A method for increasing potato yield

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for increasing potato yield, belonging to crop cultivation technology. Before planting potatoes, a mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate are applied to the cultivated land. Mixture A comprises γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA): chitosan: butylene, with a mass ratio of (9-10):(9-10):(1-1.5). During the potato tuber enlargement period, urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate are applied as supplementary fertilizers. This invention, through the application of mixture A and a special fertilization method, can increase potato yield while reducing fertilizer application, and also reduces fertilizer pollution to soil and water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for increasing potato yield, belonging to the field of crop cultivation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Biostimulants are substances derived from living organisms. When applied to plants or soil, they can enhance crop nutrient absorption and utilization, increase crop tolerance to abiotic stresses, improve crop yield and quality, and reduce nutrient loss from farmland. Common biostimulants in agriculture include humic acid, amino acids and protein hydrolysates, chitin and its derivatives, seaweed extracts, microorganisms and metabolites, and plant extracts. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid naturally present in all organisms. Exogenous GABA can be directly absorbed by plant roots, inducing an increase in endogenous GABA, thus improving crop carbon and nitrogen metabolism, providing antioxidant effects, and promoting growth. Chitosan is the second most abundant natural biopolymer on Earth after cellulose. As an antibacterial agent and growth regulator, it inhibits pathogen growth, improves crop stress resistance, and promotes nutrient absorption and growth. Benzoxazinone compounds are secondary metabolites found in the root exudates of gramineous crops, possessing insecticidal, antibacterial, and allelopathic effects. Butylene is the most important component of benzoxazinone compounds. In agricultural production practice, the addition of exogenous benzoxazinone compounds has been proven to effectively improve the disease and insect resistance of maize.

[0003] Potatoes, an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the Solanaceae family and the Solanum genus, are the most important tuber food crop and a staple food for nearly 1.3 billion people worldwide. Therefore, potato yield is extremely important. However, potato cultivation in my country currently suffers from problems such as excessive fertilizer application, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, and low potato yield. Solving these problems is of great importance to potato cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of high fertilizer application rates, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, and low potato yield during potato cultivation, one objective of this invention is to provide a composition for increasing potato yield. This composition comprises mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate. In mixture A, the mass ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA): chitosan: butylene is (9-10):(9-10):(1-1.5).

[0005] Preferably, the substances in the composition are weighed separately and then mixed for use.

[0006] The composition described in this invention can increase potato yield.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing potato yield with the said composition, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Land preparation and sowing: Level the cultivated land and dig ditches and ridges.

[0009] (2) Base fertilizer before potato planting: Mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are applied to the leveled cultivated land; the mixture A includes γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl phosphate, wherein the mass ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl phosphate is 9-10:9-10:1-1.5.

[0010] (3) Topdressing during the tuber enlargement period of potatoes: Apply urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate as topdressing.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), potatoes are planted in single-row double-row or single-row single-row mulch with a planting density of 4,500 to 5,500 plants per mu. After planting, the soil ridges are covered with black film with a width of 1.1 to 1.3 m. The sides of the film are compacted with soil and covered with 2 to 3 cm of soil. After the potatoes emerge, the film is broken open in time to release the seedlings, and the seedling opening is covered with soil.

[0012] Preferably, when planting in double rows on a single ridge, the ridge width is 80-90cm, the ridge height is 28-32cm, the furrow spacing is 28-32cm, the planting pattern is triangular, the row spacing is 30-40cm, the plant spacing is 20-25cm, and the planting depth is 8-10cm.

[0013] Preferably, when planting in single rows on single ridges, the ridge width is 50-60cm, the ridge height is 28-32cm, the furrow spacing is 28-32cm, the plant spacing is 15-20cm, and the sowing depth is 8-10cm.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of mixture A used in step (2) is 1.9 to 2.2 kg / mu.

[0015] Preferably, the amounts of organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate used in step (2) are 170-180 kg / mu, 11-12 kg / mu, 36-39 kg / mu and 12-13 kg / mu, respectively.

[0016] Preferably, the dosages of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate in step (3) are 9-10 kg / mu, 17-20 kg / mu and 11-12 kg / mu, respectively.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0018] (1) Reduce farmers’ fertilizer input for potato planting and improve potato yield and quality.

[0019] (2) Reduce the amount of nutrients in the soil during the potato growing season and effectively reduce the emission flux of nitrogen and phosphorus into the surrounding atmosphere and water bodies.

