Slope simulation experiment platform and method

Abstract

The application provides a kind of side slope simulation experiment platform, including: frame unit, tray assembly, lifting device and buffer unit, tray assembly is slidably installed on frame unit, and tray assembly is used to install side slope model;Lifting device is arranged at the top of frame unit, and lifting device is used to drive tray assembly to move along frame unit, so that the tray assembly with side slope model is moved to the initial position of experiment;Buffer unit is arranged at the bottom of frame unit, and towards the side of lifting device, buffer unit is used to receive tray assembly, so that the tray assembly with side slope model slows down. Side slope simulation experiment method includes making side slope model, applying simulation conditions, simulating falling experiment. The application can directly obtain the safety factor of side slope model, and the structure is simple and reliable, and the experiment cost is low.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering slope experiment, and particularly relates to a slope simulation experiment platform and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The slope safety factor is an important parameter for measuring the stability of slope engineering. The physical simulation experiment method has a mature similar theory basis, can intuitively and quickly and effectively understand the deformation and failure process of the slope under the action of gravity, explore the slope failure mechanism, simulate the whole process from elasticity, elastoplasticity to instability and failure of the real slope, and understand the control effect of different rock structures on the slope deformation and failure, thereby providing a basis for slope design and protection.

[0003] However, the related physical simulation experiment method cannot directly obtain the slope safety factor. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a slope simulation experiment platform and method, which can measure the safety factor of the slope model in different states by adjusting the buffer acceleration.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the first aspect of the application provides a slope simulation experiment platform, which comprises a frame unit, a tray assembly, a lifting device and a buffer unit, the tray assembly is slidingly installed on the frame unit, and the tray assembly is used for installing the slope model; the lifting device is arranged at the top end of the frame unit, and the lifting device is used for driving the tray assembly to move along the frame unit, so that the tray assembly with the slope model moves to an initial experimental position; the buffer unit is arranged at the bottom end of the frame unit and faces the lifting device side, and the buffer unit is used for receiving the tray assembly, so that the tray assembly with the slope model slows down and descends.

[0006] Optionally, the tray assembly comprises a tray body and a truss, sleeves are arranged at the corner positions of the tray body respectively, the sleeves are slidingly installed on the frame unit, the tray body faces the lifting device side and is respectively provided with the truss and a frame body, and the frame body is used for installing the slope model on the tray body.

[0007] Optionally, the truss comprises a top frame and a hook, the top frame is used for being connected with the lifting device, and the hook is hinged to the top frame.

[0008] Optionally, the tray body is provided with a ring body facing the lifting device side, and the hook on the truss is hooked on the ring body.

[0009] Optionally, the buffer unit comprises a receiving seat and a telescopic device, a fixed end of the telescopic device is arranged on the frame unit, and a telescopic end of the telescopic device is connected with the receiving seat.

[0010] Optionally, the frame unit comprises a guide column, an upper platform and a lower platform, one end of the guide column is connected with the upper platform, the other end of the guide column is connected with the lower platform, the upper platform is used for mounting the lifting device, the lower platform is used for mounting the buffer unit, and the guide column is sleeved with the sleeve.

[0011] Optionally, the sleeve is sleeved with the guide column through the rolling ball.

[0012] Optionally, the lifting device comprises a lifting machine and a hook, the lifting machine is arranged on the upper platform, the lifting machine comprises a steel wire rope, the steel wire rope is connected with the hook at the end, and the hook is used for hooking the truss.

[0013] In the second aspect, the application provides a slope simulation experiment method, which is performed by using the slope simulation experiment platform in any one of the above aspects, and the slope simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:

[0014] The slope model is made according to in-situ slope data and a similarity principle;

[0015] A simulation condition is applied to the slope model to simulate a process of deformation increase and strength reduction of the slope model;

[0016] The slope model after the simulation condition is applied is installed on the slope simulation experiment platform and is lifted to an initial experiment position by the lifting device;

[0017] The lifting device is released, the slope model freely falls along the frame unit, starts to slow down when contacting the buffer unit to simulate overloading, and stops at an end experiment position when the slope model slows down to zero;

[0018] Returning to the step of releasing the lifting device, the buffer acceleration of the slope model is gradually increased in a gradient manner until the slope model is destabilized and damaged, and a safety factor of the slope model is recorded.

