Real-time monitoring and regulation method for fertilizer concentration in water and fertilizer integrated system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a fertilizer concentration real-time monitoring and regulation method in a water and fertilizer integrated system. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a water and fertilizer mixed solution sample in real time, and determining the spectral characteristics of the sample through a spectrum analyzer to determine the current fertilizer concentration; presetting a target fertilizer concentration range according to the demand of the crop growth stage and storing the target fertilizer concentration range in the control system; comparing the current fertilizer concentration with a target fertilizer concentration range, and when a deviation is detected, automatically adjusting the fertilizer addition amount or the dilution water amount through a control system until the preset target fertilizer concentration range is reached; and continuously executing the monitoring and regulating process in the whole crop growth period to ensure that the fertilizer concentration always meets the requirements of crops in different growth stages. Through the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the problem of how to realize real-time accurate monitoring and automatic regulation and control of the fertilizer concentration in the water-fertilizer integrated system so as to adapt to the requirements of different growth stages of crops can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural engineering technology, and in particular to a method for real-time monitoring and regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integration system. Background Art

[0002] For the real-time monitoring and regulation method of fertilizer concentration in the water-fertilizer integrated system, the technology aims to achieve precise control of fertilizer concentration in irrigation water by integrating sensor technology and automated control system. This method usually includes conductivity sensors installed in irrigation pipes to measure the fertilizer content in the solution, and uses software algorithms to adjust the amount of fertilizer added according to the needs of the crop growth stage.

[0003] However, there are some challenges in practical applications, such as how to ensure that sensors can accurately detect changes in fertilizer concentration, especially under different water quality conditions; in addition, it is necessary to solve the problem of how to automatically adjust the fertilizer ratio according to the different growth stages of crops to meet their specific nutritional needs while avoiding environmental pollution and resource waste caused by excessive fertilization. Solving these problems is crucial to improving the efficiency and sustainability of the integrated water and fertilizer system. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for real-time monitoring and regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system, which at least partially solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] A method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system, comprising: Collect water-fertilizer mixture samples in real time and measure their spectral characteristics through a spectrum analyzer to determine the current fertilizer concentration; Preset the target fertilizer concentration range according to the needs of the crop growth stage and store it in the control system; Compare the current fertilizer concentration with the target fertilizer concentration range. When a deviation is detected, the control system automatically adjusts the amount of fertilizer added or the amount of dilution water until the predetermined target fertilizer concentration range is reached; The above monitoring and control process is continuously performed throughout the crop growth cycle to ensure that the fertilizer concentration always meets the needs of the crop at different growth stages.

[0006] According to one embodiment, Collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples based on a preset time interval T1; The absorbance A of the collected sample at a specific wavelength λ is measured using a spectrum analyzer; Calculate the current fertilizer concentration C based on the linear relationship between absorbance A and fertilizer concentration C = k * A + b; Wherein k and b are pre-calibrated coefficients.

[0007] According to one embodiment, Start the timer and set the time interval T1; When the timer reaches the set time interval T1, the sample collection device is triggered to start collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples; If the time difference between the current time and the last collection time is less than T1, no collection will be performed; If the time difference between the current time and the last collection time is greater than or equal to T1, collection is performed.

[0008] According to one embodiment, When the timer count reaches T1, a signal is sent to the sample collection device; The sample collection device starts the collection action after receiving the signal; If the sample collection device does not receive a signal, it remains stationary; If the sample collection device receives the signal and is currently in a non-maintenance state, the collection action is started.

[0009] According to one embodiment, After receiving the signal, the sample collection device activates the pumping mechanism to extract the water-fertilizer mixture; If the pumping mechanism works properly, sample collection is complete; If the pumping mechanism works abnormally, pumping will stop and a fault alarm will be issued; If the pumping mechanism is functioning properly and the sample container is not full, continue collecting.