[0020] (3) The present invention takes into account the synergistic effect between γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butylene, with the aim of stimulating the development of beneficial microbial communities in the soil, improving the efficiency of plant fertilizer utilization, enhancing the plant's resistance to stress and disease, promoting potato growth and development and achieving high yield. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 Diagram of potato planting patterns. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the following embodiments are merely simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is determined by the claims.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] This embodiment was conducted as a field trial in Gusheng Village, Wanqiao Town, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with a cultivated land area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The specific planting method is as follows:

[0025] (1) The land should be leveled and tilled 3 to 5 days before sowing in mid to late January, with a depth of 30 cm. Potatoes should be planted in single rows on single ridges with mulch. The ridges should be 60 cm wide and 30 cm high, with a furrow spacing of 30 cm. Figure 1 (Right) After applying mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate on both sides of the ditch, cover with a 2cm thin layer of soil. The amount of mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate per mu is 1.9kg, 170kg, 11kg, 36kg and 12kg respectively. The mixture A used includes γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl cloth, and the mass ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl cloth is 9:9:1.

[0026] (2) Sow 4939 potato tubers per mu, with a plant spacing of about 15cm. Place the potato tubers in the middle of the furrow and cover them with soil. When covering with film, press the film tightly against the ridge surface and flatten it. Break the film in time when the potato seedlings are on top of the film to avoid burning the seedlings.

[0027] (3) 90 days after sowing, potatoes enter the tuber enlargement period. Apply 9 kg of urea, 17 kg of superphosphate and 11 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0028] The potatoes matured 120 days after planting, and the yield was 2978 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

[0029] Example 2

[0030] This embodiment was conducted as a field trial in Nanzhuang Village, Wanqiao Town, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with a cultivated land area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The specific planting method is as follows:

[0031] (2) 3-5 days before sowing in mid-to-late January, level the land to a depth of 30cm. Potatoes are planted in single-row, single-ridge mulching. Furrows are dug and ridges are made, with a ridge width of 50cm, a ridge height of 28cm, and a ridge spacing of 28cm. Figure 1 (Right) After applying mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate on both sides of the ditch, cover with a 2cm thin layer of soil. The amount of mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate per mu is 2.2kg, 180kg, 12kg, 39kg and 13kg respectively. The mixture A used includes γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl cloth, and the mass ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl cloth is 10:10:1.5.

[0032] (2) Sow 5342 potato tubers per mu, with a plant spacing of about 16cm. Place the potato tubers in the middle of the furrow and cover them with soil. When covering with film, press the film tightly against the ridge surface and flatten it. Break the film in time when the potato seedlings are on top of the film to avoid burning the seedlings.

[0033] (3) 90 days after sowing, potatoes enter the tuber enlargement period. Apply 10 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate and 12 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0034] The potatoes matured 120 days after planting, and the yield was 3144 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

[0035] Example 3

[0036] This embodiment was conducted as a field trial in Dabai Village, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, with a cultivated land area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). The specific planting method is as follows:

[0037] (3) 3-5 days before sowing in mid-to-late April, level the land to a depth of 30cm. Potatoes are planted in single-row, double-span mulch, with furrows and ridges, ridge width 90cm, ridge height 30cm, and ridge spacing 30cm. Figure 1 (Left) After applying mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate between the two ditches, cover with a 2cm thin layer of soil. The amount of mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate per mu is 2kg, 180kg, 12kg, 39kg and 13kg respectively. The mixture A used includes γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl cloth, and the mass ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl cloth is 10:10:1.

[0038] (2) Sow 5051 potato tubers with a row spacing of about 30cm and a plant spacing of about 22cm. Place the tubers in the middle of the furrow and cover them with soil. When covering with film, press the film tightly against the ridge surface and flatten it. Break the film in time when the potato seedlings are on top of the film to avoid burning the seedlings.

[0039] (3) 105 days after sowing, potatoes enter the tuber enlargement period. Apply 10 kg of urea, 18 kg of superphosphate and 12 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0040] The potatoes matured 132 days after planting, and the yield was 3018 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] As a comparative example, this comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the mixture A used does not contain butyl cloth.

[0043] This comparative study was conducted in a field trial in Nanzhuang Village, Wanqiao Town, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with a cultivated land area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The specific planting methods are as follows:

[0044] (1) The land should be leveled and tilled 3 to 5 days before sowing in mid to late January, with a depth of 30 cm. Potatoes should be planted in single rows on single ridges with mulch. The ridges should be 60 cm wide and 30 cm high, with a furrow spacing of 30 cm. Figure 1 (Right) After applying mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate on both sides of the ditch, cover with a 2cm thin layer of soil. The amount of mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate per mu is 1.8kg, 170kg, 11kg, 36kg and 12kg respectively. The mixture A used includes γ-aminobutyric acid and chitosan, and the mass ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid to chitosan is 1:1.