[0019] Optionally, the simulation condition applied to the slope model comprises a natural condition or an engineering condition.

[0020] Advantages

[0021] The slope simulation experiment platform provided in the embodiment of the application installs the slope model on the tray assembly, and the lifting device lifts the tray assembly with the slope model to an initial position of the experiment; the lifting device hook is opened, and the tray assembly with the slope model freely falls along the guide column, and then contacts the buffer unit to realize deceleration, until the speed is reduced to zero, and the experiment ends. Compared with the related physical simulation experiment method, the experiment platform can complete the simulation of supergravity conditions without using a centrifuge, and by adjusting the buffer acceleration, the safety factor of the slope model in different states can be determined.

[0022] The slope simulation experiment platform provided in the embodiment of the application has a simpler and more reliable structure, low experiment cost, more convenient operation, and improved experiment reliability, and can meet the needs of slope stability analysis.

[0023] The slope simulation experiment method provided in the embodiment of the application can dynamically test the deformation and failure evolution process of the slope model under the influence of different factors by simulating natural conditions or engineering conditions of the slope model, and obtain the safety factor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slope simulation experiment platform of the embodiment of the application;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a top view of the tray assembly of the embodiment of the application;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a top view of the buffer unit of the embodiment of the application;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the hook of the embodiment of the application;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the falling process of the tray assembly of the embodiment of the application; wherein, Figure 5 a is an initial position of the experiment; Figure 5 b is an initial position of the experiment under supergravity simulation; Figure 5 c is an end position of the experiment;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the speed change in the process of falling under supergravity 1.5g of the embodiment of the application;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the acceleration change in the process of falling under supergravity 1.5g of the embodiment of the application;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a graph of the change trend of the safety factor of the slope after different freeze-thaw cycles of the embodiment of the application.

[0032] The reference signs are represented as:

[0033] 1-frame unit; 101-guide column; 102-upper platform; 103-lower platform;

[0034] 2-lifting device; 201-lifting machine; 202-hook;

[0035] 3-tray assembly; 301-tray body; 3011-ring body; 302-truss; 3021-top rack; 3022-hook; 303-sleeve; 304-frame;

[0036] 4-buffer unit; 401-receiving seat; 402-telescopic device;

[0037] 5-slope model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0039] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0040] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0042] For reference Figures 1 to 8As shown, according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a slope simulation experiment platform comprises a frame unit 1, a tray assembly 3, a lifting device 2 and a buffer unit 4.

[0043] The tray assembly 3 is slidingly installed on the frame unit 1, and the tray assembly 3 is used for installing the slope model 5; the lifting device 2 is arranged at the top end of the frame unit 1, and the lifting device 2 is used for driving the tray assembly 3 to move along the frame unit 1, so that the tray assembly 3 installed with the slope model 5 moves to an initial experiment position; the buffer unit 4 is arranged at the bottom end of the frame unit 1 and faces the side of the lifting device 2, and the buffer unit 4 is used for receiving the tray assembly 3, so that the tray assembly 3 installed with the slope model 5 slows down and falls.

[0044] The slope model 5 is installed on the tray assembly 3, the lifting device 2 is started to lift the tray assembly 3 installed with the slope model 5 to the initial experiment position; then the hook 202 of the lifting device 2 is opened, the tray assembly 3 installed with the slope model 5 freely falls along the frame unit 1, and then contacts the buffer unit 4, slows down and falls under the contraction action of the buffer unit 4, and stops until the experiment ends. Compared with the related physical simulation experiment method, the experiment platform of the present application can complete the simulation of supergravity conditions without using a centrifuge, and can realize the safety factor determination of the slope model under different conditions by adjusting the contraction speed of the buffer unit 4 to adjust the buffer acceleration.

[0045] The experiment platform of the present application can dynamically test the deformation and failure evolution process of the slope model 5 under the influence of different condition factors, and obtain the safety factor; the experiment cost is lower, the experiment operation is simpler, the experiment reliability is improved, and the needs of slope stability analysis can be met.

[0046] The experiment platform of the present application has a simpler and more reliable structure, a lower experiment cost, a more convenient operation, an improved experiment reliability, and can meet the needs of slope stability analysis.

