A nucleic acid detection and extraction device and extraction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of nucleic acid detection, and discloses a nucleic acid detection extraction device and extraction method, the nucleic acid detection extraction device comprises a sampling tube. The nucleic acid detection extraction device and extraction method, in order to facilitate the sealing of the sampled sterile cotton balls and prevent cross infection, by setting a slide groove, a movable ring, a sleeve, a U-shaped rod, a sealing cover, a reset spring, a hinged rod, an L-shaped extrusion rod, an extrusion block, a fixed sleeve, a rotating sleeve, a spring, a handle, a slide plate, a movable rod, a limit rod, a No. 1 limit hole and a No. 2 limit hole, when the sterile cotton ball is extended into the sampling tube, two sets of sealing covers are used to block and seal the bottom of the sampling tube, and then the sterile cotton ball is protected and stored without contacting the sterile cotton ball to prevent contact with the sterile cotton ball. When the sterile cotton ball is squeezed and stored for protection, sputum is lost from the sterile cotton ball, resulting in a reduction in the amount of samples sent for inspection and the risk of cross infection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nucleic acid detection, and in particular to a nucleic acid detection and extraction device and an extraction method. Background Art

[0002] Nucleic acid testing is a molecular diagnostic technology that is widely used in many fields, including but not limited to infectious diseases and contagious diseases, respiratory diseases, biology, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, pediatrics, etc. This technology can detect nucleic acids of viruses, bacteria, fungi, atypical pathogens, and is used in oncology, agro-animal husbandry, ecology, criminal investigation and other fields.

[0003] According to a disclosed nucleic acid detection and extraction device and extraction method (publication number: CN112545570B), in the above application, the hollow cavity of the threaded cylinder is sleeved on the outside of the sterile cotton ball, and then the threaded cylinder is rotated and plugged into the threaded storage groove through the external thread. The protective mechanism can be used to push the sterile cotton ball back into the threaded storage groove, and the sterile cotton ball sample can be sealed to avoid cross infection.

[0004] However, in the above device, the protective mechanism squeezes the sterile cotton ball and pushes it back into the threaded storage groove. However, squeezing the sterile cotton ball may cause some sputum to be lost from the cotton ball, resulting in a reduction in the amount of samples sent for inspection. In addition, direct contact between the protective mechanism and the sterile cotton ball may cause cross infection, affecting subsequent test results. In view of this, we propose a nucleic acid detection extraction device and extraction method. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid detection and extraction device and extraction method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a nucleic acid detection and extraction device, comprising a sampling tube, a guide rod passing through the sampling tube, and a sliding connection at the penetration point, a mounting rod rotatably installed at the bottom of the guide rod, a cotton ball rod is arranged in the mounting rod, a sterile cotton ball is fixed at the bottom of the cotton ball rod, a shielding component for sealing the sampling tube is arranged on the sampling tube, a control component for driving the sterile cotton ball to rotate is arranged on the guide rod, and a clamping component for facilitating the positioning of the cotton ball rod is arranged on the mounting rod.

[0007] Preferably, the shielding assembly includes a slide groove, which is opened on the outer wall of the sampling tube, and a movable ring is slidably installed on the inner wall of the slide groove, a sleeve is fixed on the outer wall of the sampling tube, and a U-shaped rod is slidably installed on the inner wall of the sleeve, a reset spring is fixed at one end of the U-shaped rod, and a sealing cover is fixed at the other end of the U-shaped rod, the reset spring is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve at a side away from the U-shaped rod, and a side wall of the movable ring is hinged with a hinged rod, and the end of the hinged rod away from the movable ring is hinged to the top of the U-shaped rod.

[0008] Preferably, an L-shaped extrusion rod is fixed to the outer wall of the guide rod, an extrusion block is fixed to the bottom of the L-shaped extrusion rod, and a first limiting hole and a second limiting hole are fixed to the outer wall of the guide rod.

[0009] Preferably, a fixed sleeve is fixed on the top of the sampling tube, a rotating sleeve is rotatably installed on the top of the sampling tube, a spring is fixed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, the side of the spring away from the rotating sleeve is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed sleeve, and a handle is fixed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, a slide plate is slidably installed on the top of the sampling tube, a movable rod is hinged on the side wall of the slide plate, one end of the movable rod away from the slide plate is hinged on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, a limiting rod is fixed on the side wall of the slide plate, and the outer wall of the limiting rod is fitted with the inner wall of the No. 1 limiting hole, by arranging a slide groove, a movable ring, a sleeve, a U-shaped rod, a sealing cover, a reset spring, a hinged rod, an L-shaped extrusion rod, an extrusion block, a fixed sleeve, a rotating sleeve, a spring, a handle, a slide plate, a movable rod, a limiting rod, the No. 1 limiting hole and the No. 2 limiting hole, when the sterile cotton ball is extended into the sampling tube, the two sets of sealing covers block and seal the bottom of the sampling tube, so as to seal the sterile cotton ball.

