A structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies

Abstract

The application discloses a structural arrangement mode suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore body, which divides the ore body into panels as mining units, arranges an upper along-vein roadway (1) at the upper part of the panel, arranges a lower along-vein roadway (2) at the lower part of the panel, arranges a through-vein inclined roadway (3) to connect the upper along-vein roadway (1) and the lower along-vein roadway (2), arranges an upper entry flat roadway (4) in the ore body from the upper along-vein roadway (1) in sequence, and adopts horizontal blast hole (6) advancing type stoping, arranges a lower entry flat roadway (5) in the ore body from the lower along-vein roadway (2) in sequence, and adopts horizontal blast hole (6) advancing type stoping, arranges a downward blast hole (7) in the upper entry flat roadway (4) for retreating type stoping, and arranges an upward blast hole (9) in the lower entry flat roadway (5) for retreating type stoping. Ore transportation in each step of the method is completed in the flat roadway, the working efficiency of the shovel-truck is greatly improved, the risks such as overturning and side turning of the shovel-truck are reduced, and safe and efficient mining of the gently inclined medium-thick ore body is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and specifically relates to a structural arrangement method for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which can be widely used in underground mining of solid mines such as ferrous, chemical, nonferrous, gold, and coal mines. Background Art

[0002] Gently inclined, medium-thick ore bodies are those with a dip angle of 5 to 30 degrees and a thickness of 5 to 15 meters. These ore bodies are relatively common and account for a high proportion of proven mineral deposits worldwide. Due to their shallow dip angle, these ore bodies hinder the efficient use of mining equipment during the mining process. Furthermore, the high ceilings in underground stopes make it difficult to effectively implement support and rock drilling operations, severely limiting mine safety and quality.

[0003] Safe and efficient mining of gently inclined, medium-thick orebodies is a global challenge in the mining industry. The relatively gentle inclination of the orebodies presents two technical challenges: footwall ore drawing and stope roof management. First, the footwall inclination is less than the ore's natural angle of repose, preventing the complete release of collapsed ore by its own weight. This makes ore drawing difficult and the recovery of the triangular orebodies in the footwall difficult. Second, as the mining face advances, the exposed area of ​​the orebodies' hanging wall roof increases, leading to high stope roof heights and difficult stope roof management, making stope roof collapse accidents more likely. Currently, there is a lack of systematic theoretical and technical support for mining methods for gently inclined, medium-thick orebodies both domestically and internationally, and this remains a technical challenge hindering the safe, efficient, and economical mining of mines in my country.

[0004] For gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, since the inclination of the ore body is too gentle, the ore in the mining area cannot be discharged by its own weight, and electric rakes or scrapers are often used to transport the ore. For example, Chinese Patent 202121644569.3 discloses a mining structure for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, including a gently inclined mining service area with more than two layers, and more than three electric rake chambers are provided at the lower end of the mining service area, and the ore is transported by electric rakes. The electric rake is mainly used for short-distance scraping of various loose materials on the surface or underground, and consists of a scraper, a traction wire rope, a winch, a pulley, etc. The lower edge of the scraper has teeth that can be inserted into the ore or gangue pile; the winch pulls the scraper back and forth through two wire ropes to scrape the ore or waste rock. The use of electric rakes to transport ore has problems such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, easy damage to the electric rake track, and difficult maintenance. Therefore, it has been included in the restricted technology in the "Catalogue of Encouraged, Restricted and Eliminated Technologies for Mineral Resource Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization" (National Land and Resources Development

[2010] No. 146) by the former Ministry of Land and Resources.

[0005] The underground shovel loader has the advantages of high flexibility, wide activity range, high production capacity and low production cost, and has become the main conveying equipment in underground mining. However, when the shovel loader is used to convey ore in the inclined roadway, the slope of the driving line of the shovel loader is not more than 10-12% (5.7-6.8°), and the limit slope is generally 15% (8.5°). If the slope of the roadway is too large, the difficulty coefficient of the vehicle climbing will be increased, the working efficiency of the vehicle will be reduced, and there are risks of overturning and side turning.

