Special fertilizer for strawberry fertilizer reduction and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a special fertilizer for strawberry chemical fertilizer reduction and a preparation method and application thereof.The present application provides a special fertilizer for strawberry chemical fertilizer reduction taking rapeseed cake and bean cake fermentation fertilizer as main raw materials.The special fertilizer can effectively reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer, improve the soil environment and pH, and is beneficial to improve the yield and quality of strawberries and further increase economic benefits.The present application also provides a preparation method of the special fertilizer, which successfully realizes the purpose of preparing the special fertilizer for strawberry chemical fertilizer reduction by taking rapeseed cake, bean cake and straw as main raw materials, and the method can produce high-fertilizer-efficiency and low-cost special organic fertilizer for strawberries within 20-30 days, overcome the defects of long composting time, large fertilizer loss, and the defects of the strawberry grower such as miscellaneous fertilizer, large amount of fertilizer and high cost, and the method has the advantages of simple operation and convenient preparation, which is not only beneficial to shorten the fermentation period, but also can reduce the loss of nitrogen.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a special fertilizer for strawberry fertilizer reduction and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fertilizer is an important part of agricultural production, and plays a decisive role in the development of agriculture in China. However, the efficiency of fertilizer is limited by the law of diminishing returns, and there are certain limitations in agricultural production. At present, the phenomenon of blind fertilization is serious in the stage of agricultural production, which causes the decrease of crop yield, soil compaction, agricultural non-point source pollution and other phenomena. The fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology is to realize the reduction of fertilizer and the increase of output ratio of fertilization under the condition of stable crop yield by using scientific fertilization method and new type of fertilizer.

[0003] At present, the unreasonable use of fertilizer in strawberry cultivation leads to the decrease of soil organic matter content, the imbalance of mineral nutrient supply, the acidification and compaction of soil, the decrease of soil fertility and other problems, which ultimately causes the decrease of product quality and the destruction of ecological environment. Moreover, there are many types of fertilizers on the market, and the effects are various and mixed. It is difficult for farmers to choose fertilizers that match the high yield and high quality of crops, which greatly restricts the healthy development of the industry. Therefore, it is urgent to support the production technology of fertilizer reduction and efficiency to maintain the ecological development of the industry. Therefore, the present application provides a new type of functional fertilizer specially applied to strawberry industry, which is very important to solve the problems of soil degradation and decrease of strawberry yield caused by excessive use of fertilizer in the process of strawberry planting. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a special fertilizer for strawberry fertilizer reduction and a preparation method and application thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The special fertilizer for strawberry fertilizer reduction provided by the present application can effectively reduce the amount of fertilizer, improve the soil environment and pH, and is beneficial to improve the yield and quality of strawberries.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0006] The present application provides a special fertilizer for strawberry fertilizer reduction, which comprises rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer and bean cake fermentation fertilizer.

[0007] The rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: rapeseed cake, rice bran, straw, eggshell, high-temperature fermentation agent and water; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the rice bran, the straw, the eggshell, the high-temperature fermentation agent and the water is (10-15) :(30-35) :(30-35) :(8-10) :(1-1.8) :(80-100) ;

[0008] The bean cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: bean cake, rice bran, straw, eggshell, high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and water; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the rice bran, the straw, the eggshell, the high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and the water is (5-10) :(20-25) :(30-35) :(7-10) :(1-1.6) :(80-100).

[0009] Further preferably, the rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in the following amounts in mass: 10-15 kg of rapeseed cake, 30-35 kg of rice bran, 30-35 kg of straw, 8-10 kg of eggshell, 1-1.8 kg of high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and 80-100 kg of water.

[0010] The bean cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in the following amounts in mass: 5-10 kg of bean cake, 20-25 kg of rice bran, 30-35 kg of straw, 7-10 kg of eggshell, 1-1.6 kg of high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and 80-100 kg of water.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer and the bean cake fermentation fertilizer is 1:1.

[0012] Preferably, the high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent comprises ordinary high-temperature actinomycetes, Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus subtilis.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of the rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0014] The rapeseed cake, the straw, the eggshell and the water are mixed to obtain fermentation raw materials; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the straw, the eggshell and the water is (10-15) :(30-35) :(8-10) :(80-100);

[0015] The high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain standby fermentation bacterial agent; the mass ratio of the high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and the rice bran is (30-35) :(1-1.8) based on the mass of the rapeseed cake;

[0016] The fermentation raw materials and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed, and then compost fermentation is performed to obtain the rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of the bean cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0018] The bean cake, the straw, the eggshell and the water are mixed to obtain fermentation raw materials; the mass ratio of the bean cake, the straw, the eggshell and the water is (5-10) :(20-25) :(7-10) :(80-100);

[0019] Mix the high-temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran to obtain a standby fermentation agent; the mass ratio of the high-temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35):(1-1.6) based on the mass of the soybean meal;

[0020] After mixing the fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation agent, compost fermentation is performed to obtain the soybean meal fermented fertilizer.

