Method for prolonging flowering periods of potted flowers and cut flowers of cymbidium ensifolium

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for prolonging flowering periods of potted flowers and cut flowers of cymbidium ensifolium. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a 1-MCP medicine bag; (2) preparing a mixed preparation of 6-BA and KH2PO4; (3) potted flower treatment: uniformly spraying a mixed preparation on leaf surfaces until water drips from the leaf surfaces; wetting the 1-MCP medicine bag with clear water, putting the 1-MCP medicine bag into the base part of the potted plant, sealing and fumigating at the same time, removing the sealed potted plant, and putting the potted plant in a cool and ventilated place; and (4) cut flower treatment: firstly putting the scapes into a plastic tube containing the mixed preparation, then putting a frame containing the built orchid scapes into a sealing box, then wetting the 1-MCP medicine bag with clear water, putting the 1-MCP medicine bag into the sealing box, simultaneously sealing and fumigating, taking out the cut flowers after fumigating treatment, and putting the cut flowers in a cool and ventilated place. The method is easy to operate and control, low in cost, good in repeatability, suitable for being applied to production of potted flowers of cymbidium ensifolium and preservation of cut flowers, and capable of effectively reducing ethylene synthesis in the flowers, delaying senescence, prolonging the blooming time and improving the overall quality of the cymbidium ensifolium.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for prolonging the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium orchid, and to the technical field of flower preservation and cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Jianlan is a temperate terrestrial orchid of the genus Cymbidium in the family Orchidaceae. It has a long history of cultivation and a wide variety of varieties. It has multiple flowers on one stem and a unique fragrance. The flowering period is from June to October, and it can bloom many times a year when conditions are suitable. Jianlan has an elegant posture and a delicate fragrance. It is deeply loved by consumers and has high ornamental and economic value.

[0003] It takes about 1-3 weeks for Jianlan to bloom and fall off under different varieties and different temperature conditions. The short flowering time of Jianlan affects the ornamental and commercial value of its potted and cut flowers. Therefore, finding effective technical measures to extend the flowering time of Jianlan is of great significance for improving the flowering quality of Jianlan and promoting the development of the Jianlan industry. However, there is no research on the development of preservatives for Jianlan potted and cut flowers.

[0004] 1-MCP, chemical name 1-methylcyclopropene, is safe and harmless. It is in gaseous state in its natural state. It is a highly effective inhibitor of ethylene action. It can effectively compete for the binding of ethylene to ethylene receptors, thereby inhibiting the physiological and biochemical reactions induced by ethylene (Gao Mingyi et al., 2024). It has significant effects in inhibiting plant aging and prolonging flowering period. It is widely used in the transportation, post-harvest storage and preservation of vegetables and fruits.

[0005] 6-BA, chemically known as 6-benzylaminopurine, is a cytokinin and a relatively environmentally safe plant growth regulator. It is highly effective, stable, and inexpensive. The main physiological effects of 6-BA are to promote cell division and induce flower bud differentiation, relieve water stress during flowering, delay aging, and prolong flowering time.

[0006] KH2PO4 can effectively supplement phosphorus and potassium elements during the flowering process of plants, promote nutrient transport, delay aging, and promote flower bud differentiation. Reasonable use of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can promote the formation of flower buds, thereby increasing the number of flowers.

[0007] 1-MCP is rarely used in orchids, especially in potted orchid cultivation or cut flower preservation, and there is no patent technology for preservatives for prolonging the flowering period of orchid plants. In addition, 1-MCP is currently mostly used alone in flowers, and the development of compound preparations with growth regulators and nutritional elements has not been reported. On the basis of clarifying the optimal 1-MCP application conditions, combined with the use of plant growth regulators 6-BA and KH2PO4, the concentration and treatment measures that can delay the senescence of Jianlan flowers and prolong the flowering time are screened out, which can provide a reference for delaying the senescence of Jianlan and other Chinese orchid potted and cut flowers and improving the ornamental quality. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for prolonging the flowering period of Jianlan potted flowers and cut flowers, so as to effectively inhibit the synthesis of ethylene in Jianlan flowers and prolong the flowering time. The method has good stability, simple and easy operation, and can solve the problems of short viewing period and high transportation cost caused by the short flowering period of Jianlan flowers.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for extending the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium orchid, using 1-methylcyclopropene, 6-benzylaminopurine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate for composite treatment, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) After weighing 1-MCP powder, mix it with 100 times the mass of carbon powder as an adsorbent, mix well and wrap it with filter paper to make a drug bag;

[0011] (2) preparing a mixed preparation of 6-BA and KH2PO4, wherein the concentration of the mixed preparation is 10-60 mg / L 6-BA and 10-80 mg / L KH2PO4;