[0047] In another embodiment, the tray assembly 3 comprises a tray body 301 and a truss 302, sleeves 303 are arranged at the corner positions of the tray body 301 respectively, the sleeves 303 are slidingly installed on the frame unit 1, the truss 302 and a frame body 304 are arranged on the side of the tray body 301 facing the lifting device 2 respectively, and the frame body 304 is used for installing the slope model 5 on the tray body 301.

[0048] The tray assembly 3 is used for installing the slope model 5, so that the slope model 5 keeps fixed during the experiment; and the tray assembly 3 is used for connecting with the truss 302 to establish a connection relationship between the tray assembly 3 and the lifting device 2, so that the tray assembly 3 installed with the slope model 5 freely falls along the frame unit 1.

[0049] The tray body 301 is a square structure, and sleeves 303 are integrally formed at four corner positions of the tray body 301 and arranged outwardly. This facilitates connection with the frame unit 1 and avoids interference between other parts and the frame unit 1.

[0050] The tray body 301 includes an upper end and a lower end, the upper end being close to the lifting device 2, and the lower end being close to the buffer unit 4. The upper end is provided with a frame body 304, the upper end face of the frame body 304 being higher than the upper end face of the sleeve 303, and the slope model 5 is placed in the frame body 304. The lower end is provided with an impact boss, and the lower end face of the impact boss is higher than the lower end face of the sleeve 303. During the free falling process of the slope model 5, the impact boss is used to cooperate with the buffer unit 4, so that the tray assembly 3 slows down after contacting the buffer unit 4 to simulate overloading.

[0051] Specifically, a rubber pad is arranged on the lower end face of the impact boss to avoid strong impact noise between the impact boss and the buffer unit 4.

[0052] In another embodiment, the truss 302 includes a top frame 3021 and a hook 3022, the top frame 3021 is used to connect with the lifting device 2, and the hook 3022 is hinged to the top frame 3021. Through the arrangement of the hook 3022, the truss 302 is connected to the tray body 301, so that the tray body 301 with the slope model 5 is lifted to the initial position of the experiment by the lifting device 2.

[0053] The hook 3022 includes a long connecting rod and a hook body, one end of the long connecting rod is hinged to the top frame 3021, and the other end is integrally formed with the hook body. The hook 3022 is used to support the top frame 3021 on one hand, and prevent the slope model 5 from separating from the frame body 304 during the experiment on the other hand.

[0054] The top frame 3021 is provided with a lifting ring at the center of the top, and the lifting ring is used in cooperation with the lifting hook 202 of the lifting device 2.

[0055] In another embodiment, the tray body 301 is provided with a ring body 3011 on the side facing the lifting device 2, and the hook 3022 on the truss 302 is hooked on the ring body 3011. Through the detachable connection of the hook 3022 and the ring body 3011, the structure is simple, and the connection operation is convenient.

[0056] In another embodiment, the buffer unit 4 includes a receiving seat 401 and a telescopic device 402, the fixed end of the telescopic device 402 is arranged on the frame unit 1, and the telescopic end of the telescopic device 402 is connected with the receiving seat 401. Through the contraction action of the buffer unit 4, the slope model 5 falling on the receiving seat 401 slows down, simulates overloading, and obtains the safety factor of the slope model 5 when it is unstable and damaged.

[0057] The telescopic device 402 is a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the frame unit 1, the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with the receiving seat 401, the tray assembly 3, the telescopic device 401, the lifting device 2 and the frame unit 1 are coaxially arranged, in the experiment process, the experimental error caused by the experiment platform itself is reduced, and the accuracy of the experimental result is improved.

[0058] In another embodiment, the frame unit 1 comprises a guide column 101, an upper platform 102 and a lower platform 103, one end of the guide column 101 is connected with the upper platform 102, the other end of the guide column 101 is connected with the lower platform 103, the upper platform 102 is used for installing the lifting device 2, the lower platform 103 is used for installing the buffer unit 4, and the guide column 101 is sleeved with a sleeve 303. The frame unit 1 is used for bearing and installing the lifting device 2, the tray assembly 3 and the buffer unit 4, and the tray assembly 3 is made to freely fall in a specified track through the arrangement of the guide column 101.