[0010] According to one embodiment, Monitor whether the working current I of the pumping mechanism is within the normal range Imin ≤ I ≤ Imax; If the operating current I is within the normal range, the pumping mechanism is considered to be working normally; If the operating current I is not within the normal range, it is considered that the pumping mechanism is operating abnormally; If the operating current I is within the normal range and the sample container capacity does not reach the upper limit, the sample collection is completed.

[0011] According to one embodiment, Calculate the total amount of nutrients required by crops at different growth stages based on crop growth models; Calculating the target fertilizer concentration for each growth stage according to the total amount of nutrient elements and different growth stages divided by the crop growth cycle; Convert target fertilizer concentrations for each growth stage into spectral feature value ranges; The spectral characteristic value range is stored in a database of the control system.

[0012] According to one embodiment, Obtain crop types and their corresponding growth model parameters; Calculate the growth rate of crops at each growth stage according to crop species and growth model parameters; The total amount of nutrients required for each growth stage was calculated using the formula "total amount of nutrients = growth rate × nutrient requirement coefficient"; The total requirement is obtained by adding up the total amount of nutrients in each growth stage.

[0013] According to one embodiment, Determine the values ​​of growth rate and nutrient requirement coefficients; Determine whether the growth rate is greater than zero and whether the nutrient element requirement coefficient is a positive number; If the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient requirement coefficient is positive, calculate the total amount of the nutrient; If the growth rate is not greater than zero or the nutrient element requirement coefficient is not a positive number, the growth rate and the nutrient element requirement coefficient are re-obtained.

[0014] According to one embodiment, Determine whether the growth rate is greater than zero; Determine whether the nutrient element requirement coefficient is a positive number; If the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient requirement coefficient is a positive number, the calculation formula "total nutrient amount = growth rate × nutrient requirement coefficient" is executed; If the growth rate is not greater than zero or the nutrient requirement coefficient is not a positive number, return to re-enter the growth rate and nutrient requirement coefficient.

[0015] The disclosed embodiment provides a method for real-time monitoring and regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system, including: real-time collection of water-fertilizer mixed solution samples and determination of their spectral characteristics by a spectrometer to determine the current fertilizer concentration; preset a target fertilizer concentration range according to the needs of the crop growth stage and store it in a control system; compare the current fertilizer concentration with the target fertilizer concentration range, and when a deviation is detected, automatically adjust the fertilizer addition amount or dilution water amount by the control system until the predetermined target fertilizer concentration range is reached; continue to perform the above monitoring and regulation process throughout the crop growth cycle to ensure that the fertilizer concentration always meets the needs of different crop growth stages. Through the solution of the disclosed embodiment, it is possible to solve how to achieve real-time and accurate monitoring and automatic regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system to meet the needs of different crop growth stages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the multiple drawings represent the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0017] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 A flow chart of collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples in real time and measuring the spectral characteristics thereof by a spectrum analyzer to determine the current fertilizer concentration provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 A flow chart of collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples based on a preset time interval T1 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 A flow chart of triggering a sample collection device to start collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples when a timer reaches a set time interval T1 provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 A flow chart of the sample collection device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure starting a collection action after receiving a signal; Figure 6 A flow chart of completing sample collection if the pumping mechanism works properly provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 A flow chart of presetting a target fertilizer concentration range according to the needs of the crop growth stage and storing it in a control system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 8 A flow chart for calculating the total amount of nutrient elements required for crops at different growth stages based on a crop growth model provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Fig. 9 A flow chart for calculating the total amount of nutrients required for each growth stage using the formula 'total amount of nutrients = growth rate x nutrient requirement coefficient' provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Fig.10 A flow chart for calculating the total amount of nutrients if the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient requirement coefficient is a positive number is provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the embodiments of the present disclosure are further described in detail in combination with the embodiments and drawings. The schematic implementation methods of the embodiments of the present disclosure and their descriptions are only used to explain the embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] Next, refer to Figure 1 Describe the real-time monitoring and control method of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S101 collects samples of water-fertilizer mixture in real time and measures its spectral characteristics through a spectrometer to determine the current fertilizer concentration. This process first involves extracting samples from the mixed solution of the water-fertilizer integrated system. The collection of samples must ensure representativeness, that is, the samples taken can reflect the true situation of the fertilizer concentration in the entire system. For example, in a large agricultural irrigation system, multiple sampling points can be set to ensure that samples at different locations can be collected. After the sample is collected, it is measured using a spectrometer, which determines the fertilizer composition and concentration by measuring the absorption or reflection spectrum of the sample at a specific wavelength. For example, for fertilizer solutions containing elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, near-infrared spectroscopy technology can be used to quickly identify and quantify the content of these elements. The spectrometer will convert the measurement results into digital signals and transmit them to the control system for subsequent processing.

