A safety monitoring method and system for construction areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety monitoring method and system for a construction area, and relates to the field of construction safety monitoring. The main scheme is: real-time collection of multiple types of data in the construction area; respectively calculating a safety helmet recognition index, an equipment failure risk index, a comprehensive health index and a comprehensive environmental safety index, and then obtaining a risk assessment value, and comparing it with a preset threshold to determine whether the construction area is in a risk state; calculating a monitoring area coverage ratio, and comparing it with a monitoring area coverage ratio threshold to determine whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement; calculating the unmonitored area ratio, and further obtaining a risk assessment index, and finally obtaining a construction efficiency index, and comparing it with a construction efficiency index threshold to determine the construction efficiency; this method can comprehensively evaluate the risks in the construction area, realize risk warning, optimize monitoring coverage, and ensure construction safety and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction safety monitoring, and in particular to a safety monitoring method and system for a construction area. Background Art

[0002] Safety is of vital importance in construction areas such as building construction and large-scale engineering construction. Construction areas often have complex environments and diverse work activities, which lead to many potential safety hazards in the construction process. If these safety hazards are not discovered and handled in time, they are likely to cause serious casualties and property losses. Therefore, effective construction area safety monitoring methods are the key to ensuring the smooth progress of construction.

[0003] At present, in order to ensure the safety of the construction area, the industry has adopted a variety of security monitoring technologies. Video monitoring of the construction area is achieved by installing fixed cameras at the construction site. This method uses the camera to shoot the construction area in real time, and the monitoring personnel can observe the construction situation by viewing the video screen in the monitoring room.

[0004] However, the existing construction area safety monitoring technology still has some shortcomings. First, the monitoring personnel need to stay in the monitoring room to observe the construction situation by watching the video screen. When the monitoring personnel are not there, monitoring is impossible. The existing technology is insufficient in integrating and analyzing multi-source data such as the construction environment, the health status of construction personnel, and the operating status of equipment, and it is impossible to comprehensively evaluate the safety status of the construction area; and when the coverage ratio of the monitoring area is insufficient, it cannot issue an early warning, which leads to the inability to fully and effectively guarantee construction safety during the construction process. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a safety monitoring method and system for construction areas, which collect multiple types of data from the construction area in real time; calculate the safety helmet recognition index, equipment failure risk index, comprehensive health index and comprehensive environmental safety index, and then obtain the risk assessment value, and compare the preset threshold to determine whether the construction area is in a risky state; calculate the coverage ratio of the monitoring area, and compare the preset threshold to determine whether the current coverage ratio of the monitoring area meets the requirements; calculate the proportion of unmonitored area, and further obtain the risk assessment index, and finally obtain the construction efficiency index, and compare the preset threshold to determine the construction efficiency, thereby solving the problems of incomplete monitoring, lack of early warning and poor real-time performance.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A safety monitoring method for a construction area, comprising:

[0009] Real-time collection of image and video data, equipment operation status data, construction personnel physiological status data, construction environment data and monitoring equipment data;

[0010] Calculate the helmet recognition index F based on image and video data; calculate the equipment comprehensive operation index SI based on the equipment operation status data; calculate the equipment failure risk index FCS based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI; calculate the cardiovascular pressure index CPI based on the construction personnel's physiological status data, and further obtain the comprehensive health index CHI; calculate the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI based on the construction environment data;

[0011] Calculate the risk assessment value MKI based on the helmet identification index F, the equipment failure risk index FCS, the comprehensive health index CHI and the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI; preset the risk assessment value threshold, compare the risk assessment value MKI with the risk assessment value threshold, and judge whether the construction area is in a risk state based on the result; when the construction area is in a risk state, issue a warning signal;

[0012] When the construction area is in a safe state, the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is calculated based on the risk assessment value MKI and the monitoring equipment data; the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold is preset, the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is compared with the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, and the result is used to determine whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement; if the current monitoring area coverage ratio does not meet the requirement, the early warning device is triggered;

[0013] If the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement, the unmonitored area ratio UCN is calculated based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN; the risk assessment index CRAI is calculated based on the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, and then the construction efficiency index RCD is calculated; the construction efficiency index threshold is preset, the construction efficiency index RCD is compared with the construction efficiency index threshold, and the construction efficiency is judged according to the result; if the construction efficiency is high, construction is carried out according to the construction plan; if the construction efficiency is low, a reminder message is sent immediately.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for safety monitoring of construction areas, the method for calculating the safety helmet identification index F is:

[0015] Image and video data include image resolution HF, number of helmets SF and personnel movement speed CL;

[0016] According to the image resolution HF, the number of helmets SF and the movement speed CL of personnel, the helmet recognition index F is calculated based on the formula:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, VF is the number of construction workers; LK is the light intensity; HC is the standard reference resolution; CB is the reference speed.

[0019] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for safety monitoring of a construction area, the method for calculating the equipment failure risk index FCS is:

[0020] Equipment operating status data includes power PI, current II, voltage UI, lubricating oil temperature TL, equipment operating noise level NI and generated heat QI;

[0021] According to the power PI, current II, voltage UI, lubricating oil temperature TL, equipment operation noise level NI and heat generated QI, the equipment comprehensive operation index SI is calculated. The calculation formula is:

[0022]

[0023] Among them, PN is the rated power of the equipment; IN is the rated current of the equipment; UN is the rated voltage of the equipment; TN is the rated temperature of the lubricating oil; NN is the rated noise level of the equipment; QN is the rated heat generation of the equipment; ω1 is the weight coefficient of power PI, which is 0.1~0.3; ω2 is the weight coefficient of current II, which is 0.2~0.4; ω3 is the weight coefficient of voltage UI, which is 0.3~0.4; ω4 is the weight coefficient of lubricating oil temperature TL, which is 0.1~0.3; ω5 is the weight coefficient of equipment operation noise level NI, which is 0.01~0.05; ω6 is the weight coefficient of heat generation QI, which is 0.01~0.05; and ω1+ω2+ω3+ω4+ω5+ω6=1;

[0024] Based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI, the equipment failure risk index FCS is calculated using the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, AI is the equipment aging factor; EI is the environmental impact factor.

[0027] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for safety monitoring of a construction area, the method for calculating the comprehensive health index CHI is:

[0028] The physiological status data of construction workers include heart rate HR, systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure DBP, respiratory rate RR and body surface temperature TR;

[0029] According to heart rate HR, systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP, the cardiovascular pressure index CPI is calculated using the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] Calculate the comprehensive health index CHI based on the heart rate HR, cardiovascular pressure index CPI, respiratory rate RR, and body surface temperature TR. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] where TRN is the average body surface temperature.