[0059] The number of the guide column 101 is consistent with the number of the sleeve 303.

[0060] The upper platform 102 is provided with a through hole, and the steel wire rope of the lifting device 2 passes through the upper platform 102.

[0061] Specifically, the upper platform 102 and the lower platform 103 are square in the embodiment, so that the upper platform 102 and the lower platform 103 are convenient to process and manufacture.

[0062] In another embodiment, the sleeve 303 is provided with a ball, and the sleeve 303 is sleeved on the guide column 101 through the ball. Through the installation of the ball, the sliding friction between the sleeve 303 and the guide column 101 is converted into rolling friction, so that wear of the sleeve 303 and the guide column 101 is avoided in the experiment process.

[0063] In another embodiment, the lifting device 2 comprises a lifting machine 201 and a hook 202, the lifting machine 201 is arranged on the upper platform 102, the lifting machine 201 comprises a steel wire rope, the steel wire rope passes through the through hole in the upper platform 102, and the end is connected with the hook 202, the hook 202 is used for hooking the truss 302. The lifting device 2 is used for retracting the steel wire rope and pulling the tray assembly 3 along the guide column 101 to the initial position of the experiment.

[0064] The second aspect of the application provides a slope simulation experiment method, which is carried out by using the slope simulation experiment platform in any one of the above aspects, and the slope simulation experiment method comprises the following steps.

[0065] Step 1: preparing a slope model 5 according to in-situ slope data and the similarity principle.

[0066] Specifically, according to the actual geological survey data of the open-pit mine slope, a slope model 5 is made, and the size after scaling is 700mm*700mm*500mm (length*width*height). The open-pit mine slope model 5 includes five steps, and the width of a single step is 50mm and the height is 50mm.

[0067] According to the actual geological survey data of the open-pit mine slope, two groups of mica sheets are filled at a depth of 50mm from the surface of the slope model 5 to simulate two groups of intersecting joints. The joint inclination angle is consistent with the open-pit mine slope, and the joint length is scaled down in proportion.

[0068] According to the similarity principle, the rock mass strength of the slope model 5 is reduced in proportion. In this embodiment, the slope model 5 uses gypsum, white powder, water and river sand as the basic medium material for model paving. The comprehensive material density is 1.5-1.7g / cm 3 , and the self-weight of the slope model 5 is 310kg. The slope model 5 is artificially paved as a whole, and the single paving thickness is 10mm. The slope model 5 is prepared in five groups to prepare for subsequent experiments.

[0069] Step 2, apply simulation conditions to the slope model 5 to simulate the process of deformation increase and strength reduction of the slope model 5.

[0070] Among them, the simulation conditions applied to the slope model 5 include natural conditions or engineering conditions. By applying different conditions, the safety factor of the slope model 5 in different states is determined.

[0071] Specifically, the natural conditions include applying precipitation and / or freeze-thaw cycle and / or dynamic disturbance.

[0072] The engineering conditions include different reinforcement measures of anchor rods or anchor cables.

[0073] Specifically, before installing the slope model 5 to the slope simulation experiment platform, the slope model 5 is subjected to simulated precipitation of 2mm, and then subjected to freeze-thaw cycle experiment.

[0074] The slope model 5 after simulated precipitation is placed in a freeze-thaw cycle temperature control box, the freezing temperature is set to-20℃, and the freezing time is 3h; the melting temperature is set to 20℃, and the melting time is 1h; at the same time, after each melting of the slope model 5, the slope model 5 needs to be subjected to simulated precipitation of 2mm before the next freezing experiment; the simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycle times of the five groups of slope models 5 are set to 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 times respectively; after reaching the set number of times, the slope model 5 is taken out, weighed and the weight data is recorded;

[0075] Step 3, install the slope model 5 subjected to the simulation conditions to the slope simulation experiment platform, and lift it to the initial position of the experiment through the lifting device 2.