[0020] S102 is to preset the target fertilizer concentration range according to the needs of the crop growth stage and store it in the control system. This step requires prior knowledge of the types and concentrations of nutrients required by crops at different growth stages. For example, for corn, a lower concentration of nitrogen fertilizer may be required in the seedling stage to promote root development, while a higher concentration of nitrogen fertilizer is required in the heading stage to support stem and leaf growth. Therefore, technicians will develop a series of target fertilizer concentration ranges based on the growth cycle and needs of the crops, and enter these data into the database of the control system. The control system can be a microprocessor-based intelligent device that can receive data from a spectrometer and compare it with a preset target fertilizer concentration range.

[0021] S103 compares the current fertilizer concentration with the target fertilizer concentration range. When a deviation is detected, the control system automatically adjusts the amount of fertilizer added or the amount of dilution water until the predetermined target fertilizer concentration range is reached. After the control system receives the current fertilizer concentration data from the spectrometer, it will immediately compare it with the stored target concentration range. If the current concentration is lower than the target range, the control system will issue an instruction to increase the amount of fertilizer added; conversely, if the current concentration is higher than the target range, the control system will reduce the amount of fertilizer added or increase the amount of dilution water. For example, assuming that the target fertilizer concentration range is set to 200-250ppm and the current concentration is 180ppm, the control system will automatically adjust the operating frequency of the fertilizer pump and increase the amount of fertilizer injected until the concentration reaches the target range. This process is continuous and automated, ensuring precise control of fertilizer concentration.

[0022] S104 continuously performs the above monitoring and control process throughout the crop growth cycle to ensure that the fertilizer concentration always meets the needs of the different growth stages of the crop. This means that from the beginning of crop planting to the end of harvest, the control system will continuously monitor the fertilizer concentration and adjust the fertilizer concentration according to the different stages of crop growth. For example, in the early growth period of corn, the control system will adjust the fertilizer concentration according to the needs of the seedling stage. As the corn enters the jointing and heading stages, the control system will adjust the fertilizer concentration accordingly to meet the higher needs of these growth stages. In this way, it can be ensured that the crop can obtain the best nutrient supply throughout the growth process, thereby improving yield and quality.

[0023] Through the above steps, the problem of how to achieve real-time accurate monitoring and automatic regulation of fertilizer concentration in the water-fertilizer integrated system to adapt to the needs of crops at different growth stages can be solved. This method not only improves the efficiency of fertilizer use and reduces the risk of environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization, but also dynamically adjusts fertilizer supply according to the actual needs of crops, thereby optimizing crop growth conditions and improving the sustainability and economic benefits of agricultural production.

[0024] Next, refer to Figure 2 Describe the specific steps of a method for real-time monitoring and regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S201 is to collect samples of the water-fertilizer mixture based on a preset time interval T1. This process is usually completed by an automated sampling device, which automatically extracts a small amount of samples of the water-fertilizer mixture according to a set time period to ensure that changes in fertilizer concentration can be continuously monitored.

[0025] S202 uses a spectrometer to measure the absorbance A of the collected sample at a specific wavelength λ. A spectrometer is a precision instrument that can emit light of a specific wavelength through a water-fertilizer mixture sample and detect the degree to which the light is absorbed, i.e., the absorbance A. Selecting the appropriate wavelength λ is crucial for accurately measuring fertilizer concentration, because different fertilizer components have different absorption characteristics at different wavelengths.