[0006] In summary, there is no safe and efficient mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies at present. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a structure arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which improves the working efficiency of the shovel loader and reduces the risks of overturning and side turning.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present application, the structure arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies changes the traditional ore extraction inclined roadway to upper and lower entry flat roadways, and mines in four steps, each step of ore conveying is completed in the flat roadway, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the shovel loader and reduces the risks of overturning and side turning. The specific implementation is as follows:

[0009] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as a mining unit, arrange an upper along-vein roadway at the upper part of the panel, and arrange a lower along-vein roadway at the lower part of the panel;

[0010] 2) Arrange a through-vein inclined roadway in the adjacent area of each panel to connect the upper along-vein roadway and the lower along-vein roadway;

[0011] 3) Arrange an upper entry flat roadway into the ore body from the upper along-vein roadway, arrange horizontal blast hole fronting stoping in the upper entry flat roadway to the middle part of the ore body, and convey the mined ore by the shovel loader through the upper entry flat roadway; the horizontal blast hole has a diameter of 38-44 mm, a depth of 2-3 m, and a hole spacing of 0.9-1.4 m, under which parameters, the blasting efficiency is the highest, and the size and distribution of the blasted ore are relatively reasonable;

[0012] 4) Arrange a lower entry flat roadway into the ore body from the lower along-vein roadway, arrange horizontal blast hole fronting stoping in the lower entry flat roadway to the middle part of the ore body, and convey the mined ore by the shovel loader through the lower entry flat roadway; the horizontal blast hole has a diameter of 38-44 mm, a depth of 2-3 m, and a hole spacing of 0.9-1.4 m, which is optimal;

[0013] 5) In the upper approach roadway, arrange the backstop mining of the downward blast hole to the vicinity of the upper vein roadway; the ore after side collapse is transported out through the lower approach roadway; the downward blast hole has a diameter of 38-44 mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the bottom plate of the ore body, the blast hole spacing is 1.2-1.6 m, and the row spacing is 1.0-1.4 m; under this blast hole parameter, the blasting efficiency is the highest, and the size and distribution of the ore after blasting are relatively reasonable;

[0014] 6) In the lower approach roadway, arrange the backstop mining of the upward blast hole to the vicinity of the lower vein roadway; the ore after collapse is also transported out through the lower approach roadway; the upward blast hole has a diameter of 38-44 mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the top plate of the ore body, the blast hole spacing is 1.2-1.6 m, and the row spacing is 1.0-1.4 m;

[0015] 7) After the ore in the upper approach roadway and the lower approach roadway is completely transported, a retaining wall is built at the end of the upper approach roadway and the lower approach roadway respectively, filling is carried out, and a filling body is formed.

[0016] Preferably, the panel inclined length is 50-150 m, and the horizontal length is 50-200 m; the width of the upper approach roadway is 3-6 m, and the height is 3-6 m; the width of the lower approach roadway is 3-6 m, and the height is 3-6 m.

[0017] After the above technical scheme is adopted in the structural arrangement mode suitable for safe and efficient mining of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body, the following beneficial effects are obtained:

[0018] (1) The ore transportation in each step is carried out in the upper approach roadway or the lower approach roadway, which fundamentally solves the operation mode of the shovel-truck in the inclined roadway in the traditional mining mode, and greatly improves the working efficiency of the shovel-truck.

[0019] (2) In addition to the shovel-truck going up and down, it occasionally passes through the vein inclined roadway, and is in an empty state, which greatly reduces the risk of tipping and rolling of the shovel-truck.

[0020] (3) Since the working efficiency of the shovel-truck is greatly improved, the production capacity of the stope is improved by more than 50%, and the economic benefit is remarkable. DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a front view of the structural arrangement mode suitable for safe and efficient mining of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a position profile of the vein inclined roadway of the structural arrangement mode suitable for safe and efficient mining of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a step mining profile of the structural arrangement mode suitable for safe and efficient mining of a gently inclined medium-thick ore body. step mining profile.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Step mining cross-section diagram.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Step mining cross-section diagram.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Step mining cross-section diagram.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a structural cross-sectional view of a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies after filling is completed.

[0028] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-upper vein lane; 2-lower vein lane; 3-through-vein inclined lane; 4-upper access lane; 5-lower access lane; 6-horizontal blasthole; 7-downward blasthole; 8-ore; 9-upward blasthole; 10-retaining wall; 11-filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To better describe the present invention, a structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 The front view of the structural arrangement of the present invention is suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies and is combined with Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 It can be seen from the embodiment that the structural arrangement of the present invention, which is suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, is implemented by the following steps:

[0031] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, with an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; arrange an upper vein tunnel 1 in the upper part of the panel, and a lower vein tunnel 2 in the lower part of the panel (see Figure 1 );

[0032] 2) In the adjacent areas of each panel, a cross-vein inclined tunnel 3 is arranged to connect the upper vein tunnel 1 and the lower vein tunnel 2 (see Figure 2 );

[0033] 3) Arrange several routes in the panel area, each route is divided into and Four steps are exploited in turn:

[0034] Step: from the upper vein alley 1 to the ore body in turn arranged upper approach roadway 4, the width of the upper approach roadway 4 is 3-6m, the height is 3-6m; In the upper approach roadway 4, horizontal blast hole 6 is arranged in front of the recovery, and the recovered ore 8 is transported by shovel through the upper approach roadway 4 (see Figure 3 );