[0076] Specifically, asFigure 5 As shown in Figure c, the buffer unit 4 is in a fully retracted state. At this time, the tray assembly 3 sits on the buffer unit 4. The slope model 5 after simulated precipitation and freeze-thaw cycles is placed in the frame 304 of the tray assembly 3. Then, the truss 302 is hooked onto the ring 3011 of the tray body 301 via the hook 3022 on it. The lifting device 2 is started to rotate in the first rotation direction, and the wire rope is unfolded so that the hook is hooked onto the truss 302. The lifting device 2 is started to rotate in the second rotation direction to retract the wire rope and lift the tray assembly 3 containing the slope model 5 to the initial position of the experiment.

[0077] The first rotation direction and the second rotation direction are opposite to each other.

[0078] Among them, such as Figure 5 As shown in Figure a, the initial experimental position is as follows: a limit switch is set on one of the guide pillars 101. After the tray assembly 3 moves upward and touches the limit switch, the lifting device 2 stops. This is the initial experimental position.

[0079] Step 4: Release the lifting device 2, and the slope model 5 falls freely along the frame unit 1. When it contacts the buffer unit 4, it begins to decelerate and descend to simulate overweight until the slope model 5 decelerates to zero and reaches the end position of the experiment.

[0080] Specifically: the hook 202 is controlled to detach from the lifting ring on the truss 302, allowing the slope model 5 and the pallet assembly 3 to be released from the initial experimental position and fall freely downwards along the four guide columns 101; when the pallet assembly 3, which contains the slope model 5, reaches the expected velocity of 6 m / s, it reaches the initial position of the experimental overweight simulation, such as... Figure 5 As shown in b, at this time, the tray body 301 contacts the receiving seat 401 of the buffer unit 4, and under the contraction control of the telescopic device 402 of the buffer unit 4, it begins to decelerate and descend under uniform acceleration conditions to simulate the overweight condition of the slope model 4, until the tray assembly 3 containing the slope model 5 decelerates to zero and reaches the end position of the experiment, as shown in b. Figure 5 As shown in c;

[0081] During the deceleration and descent process, the reverse support force on the tray assembly 3 containing the slope model 5 gradually increases to a constant value, so that the slope model 5 obtains a constant acceleration for a period of time, such as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0082] In this implementation, the deceleration acceleration for each slope model 5 in the initial drop test was set to 1.1g.

[0083] In the experiment, the initial position of the overweight simulation is when the tray assembly 3 falls onto the buffer unit 4, at which point the piston rod of the telescopic device 402 is in the fully extended state.

[0084] The end position of the experiment is the position of the fully retracted state of the piston rod of the telescopic device 402.

[0085] Step 5: Return to the step of releasing the lifting device 2, and gradually increase the buffer acceleration of the slope model 5 in a gradient manner until the slope model 5 is destabilized and destroyed, and the safety factor of the slope model 5 is recorded.

[0086] Specifically: when the slope model 5 does not show obvious damage during the acceleration reduction process at 1.1g, the slope model 5 is subjected to multiple falling experiments, and step 4 is repeated. The damping of the buffer unit 4 is adjusted by adjusting the retraction speed of the telescopic device 402 of the buffer unit 4. The acceleration value of the slope model 5 during the reduction process is gradually increased by 0.02g, until the slope model 5 is destabilized and destroyed, so as to obtain the slope safety factor of the slope model 5.

[0087] Step 6: After the five groups of slope models 5 are all destabilized and destroyed, the experiment is ended.

[0088] As shown in Figure 8 The experimental results show that the safety factor of the slope model 5 is 1.58 when no simulated rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles are applied, the safety factor of the slope model 5 is 1.42 when 10 simulated rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles are applied, the safety factor of the slope model 5 is 1.34 when 20 simulated rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles are applied, the safety factor of the slope model 5 is 1.22 when 30 simulated rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles are applied, and the safety factor of the slope model 5 is 1.08 when 50 simulated rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles are applied. Therefore, the more the number of applied simulated rainfall and freeze-thaw cycles, the worse the stability of the slope model 5, that is, the lower the safety factor of the slope model 5.