[0026] S203 calculates the current fertilizer concentration C based on the linear relationship between absorbance A and fertilizer concentration C, C = k * A + b. The basic principle of Lambert-Beer's law is used here, that is, absorbance is proportional to solution concentration. The coefficients k and b are pre-calibrated under experimental conditions, and they reflect the quantitative relationship between a specific fertilizer type and the spectrometer.

[0027] S204 is to compare the calculated current fertilizer concentration C with the preset target concentration, and then adjust the parameters of the fertilization system, such as the amount of fertilizer added or the water flow rate, to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the fertilizer concentration. This process can be manual or automatic, depending on the configuration of the entire water-fertilizer integration system.

[0028] Next, refer to Figure 3 The specific steps of collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples based on a preset time interval T1 in a method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system are described as follows: S301 starts the timer and sets the time interval T1. In practical applications, this function can be implemented by an embedded system or a microcontroller. For example, a microcontroller such as Arduino or STM32 is used to set the time interval using its internal timer module. After the system is initialized, the timer is configured to trigger an interrupt request every T1 time unit.

[0029] S302 is to trigger the sample collection device to start collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples when the timer reaches the set time interval T1. This step can be achieved by connecting to external devices such as pumps and solenoid valves of the microcontroller. When the timer interrupt occurs, the microcontroller drives the sample collection device to work through the control signal to complete the extraction and storage of the water-fertilizer mixture.

[0030] S303 is to determine whether the time difference between the current time and the last acquisition time is less than T1. If it is less than T1, no acquisition is performed; if it is greater than or equal to T1, acquisition is performed. To achieve this, a variable can be maintained in the software program to record the exact time point of the last sample acquisition, and the difference between the current time and the time recorded by the variable can be checked each time the timer is interrupted. If the difference is less than T1, the interruption is ignored; if the difference is greater than or equal to T1, the variable is updated to record the new acquisition time, and the sample acquisition operation is performed.

[0031] Through the above steps, it can be ensured that the collection of water-fertilizer mixture samples not only complies with the preset time interval T1, but also avoids unnecessary repeated collection, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the system.

[0032] Next, refer to Figure 4 Describe the specific steps of triggering the sample collection device to start collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples when the timer reaches the set time interval T1 in the real-time monitoring and control method of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 3: S401 is: when the timer count in the system reaches the preset time interval T1, the timer automatically sends a start signal to the sample collection device. This process ensures the periodicity of sample collection, so that samples of the water-fertilizer mixture can be regularly obtained for subsequent concentration detection and adjustment.

[0033] S402 is: after receiving the start signal from the timer, the sample collection device will immediately start the collection action, that is, start to extract a certain amount of water-fertilizer mixture as a sample. If no signal is received within the predetermined time, the sample collection device will remain stationary and will not perform any operation.

[0034] S403 is: in order to prevent misoperation during maintenance, the sample collection device also has the function of judging its own state. If the sample collection device receives a signal but is in a maintenance state, such as being cleaned or repaired, it will not start the collection action, but continue to remain in a static state until the maintenance is completed.

[0035] Through the above steps, it can be ensured that the fertilizer concentration monitoring and control method in the water-fertilizer integrated system can accurately collect water-fertilizer mixed solution samples at the appropriate time point, thereby realizing effective monitoring and timely adjustment of fertilizer concentration. For example, in practical applications, the timer function can be realized by a timing circuit controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, and a start signal can be sent to the sample collection device through a relay or a digital I / O port; and the sample collection device can control the action of the sampling pump through a solenoid valve, and use a sensor to detect the status of the equipment to ensure that the sampling operation is performed only in a non-maintenance state.

[0036] Next, refer to Figure 5 Describe the specific steps of starting the collection action after the sample collection device receives a signal in a method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S501 is: when the sample collection device receives the start signal sent by the control unit, the pumping mechanism is immediately activated to start extracting the water-fertilizer mixture. This process ensures that a timely response can be made when sample collection is required.