[0034] In the preferred solution of the above safety monitoring method for a construction area: The method for calculating the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI is as follows:

[0035] The construction environment data includes the environmental temperature TG, environmental humidity HG, environmental air pressure PG, and dust concentration DG;

[0036] Calculate the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI based on the environmental temperature TG, environmental humidity HG, environmental air pressure PG, and dust concentration DG. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] where μ is the adjustment coefficient.

[0039] In the preferred solution of the above safety monitoring method for a construction area: The method for determining whether the construction area is in a risk state is as follows:

[0040] Calculate the risk assessment value MKI based on the safety helmet identification index F, equipment failure risk index FCS, comprehensive health index CHI, and comprehensive environmental safety index CESI. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] where φ1 is the weight coefficient of the safety helmet identification index F, with a value range of 0.2 - 0.3; φ2 is the weight coefficient of the equipment failure risk index FCS, with a value range of 0.2 - 0.4; φ3 is the weight coefficient of the comprehensive health index CHI, with a value range of 0.3 - 0.4; φ4 is the weight coefficient of the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI, with a value range of 0.1 - 0.3; and φ1 + φ2 + φ3 + φ4 = 1;

[0043] The risk assessment value thresholds include the first risk assessment value threshold MKI1 and the second risk assessment value threshold MKI2, and MKI1 < MKI2;

[0044] When MKI ≤ MKI1, it is determined that the construction area is in a safe state;

[0045] When MKI1 < MKI ≤ MKI2, it is determined that the construction area is in a medium - risk state, and a first - level warning signal is issued;

[0046] When MKI>MKI2, the construction area is judged to be in a high-risk state and a second-level warning signal is issued.

[0047] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for safety monitoring of construction areas, the method for judging whether the coverage ratio of the current monitoring area meets the requirement is as follows:

[0048] The monitoring device data includes the movable distance SA, the initial turning angle θ0 and the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC;

[0049] When the construction area is in a safe state, the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is calculated based on the risk assessment value MKI, the movable distance SA, the initial turning angle θ0 and the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC. The formula is:

[0050]

[0051] Where A is the total area of ​​the construction area; s is the number of adjustments, which is a positive integer;

[0052] Preset monitoring area coverage ratio threshold CN th ; When CN <CN th When CN≥CN th When , it is judged that the coverage ratio of the current monitoring area meets the requirement.

[0053] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for safety monitoring of a construction area, the method for calculating the risk assessment index CRAI is:

[0054] If the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement, the unmonitored area ratio UCN is calculated based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN. The calculation formula is:

[0055]

[0056] According to the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, the risk assessment index CRAI is calculated using the following formula:

[0057]

[0058] Where t is the total construction time.

[0059] In the preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned method for safety monitoring of a construction area, the method for judging the construction efficiency is:

[0060] Based on the risk assessment index CRAI, the construction efficiency index RCD is calculated using the following formula:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, CRAI max is the maximum acceptable risk assessment index; PM is the construction progress; EM is the equipment utilization rate;

[0063] Preset construction efficiency index threshold RCD th ; When RCD <RCD th When RCD≥RCD th When the construction efficiency is low, a reminder message is sent immediately.

[0064] The present invention also discloses a safety monitoring system for a construction area, which is used to implement the above-mentioned safety monitoring method for a construction area, and comprises:

[0065] Data acquisition module, used to collect image and video data, equipment operation status data, construction personnel physiological status data, construction environment data and monitoring equipment data in real time;

[0066] The data analysis module is used to calculate the helmet recognition index F based on the image and video data; calculate the equipment comprehensive operation index SI based on the equipment operation status data; calculate the equipment failure risk index FCS based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI; calculate the cardiovascular pressure index CPI based on the construction personnel's physiological status data, and further obtain the comprehensive health index CHI; calculate the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI based on the construction environment data;

[0067] The alarm module is used to calculate the risk assessment value MKI according to the helmet identification index F, the equipment failure risk index FCS, the comprehensive health index CHI and the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI; preset the risk assessment value threshold, compare the risk assessment value MKI with the risk assessment value threshold, and judge whether the construction area is in a risk state according to the result; when the construction area is in a risk state, issue a warning signal;

[0068] The remote monitoring module is used to calculate the monitoring area coverage ratio CN according to the risk assessment value MKI and the monitoring equipment data when the construction area is in a safe state; preset the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, compare the monitoring area coverage ratio CN with the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, and judge whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirements according to the result; if the current monitoring area coverage ratio does not meet the requirements, trigger the early warning device;

[0069] The evaluation module is used to calculate the unmonitored area ratio UCN based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN if the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirements; calculate the risk assessment index CRAI according to the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, and then calculate the construction efficiency index RCD; preset the construction efficiency index threshold, compare the construction efficiency index RCD with the construction efficiency index threshold, and judge the construction efficiency according to the result; if the construction efficiency is high, carry out construction according to the construction plan; if the construction efficiency is low, send a reminder message immediately.

[0070] (III) Beneficial effects

[0071] The present invention provides a construction area safety monitoring method and system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0072] (1) Image and video data can intuitively present the distribution of personnel and equipment at the construction site; equipment operation status data can help to detect potential equipment failures in advance; construction personnel physiological status data can ensure the health and safety of personnel; construction environment data can prevent safety accidents caused by environmental factors; and monitoring equipment data can ensure the normal operation of the monitoring system itself.

[0073] (2) By calculating the helmet recognition index based on image and video data, it is possible to quickly and accurately determine whether construction workers are wearing helmets, thereby ensuring their safety. By calculating the equipment comprehensive operation index and equipment failure risk index based on equipment operation status data, it is possible to detect equipment failure risks in advance, conduct repairs and maintenance in a timely manner, and avoid construction delays and safety accidents caused by equipment failure. By calculating the cardiovascular stress index and comprehensive health index based on the physiological status data of construction workers, it is possible to detect physical discomfort of construction workers in a timely manner and ensure their physical health. By calculating the comprehensive environmental safety index based on construction environment data, it is possible to warn of environmental safety hazards in advance and ensure the safety of the construction environment.