[0021] Further preferably, the straw includes rice straw or wheat straw; but is not limited to rice straw and wheat straw.

[0022] The application provides a preparation method of the strawberry fertilizer special for reduced application, which comprises the following steps:

[0023] Mix the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer and the soybean meal fermented fertilizer uniformly to obtain the strawberry fertilizer special for reduced application.

[0024] Preferably, the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer to the soybean meal fermented fertilizer is 1:1.

[0025] Preferably, the preparation method of the rapeseed fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0026] Mix the rapeseed cake, the straw, the eggshell and the water to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the straw, the eggshell and the water is (10-15):(30-35):(8-10):(80-100);

[0027] Mix the high-temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran to obtain a standby fermentation agent; the mass ratio of the high-temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35):(1-1.8) based on the mass of the rapeseed cake.

[0028] After mixing the fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation agent, compost fermentation is performed to obtain the rapeseed cake fermented fertilizer.

[0029] Preferably, the preparation method of the soybean meal fermented fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0030] Mix the soybean meal, the straw, the eggshell and the water to obtain a fermentation raw material; the mass ratio of the soybean meal, the straw, the eggshell and the water is (5-10):(20-25):(7-10):(80-100);

[0031] Mix the high-temperature fermentation agent and the rice bran to obtain a standby fermentation agent; the mass ratio of the high-temperature fermentation agent to the rice bran is (30-35):(1-1.6) based on the mass of the soybean meal.

[0032] After the fermentation raw material and the standby fermentation microbial agent are mixed, compost fermentation is carried out, and the fermented bean cake fertilizer is obtained.

[0033] The application provides application of the special fertilizer for reducing application of strawberry fertilizer in one or more of the following aspects,

[0034] (1) application in improving yield of strawberries;

[0035] (2) application in improving quality of strawberries;

[0036] (3) application in improving soil;

[0037] (4) application in reducing application amount of fertilizer.

[0038] Further preferably, the improved quality of strawberries is improved sugar content of strawberries.

[0039] The application discloses the following technical effects:

[0040] The application provides a special fertilizer for reducing application of strawberry fertilizer, which takes rapeseed cake and bean cake fermented fertilizer as main raw materials.

[0041] The application also provides a preparation method of the special fertilizer, which successfully realizes the purpose of preparing the special fertilizer for reducing application of strawberry fertilizer by taking rapeseed cake, bean cake and straw as main raw materials, and the method can produce the special organic fertilizer for strawberries with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost within 20-30 days. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0043] Figure 1 Degradation effects of different microbial agent combinations on rapeseed cake and bean cake;

[0044] Figure 2 Temperature change graph of rapeseed cake mixed compost; wherein, the control is A treatment, and the microbial agent is MA treatment;

[0045] Figure 3 Figure 10 is a graph of temperature change of mixed compost of soybean cake; wherein control is B treatment and inoculant is MB treatment;

[0046] Figure 4 Figure 9 is a graph of seed germination rate of mixed compost of rapeseed cake; wherein control is A treatment and inoculant is MA treatment;

[0047] Figure 5 Figure 10 is a graph of temperature change of mixed compost of soybean cake; wherein control is B treatment and inoculant is MB treatment;

[0048] Figure 6 Figure 11 is a graph of sugar content change of strawberry in January of different treatments;

[0049] Figure 7 Figure 12 is a graph of sugar content change of strawberry in March of different treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Various exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The detailed description is made with reference to the drawings, in which like numerals indicate like elements, and is intended to explain the present application, not to limit it. The following detailed description includes specificities that allow a person skilled in the art to carry out the application. These specifics do not limit the protection scope of the application, but serve only to describe certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the application.

[0051] It should be understood that the terms used in the present application merely describe particular embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present application, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is specifically disclosed. Each smaller range within any stated range or within any stated intermediate value is also encompassed within the scope of the present application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, preferred methods and materials are described. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe in full the methods and / or materials which are described therein. In case of conflict, the content of the present specification will control.