[0045] (2) Sow 4939 potato tubers per mu, with a plant spacing of about 15cm. Place the potato tubers in the middle of the furrow and cover them with soil. When covering with film, press the film tightly against the ridge surface and flatten it. Break the film in time when the potato seedlings are on top of the film to avoid burning the seedlings.

[0046] (3) 90 days after sowing, potatoes enter the tuber enlargement period. Apply 9 kg of urea, 17 kg of superphosphate and 11 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0047] The potatoes matured 120 days after planting, and the yield was 2648 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

[0048] Comparative Example 2

[0049] As a comparative example, this comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the mixture A used does not contain γ-aminobutyric acid.

[0050] This embodiment was conducted as a field trial in Nanzhuang Village, Wanqiao Town, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with a cultivated land area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The specific planting method is as follows:

[0051] (1) The land should be leveled and tilled 3 to 5 days before sowing in mid to late January, with a depth of 30 cm. Potatoes should be planted in single rows on single ridges with mulch. The ridges should be 60 cm wide and 30 cm high, with a furrow spacing of 30 cm. Figure 1 (Right) After applying mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate on both sides of the ditch, cover with a 2cm thin layer of soil. The amount of mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate per mu is 1kg, 170kg, 11kg, 36kg and 12kg respectively. The mixture A used includes chitosan and butyl cloth, and the mass ratio of chitosan to butyl cloth is 9:1.

[0052] (2) Sow 4939 potato tubers per mu, with a plant spacing of about 15cm. Place the potato tubers in the middle of the furrow and cover them with soil. When covering with film, press the film tightly against the ridge surface and flatten it. Break the film in time when the potato seedlings are on top of the film to avoid burning the seedlings.

[0053] (3) 90 days after sowing, potatoes enter the tuber enlargement period. Apply 9 kg of urea, 17 kg of superphosphate and 11 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0054] The potatoes matured 120 days after planting, and the yield was 2833 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] As a comparative example, this comparative example differs from Example 1 in that the mixture A used contains only butyl cloth.

[0057] This embodiment was conducted as a field trial in Nanzhuang Village, Wanqiao Town, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, with a cultivated land area of ​​1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres). The specific planting method is as follows:

[0058] (1) The land should be leveled and tilled 3 to 5 days before sowing in mid to late January, with a depth of 30 cm. Potatoes should be planted in single rows on single ridges with mulch. The ridges should be 60 cm wide, 30 cm high, and 30 cm apart. Figure 1 (Right) After applying butyl cloth, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate on both sides of the ditch, cover it with a 2cm thin layer of soil. The amount of butyl cloth, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate per mu is 0.1kg, 170kg, 11kg, 36kg and 12kg respectively.

[0059] (2) Sow 4939 potato tubers per mu, with a plant spacing of about 15cm. Place the potato tubers in the middle of the furrow and cover them with soil. When covering with film, press the film tightly against the ridge surface and flatten it. Break the film in time when the potato seedlings are on top of the film to avoid burning the seedlings.

[0060] (3) 90 days after sowing, potatoes enter the tuber enlargement period. Apply 9 kg of urea, 17 kg of superphosphate and 11 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0061] The potatoes matured 120 days after planting, and the yield was 2777 kg per mu (approximately 0.16 acres).

Claims

1. A method for increasing potato yield, characterized in that: Specifically, the steps include the following: (1) Soil preparation before sowing: level the cultivated land and make furrows and ridges; (2) Base fertilizer before potato planting: Mixture A, organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are applied to the treated cultivated land; the mixture A includes γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl phosphate, wherein the mass ratio of γ-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and butyl phosphate is (9~10):(9~10):(1~1.5); (3) Topdressing during the tuber enlargement period of potatoes: Apply urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate as topdressing; In step (2), the application rates of organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are 170~180 kg / mu, 11~12 kg / mu, 36~39 kg / mu and 12~13 kg / mu, respectively; The dosages of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate in step (3) are 9~10 kg / mu, 17~20 kg / mu and 11~12 kg / mu, respectively.

2. The method for increasing potato yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: Potatoes are planted using single-row or double-row mulching on single ridges, with 4,500 to 5,000 tubers planted per acre. The mulch is broken off promptly when the potato seedlings emerge from the mulch.

3. The method for increasing potato yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the amount of mixture A used is 1.9~2.2 kg / mu.

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