[0074] (3) Calculate the risk assessment value and compare it with the preset threshold to determine whether the construction area is in a risky state. This method can comprehensively consider the impact of multiple factors on the safety of the construction area. When the construction area is in a risky state, an early warning signal is issued, and timely measures can be taken to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents.

[0075] (4) Calculate the monitoring area coverage ratio of the monitoring equipment and compare it with the corresponding threshold to ensure the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of the monitoring system. If the current monitoring area coverage ratio does not meet the requirements, the early warning device will be triggered. This can ensure that every corner of the construction area is within the monitoring range and prevent safety problems caused by blind spots in monitoring.

[0076] (5) The proportion of unmonitored area is calculated based on the coverage ratio of the monitored area, and the construction efficiency index is further calculated based on the risk assessment value. The construction efficiency is then judged by comparing it with the preset threshold. This method can comprehensively consider the impact of construction safety and monitoring coverage on construction efficiency, which helps to optimize the construction process and improve construction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the steps of a method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to the present invention;

[0078] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of step 3 in a method for safety monitoring of a construction area of ​​the present invention;

[0079] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a safety monitoring system for a construction area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0081] See also Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a safety monitoring method for a construction area, comprising:

[0082] Step 1: Collect image and video data, equipment operation status data, construction personnel physiological status data, construction environment data and monitoring equipment data in real time.

[0083] Comprehensive step one:

[0084] Image and video data can intuitively present the construction scene, making it easy to find safety hazards and construction problems in a timely manner. Equipment operation status data can help predict equipment failures in advance and ensure smooth construction. Construction personnel's physiological status data can ensure the health and safety of personnel. Construction environment data can enable construction parties to understand environmental changes and adjust construction strategies in a timely manner. Monitoring equipment data can help optimize the monitoring system, ensure its efficient operation, and comprehensively improve the safety and efficiency of construction.

[0085] Step 2: Calculate the helmet recognition index F based on the image and video data; calculate the equipment comprehensive operation index SI based on the equipment operation status data; calculate the equipment failure risk index FCS based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI; calculate the cardiovascular pressure index CPI based on the construction personnel's physiological status data, and further obtain the comprehensive health index CHI; calculate the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI based on the construction environment data.

[0086] Step 201: The method for calculating the helmet identification index F is:

[0087] The image and video data include image resolution HF, number of helmets SF and personnel movement speed CL.

[0088] It should be noted that the image resolution HF can be obtained by searching the setting interface or product manual of the high-definition camera.

[0089] To obtain the number of hard hats SF, the Canny edge detection algorithm is used to detect the edge of the image or video frame to obtain the edge information of the image. The Hough transform method is used to perform shape analysis on the edge information to find a circle or ellipse that meets the shape of the hard hat. The detected area that meets the shape feature is verified, and the number of valid hard hat shapes is counted to obtain the number of hard hats SF.

[0090] Obtain the movement speed CL of the personnel, and detect the position change of the construction personnel in adjacent frames by using the image difference algorithm. Calculate the movement speed CL of the construction personnel based on the frame rate of the video and the displacement of the construction personnel in adjacent frames. For example, if the video frame rate is 30 frames / second, the displacement of the personnel in adjacent frames is 10 pixels, and each pixel represents an actual distance of 0.1 meters, then the movement speed CL of the personnel = (10 × 0.1) × 30 = 30 meters / second.

[0091] According to the image resolution HF, the number of helmets SF and the movement speed CL of personnel, the helmet recognition index F is calculated based on the formula:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, VF is the number of construction workers; LK is the light intensity; HC is the standard reference resolution; CB is the reference speed.

[0094] It should be noted that to obtain the number of construction workers VF, the construction workers in the image or video are automatically detected through the FasterR-CNN image recognition technology to obtain the number of construction workers VF.

[0095] Obtain the light intensity LK by installing a light intensity sensor in the construction area to directly measure the light intensity in the environment to obtain the light intensity LK.

[0096] Obtain the standard reference resolution HC. You can directly obtain the standard reference resolution HC by viewing the camera's product manual.

[0097] Obtain a reference speed CB, and measure the moving speed of the construction workers in normal working conditions multiple times to calculate the average speed as the reference speed CB.

[0098] It should be noted that the item of the number of hard hats SF divided by the number of construction workers VF represents the ratio of the number of hard hats to the number of construction workers. This item reflects the situation of construction workers wearing hard hats within the monitoring range. If SF≥VF, the value of this item is ≥1, indicating that all construction workers are wearing hard hats; conversely, if SF is less than VF, it means that there are construction workers who are not wearing hard hats. The item (1-LK) indicates that the lower the light intensity, the smaller the negative impact on the recognition index. Excessive light will cause the image to be overexposed, affecting the accurate recognition of the hard hat area. The item of the standard reference resolution HC divided by the image resolution HF shows that if the image resolution HF is higher than the standard reference resolution HC, the ratio is less than 1, indicating that the higher the image resolution, the more conducive to recognition, and has a positive effect on the recognition index of the hard hat. The movement speed CL of the person will cause motion blur in the image, affecting the recognition accuracy. When the person moves faster, the greater the ratio of the actual person movement speed to the reference speed, the greater the negative impact on the recognition index. This formula calculates the helmet recognition index by comprehensively considering factors such as the ratio of the number of helmets to the number of construction workers, light intensity, image resolution, and the speed of personnel movement.

[0099] Step 202: The method for calculating the equipment failure risk index FCS is:

[0100] The equipment operation status data includes power PI, current II, voltage UI, lubricating oil temperature TL, equipment operation noise level NI and generated heat QI.

[0101] It should be noted that by installing power sensors, current transformers and voltage transformers on the construction equipment, the power PI, current II and voltage UI of the construction equipment can be directly measured. By installing a temperature sensor in the lubricating oil circuit of the construction equipment, the lubricating oil temperature TL can be directly measured. By installing microphones around the construction equipment and using a sound level meter to process the sound signal, the equipment operation noise level NI can be obtained. By installing a heat sensor on the heat dissipation part of the construction equipment, the heat dissipation can be directly measured to obtain the generated heat QI.