[0053] Various modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the description and examples presented herein. The description and examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0054] As used herein, "comprise", "comprising", "having", "including", "contain", "containing", "include" and the like are open-ended terms that are intended to mean including but not limited to.

[0055] Example 1 Screening of rapeseed cake or soybean cake fermentation agent

[0056] 5 g of rapeseed cake and soybean cake (referred to as dry weight M1) were weighed into a flask, 100 mL of culture solution containing NaCl, K2HPO4 and KH2PO4 (the concentration of NaCl in the culture solution was 1 mg / mL, the concentration of K2HPO4 was 1 mg / mL, and the concentration of KH2PO4 was 1 mg / mL) was added, and sterilized at 121°C for 20 min to obtain sterilized rapeseed cake culture solution and sterilized soybean cake culture solution.

[0057] Common thermophilic actinomycetes SHBCC D82675 (the strain was purchased from Shanghai Jiachu Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.), Bacillus velezensis (purchased from Ningbo Mingzhou Biological Technology Co., Ltd.), and Bacillus subtilis (the strain was purchased from Ningliang Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.) were respectively cultured to prepare bacterial suspensions, and the effective viable bacterial count in each bacterial suspension was 10 8 CFU / mL.

[0058] 3 mL of mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis and common thermophilic actinomycetes (the bacterial suspensions of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis and common thermophilic actinomycetes were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1) was added to the sterilized rapeseed cake culture solution and the sterilized soybean cake culture solution, respectively, and was recorded as C and D. At the same time, rapeseed cake culture solution (CK-C) and soybean cake culture solution (CK-D) without bacterial agent were set as controls, and each treatment had 3 replicates. After 5 days of culture at 37°C and 180 rpm, filtration was performed, the centrifugal liquid was discarded, and then drying and weighing were performed to obtain M2, and the degradation rate was calculated. The calculation formula of the degradation rate was: degradation rate = (M1-M2) / M1. The results are shown in Table 2. Figure 1 The results showed that the degradation efficiency of soybean cake and rapeseed cake by different mixed bacteria was about 75%, which was much higher than that of the control (10%). Therefore, the mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus velezensis, common thermophilic actinomycetes and Bacillus subtilis was used for fermentation of rapeseed cake and soybean cake.

[0059] Example 2 Composting test

[0060] ①Rapeseed cake, rice bran and wheat straw were configured in a mass ratio of 1:3:3 to obtain rapeseed cake mixed fermentation material (A), and soybean cake, rice bran and straw were configured in a mass ratio of 1:4:5 to obtain soybean cake mixed fermentation material (B) (the properties of each raw material are shown in Table 1), and the carbon-nitrogen ratio was adjusted to 25, and the moisture content was 60%. Eggshell chips (the amount of eggshell chips was 8.7% of the mass of the rapeseed cake mixed fermentation material or the soybean cake mixed fermentation material) were added for composting, which was used as a control.

[0061] ② Set up simultaneous facility inoculant treatment, marked as MA and MB. 1 kg of high-temperature fermentation inoculant (mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus velezensis, Actinomyces vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, prepared in Example 1), 150-180 kg of fermentable rapeseed cake mixed fermentation material or soybean cake mixed fermentation material;

[0062] The steps for preparing rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer are: first, uniformly dry-dilute 1.8 kg of high-temperature fermentation inoculant and 30 kg of rice bran without water to obtain fermentation inoculant for standby; then, uniformly mix 30 kg of straw (wheat straw), 8 kg of eggshells, 10 kg of rapeseed cake and 97.7 kg of water to obtain fermentation raw materials, and the mixed rapeseed cake is obtained by mixing the rapeseed cake and the uniformly mixed fermentation inoculant, to obtain the fermentation rapeseed cake mixture (MA).

[0063] The steps for preparing soybean cake fermentation fertilizer are: first, uniformly dry-dilute 1.5 kg of high-temperature fermentation inoculant and 24 kg of rice bran without water to obtain fermentation inoculant for standby; then, uniformly mix 30 kg of straw (wheat straw), 7 kg of eggshells, 6 kg of soybean cake and 84.0 kg of water to obtain fermentation raw materials, and the mixed soybean cake is obtained by mixing the soybean cake and the uniformly mixed fermentation inoculant, to obtain the fermentation soybean cake mixture (MB), and attention should be paid to adjusting the suitable moisture content and controlling the moisture content of the raw materials between 55-65%.