[0010] Preferably, the control component includes a push rod, and the push rod passes through the top of the guide rod and is slidably connected at the penetration point, a push block is fixed on the top of the push rod, a movable disk is fixed on the outer wall of the push rod, a connecting spring is fixed on the top of the movable disk, the top of the connecting spring is fixed to the inner wall of the guide rod, a sliding rod is fixed on the outer wall of the push rod, an arc-shaped groove is provided on the inner wall of the mounting rod, the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove is fitted with the outer wall of the sliding rod, and by arranging the push rod, the movable disk, the connecting spring, the push block, the sliding rod and the arc-shaped groove, when the sterile cotton ball is inserted into the detection liquid, the sterile cotton ball is rotated in the detection liquid, and through the rotation, the sample adhering to the sterile cotton ball can be more effectively released into the detection liquid for detection.

[0011] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes a transmission plate, which is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting rod, a transmission block is fixed to the side wall of the transmission plate, and the transmission block passes through the side wall of the mounting rod, a transmission spring is fixed to the top of the transmission block, a fixed plate is fixed to the top of the transmission spring, and the fixed plate is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting rod.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning rod passes through the side wall of the mounting rod, and the positioning rod is slidably connected to the penetration point of the mounting rod, one end of the positioning rod is hinged with a connecting rod, the other end of the positioning rod is fixed with an arc-shaped clamping plate, and the end of the connecting rod away from the positioning rod is hinged on the transmission block.

[0013] Preferably, two groups of arc-shaped clamping plates are provided, and the two groups of arc-shaped clamping plates are symmetrically arranged with the center line in the vertical direction of the mounting rod as the axis of symmetry. By arranging a transmission plate, a transmission block, a fixed plate, a transmission spring, a positioning rod, a connecting rod and an arc-shaped clamping plate, when the push rod continues to move downward, the clamping limit of the cotton ball rod can be released, the used cotton ball rod can be taken out, and a new cotton ball rod can be replaced, which is convenient for the staff to operate.

[0014] The present invention also proposes a nucleic acid detection and extraction method, which comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. After the sputum is collected by the sterile cotton ball, the handle is reversed to drive the rotating sleeve to reverse, so that the spring is contracted, and the limit rod is moved out of the No. 1 limit hole through the movable rod and the slide plate to release the limit on the guide rod, and the guide rod is driven to move upward, and the extrusion block is used to squeeze the moving ring through the L-shaped extrusion rod and the extrusion block, and the two sets of sealing covers are driven to approach each other through the hinged rod and the U-shaped rod, and are tightly fitted to seal the sterile cotton ball in the sampling tube;

[0016] S2. When the sampled sterile cotton ball needs to be added to the test liquid, the handle is reversed to drive the limit rod to move out of the No. 2 limit hole, release the limit on the guide rod, and move the guide rod downward, so that the extrusion block will not squeeze the moving ring, and the U-shaped rod is moved out of the sleeve through the reset spring, so that the two sets of sealing covers are separated from each other and the sterile cotton ball is not blocked. The sterile cotton ball is moved out of the sampling tube, and the guide rod is fixed by the cooperation of the limit rod and the No. 1 limit hole;

[0017] S3. When the sterile cotton ball is removed from the sampling tube, the sterile cotton ball is inserted into the test liquid, and the push block is pushed downward to drive the push rod downward, so that the slide rod moves in the arc-shaped slide groove, and the slide rod drives the mounting rod to rotate, so that the cotton ball rod drives the sterile cotton ball to rotate in the test liquid, so that the sputum adhering to the sterile cotton ball is better released into the test liquid;

[0018] S4. When the push rod moves downward to the specified position, the push rod squeezes the transmission disk to move the transmission disk downward, and squeezes the connecting rod through the transmission block, so that the connecting rod squeezes the two sets of positioning rods to move outside the installation rod, so that the two sets of arc-shaped clamping plates move away from each other, releasing the clamping positioning of the cotton ball rod, and the used cotton ball rod can be taken out of the installation rod, which is convenient for replacing the sterile cotton ball.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a nucleic acid detection and extraction device and extraction method, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The nucleic acid detection extraction device and extraction method, in order to facilitate the sealing of the sampled sterile cotton balls and prevent cross infection, provide a slide groove, a movable ring, a sleeve, a U-shaped rod, a sealing cover, a reset spring, a hinged rod, an L-shaped extrusion rod, an extrusion block, a fixed sleeve, a rotating sleeve, a spring, a handle, a slide plate, a movable rod, a limit rod, a No. 1 limit hole and a No. 2 limit hole, so that when the sterile cotton ball is extended into the sampling tube, the two sets of sealing covers block and seal the bottom of the sampling tube, and the sterile cotton ball is protected and stored without contacting the sterile cotton ball to prevent contact with the sterile cotton ball. When the sterile cotton ball is squeezed for storage and protection, sputum is lost from the sterile cotton ball, resulting in a reduction in the amount of samples sent for inspection and a risk of cross infection.

[0021] 2. In order to better mix the sterile cotton ball with the detection liquid, the nucleic acid detection extraction device and extraction method are provided with a push rod, a movable disk, a connecting spring, a push block, a slide rod and an arc-shaped slide groove. When the sterile cotton ball is inserted into the detection liquid, the sterile cotton ball is rotated in the detection liquid, and the sample adhering to the sterile cotton ball can be more effectively released into the detection liquid, so that the sample and the detection liquid are in full contact to perform the detection operation, thereby making the detection data more accurate.