[0102] According to the power PI, current II, voltage UI, lubricating oil temperature TL, equipment operation noise level NI and heat generated QI, the equipment comprehensive operation index SI is calculated. The calculation formula is:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, PN is the rated power of the equipment; IN is the rated current of the equipment; UN is the rated voltage of the equipment; TN is the rated temperature of the lubricating oil; NN is the rated noise level of the equipment; QN is the rated heat generation of the equipment; ω1 is the weight coefficient of power PI, which is 0.1~0.3; ω2 is the weight coefficient of current II, which is 0.2~0.4; ω3 is the weight coefficient of voltage UI, which is 0.3~0.4; ω4 is the weight coefficient of lubricating oil temperature TL, which is 0.1~0.3; ω5 is the weight coefficient of equipment operation noise level NI, which is 0.01~0.05; ω6 is the weight coefficient of heat generation QI, which is 0.01~0.05; and ω1+ω2+ω3+ω4+ω5+ω6=1.

[0105] It should be noted that by checking the technical specifications or equipment manuals of the construction equipment, the equipment rated power PN, equipment rated current IN, equipment rated voltage UN, lubricating oil rated temperature TN, equipment rated noise level NN and equipment rated heat generation QN can be directly obtained.

[0106] It should be noted that this formula comprehensively considers six important parameters: power PI, current II, voltage UI, lubricating oil temperature TL, equipment operating noise level NI, and heat generated QI. By normalizing the actual measured values ​​by the equipment rated values, the parameters of different dimensions can be unified into a comparable range, which is convenient for comprehensive evaluation. Each ratio of the actual measured value to the equipment rated value has a corresponding weight coefficient, which indicates the importance of the ratio of different actual measured values ​​to the equipment rated value when calculating the equipment comprehensive operation index SI. By multiplying the ratio of each actual measured value to the equipment rated value by its corresponding weight coefficient and then summing them, a comprehensive equipment operation index SI that can fully describe the construction equipment is obtained.

[0107] Based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI, the equipment failure risk index FCS is calculated using the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, AI is the equipment aging factor; EI is the environmental impact factor.

[0110] It should be noted that the equipment aging factor AI is obtained because the equipment will gradually age during long-term operation due to wear of internal components, fatigue of materials, and other reasons. This aging will cause the performance of the equipment to decline and the risk of failure to increase. For example, bearings, gears and other components will wear out after long-term operation, resulting in increased vibration and reduced precision of the equipment. After being powered on for a long time, electronic components will experience performance degradation, such as changes in the capacity of capacitors and changes in the resistance of resistors. At this time, an equipment aging factor AI is introduced to reflect the impact of equipment aging on construction equipment. According to the design service life TF of the equipment and the current running time TS, the equipment aging factor AI = TS / TF is obtained.

[0111] Obtaining the environmental impact factor EI, because different environmental conditions will have a significant impact on the operation and life of construction equipment. For example, a high temperature environment will cause the equipment to overheat, accelerate the aging of electronic components, and reduce the performance and reliability of the equipment. A low temperature environment makes some materials brittle and affects the mechanical properties of the equipment. At this time, an environmental impact factor EI is introduced to reflect the impact of the environment on the construction equipment. By installing environmental monitoring equipment such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and dust sensors near the equipment, environmental parameter data can be obtained in real time. For each environmental parameter, a safe range is set. For example, for the temperature parameter, the temperature is in the ideal range of 20 to 30 degrees, and 0 points are assigned within this range. When the temperature is higher than 30 degrees, 3 points are added for every increase of 5 degrees; when the temperature is lower than 20 degrees, 2 points are added for every decrease of 5 degrees. For the humidity parameter, the humidity is in the ideal range of 40% to 60%, and 0 points are assigned within this range. When the humidity is higher than 60%, 3 points are added for every increase of 10%; when the humidity is lower than 40%, 2 points are added for every decrease of 10%. Add the scores of all environmental parameters and divide them by the number of parameters to obtain the environmental impact factor EI.

[0112] It should be noted that SI is a comprehensive quantification of the current operating status of the equipment. AI takes into account the aging of the equipment. As the equipment is used for a longer time, the internal components of the equipment will wear and age, resulting in reduced equipment performance and increased risk of failure. The value of AI will increase with the aging of the equipment. EI reflects the impact of the environment in which the equipment is located on its operation. Harsh environmental conditions, such as high temperature, high humidity, and high dust, will accelerate equipment damage and increase the risk of failure. For example, in a high temperature environment, the heat dissipation of the equipment becomes more difficult, leading to overheating failures; in a high humidity environment, the equipment faces corrosion problems. The equipment failure risk index FCS is obtained by multiplying SI, AI, and EI.

[0113] Step 203: The method for calculating the comprehensive health index CHI is:

[0114] The physiological status data of construction workers include heart rate HR, systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure DBP, respiratory rate RR and body surface temperature TR.

[0115] It should be noted that by wearing a smart bracelet containing a heart rate sensor, the heart rate HR is measured using photoplethysmography. An electronic sphygmomanometer is used to directly obtain systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP. By wearing a smart vest containing a respiratory sensor, the respiratory rate RR is measured by detecting the ups and downs of the chest. An infrared thermometer is used to directly measure the body surface temperature TR.

[0116] According to heart rate HR, systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP, the cardiovascular pressure index CPI is calculated using the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] It should be noted that the formula combines heart rate HR, systolic blood pressure SBP and diastolic blood pressure DBP, and obtains the cardiovascular stress index by multiplying the heart rate HR and dividing by 100. This index comprehensively considers the heart's pumping frequency and the pressure exerted on the blood vessel wall each time it pumps blood, thereby reflecting the overall stress status of the cardiovascular system.

[0119] According to heart rate HR, cardiovascular pressure index CPI, respiratory rate RR and body surface temperature TR, the comprehensive health index CHI is calculated using the following formula:

[0120]

[0121] TRN is the mean body surface temperature.

[0122] It should be noted that to obtain the mean surface temperature TRN, an infrared thermometer is used to measure the surface temperature of an individual at different time points, such as at 8 a.m., 12 p.m., 4 p.m., and 8 p.m. every day for 3 to 7 consecutive days. All measured surface temperature values ​​are added together and then divided by the number of measurements to obtain the mean surface temperature TRN. For example, if the measurement is performed for 5 days, 4 times a day, for a total of 20 measurements, the TRN is obtained by adding these 20 values ​​and dividing by 20.

[0123] It should be noted that the cardiovascular stress index CPI reflects the stress status of the cardiovascular system. A higher CPI value indicates that the cardiovascular system is under greater pressure. The square of the heart rate HR divided by the respiratory rate RR indicates that the higher the heart rate, the greater the impact on the comprehensive health index. The difference between the body surface temperature and the body temperature regulation index reflects the body temperature regulation of the human body. Under normal circumstances, the human body can maintain a stable body temperature through its own regulatory mechanism. If the difference between TR and TRN is large, it means that there is a problem with the body temperature regulation function of the human body. By combining the above items in the form of square roots, the comprehensive health index CHI is obtained.