[0064] ③ Build fermentation pile: build fermentation pile for the mixture obtained in steps ① and ②, and the fermentation pile is generally 1.5 m wide, 2 m long, and the total volume is not less than 1 m 3 After building, cover the pile with a breathable film to achieve shading and rain protection.

[0065] ④ Turn the pile: after the fermentation starts, the temperature can rise to 60℃ or above, turn the pile every 8 days, and add water to about 60%, and the fermentation can be completed after 3 times of turning.

[0066] ⑤ Add nitrifying inoculant: when the compost temperature drops below 40℃, add 0.8 kg of heterotrophic nitrifying inoculant - H. euri suspension (preserved number: CGMCC No. 29279, disclosed in Chinese patent “202410603286.6”, concentration 10 9 CFU / mL) to the fermentation rapeseed cake mixture (MA) or the fermentation soybean cake mixture (MB), mix evenly, and continue to ferment until the compost temperature drops to room temperature to stop fermentation.

[0067] ⑥ The fermented material is obtained, and the rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer, the soybean cake mixed fertilizer, the rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer with inoculant and the soybean cake mixed fertilizer with inoculant are obtained. The above-mentioned fertilizers are all black or black-brown, soft and easy to break, with a slight fragrance (see Table 2 for basic physical and chemical properties).

[0068] Table 1 Basic physico-chemical properties of each material before fermentation

[0069] Organic matter (%) Total nitrogen (%) P2O5(%) K2O (%) Rape seed cake 78.46 4.89 1.931 1.56 Bean cake 64.45 7.44 1.549 3.68 Rice bran 69.97 1.56 1.212 1.10 Wheat straw 70.46 0.52 0.084 2.08

[0070] Table 2 Basic physico-chemical properties of each mixed compost material at the end of fermentation

[0071] Treatment Organic matter (%) Total nitrogen (%) P2O5(%) K2O (%) A 43.11 3.03 3.80 3.5 B 45.54 3.07 3.17 3.21 MA 42.91 2.66 2.40 3.49 MB 42.69 2.55 2.81 2.51

[0072] The fermentation temperature of different treatments was investigated, and the results are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 .

[0073] As shown in Figure 2 , the temperature change of MA (mixed fermentation of rapeseed cake and inoculants) and A treatment (without inoculants) during the high-temperature period (2-24d) was not significantly different. Starting from the 25th day, the temperature of MA treatment decreased faster than the control. After the 38th day, the temperature of MA treatment decreased to room temperature earlier than the control.

[0074] As shown in Figure 3 , the temperature of MB (mixed fermentation of soybean cake and inoculants) during the high-temperature period (2-21d) was significantly higher than that of B treatment (without inoculants). Starting from the 27th day, the temperature of compost decreased faster than that of B treatment. After the 36th day, the temperature change trend was not significantly different from that of B treatment.

[0075] In summary, the treatments with inoculants (MA and MB) had the advantage of early maturity compared with the treatments without inoculants (A and B).

[0076] The seed germination rate of different treatments was also determined, and the results are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 . The seed germination rate of A treatment and B treatment was significantly lower than that of MA treatment and MB treatment after 47 days of composting. The seed germination rate of MA treatment and MB treatment both exceeded 100% at the end of composting. On the 28th day of composting, the seed germination rate of A treatment and B treatment was 69.8% and 66.1%, respectively, which did not reach the required 80% seed germination rate as a maturity indicator. The seed germination rate of MA treatment and MB treatment was 81.5% and 83.6%, respectively.

[0077] In summary, the time for the seed germination rate of MA treatment and MB treatment to reach 80% was earlier than that of A treatment and B treatment, significantly shortening the maturity time.

[0078] Example 3 Application test of reduced amount of chemical fertilizer for strawberry special liquid fertilizer