[0037] S502 is: after the pumping mechanism is started, the system will automatically detect its operating status. If the pumping mechanism works normally, that is, it can stably pump the water-fertilizer mixture into the sample container, it is considered that the sample collection is successful and is ready to proceed to the next step.

[0038] S503 is: if a fault is found in the pumping mechanism during the detection process, such as failure to pump normally or abnormal suction flow, the system will immediately stop the operation of the pumping mechanism and send out a fault alarm through the alarm system to prompt maintenance personnel to conduct inspection and repair.

[0039] S504 is: when the pumping mechanism works normally, it is necessary to further confirm whether the sample container is full. If the sample container has not reached the preset maximum capacity, the pumping mechanism is allowed to continue to operate until the sample container is full.

[0040] An example of technically implementing the above features may be: using an intelligent pump with a sensor as a pumping mechanism, which can start working after receiving a start signal, and has a built-in flow meter and pressure sensor to monitor its working status. At the same time, a liquid level sensor is installed inside the sample container to monitor the liquid height in the container. When the pumping mechanism is started, the flow meter and pressure sensor will continue to monitor the working condition of the pump; once an abnormality such as low flow or no flow is detected, the system will immediately shut down the pump and trigger an alarm. In addition, the liquid level sensor will continuously monitor the changes in the liquid level in the sample container. Only when the liquid level does not reach the preset maximum value will the pump be allowed to continue running, thereby ensuring the continuity and integrity of sample collection.

[0041] Next, refer to Figure 6 Describe the specific steps of pumping mechanism working status detection and sample collection in a real-time monitoring and control method for fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S601 is to monitor whether the working current I of the pumping mechanism is within the preset normal range Imin to Imax. This process can be achieved by installing a current sensor on the power line of the pumping mechanism, which can continuously measure the current value when the pumping mechanism is running and transmit the value to the control system for analysis.

[0042] S602 is to judge that the pumping mechanism is working normally when the monitored working current I is within the normal range. If the current value exceeds the normal range, that is, I < Imin or I > Imax, it is considered that the pumping mechanism has a fault or abnormality, and further inspection and maintenance of the pumping mechanism is required to ensure its normal operation.

[0043] S603 is to check whether the current capacity of the sample container has reached its maximum capacity limit after confirming that the pumping mechanism is working properly. This check can be completed by a liquid level sensor installed on the sample container, which can monitor the liquid height in the container in real time and feed back the information to the control system.

[0044] S604 is when the pumping mechanism works normally and the sample container capacity has not reached the upper limit, the control system will issue a command to make the pumping mechanism continue to operate, thereby completing the sample collection. If the sample container capacity is full, the sample container must be emptied before the next round of sample collection. In this way, it can be ensured that the sample volume collected each time is accurate, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent fertilizer concentration monitoring results.

[0045] Next, refer to Figure 7 Describe the specific steps of a method for real-time monitoring and regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S701 calculates the total amount of nutrients required by crops at different growth stages based on crop growth models. This process involves using known crop growth models to predict the demand for various nutrients during the entire growth cycle. For example, for corn, the total demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements required at each stage can be determined by analyzing the key periods in its growth cycle, such as seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage, etc., combined with local climate conditions and soil conditions.

[0046] S702 is to calculate the target fertilizer concentration for each growth stage according to the total amount of the nutrient elements and the different growth stages divided by the crop growth cycle. In this step, the entire growth cycle is divided into several stages, and the corresponding fertilizer concentration is calculated according to the demand for nutrient elements of the crop in each stage. For example, a lower fertilizer concentration may be required in the seedling stage of corn to promote root development, while a higher fertilizer concentration is required in the heading stage to support ear formation.