[0124] Step 204: The method for calculating the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI is:

[0125] The construction environment data include ambient temperature TG, ambient humidity HG, ambient air pressure PG and dust concentration DG.

[0126] It should be noted that by placing temperature sensors and humidity sensors in the construction area, the ambient temperature TG and ambient humidity HG are directly measured and obtained. By using a mercury barometer placed in the construction area, the ambient air pressure PG is obtained. By placing a dust concentration detector in the construction area, the light scattering method is used to measure the scattering intensity of dust particles to light in real time to obtain the dust concentration DG.

[0127] According to the ambient temperature TG, ambient humidity HG, ambient air pressure PG and dust concentration DG, the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI is calculated using the following formula:

[0128]

[0129] Among them, μ is the adjustment coefficient, which ranges from 0 to 1.

[0130] It should be noted that the adjustment coefficient μ is obtained because different construction environments have unique geographical, climatic and physical characteristics, which will affect the calculation of the environmental safety index. At this time, an adjustment coefficient μ with a value of 0~1 is introduced to adjust the impact of different construction environments on the safety of the construction area. For example, by collecting historical environmental data and safety accident records of construction sites, it is found that there is a strong positive correlation between dust concentration and the incidence of safety accidents. After analyzing the relationship between dust concentration and accident incidence, when the dust concentration is set to 30mg / m³, μ is taken as 0, and for every increase of 10mg / m³, the value of μ increases by 0.1, so as to determine the adjustment coefficient μ.

[0131] It should be noted that the ambient temperature TG has a direct impact on the comprehensive environmental safety index. Too high or too low temperatures will cause discomfort to construction workers and easily lead to safety accidents. The multiplication of ambient humidity HG and ambient temperature TG shows that the impact of humidity on the comprehensive environmental safety index is related to temperature. In a high humidity environment, it is difficult for the human body to dissipate heat and it is easy to feel stuffy; in a low humidity environment, static electricity is easy to generate. The ambient air pressure PG indicates that the higher the air pressure, the greater the positive impact on the comprehensive environmental safety index. The dust concentration DG indicates that the higher the dust concentration, the greater the negative impact on the comprehensive environmental safety index. The adjustment coefficient μ is adjusted according to the specific construction environment and needs. This formula aims to provide a quantitative comprehensive environmental safety assessment method by comprehensively considering environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, air pressure and dust concentration, and introducing adjustment coefficients.

[0132] Comprehensive steps 201 to 204:

[0133] The helmet identification index helps ensure the safety of construction workers' heads, promptly detects violations such as not wearing helmets, and reduces head injury accidents. The equipment comprehensive operation index and equipment failure risk index can provide early warning of equipment failures, ensure the normal operation of equipment, and avoid construction delays and safety accidents caused by equipment failures. The cardiovascular stress index and comprehensive health index can focus on the health status of construction workers. The comprehensive environmental safety index can conduct a comprehensive assessment of the construction environment, ensure the safety and suitability of the construction environment, and ensure the smooth construction process and the safety and health of personnel from multiple aspects.

[0134] Step 3: Calculate the risk assessment value MKI based on the helmet identification index F, the equipment failure risk index FCS, the comprehensive health index CHI and the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI; preset the risk assessment value threshold, compare the risk assessment value MKI with the risk assessment value threshold, and determine whether the construction area is in a risky state based on the result; when the construction area is in a risky state, issue a warning signal.

[0135] Step 301: The method for calculating the risk assessment value MKI is:

[0136] According to the helmet identification index F, equipment failure risk index FCS, comprehensive health index CHI and comprehensive environmental safety index CESI, the risk assessment value MKI is calculated. The calculation formula is:

[0137]

[0138] Among them, φ1 is the weight coefficient of the helmet identification index F, which is 0.2~0.3; φ2 is the weight coefficient of the equipment failure risk index FCS, which is 0.2~0.4; φ3 is the weight coefficient of the comprehensive health index CHI, which is 0.3~0.4; φ4 is the weight coefficient of the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI, which is 0.1~0.3; and φ1+φ2+φ3+φ4=1.

[0139] It should be noted that this formula comprehensively considers four important parameters: helmet identification index F, equipment failure risk index FCS, comprehensive health index CHI and comprehensive environmental safety index CESI. Each parameter has a corresponding weight coefficient, which indicates the importance of different parameters when calculating the risk assessment value MKI. By multiplying each parameter with its corresponding weight coefficient and then summing them, a risk assessment value MKI that can fully describe the construction area is obtained.

[0140] Step 302: The method for determining whether the construction area is in a risk state is:

[0141] Preset risk assessment value threshold; The risk assessment value threshold includes risk assessment value threshold one MKI1 and risk assessment value threshold two MKI2, and MKI1 < MKI2; By statistically analyzing a large number of accident data in past construction areas, classifying and sorting these accident data, and analyzing the corresponding risk assessment values when accidents occurred. When the risk assessment value is lower than a certain value, the accident incidence rate is extremely low, and this value is used as risk assessment value threshold one MKI1; For example, when the risk assessment value is lower than 20, only 2 accidents occurred in these 100 construction areas, and the accident incidence rate is 2%, then this value 20 is used as risk assessment value threshold one MKI1. And when the risk assessment value is higher than another value, the accident incidence rate increases significantly, and this value is used as risk assessment threshold two MKI2; For example, when the risk assessment value is higher than 60, 30 accidents occurred in these 100 construction areas, and the accident incidence rate is 30%, then this value 60 is used as risk assessment threshold two MKI2.

[0142] Step 303: When MKI ≤ MKI1, it is judged that the construction area is in a safe state;

[0143] When MKI1 < MKI ≤ MKI2, it is judged that the construction area is in a medium-risk state, and a first-level warning signal is issued; The warning lights at the construction site turn on yellow lights and emit intermittent low-frequency alarm sounds, which sound once every 10 seconds and last for 2 seconds each time.

[0144] When MKI > MKI2, it is judged that the construction area is in a high-risk state, and a second-level warning signal is issued; The warning lights at the construction site turn on red lights and emit continuous high-frequency alarm sounds.