[0012] (3) Potted flower treatment: First, use a mixture of 6-BA and KH2PO4 to spray the leaves evenly until water drips from the leaves; then moisten the 1-MCP drug package with clean water and place it at the base of the potted plant, and at the same time seal the entire potted plant with a transparent plastic bag. After fumigation for a certain period of time, remove the sealed transparent plastic bag, and then place the potted flowers in a cool and ventilated place for a certain period of time;

[0013] (4) Cut flower treatment: Treat one flower stalk as a unit, when the flower is in the initial opening stage or color change stage; first place the flower stalk in a plastic tube containing the mixed preparation, then put the rack containing the stalks of Cymbidium in a sealed box, then moisten the 1-MCP drug package with clean water and put it in the sealed box, and seal it at the same time. Fumigate for a certain period of time. After the fumigation treatment, take out the cut flowers and place them in a cool and ventilated place for a certain period of time.

[0014] Preferably, in the step (1), when the drug package is used, the filter paper is moistened with clean water and then immediately placed in a closed environment to wait for the 1-MCP gas to volatilize; the concentration of 1-MCP in potted flowers and cut flowers is 0.1-1.0 mg / L, and the 1-MCP concentration = 1-MCP powder mass (mg)\sealed space volume (L).

[0015] Preferably, for potted flowers with 2-8 peduncles, the closed space for treatment is 10 L, and the treatment concentration of 1-MCP is 0.25-0.5 mg / L.

[0016] Preferably, for cut flowers of a single pedicel, the enclosed space is 5 L and the required suitable concentration is 0.5-1.0 mg / L.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), 10 mg of 6-BA is weighed and put into a beaker, 1.0 mol / L NaOH solution is added to dissolve, and then water is added to make the volume up to 100 ml, i.e., a 6-BA mother solution with a concentration of 100 mg / L is prepared; 100 mg of KH2PO4 is weighed and put into a beaker, and water is added to make the volume up to 1000 ml, i.e., a KH2PO4 mother solution with a concentration of 100 mg / L is prepared; and then the mixture is prepared and diluted according to the required concentration.

[0018] Preferably, potted flowers with 2-8 pedicels are treated with a composite solution of 40-60 mg / L 6-BA and 40-80 mg / L KH2PO4.

[0019] Preferably, the cut flowers of a single pedicel are treated with a composite solution of 10-20 mg / L 6-BA and 10-40 mg / L KH2PO4.

[0020] Preferably, orchids are acid-loving plants, so dilute hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH of the solution to between 5.5 and 6.5.

[0021] Preferably, in step (3), potted Jianlan flowers whose buds are in the color change stage to the initial opening stage are processed; and in step (4), Jianlan flower stalks that have just been cut are processed when the flowers are in the initial opening stage or the color change stage.

[0022] Preferably, in step (3), for potted flowers with 2-8 peduncles, the amount of the composite solvent required to be sprayed is 50 ml; in step (4), for cut flowers with a single peduncles, the amount of the composite solvent required is 5 ml.

[0023] Preferably, in steps (3) and (4), the fumigation treatment time of potted flowers and cut flowers is 24 hours, and they are placed in a cool and ventilated place for 1 hour after fumigation treatment.

[0024] In summary, the method for extending the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium orchid is further described as follows:

[0025] Treat potted flowers with 2-8 scapes per pot and 2-6 flowers per scape. Treat when most of the buds are in the color change period and the tops of the buds have not yet cracked. When treating, first spray the leaves evenly with 50ml of a mixed solution of 6-BA (40-60mg / L) and KH2PO4 (40-80mg / L) until the leaves drip; then moisten the optimal concentration of 1-MCP with clean water and put it into the plant, immediately seal the entire pot of plants with a 10L plastic bag, remove the sealed bag after fumigation for 24 hours, and place it in a cool and ventilated place for 1 hour.

[0026] Treat a scape with 2-6 flowers as a unit, and most of the flowers are in the initial opening stage or color change stage during the treatment. Place the scape in a plastic centrifuge tube containing 5ml of a mixed solution of 6-BA (10-20mg / L) and KH2PO4 (10-40mg / L). Place the rack with the scape of the Cymbidium cyrtonema in a sealed box with a capacity of 5L, then moisten the 1-MCP drug package with the optimal concentration with clean water and place it in the sealed box, seal it immediately, and fumigate for 24 hours. After treatment, take out the cut flowers and place them in a cool and ventilated place for 1 hour.

[0027] Furthermore, the ambient temperature of the potted cut flowers is 20-25°C.

[0028] Furthermore, for potted flowers, the 1-MCP drug package of claim 1-(3) is replaced with a fresh one every two days, and a mixed solution of 6-BA and KH2PO4 is sprayed, and the treatment is performed twice during the entire flowering period.

