lean liquid level, allowing the lean liquid to flow out from the guide tube 51. When the total weight of the enclosure 54, the solution inside the enclosure 54, the guide tube 51, and the support rod 53 increases to a preset weight value, the pressure exerted by the solution on the baffle 55 is greater than the magnetic force of the magnetic component. This allows the baffle 55 to separate from the opening groove 541, and the solution inside the enclosure 54 can flow out from the opening groove 541. During the outflow of the solution inside the enclosure 54, the distance between the baffle 55 and the blocking cover 52 first increases and then decreases. As the distance between the baffle 55 and the cover 52 increases, the attraction between the magnetic components gradually decreases, allowing the solution to flow out more easily. When the pressure exerted by the unflowed solution on the baffle 55 is less than the attraction between the magnetic components, the baffle 55 gradually moves closer to the cover 52 until the baffle 55 completely closes the opening slot 541, and the solution is stored in the enclosure 54 again.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the guide tube 51 gradually decreases from the top to the bottom of the tower body 10. This arrangement facilitates the faster flow of the lean liquid through the guide tube 51 after it comes into contact with the lean liquid.

[0041] It should be noted that the vertical cross-section of the guide tube 51 is arc-shaped, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the top end of the guide tube 51 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom end of the guide tube 51 is between 10 and 20. Specifically, it can be 10, 12, 15, 18 or 20.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the absorption tower also includes a reflux pipe 80, which connects the outlet pipe 60 and the first inlet 20. The reflux pipe 80 allows the lean liquid flowing out of the outlet pipe 60 to flow back into the tower body 10, so that the lean liquid can be fully utilized.

[0043] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the shielding cover 52 is provided with an annular groove 521, and the opening of the annular groove 521 is provided on the outer surface of the shielding cover 52. The separator 50 also includes an elastic element 56 and a limiting block 57. The elastic element 56 is disposed between the groove wall of the annular groove 521 and the first end of the limiting block 57, and the first end of the limiting block 57 is movably disposed in the annular groove 521.

[0044] A connecting block 542 is provided on the inner wall of the enclosure 54. The connecting block 542 has a first guide slope 5421 and a second guide slope 5422 connected to the first guide slope 5421. The limiting block 57 has an extended position that cooperates with the connecting block 542 and an inward position that avoids the connecting block 542. This arrangement facilitates the quick connection and disassembly of the enclosure 54 and the cover 52, and facilitates the installation and replacement of the enclosure 54.

[0045] The top of the cover 52 is provided with a mounting groove 522, and the bottom of the enclosure 54 is inserted into the mounting groove 522.

[0046] When the enclosure 54 is connected to the cover 52, the enclosure 54 is moved toward the cover 52. The first guide slope 5421 can press the limiting block 57 toward the inside of the annular groove 521. When the second end of the limiting block 57 slides from the first guide slope 5421 to the second guide slope 5422, the limiting block 57 gradually moves toward the outside of the annular groove 521 until the second end of the limiting block 57 is engaged with the second guide slope 5422 and the inner wall of the enclosure 54. At this time, the limiting block 57 is in the extended position to prevent the enclosure 54 from falling off the cover 52.

[0047] When the enclosure 54 is removed from the cover 52, the enclosure 54 is moved away from the cover 52. The second guide slope 5422 of the connecting block 542 provided on the inner wall of the enclosure 54 can press the limiting block 57 to move into the annular groove 521. That is, the limiting block 57 can be moved from the extended position to the retracted position. When the second end of the limiting block 57 slides from the second guide slope 5422 to the first guide slope 5421, the enclosure 54 can be removed from the cover 52.

[0048] Multiple elastic elements 56, connecting blocks 542, and limiting blocks 57 are included, with each of these elements corresponding to a specific element. This makes the connection between the enclosure 54 and the cover 52 more stable.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a carbon dioxide capture system according to this embodiment includes an absorption tower, which is the absorption tower described above. When in use, the absorption tower, through the separator 50, can separate lean and rich solutions within the tower body 10, thereby avoiding the problem of difficulty in separating lean and rich solutions caused by separately installing a lean and rich solution separation device outside the absorption tower. The carbon dioxide capture system with the absorption tower described above also has the aforementioned advantages.

[0050] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide capture system further includes a first pump body 90, which is connected to a first liquid outlet 40. The system also includes a second pump body 100, which is mounted on the liquid outlet pipe 60. The first pump body 90 allows the rich liquid in the tower body 10 to flow out more rapidly through the first liquid outlet 40. The second pump body 100 allows the lean liquid in the tower body 10 to flow out more rapidly through the liquid outlet pipe 60.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0052] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 80 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0053] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An absorption tower, characterized in that, include: Tower body (10), wherein an avoidance hole (11) is provided on the tower body (10); The first liquid inlet (20) is located at the top of the tower body (10); An air inlet (30) is provided on the side of the tower body (10); The first liquid outlet (40) is located at the bottom of the tower body (10); A separator (50) is provided vertically within the tower body (10) to drain lean liquid from the tower body (10); The liquid outlet pipe (60) has a first end connected to the bottom of the separator (50) and a second end passing through the clearance hole (11) and extending out of the tower body (10). The separator (50) includes a guide tube (51), which is movably disposed within the tower body (10). The guide tube (51) has a guiding state and an initial state. When the guide tube (51) is in the guiding state, the top of the guide tube (51) is located between the liquid surface of the lean liquid and the liquid surface of the rich liquid. When the guide tube (51) is in the initial state, the top of the guide tube (51) is located above the liquid surface of the lean liquid. The separator (50) also includes a shielding cover (52) and a support rod (53). The shielding cover (52) is disposed on the side of the guide tube (51) away from the bottom of the tower body (10). The support rod (53) is connected between the shielding cover (52) and the guide tube (51). A flow space (70) is formed between the shielding cover (52) and the guide tube (51). The distance between the side of the shielding cover (52) near the guide tube (51) and the inner wall of the tower body (10) is less than the distance between the side of the guide tube (51) near the shielding cover (52) and the inner wall of the tower body (10). From the middle of the shielding cover (52) to the edge of the shielding cover (52), the distance between the shielding cover (52) and the top of the guide tube (51) gradually decreases. The separator (50) also includes a surrounding plate (54) and a baffle (55) hinged to the surrounding plate (54). The surrounding plate (54) is disposed on the side of the shielding cover (52) away from the guide tube (51). An opening groove (541) is formed between the two ends of the surrounding plate (54). The baffle (55) is disposed at the opening groove (541) to close the opening groove (541). The baffle (55) has a shielding position and a clearance position. When the guide tube (51) is in the flow guiding state, at least a part of the structure of the flow space (70) is located in the lean liquid.

2. The absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption tower also includes a reset structure, which drives the baffle (55) to move so that the baffle (55) moves from the avoidance position to the blocking position.

3. The absorption tower according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the baffle (55) is hinged to the enclosure (54). The reset structure includes a magnetic component and a magnetic suction component that are magnetically attracted. The magnetic component is located on the side of the shield (52) away from the tower body (10), and the magnetic suction component is located on the side of the baffle (55) facing the shield (52).

4. The absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the guide tube (51) gradually decreases from the top of the tower body (10) to the bottom of the tower body (10).

5. The absorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorption tower also includes a reflux pipe (80), which is connected between the liquid outlet pipe (60) and the first liquid inlet (20).

6. A carbon dioxide capture system, comprising an absorption tower, characterized in that, The absorption tower is the absorption tower according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The carbon dioxide capture system further includes a first pump body (90) connected to a first outlet (40), and / or the carbon dioxide capture system further includes a second pump body (100) disposed on the outlet pipe (60).

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