[0145] Combining Step 301 to Step 303:

[0146] By comprehensively evaluating risks through the safety helmet recognition index, equipment failure risk index, comprehensive health index, and comprehensive environmental safety index, it can comprehensively and accurately reflect the actual safety status of the construction area. Comparing with the preset thresholds can timely detect the risk status. Once the construction area is in a risk state, a warning signal is issued, and corresponding measures can be taken quickly to effectively avoid the occurrence of safety accidents and ensure the smooth progress of the construction.

[0147] Step Four: When the construction area is in a safe state, calculate the monitoring area coverage ratio CN based on the risk assessment value MKI and the monitoring equipment data; Preset the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, compare the monitoring area coverage ratio CN with the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, and judge whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirements according to the result; If the current monitoring area coverage ratio does not meet the requirements, trigger the warning device.

[0148] Step 401: The method for calculating the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is:

[0149] The monitoring device data includes the movable distance SA, the initial turning angle θ0 and the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC.

[0150] It should be noted that the movable distance SA of the device itself can be obtained by consulting the technical manual or product manual of the monitoring device. The initial steering angle θ0 can be obtained by viewing the setting interface or operation panel of the monitoring device. The coverage map of the monitoring device can be obtained by viewing the technical manual of the monitoring device. According to the plan of the construction area, the area that can be covered by the initial position and direction of the monitoring device is marked on the drawing to obtain the initial coverage area a of the monitoring device, and compared with the total area of ​​the construction area to obtain the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC. For example, based on the total area A of the construction area and the initial coverage area a of the monitoring device, the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC=a÷A is calculated.

[0151] When the construction area is in a safe state, the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is calculated based on the risk assessment value MKI, the movable distance SA, the initial turning angle θ0 and the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC. The formula is:

[0152]

[0153] Where A is the total area of ​​the construction area; s is the number of adjustments, which is a positive integer.

[0154] It should be noted that the total area A of the construction area is obtained by obtaining high-resolution satellite images of the construction area, processing the satellite images using GIS technology, and determining the boundaries of the construction area through image recognition and coordinate positioning technology. The GIS software will automatically calculate the area A of the construction area based on the boundary coordinates.

[0155] Obtain the number of adjustment times s. Each time the monitoring device performs a moving or turning operation, the number of times the operation occurs is recorded. The number of adjustment times s can be obtained through the operation record of the monitoring device.

[0156] It should be noted that the term SA×sinθ0 represents the monitoring coverage area that can be increased by moving and turning. The number of adjustments s represents the number of times this moving and turning operation is repeated. Each operation will increase a certain coverage area according to the movable distance and the turning angle. The higher the risk assessment value MKI, the greater the risk of the construction area, and a wider monitoring coverage is required. Therefore, the risk assessment value is proportional to the monitoring area coverage ratio. The larger the risk assessment value, the greater the increase in the monitoring area coverage ratio. The total area of ​​the construction area A serves as the denominator in the formula and plays a normalization role. It converts the coverage area increased by moving and turning into a ratio relative to the entire construction area, and then adds it to the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC on the same scale to obtain the final monitoring area coverage ratio CN.

[0157] Step 402: The method for determining whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement is as follows:

[0158] Preset monitoring area coverage ratio threshold CN th By collecting historical monitoring data and corresponding accident records of multiple similar construction projects and conducting statistical analysis on these data, it is found that in past projects, when the monitoring area coverage ratio is lower than a certain value, the accident rate increases significantly. For example, when the rate increases to 50%, this value is used as the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold CN. th .

[0159] When CN <CN th When CN≥CN th When , it is judged that the coverage ratio of the current monitoring area meets the requirement.

[0160] Comprehensive step 401~step 402:

[0161] By calculating the coverage ratio of the monitoring area, monitoring resources can be scientifically deployed to ensure that the construction area is monitored reasonably and effectively. By presetting thresholds and making comparisons, blind spots or insufficient coverage can be discovered in a timely manner, and the triggering warning device can respond quickly to avoid safety accidents caused by inadequate monitoring and ensure the smooth progress of the construction process.

[0162] Step 5: If the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement, calculate the unmonitored area ratio UCN based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN; calculate the risk assessment index CRAI based on the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, and then calculate the construction efficiency index RCD; preset the construction efficiency index threshold, compare the construction efficiency index RCD with the construction efficiency index threshold, and judge the construction efficiency based on the result; if the construction efficiency is high, carry out construction according to the construction plan; if the construction efficiency is low, send a reminder message immediately.

[0163] Step 501: The method for calculating the risk assessment index CRAI is:

[0164] If the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement, the unmonitored area ratio UCN is calculated based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN. The calculation formula is:

[0165]

[0166] According to the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, the risk assessment index CRAI is calculated using the following formula:

[0167]

[0168] Where t is the total construction time.

[0169] It should be noted that to obtain the total construction time t, the construction project's commencement report is found and the commencement time is recorded; the construction project's completion report is found and the completion time is recorded, and the total construction time t is obtained by subtracting the commencement time from the completion time.

[0170] It should be noted that the proportion of unmonitored area UCN directly reflects the part of the construction area that is not covered by monitoring. The larger the proportion of unmonitored area, the more potential risk areas there are, and the greater the contribution to the risk assessment index. The risk assessment value MKI reflects the overall risk status of the construction area. The higher the risk assessment value, the greater the risk of the construction area, which in turn leads to an increase in the risk assessment index. The total area A of the construction area acts as a multiplier, which makes the risk assessment index related to the size of the construction area. The larger the area, the larger the risk assessment index will be when other conditions are the same. The total construction time t divided by the number of adjustments s reflects that the longer the total construction time is, the higher the risk assessment index will be when the number of adjustments is constant.

[0171] Step 502: The method for calculating the construction efficiency index RCD is:

[0172] Based on the risk assessment index CRAI, the construction efficiency index RCD is calculated using the following formula:

[0173]

[0174] Among them, CRAI max is the maximum acceptable risk assessment index; PM is the construction progress; EM is the equipment utilization rate, which ranges from 0 to 1.

[0175] It should be noted that the maximum acceptable risk assessment index CRAI is obtained maxBy collecting historical risk assessment data and corresponding accident records of multiple similar construction projects, statistical analysis is performed on these data; when it is found that the risk assessment index is lower than a certain value, the accident rate is significantly reduced, and this value is used as the maximum acceptable risk assessment index CRAI max .

[0176] Get the construction progress PM by determining the number of tasks in the construction plan and the estimated start and finish time of each task; regularly check the actual construction situation and record the actual start and finish time of each task. Calculate the construction progress based on the ratio of the actual number of completed tasks to the planned number of tasks. For example, if there are 100 tasks planned and 30 tasks have been completed, then the construction progress PM = 30 ÷ 100 = 0.3.