[0047] S703 is to convert the target fertilizer concentration of each growth stage into a spectral characteristic value range. Since spectral analysis is a commonly used non-contact detection method that can quickly and accurately measure the fertilizer concentration in the solution, it is necessary to convert the target fertilizer concentration calculated above into a corresponding spectral characteristic value range. For example, a relationship curve between fertilizer concentration and light absorption intensity at a specific wavelength is established through experiments, thereby obtaining spectral characteristic values ​​of fertilizer solutions at different concentrations.

[0048] S704 is to store the spectral characteristic value range in the database of the control system. Finally, these spectral characteristic value range data are input into the control system of the water-fertilizer integration system, so that the fertilizer concentration in the irrigation water can be automatically adjusted according to the spectral signal monitored in real time during the actual operation to ensure that it meets the preset target range. For example, when it is monitored that the spectral characteristic value of the current irrigation water deviates from the set range of the seedling stage, the control system will automatically adjust the amount of fertilizer added to return the fertilizer concentration to the ideal level.

[0049] Next, refer to Figure 8 Describe the specific steps of "calculating the total amount of nutrients required by crops at different growth stages based on crop growth models" in a real-time monitoring and control method for fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S801 is to obtain the crop type and its corresponding growth model parameters. This process usually involves reading the information of a specific crop from a database or a pre-set table, which includes but is not limited to the name of the crop, the growth cycle, and the parameters related to the growth model. For example, for a crop such as corn, the system needs to know how many stages its growth cycle is divided into, the duration of each stage, and the key factors affecting growth.

[0050] S802 is to calculate the growth rate of the crop at each growth stage according to the crop type and the growth model parameters. This step simulates the growth of the crop at different growth stages through a mathematical model to obtain the growth rate of the crop at each stage. For example, assuming that a certain growth stage of corn is the seedling stage, the system will use the known growth model parameters to calculate the average growth rate of the seedling stage.

[0051] S803 uses the formula "total nutrient element = growth rate × nutrient element requirement coefficient" to calculate the total nutrient element required for each growth stage. This involves a quantitative analysis of the nutrient elements required during crop growth. Take corn as an example. In the seedling stage, if the calculated growth rate is an increase of 0.5 grams of biomass per day, and it is known that 0.01 grams of nitrogen is required per gram of biomass in the seedling stage, the total amount of nitrogen required per day in the seedling stage is 0.005 grams.

[0052] S804 is to add up the total amount of nutrients in each growth stage to get the total requirement. This means adding up the nutrient requirements calculated in all growth stages to get the total amount of nutrients required by the crop during the entire growth cycle. Continuing with corn as an example, assuming that 0.5 grams of nitrogen is required in the seedling stage and 1.0 grams of nitrogen is required in the jointing stage, then the total nitrogen requirement of corn during the entire growth cycle is the sum of these two.

[0053] Through the above steps, it can be ensured that the integrated water-fertilizer system can accurately adjust the supply of fertilizers according to the actual needs of crops, thereby improving fertilizer utilization and promoting healthy growth of crops.

[0054] Next, refer to Fig. 9 Describe the specific steps for calculating the total amount of nutrient elements in a method for real-time monitoring and regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S901 is a value that determines the growth rate and nutrient requirement coefficient. This process usually involves evaluating the current growth stage of the plant and consulting standard data tables of nutrients required by specific crops at different growth stages to obtain the nutrient requirement coefficient. For example, for a tomato plant, a higher phosphorus content may be required during its flowering period to promote flower development, so there will be a specific requirement coefficient corresponding to it.

[0055] S902 is to determine whether the growth rate is greater than zero and whether the nutrient element requirement coefficient is a positive number. This step is completed through simple logical operations to ensure that the input data is reasonable and valid. For example, if the monitored growth rate is 0.5 cm / day, and the phosphorus requirement coefficient is 0.02 based on the requirements of the tomato plant during the flowering period, both values ​​meet the conditions.

[0056] S903 is to calculate the total amount of nutrients if the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient requirement coefficient is a positive number. The calculation formula is "total amount of nutrients = growth rate × nutrient requirement coefficient". Continuing with the above example, the total amount of phosphorus nutrients for tomato plants during the flowering period is 0.5 cm / day × 0.02 = 0.01 g / day.