[0089] The present application creates an overload experiment condition by applying a controllable reduction falling process to the slope model 5, so as to realize the determination of the safety factor of the slope model 5 in the physical experiment based on the "overload calculation method". Before the overload experiment, rainfall, freeze-thaw cycles and dynamic disturbance can be applied to the slope model 5. The deformation, structure loosening and dynamic destruction process of the slope model 5 can be observed during the experiment through the tray body 301. The acceleration during the uniform reduction process is controlled through the falling experiment, and the overload coefficient is the safety factor of the slope obtained by the overload calculation method. If the number of applied external influence conditions on the model in the experiment is changed, the present application can simulate the long-term safety factor degradation of the slope.

[0090] The present application can intuitively and quickly and effectively understand the deformation and destruction process of the slope under the action of gravity, explore the slope destruction mechanism, simulate the whole process from elasticity, elastoplasticity to instability and destruction of the real slope, understand the control effect of different rock structures on the deformation and destruction of the slope, and provide a basis for the slope design and protection.

[0091] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above-mentioned advantageous modes can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.

[0092] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, but should not be used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, but should not be used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A slope simulation experiment method, which is characterized in that the experiment is carried out by using a slope simulation experiment platform, the slope simulation experiment platform comprises a frame unit (1) and a tray assembly (3), the tray assembly (3) is arranged on the frame unit (1), and the tray assembly (3) is used for mounting a slope model (5); a lifting device (2) is arranged at the top end of the frame unit (1), the lifting device (2) is used for driving the tray assembly (3) to move along the frame unit (1), so that the tray assembly (3) mounting the slope model (5) moves to an initial experimental position; a buffer unit (4) is arranged at the bottom end of the frame unit (1) and faces one side of the lifting device (2), and the buffer unit (4) is used for receiving the tray assembly (3), so that the tray assembly (3) mounting the slope model (5) slows down and falls; the slope simulation experiment method comprises the following steps: the slope model (5) is made according to in-situ slope data and the principle of similarity; the slope model (5) is subjected to simulation conditions to simulate the process of deformation increase and strength reduction of the slope model (5); the slope model (5) subjected to the simulation conditions is mounted on the slope simulation experiment platform and lifted to the initial experimental position by the lifting device (2); the lifting device (2) is released, the slope model (5) freely falls along the frame unit (1), starts to slow down and fall when contacting the buffer unit (4) to simulate overloading, and stops at the end of the experiment when the speed of the slope model (5) is zero; the step of releasing the lifting device (2) is returned to, the buffer acceleration of the slope model (5) is gradually increased in a gradient manner, the slope model (5) is destabilized and damaged until the safety factor of the slope model (5) is recorded.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the tray assembly (3) comprises a tray body (301) and a truss (302), sleeves (303) are arranged at the corner positions of the tray body (301) respectively, the sleeves (303) are slidingly mounted on the frame unit (1), the tray body (301) is provided with the truss (302) and a frame body (304) on the side facing the lifting device (2) respectively, and the frame body (304) is used for mounting the slope model (5) on the tray body (301).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, the truss (302) comprises a top frame (3021) and a hook (3022), the top frame (3021) is used for being connected with the lifting device (2), and the hook (3022) is hinged to the top frame (3021).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, the tray body (301) is provided with a ring body (3011) on the side facing the lifting device (2), and the hook (3022) on the truss (302) is hooked on the ring body (3011).

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The buffer unit (4) comprises a receiving seat (401) and a telescopic device (402), the fixed end of the telescopic device (402) is arranged on the frame unit (1), and the telescopic end of the telescopic device (402) is connected with the receiving seat (401).

6. The method of claim 2, wherein, The frame unit (1) comprises a guide column (101), an upper platform (102) and a lower platform (103), one end of the guide column (101) is connected with the upper platform (102), the other end of the guide column (101) is connected with the lower platform (103), the upper platform (102) is used for mounting the lifting device (2), the lower platform (103) is used for mounting the buffer unit (4), and the guide column (101) is sleeved with the sleeve (303).

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The sleeve (303) is internally provided with a plurality of rolling balls, and the sleeve (303) is sleeved on the guide column (101) through the rolling balls.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein, The lifting device (2) comprises a lifting machine (201) and a hook (202), the lifting machine (201) is arranged on the upper platform (102), the lifting machine (201) comprises a steel wire rope, the end of the steel wire rope is connected with the hook (202), and the hook (202) is used for hooking the truss (302).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The simulation condition applied to the slope model (5) comprises a natural condition or an engineering condition.

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