[0177] To obtain the equipment utilization rate EM, install a timer on the construction equipment, record the actual operation time of the equipment, and obtain the available operation time of the equipment in the same time period. Divide the actual operation time of the equipment by the available operation time of the equipment in the same time period to obtain the equipment utilization rate EM. For example, if a piece of equipment actually runs for 80 hours in a week, and the available operation time in a week is 168 hours, then the equipment utilization rate EM = 80 ÷ 168 = 0.476.

[0178] It should be noted that 1 minus the risk assessment index CRAI is equal to the maximum acceptable risk assessment index CRAI. max This item reflects the impact of the risk assessment index on the construction efficiency index. When CRAI=0, that is, there is no risk, the value of this item is 1, which has the greatest positive contribution to the construction efficiency index. max When the value of this item is 0, it means that the risk reaches the maximum acceptable level. Construction progress PM means that the faster the construction progress, the higher the construction efficiency index. Equipment utilization rate EM means that the higher the equipment utilization rate, the greater the positive contribution to the construction efficiency index. In general, this formula calculates the construction efficiency index by comprehensively considering factors such as risk assessment index, construction progress and equipment utilization rate. .

[0179] Step 503: The method for determining the construction efficiency is:

[0180] Preset construction efficiency index threshold RCD th; By collecting historical data of multiple similar construction projects, including the construction efficiency index of each project and the actual execution of the project. Statistical analysis of these data, if it is found that when the construction efficiency index is lower than a certain value, 90% of the projects can proceed smoothly as planned, and when the construction efficiency index is higher than this value, the project often has problems such as progress delays and cost overruns, then this value is used as the construction efficiency index threshold RCD th .

[0181] When RCD <RCD th When RCD≥RCD th When the construction efficiency is low, it is judged that the construction efficiency is low and a reminder message is sent immediately; a voice reminder is broadcast through the broadcasting system at the construction site, saying "Please note that the current construction efficiency is low. Please ask each construction team to check the construction progress and resource utilization."

[0182] Comprehensive steps 501 to 503:

[0183] This method can accurately grasp the monitoring coverage of the construction area and ensure construction safety. By comparing with the preset threshold, construction efficiency problems can be discovered in a timely manner. When the efficiency is high, construction is carried out according to the plan to ensure the construction progress; when the efficiency is low, reminders are sent, and measures can be taken quickly to adjust the construction process, avoid waste of resources, and improve the overall construction quality and efficiency.

[0184] Please see attached Figure 3 On the other hand, the present invention also discloses a safety monitoring system for a construction area, which is used to implement the above-mentioned safety monitoring method for a construction area, comprising:

[0185] Data acquisition module, used to collect image and video data, equipment operation status data, construction personnel physiological status data, construction environment data and monitoring equipment data in real time;

[0186] The data analysis module is used to calculate the helmet recognition index F based on the image and video data; calculate the equipment comprehensive operation index SI based on the equipment operation status data; calculate the equipment failure risk index FCS based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI; calculate the cardiovascular pressure index CPI based on the construction personnel's physiological status data, and further obtain the comprehensive health index CHI; calculate the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI based on the construction environment data;

[0187] The alarm module is used to calculate the risk assessment value MKI according to the helmet identification index F, the equipment failure risk index FCS, the comprehensive health index CHI and the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI; preset the risk assessment value threshold, compare the risk assessment value MKI with the risk assessment value threshold, and judge whether the construction area is in a risk state according to the result; when the construction area is in a risk state, issue a warning signal;

[0188] The remote monitoring module is used to calculate the monitoring area coverage ratio CN according to the risk assessment value MKI and the monitoring equipment data when the construction area is in a safe state; preset the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, compare the monitoring area coverage ratio CN with the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, and judge whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirements according to the result; if the current monitoring area coverage ratio does not meet the requirements, trigger the early warning device;

[0189] The evaluation module is used to calculate the unmonitored area ratio UCN based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN if the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirements; calculate the risk assessment index CRAI according to the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, and then calculate the construction efficiency index RCD; preset the construction efficiency index threshold, compare the construction efficiency index RCD with the construction efficiency index threshold, and judge the construction efficiency according to the result; if the construction efficiency is high, carry out construction according to the construction plan; if the construction efficiency is low, send a reminder message immediately.

[0190] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. A person of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in electronic hardware or in combination with computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0191] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0192] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A safety monitoring method for a construction area, characterized in that: include: Real-time collection of image and video data, equipment operation status data, construction personnel physiological status data, construction environment data and monitoring equipment data; Calculate the helmet recognition index F based on image and video data; calculate the equipment comprehensive operation index SI based on equipment operation status data; Based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI, the equipment failure risk index FCS is calculated; based on the construction personnel's physiological status data, the cardiovascular pressure index CPI is calculated, and the comprehensive health index CHI is further obtained; based on the construction environment data, the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI is calculated; The risk assessment value MKI is calculated based on the helmet identification index F, the equipment failure risk index FCS, the comprehensive health index CHI and the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI; Preset a risk assessment value threshold, compare the risk assessment value MKI with the risk assessment value threshold, and determine whether the construction area is in a risk state based on the result; When the construction area is in a risky state, an early warning signal is issued; When the construction area is in a safe state, the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is calculated based on the risk assessment value MKI and the monitoring equipment data; the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold is preset, the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is compared with the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, and the result is used to determine whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement; If the coverage ratio of the current monitoring area does not meet the requirements, the early warning device is triggered; If the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement, the unmonitored area ratio UCN is calculated based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN; According to the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, the risk assessment index CRAI is calculated, and then the construction efficiency index RCD is calculated; A construction efficiency index threshold is preset, and the construction efficiency index RCD is compared with the construction efficiency index threshold. The construction efficiency is judged according to the result. If the construction efficiency is high, construction is carried out according to the construction plan. If the construction efficiency is low, a reminder message is sent immediately.

2. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for calculating the helmet identification index F is: Image and video data include image resolution HF, number of helmets SF and personnel movement speed CL; According to the image resolution HF, the number of helmets SF and the movement speed CL of personnel, the helmet recognition index F is calculated based on the formula: Among them, VF is the number of construction workers; LK is the light intensity; HC is the standard reference resolution; CB is the reference speed.

3. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for calculating the equipment failure risk index FCS is: Equipment operating status data includes power PI, current II, voltage UI, lubricating oil temperature TL, equipment operating noise level NI and generated heat QI; According to the power PI, current II, voltage UI, lubricating oil temperature TL, equipment operation noise level NI and heat generated QI, the equipment comprehensive operation index SI is calculated. The calculation formula is: Wherein, PN is the rated power of the device; IN is the rated current of the device; UN is the rated voltage of the device; TN is the rated temperature of the lubricating oil; NN is the rated noise level of the device; QN is the rated heat generation of the device; ω1 is the weight coefficient of power PI, with a value ranging from 0.1 to 0.3; ω2 is the weight coefficient of current II, with a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.4; ω3 is the weight coefficient of voltage UI, with a value ranging from 0.3 to 0.4; ω4 is the weight coefficient of the lubricating oil temperature TL, with a value ranging from 0.1 to 0.3; ω5 is the weight coefficient of the operating noise level NI of the device, with a value ranging from 0.01 to 0.05; ω6 is the weight coefficient of the generated heat QI, with a value ranging from 0.01 to 0.05; and ω1 + ω2 + ω3 + ω4 + ω5 + ω6 = 1; Based on the comprehensive operation index SI of the device, calculate the device failure risk index FCS, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, AI is the device aging factor; EI is the environmental impact factor.

4. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method for calculating the comprehensive health index CHI is: The physiological state data of construction workers includes heart rate HR, systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure DBP, respiratory rate RR, and body surface temperature TR; According to the heart rate HR, systolic blood pressure SBP, and diastolic blood pressure DBP, calculate the cardiovascular pressure index CPI, and the calculation formula is: According to the heart rate HR, cardiovascular pressure index CPI, respiratory rate RR, and body surface temperature TR, calculate the comprehensive health index CHI, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, TRN is the average value of the body surface temperature.

5. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for calculating the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI is: The construction environment data includes environmental temperature TG, environmental humidity HG, environmental air pressure PG, and dust concentration DG; According to the environmental temperature TG, environmental humidity HG, environmental air pressure PG, and dust concentration DG, calculate the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, μ is the adjustment coefficient.

6. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for judging whether the construction area is in a risk state is: According to the safety helmet recognition index F, device failure risk index FCS, comprehensive health index CHI, and comprehensive environmental safety index CESI, calculate the risk assessment value MKI, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, φ1 is the weight coefficient of the safety helmet recognition index F, with a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.3; φ2 is the weight coefficient of the device failure risk index FCS, with a value ranging from 0.2 to 0.4; φ3 is the weight coefficient of the comprehensive health index CHI, with a value ranging from 0.3 to 0.4; φ4 is the weight coefficient of the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI, with a value ranging from 0.1 to 0.3; and φ1 + φ2 + φ3 + φ4 = 1; The risk assessment value thresholds include risk assessment value threshold one MKI1 and risk assessment value threshold two MKI2, and MKI1 < MKI2; When MKI ≤ MKI1, it is judged that the construction area is in a safe state; When MKI1 < MKI ≤ MKI2, it is judged that the construction area is in a medium-risk state, and a first-level warning signal is issued; When MKI > MKI2, it is judged that the construction area is in a high-risk state, and a second-level warning signal is issued.

7. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for judging whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirements is: The monitoring device data includes the movable distance SA, the initial turning angle θ0 and the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC; When the construction area is in a safe state, the monitoring area coverage ratio CN is calculated based on the risk assessment value MKI, the movable distance SA, the initial turning angle θ0 and the initial monitoring area coverage ratio CC. The formula is: Where A is the total area of ​​the construction area; s is the number of adjustments, which is a positive integer; Preset monitoring area coverage ratio threshold CN th ; When CN <CN th When CN≥CN th , it is judged that the coverage ratio of the current monitoring area meets the requirement.

8. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for calculating the risk assessment index CRAI is: If the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement, the unmonitored area ratio UCN is calculated based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN. The calculation formula is: According to the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, the risk assessment index CRAI is calculated using the following formula: Where t is the total construction time.

9. A method for safety monitoring of a construction area according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for judging construction efficiency is: Based on the risk assessment index CRAI, the construction efficiency index RCD is calculated using the following formula: Among them, CRAI max is the maximum acceptable risk assessment index; PM is the construction progress; EM is the equipment utilization rate; Preset construction efficiency index threshold RCD th ; When RCD <RCD th When RCD≥RCD th When the construction efficiency is low, a reminder message is sent immediately.

10. A safety monitoring system for a construction area, characterized in that: Data acquisition module, used to collect image and video data, equipment operation status data, construction personnel physiological status data, construction environment data and monitoring equipment data in real time; The data analysis module is used to calculate the helmet recognition index F based on the image and video data; and calculate the equipment comprehensive operation index SI based on the equipment operation status data; Based on the equipment comprehensive operation index SI, the equipment failure risk index FCS is calculated; based on the construction personnel's physiological status data, the cardiovascular pressure index CPI is calculated, and the comprehensive health index CHI is further obtained; based on the construction environment data, the comprehensive environmental safety index CESI is calculated; An alarm module is used to calculate a risk assessment value MKI based on a helmet identification index F, an equipment failure risk index FCS, a comprehensive health index CHI, and a comprehensive environmental safety index CESI; Preset a risk assessment value threshold, compare the risk assessment value MKI with the risk assessment value threshold, and judge whether the construction area is in a risk state based on the result; when the construction area is in a risk state, issue an early warning signal; The remote monitoring module is used to calculate the monitoring area coverage ratio CN based on the risk assessment value MKI and the monitoring equipment data when the construction area is in a safe state; preset the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, compare the monitoring area coverage ratio CN with the monitoring area coverage ratio threshold, and judge whether the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirements based on the result; If the coverage ratio of the current monitoring area does not meet the requirements, the early warning device is triggered; An evaluation module is used to calculate the unmonitored area ratio UCN based on the monitoring area coverage ratio CN if the current monitoring area coverage ratio meets the requirement; According to the unmonitored area ratio UCN and the risk assessment value MKI, the risk assessment index CRAI is calculated, and then the construction efficiency index RCD is calculated; A construction efficiency index threshold is preset, and the construction efficiency index RCD is compared with the construction efficiency index threshold. The construction efficiency is judged according to the result. If the construction efficiency is high, construction is carried out according to the construction plan. If the construction efficiency is low, a reminder message is sent immediately.

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