[0057] S904 is to re-acquire the growth rate and the nutrient element requirement coefficient if the growth rate is not greater than zero or the nutrient element requirement coefficient is not a positive number. For example, if the monitored growth rate is -0.1 cm / day, which may be due to a measurement error, or the requirement coefficient is mistakenly set to a negative number, the system will prompt to re-enter the correct data to ensure the validity of subsequent calculations.

[0058] Next, refer to Fig.10 Describe the specific steps of a method for real-time monitoring and regulation of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system: S1001 is to determine whether the current crop growth rate is greater than zero. This judgment is based on the real-time collected growth data, and the crop growth rate information is obtained through sensors or other measuring devices, and compared with the preset threshold value, i.e., zero. If the growth rate is greater than zero, the subsequent judgment and calculation will continue; otherwise, the system will prompt the user to re-enter or adjust the growth rate data.

[0059] S1002 is to determine whether the nutrient requirement coefficient is a positive number. The nutrient requirement coefficient reflects the degree of demand for specific nutrients by crops at different growth stages. The coefficient also needs to be obtained through the system database or external input. If the nutrient requirement coefficient is a positive number, it means that the crop does need to supplement the nutrient at the current stage; otherwise, if the coefficient is not greater than zero, the system will prompt the user to re-enter or adjust the nutrient requirement coefficient.

[0060] If both of the above conditions are met, that is, the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient element requirement coefficient is a positive number, then S1003 is executed: the total amount of nutrient elements currently required is calculated according to the formula "total amount of nutrient elements = growth rate × nutrient element requirement coefficient". This calculation result will serve as an important basis for subsequent fertilization operations to ensure that the crops can get the appropriate amount of nutrition supply.

[0061] If the growth rate is not greater than zero or the nutrient element requirement coefficient is not a positive number, S1004 is executed: the system returns to re-enter the growth rate and nutrient element requirement coefficient. This step ensures that fertilization is performed only when the crop really needs nutrient supplementation, avoiding unnecessary waste of resources and environmental pollution.

[0062] Through the above steps, the present invention can accurately and dynamically adjust the fertilization strategy according to the actual growth conditions of crops, thereby improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and promoting the healthy growth of crops.

[0063] In actual operation, when this device is used, the sensor integrated in the water-fertilizer integrated system first collects samples of the water-fertilizer mixture in real time, and uses the built-in spectrometer to measure the spectral characteristics of these samples to accurately determine the actual concentration of the current fertilizer solution. This data is then transmitted to the control system, which pre-sets the corresponding target fertilizer concentration range according to the needs of different stages of crop growth and stores these parameters for subsequent comparison. The control system automatically compares the current measured fertilizer concentration with the preset target concentration range. Once a deviation is found, the corresponding adjustment mechanism is activated: if the current concentration is lower than the target range, the amount of fertilizer added is increased; conversely, if the concentration is high, the fertilizer concentration is reduced by increasing the amount of dilution water until the ideal concentration range is reached. The entire monitoring and control process is a closed-loop control process that runs continuously throughout the entire crop growth cycle to ensure that the fertilizer concentration can dynamically meet the specific needs of the crop at different growth stages, thereby achieving precise fertilization and improving fertilizer utilization and crop yield.

[0064] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function according to the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.

[0065] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0066] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0067] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring and control of fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system, characterized in that: include: Collect water-fertilizer mixture samples in real time and measure their spectral characteristics through a spectrum analyzer to determine the current fertilizer concentration; Preset the target fertilizer concentration range according to the needs of the crop growth stage and store it in the control system; Compare the current fertilizer concentration with the target fertilizer concentration range. When a deviation is detected, the control system automatically adjusts the amount of fertilizer added or the amount of dilution water until the predetermined target fertilizer concentration range is reached; The above monitoring and control process is continuously performed throughout the crop growth cycle to ensure that the fertilizer concentration always meets the needs of the crop at different growth stages.

2. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time collection of water-fertilizer mixture samples and determination of the spectral characteristics thereof by a spectrum analyzer to determine the current fertilizer concentration comprises: Collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples based on a preset time interval T1; The absorbance A of the collected sample at a specific wavelength λ is measured using a spectrum analyzer; Calculate the current fertilizer concentration C based on the linear relationship between absorbance A and fertilizer concentration C = k * A + b; Where k and b are pre-calibrated coefficients.

3. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collecting of the water-fertilizer mixture sample based on the preset time interval T1 includes: Start the timer and set the time interval T1; When the timer reaches the set time interval T1, the sample collection device is triggered to start collecting water-fertilizer mixture samples; If the time difference between the current time and the last collection time is less than T1, no collection will be performed; If the time difference between the current time and the last collection time is greater than or equal to T1, collection is performed.

4. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the timer reaches the set time interval T1, triggering the sample collection device to start collecting the water-fertilizer mixture sample includes: When the timer count reaches T1, a signal is sent to the sample collection device; The sample collection device starts the collection action after receiving the signal; If the sample collection device does not receive a signal, it remains stationary; If the sample collection device receives the signal and is currently in a non-maintenance state, the collection action is started.

5. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sample collection device starts a collection action after receiving a signal, including: After receiving the signal, the sample collection device activates the pumping mechanism to extract the water-fertilizer mixture; If the pumping mechanism works properly, sample collection is complete; If the pumping mechanism works abnormally, pumping will stop and a fault alarm will be issued; If the pumping mechanism is functioning properly and the sample container is not full, continue collecting.

6. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the pumping mechanism works normally, completing the sample collection includes: Monitor whether the working current I of the pumping mechanism is within the normal range Imin ≤ I ≤ Imax; If the operating current I is within the normal range, the pumping mechanism is considered to be working normally; If the operating current I is not within the normal range, it is considered that the pumping mechanism is operating abnormally; If the operating current I is within the normal range and the sample container capacity does not reach the upper limit, the sample collection is completed.

7. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The “presetting the target fertilizer concentration range according to the needs of the crop growth stage and storing it in the control system” includes: Calculate the total amount of nutrients required by crops at different growth stages based on crop growth models; Calculating the target fertilizer concentration for each growth stage according to the total amount of nutrient elements and different growth stages divided by the crop growth cycle; Convert target fertilizer concentrations for each growth stage into spectral feature value ranges; The spectral characteristic value range is stored in a database of the control system.

8. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The "calculation of the total amount of nutrients required by crops at different growth stages based on the crop growth model" includes: Obtain crop types and their corresponding growth model parameters; Calculate the growth rate of crops at each growth stage according to crop species and growth model parameters; The total amount of nutrients required for each growth stage was calculated using the formula "total amount of nutrients = growth rate × nutrient requirement coefficient"; The total requirement is obtained by adding up the total amount of nutrients in each growth stage.

9. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The "using the formula 'total amount of nutrient elements = growth rate x nutrient element requirement coefficient' to calculate the total amount of nutrient elements required for each growth stage" includes: Determine the values ​​of growth rate and nutrient requirement coefficients; Determine whether the growth rate is greater than zero and whether the nutrient element requirement coefficient is a positive number; If the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient requirement coefficient is positive, calculate the total amount of the nutrient; If the growth rate is not greater than zero or the nutrient element requirement coefficient is not a positive number, the growth rate and the nutrient element requirement coefficient are re-obtained.

10. The method for real-time monitoring and controlling fertilizer concentration in a water-fertilizer integrated system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The "if the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient element requirement coefficient is a positive number, then calculating the total amount of nutrient elements" includes: Determine whether the growth rate is greater than zero; Determine whether the nutrient element requirement coefficient is a positive number; If the growth rate is greater than zero and the nutrient requirement coefficient is a positive number, the calculation formula "total nutrient amount = growth rate × nutrient requirement coefficient" is executed; If the growth rate is not greater than zero or the nutrient requirement coefficient is not a positive number, return to re-enter the growth rate and nutrient requirement coefficient.

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