[0029] Furthermore, for cut flowers, the newly prepared 1-MCP drug package and the mixed solution of 6-BA and KH2PO4 described in claim 1-(4) are replaced every 2 days, and the treatment is performed twice during the entire flowering period.

[0030] Furthermore, the water used in the preparation process of the various types of preservatives is deionized water.

[0031] Furthermore, the 1-MCP and the compound can also be used for Jianlan varieties and other Chinese orchid species, such as Chunlan and Huilan.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention provides a composite application method for prolonging the flowering period of Jianlan potted flowers and cut flowers, which effectively slows down the release of ethylene in Jianlan potted flowers, ensures the freshness and vigor of Jianlan potted flowers and cut flowers, effectively prolongs the flowering period of Jianlan potted flowers by 4-7 days and the flowering period of cut flowers by 3-8 days, and effectively improves the overall quality of Jianlan.

[0034] (2) The composite preparation of the present invention consists of only three chemical substances, is simple to prepare, and is convenient to implement; it is simple and easy to operate and control, and is easy to promote and apply; it can be sprayed at a high throughput, meeting the application requirements of large-scale production.

[0035] (3) The present invention is not limited by the varieties of Jianlan and can achieve the effect of extending the flowering period for different varieties of Jianlan under suitable conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1The effect of 1-MCP, 6-BA and KH2PO4 combined treatment for 8 days on the senescence of potted flowers of Jianlan 'Tiebesu'; where: (A) control; (B) 0.25mg / L 1-MCP; (C) 0.25mg / L 1-MCP+60mg / L 6-BA+40mg / L KH2PO4 combined solution.

[0037] Figure 2 Effects of different treatments on the flower shedding rate (A), ornamental life (B) and ethylene release (C) of Jianlan 'Tiegusu' potted flowers.

[0038] Figure 3 Effects of different treatments on flower shedding rate (A), ornamental life (B) and ethylene release (C) of cut flowers of Cymbidium 'Tiebesu'. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The flowering period of potted flowers of Jianlan variety 'Tiegusu' was prolonged by using 1-MCP combined with 6-BA and KH2PO4.

[0042] (1) Preliminary material preparation, 1-MCP drug package preparation and composite solution preparation The solution preparation steps are the same as those in Example 1 (Table 1);

[0043] Table 1 Compound treatment concentration of Jianlan potted flowers (mg / L)

[0044]

[0045] (2) Select potted flowers with 2-8 scapes per pot and 2-6 flowers per scape for treatment. Treat when most of the flower buds are in the color change period and the tops of the flower buds have not yet cracked. When treating, first spray the leaves evenly with 50ml of 6-BA, KH2PO4 mixed solution until the leaves drip; then moisten the drug bag with a concentration of 0.25mg / L 1-MCP with clean water and put it into the plant, immediately seal the entire pot of plants with a plastic bag, remove the sealed bag after fumigation for 24 hours, and place it in a cool and ventilated place.

[0046] (3) After the treatment, normal fertilizer and water management was carried out. The results showed that after the composite treatment of 0.25 mg / L 1-MCP, 60 mg / L 6-BA, and 40 mg / L KH2PO4, compared with the untreated control material, the ethylene release was reduced by 13%, the shedding rate was reduced by 51%, and the average flowering period was extended by 6.8 days; compared with the potted flowers treated with only 6-BA and KH2PO4 but not 1-MCP, the ethylene release was reduced by 8%, the shedding rate was reduced by 38%, and the average flowering period was extended by 4.6 days; compared with the potted flowers treated with 1-MCP alone but not 6-BA and KH2PO4 composite agents, the ethylene release was reduced by 4%, the shedding rate was reduced by 26%, and the average flowering period was extended by 3.3 days ( Figure 1 ; Figure 2 ).

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The flowering period of cut flowers of Cymbidium orchid 'Tiebesu' was prolonged by using 1-MCP drug package combined with 6-BA and KH2PO4.

[0049] (1) Preliminary material preparation, 1-MCP drug package preparation and composite solution preparation The solution preparation steps are the same as those in Example 2 (Table 2);

[0050] Table 2 Compound treatment concentration of Jianlan cut flowers (mg / L)

[0051]

[0052] (2) Treat a scape with 2-6 small flowers as a unit. Most of the flowers are in the initial opening stage or color change stage during treatment. Place the scape in a centrifuge tube containing 5 ml of a mixed solution of 6-BA and KH2PO4. Then put the test tube rack containing the scape of Cymbidium japonicum into a sealed box with a capacity of 5L, and then moisten the 1-MCP drug package of the corresponding concentration (0.5 mg / L) with clean water and put it into the sealed box, seal it immediately, and fumigate for 24 hours. After treatment, take out the cut flowers and place them in a cool and ventilated place.