[0079] The experiment was set in the glass greenhouse of the unit, and 500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer per mu. Liquid organic fertilizer was used with chemical fertilizer (specifically: the rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer and soybean cake mixed fertilizer in experimental example 2 were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 (A+B); the rapeseed cake mixed fertilizer with bacterial inoculant and the soybean cake mixed fertilizer with bacterial inoculant were also mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 (MA+MB); then A+B and MA+MB were respectively added with water and sieved, in a mass ratio of 1:5 (A+B or MA+MB:water), and then added with water again and sieved, in a mass ratio of 1:5 (A+B or MA+MB:water), the liquid mixture after two times of sieving was ready for use, and was recorded as liquid organic fertilizer, and was recorded as A+B fertilizer and MA+MB fertilizer respectively, the basic properties were shown in Table 3); from November 2, 2023, 1 time of additional application was carried out every week, root application, and the application amount was shown in Table 4; and lasted until April 10 of the next year, for a total of 24 times. CK conventional fertilization was set as a control, and 3 g of nitrogen was applied per strawberry plant. Treatments A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3 and B4 were set; among them, A1, A2, A3 and A4 used A+B fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer, so that the corresponding additional application treatment reduced the chemical fertilizer by 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively; B1, B2, B3 and B4 used MA+MB fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer, so that the corresponding additional application treatment reduced the chemical fertilizer by 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively; the nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the form of potassium nitrate; according to the content of phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer and the maximum additional application amount, the applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were supplemented with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and each treatment was repeated 3 times (see Table 5). The field management during the growth of strawberries was consistent.

[0080] The soil was prepared on September 8, 2023, and the base fertilizer was applied according to the design of each treatment, with a ridge height of 0.9 m, a ridge width of about 0.6 m, a ridge width of about 0.4 m, and a ditch width of 0.3 m, and the strawberries were transplanted on September 12, 2023, with a single ridge double row, a plant distance of 20 cm, 30 plants per plot per treatment, and a protective row around.

[0081] Table 3: Available nutrients of liquid fertilizer for strawberries

[0082] NH4 + -N(mg / kg) NO3 - - N (mg / kg) Available K(mg / kg) Available P(mg / kg) A+B fertilizer 91.18 148.70 1656.90 296.32 MA+MB fertilizer 29.12 192.96 1244.28 278.54

[0083] Table 4: Application amount of each treatment

[0084] Treatment Application amount(mL / plant) A1(replace 20% chemical fertilizer) 31.3 A2(replace 30% chemical fertilizer) 47.0 A3(replace 40% chemical fertilizer) 62.6 A4(replace 50% chemical fertilizer) 78.3 B1(replace 20% chemical fertilizer) 35.9 B2(replace 30% chemical fertilizer) 53.9 B3(replace 40% chemical fertilizer) 71.9 B4(replace 50% chemical fertilizer) 89.8

[0085] Note: The application amount of each treatment was determined according to the nitrogen content of the fertilizer.

[0086] Table 5: Chemical fertilizer reduction test of liquid fertilizer for strawberries

[0087]

[0088] Note: Fertilizer N refers to the calculation of nitrogen element, 1.5 g N is applied per plant.

[0089] ② Test items and data processing

[0090] Strawberry is picked in batches after ripening, the first picking is on December 29, 2023, and the last statistical picking yield is on May 8, 2024, after each picking, the average yield per plant of commodity fruit and the effect of removing diseased and deformed fruit is counted respectively. The sugar content of strawberry is measured by a handheld sugar content measuring light instrument in January and early March respectively. The test results are subjected to variance analysis, and after statistics, the LSD difference significance analysis is carried out by SPSS19.0, and the results are shown in Table 6, Figure 6 and Figure 7 .

[0091] Table 6 Average yield per plant of different treatments

[0092] Treatment Average yield per plant(g / plant) Average yield per plant(g / plant) after removing small fruits CK 382.2±39.8 316.0±29.5 A1(replace 20% chemical fertilizer) 369.5±43.9 285.4±21.6 A2(replace 30% chemical fertilizer) 384.4±21.6 313.3±30.5 A3(replace 40% chemical fertilizer) 382.5±5.6 308.3±29.8 A4(replace 50% chemical fertilizer) 405.0±18.3 338.2±15.6 B1(replace 20% chemical fertilizer) 377.1±31.1 312.6±14.7 B2(replace 30% chemical fertilizer) 403.4±10.4 342.1±19.8 B3(replace 40% chemical fertilizer) 396.8±10.7 328.1±21.8 B4(replace 50% chemical fertilizer) 412.4±47.2 348.9±26.4

[0093] As can be seen from Table 5, the average yield per plant of strawberry of B4 treatment is the highest, which is 412 g / plant, which is 9.5% higher than that of CK treatment (382.2 g / plant); after removing diseased and deformed small fruits, the average yield per plant of strawberry of this treatment is 348.9 g / plant, which is 12.4% higher than that of CK (316.0 g / plant). It can be seen that the fertilizer provided by the present application not only can increase yield, but also the amount of diseased and deformed small fruits is significantly less than that of pure chemical fertilizer, and the quality is effectively improved.