[0035] Step: from the lower vein alley 2 to the ore body in turn arranged lower approach roadway 5, the width of the lower approach roadway 5 is 3-6m, the height is 3-6m; In the lower approach roadway 5, horizontal blast hole 6 is arranged in front of the recovery, and the recovered ore 8 is transported by shovel through the lower approach roadway 5 (see Figure 4 );

[0036] Step: In the upper approach roadway 4, the downward blast hole 7 is arranged for back-off recovery to the vicinity of the upper vein alley 1, and the ore 8 after side collapse is transported by shovel through the lower approach roadway 5 (see Figure 5 );

[0037] Step: In the lower approach roadway 5, the upward blast hole 9 is arranged for back-off recovery to the vicinity of the lower vein alley 2, and the ore 8 after collapse is also transported through the lower approach roadway 5 (see Figure 6 );

[0038] 4) After the ore 8 in the upper approach roadway 4 and the lower approach roadway 5 is completely transported, the end of the upper approach roadway 4 and the lower approach roadway 5 is respectively built with a retaining wall 10, and filling is carried out to form a filling body 11 (see Figure 7 );

[0039] 5) Repeat Step, Step, Step, Step and 4) process, the remaining each approach is recovered and filled in turn.

[0040] In the example, the blast hole parameters are: the horizontal blast hole 6 has a diameter of 38-44mm, a hole depth of 2-3m, and a blast hole spacing of 0.9-1.4m; the downward blast hole 7 has a diameter of 38-44mm, a hole depth of 2-3m, a blast hole spacing of 1.2-1.6m, and a row spacing of 1.0-1.4m; the upward blast hole 9 has a diameter of 38-44mm, a hole depth of 2-3m, a blast hole spacing of 1.2-1.6m, and a row spacing of 1.0-1.4m. The specific size is determined according to the properties of the ore and rock at the position of the arranged blast hole, which not only has high blasting efficiency, but also has reasonable ore size and size distribution, and high shovel efficiency.

[0041] This invention has been successfully applied in several underground iron mines in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. Field verification shows that the efficiency of scrapers has been greatly improved, the production capacity of the mine has increased by 50%-60%, and the economic benefits are extremely significant, achieving unexpected technical and economic results.

[0042] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "middle", "right", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", etc. in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred parts or elements must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, characterized by The following technical solutions are implemented: 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, arrange an upper vein tunnel (1) in the upper part of the panel, and arrange a lower vein tunnel (2) in the lower part of the panel; 2) Arrange a cross-vein inclined tunnel (3) in adjacent areas of each panel area to connect the upper vein tunnel (1) and the lower vein tunnel (2); 3) Arranging upper approach lanes (4) from the upper vein lane (1) into the ore body in sequence, arranging horizontal blastholes (6) in the upper approach lanes (4) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body; the horizontal blastholes (6) have a diameter of 38 to 44 mm, a hole depth of 2 to 3 m, and a blasthole spacing of 0.9 to 1.4 m; 4) Arranging lower access lanes (5) from the lower vein lane (2) into the ore body in sequence, arranging horizontal blastholes (6) in the lower access lanes (5) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body; the horizontal blastholes (6) have a diameter of 38 to 44 mm, a hole depth of 2 to 3 m, and a blasthole spacing of 0.9 to 1.4 m; 5) Arrange downward blastholes (7) in the upper access lane (4) and withdraw in a backward manner to the vicinity of the upper vein lane (1); the ore (8) after the side collapse is transported out through the lower access lane (5); the diameter of the downward blastholes (7) is 38 to 44 mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the ore body bottom plate, the blasthole spacing is 1.2 to 1.6 m, and the row spacing is 1.0 to 1.4 m; 6) Arrange upward blastholes (9) in the lower access lane (5) and withdraw in a backward manner to the vicinity of the lower vein lane (2); the ore (8) after the collapse is also transported out through the lower access lane (5); the diameter of the upward blastholes (9) is 38 to 44 mm, the hole depth is required to pass through the ore body roof, the blasthole spacing is 1.2 to 1.6 m, and the row spacing is 1.0 to 1.4 m; 7) After all the ore (8) in the upper access lane (4) and the lower access lane (5) has been transported, retaining walls (10) are built at the ends of the upper access lane (4) and the lower access lane (5), respectively, and filling is performed to form a filling body (11).

2. The structural arrangement suitable for safe and efficient mining of gently inclined, medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The panel area has an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; the upper access lane (4) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m; the lower access lane (5) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m.

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