[0053] (3) After the treatment, the normal regular replacement of clean water management was carried out. The results showed that after the treatment with 0.5 mg / L 1-MCP, 10 mg / L 6-BA, and 40 mg / L composite, compared with the untreated control material, the ethylene release was reduced by 72%, the shedding rate was reduced by 33%, and the average flowering period was extended by 7.1 days; compared with the cut flowers treated with only 6-BA and KH2PO4 without 1-MCP, the ethylene release was reduced by 54%, the shedding rate was reduced by 19%, and the average flowering period was extended by 4.3 days; compared with the cut flowers treated with 1-MCP alone without 6-BA and KH2PO4 composite agents, the ethylene release was reduced by 7%, the shedding rate was reduced by 31%, and the average flowering period was extended by 2.9 days ( Figure 3 ).

[0054] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the protection scope of the present invention in any form, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement and the like fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by the prior art.

Claims

1. A method for extending the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium orchid, characterized in that: The composite treatment using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) specifically includes the following steps: (1) After weighing 1-MCP powder, a certain multiple of its mass of carbon powder is mixed in as an adsorbent, and after mixing evenly, the mixture is wrapped with filter paper to prepare a drug bag; (2) preparing a mixed preparation of 6-BA and KH2PO4, wherein the concentration of the mixed preparation is 10-60 mg / L 6-BA and 10-80 mg / L KH2PO4; (3) Potted flower treatment: First, use a mixture of 6-BA and KH2PO4 to spray the leaves evenly until water drips from the leaves; then moisten the 1-MCP drug package with clean water and place it at the base of the potted plant, and at the same time seal the entire potted plant with a transparent plastic bag. After fumigation for a certain period of time, remove the sealed transparent plastic bag, and then place the potted flowers in a cool and ventilated place for a certain period of time; (4) Cut flower treatment: Treat one scape as a unit, when the flower is in the initial opening stage or color change stage; first place the scape in a plastic tube containing the mixed preparation, then place the rack containing the scapes of the Cymbidium in a sealed box, then moisten the 1-MCP drug package with clean water and place it in the sealed box, which is then sealed at the same time. Fumigation is performed for a certain period of time. After fumigation, the cut flowers are taken out and placed in a cool and ventilated place for a certain period of time.

2. A method for extending the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium wilfordii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), when the drug package is used, the filter paper is moistened with clean water, and then immediately placed in a closed environment to wait for the 1-MCP gas to volatilize; the concentration of 1-MCP in potted flowers and cut flowers is 0.1-1.0 mg / L, and the 1-MCP concentration = 1-MCP powder mass (mg)\sealed space volume (L).

3. A method for extending the flowering period of Cymbidium orchid potted flowers and cut flowers according to claim 2, characterized in that: For potted flowers with 2-8 pedicels, the closed space for treatment was 10L and the treatment concentration of 1-MCP was 0.25-0.5mg / L.

4. A method for extending the flowering period of Cymbidium orchid potted flowers and cut flowers according to claim 2, characterized in that: For cut flowers with a single pedicel, the enclosed space is 5L and the required suitable concentration is 0.5-1.0mg / L.

5. A method for prolonging the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), 10 mg of 6-BA is weighed and put into a beaker, 1.0 mol / L NaOH solution is added to dissolve, and then water is added to make the volume up to 100 ml, i.e., a 6-BA mother solution with a concentration of 100 mg / L is prepared; 100 mg of KH2PO4 is weighed and put into a beaker, and water is added to make the volume up to 1000 ml, i.e., a KH2PO4 mother solution with a concentration of 100 mg / L is prepared; and then the mixture is prepared and diluted according to the required concentration.

6. A method for prolonging the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), potted flowers with 2-8 pedicels are treated with a composite solution of 40-60 mg / L 6-BA and 40-80 mg / L KH2PO4.

7. A method for prolonging the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the cut flowers of a single pedicel are treated with a composite solution of 10-20 mg / L 6-BA and 10-40 mg / L KH2PO4.

8. A method for prolonging the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), potted Jianlan flowers whose buds are in the color change stage to the initial opening stage are processed; in the step (4), Jianlan flower stalks that have just been cut and are in the initial opening stage or the color change stage are processed.

9. A method for prolonging the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), for potted flowers with 2-8 peduncles, the amount of the composite solvent required for spraying is 50 ml; in step (4), for cut flowers with a single peduncle, the amount of the composite solvent required is 5 ml.

10. The method for prolonging the flowering period of potted and cut flowers of Cymbidium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps (3) and (4), the fumigation time of the potted flowers and cut flowers is 24 hours, and they are placed in a cool and ventilated place for 1 hour after fumigation.

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