[0094] As can be seen from Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the sugar content of different treatments in January has a large difference, among which the sugar content of CK treatment is lower, which is 12.3, and the sugar content of A4 and B4 treatments is higher, which is more than 13; in March, the temperature is higher, at this time, the sugar content of strawberry of B4 treatment is stable above 13, and the sugar content of strawberry of CK treatment is 12.1.

[0095] ③ Soil sampling is carried out in different plots, sampling points are selected according to S-shaped line in each plot, and the sampling depth is 0-20 cm. The collected fresh soil sample is fully mixed, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and then put into a sterile plastic bag and stored in a 4℃ refrigerator for determination of soil inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and the results are shown in Table 7.

[0096] Table 7 Content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil samples of different treatments

[0097]

[0098] It can be known from Table 7 that the soil nitrate nitrogen content of the B2-B4 treatment soil added with the bacterial agent is higher than that of the control, and the effective P and effective K content of the soil sample of the B4 treatment is the highest. It is illustrated that the strawberry special fertilizer provided by the application can effectively increase the soil nitrate nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus content. It can be seen that the strawberry chemical fertilizer reduction special fertilizer provided by the application can effectively replace the chemical fertilizer application amount in the topdressing, and the replacement amount reaches 50%.

[0099] In summary, the results of the above examples show that the manufacturing method of the rapeseed cake, soybean cake and straw fermented strawberry special organic fertilizer provided by the application can successfully realize the production of the high-fertility and low-cost strawberry special organic fertilizer within 20-30 days by taking the rapeseed cake, soybean cake and straw as the main raw materials, overcome the defects of the prior art such as long composting time (2-6 months), large fertilizer loss, and the defects of the strawberry grower such as miscellaneous fertilizer, large amount of fertilizer use, and high cost, and based on the method, 50% of the chemical fertilizer application amount can be reduced, the strawberry yield can be effectively improved, the strawberry quality can be improved, and the economic benefit can be further increased.

[0100] The above-described examples only describe the preferred modes of the application, and do not limit the scope of the application. Without departing from the design spirit of the application, various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for reducing chemical fertilizer application in strawberries, characterized in that: The special fertilizer for reducing fertilizer application for strawberries is composed of rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer and soybean meal fermentation fertilizer; The rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer is composed of rapeseed cake, rice bran, straw, eggshell, high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and water, and the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake, the rice bran, the straw, the eggshell, the high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and the water is (10-15):(30-35):(30-35):(8-10):(1-1.8):(80-100); The soybean meal fermentation fertilizer is composed of soybean meal, rice bran, straw, eggshell, high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and water, and the mass ratio of the soybean meal, the rice bran, the straw, the eggshell, the high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and the water is (5-10):(20-25):(30-35):(7-10):(1-1.6):(80-100); The preparation method of the special fertilizer for reducing fertilizer application for strawberries comprises the following steps: The rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer and the soybean meal fermentation fertilizer are mixed uniformly to obtain the special fertilizer for reducing fertilizer application for strawberries; Before the mixing, the method further comprises a step of adding a nitrifying bacteria agent; the nitrifying bacteria agent is a Brevundimonas suspension; the Brevundimonas has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 29279; the concentration of the Brevundimonas in the Brevundimonas suspension is 10 9 CFU / mL. The mass ratio of the rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer and the soybean meal fermentation fertilizer is 1:1; The high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent is ordinary high-temperature actinomycetes, bacillus velezensis and bacillus subtilis; The preparation method of the rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer comprises the following steps: The rapeseed cake, the straw, the eggshell and the water are mixed to obtain fermentation raw materials; the high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain standby fermentation bacterial agent; and the fermentation raw materials and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then subjected to compost fermentation to obtain the rapeseed cake fermentation fertilizer; The preparation method of the soybean meal fermentation fertilizer comprises the following steps: The soybean meal, the straw, the eggshell and the water are mixed to obtain fermentation raw materials; the high-temperature fermentation bacterial agent and the rice bran are mixed to obtain standby fermentation bacterial agent; and the fermentation raw materials and the standby fermentation bacterial agent are mixed and then subjected to compost fermentation to obtain the soybean meal fermentation fertilizer. 2.The special fertilizer for reducing fertilizer application for strawberries in claim 1 is applied in one or more of the following, (1) application in improving the yield of strawberries; (2) application in improving the quality of strawberries; (3) application in improving the soil; (4) application in reducing the amount of fertilizer.

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