[0022] 3. The nucleic acid detection and extraction device and extraction method, in order to facilitate the replacement of sterile cotton balls, set a transmission disk, a transmission block, a fixed disk, a transmission spring, a positioning rod, a connecting rod and an arc-shaped clamping plate. When the push rod continues to move downward, it will squeeze the transmission disk and move it downward, which can release the clamping limit of the cotton ball rod. The used cotton ball rod can be taken out and a new cotton ball rod can be placed between the two sets of arc-shaped clamping plates. By loosening the push block and the connecting spring is in a stretched state, the push rod will not squeeze the transmission disk, and the transmission block is driven to move upward by the transmission spring. The cotton ball rod can be clamped and positioned again by the arc-shaped clamping plate, which is convenient for the staff to operate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overall device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the overall device of the present invention when viewed from above;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-section of the device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the mounting rod and the guide rod of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the shielding component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of A;

[0030] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of B.

[0031] In the figure: 1, sampling tube; 2, guide rod; 3, cotton ball rod; 4, sterile cotton ball; 5, shielding component; 501, slide groove; 502, moving ring; 503, sleeve; 504, U-shaped rod; 505, sealing cover; 506, reset spring; 507, hinged rod; 508, L-shaped extrusion rod; 509, extrusion block; 510, fixed sleeve; 511, rotating sleeve; 512, spring; 513, handle; 514, slide plate; 515, movable rod; 516, limit rod; 517, limit hole No. 1; 518, limit hole No. 2; 6, mounting rod; 7, control assembly; 701, push rod; 702, moving disk; 703, connecting spring; 704, push block; 705, slide rod; 706, arc-shaped slide groove; 8, clamping assembly; 801, transmission disk; 802, transmission block; 803, fixed disk; 804, transmission spring; 805, positioning rod; 806, connecting rod; 807, arc-shaped clamping plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] like Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a nucleic acid detection and extraction device, comprising a sampling tube 1, a guide rod 2 passing through the sampling tube 1, and a sliding connection at the penetration point, a mounting rod 6 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the guide rod 2, a cotton ball rod 3 is arranged in the mounting rod 6, a sterile cotton ball 4 is fixed at the bottom of the cotton ball rod 3, sputum can be sampled by arranging the sterile cotton ball 4, and a storage groove is provided at the bottom of the sampling tube 1, which can store the sterile cotton ball 4, a shielding component 5 for sealing the sampling tube 1 is arranged on the sampling tube 1, a control component 7 for driving the sterile cotton ball 4 to rotate is arranged on the guide rod 2, and a clamping component 8 for facilitating the positioning of the cotton ball rod 3 is arranged on the mounting rod 6.

[0033] In order to facilitate the sealing of the sampled sterile cotton ball 4 and prevent cross infection, the shielding component 5 includes a slide groove 501, a movable ring 502, a sleeve 503, a U-shaped rod 504, a sealing cover 505, a reset spring 506, a hinged rod 507, an L-shaped extrusion rod 508, an extrusion block 509, a fixed sleeve 510, a rotating sleeve 511, a spring 512, a handle 513, a slide plate 514, a movable rod 515, a limit rod 516, a first limit hole 517 and a second limit hole 518; the slide groove 501 is opened on the outer wall of the sampling tube 1, and the inner wall of the slide groove 501 is slidably installed with a movable ring 502, through The sliding groove 501 can be provided to achieve the effect of resetting the moving ring. A sleeve 503 is fixed to the outer wall of the sampling tube 1. A U-shaped rod 504 is slidably installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 503. A reset spring 506 is fixed to one end of the U-shaped rod 504. A sealing cover 505 is fixed to the other end of the U-shaped rod 504. Two groups of sealing covers 505 are provided, and the two groups of sealing covers 505 are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the guide rod 2 in the vertical direction as the symmetry axis. The reset spring 506 is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve 503 away from the U-shaped rod 504. By providing the reset spring 506, the U-shaped rod 504 can be reset. In order to achieve the effect of positioning, the side wall of the moving ring 502 is hinged with a hinged rod 507, and one end of the hinged rod 507 away from the moving ring 502 is hinged at the top of the U-shaped rod 504, the outer wall of the guide rod 2 is fixed with an L-shaped extrusion rod 508, and the bottom of the L-shaped extrusion rod 508 is fixed with an extrusion block 509, and the outer wall of the guide rod 2 is fixed with a first limiting hole 517 and a second limiting hole 518. Through the cooperation of the first limiting hole 517 and the second limiting hole 518, the guide rod 2 can be limited in position, and a fixed sleeve 510 is fixed on the top of the sampling tube 1, and a rotating sleeve 511 is rotatably installed on the top of the sampling tube 1. A spring 512 is fixed to the outer wall of the movable sleeve 511, and the side of the spring 512 away from the rotating sleeve 511 is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 510. The spring 512 can be set to reset the rotating sleeve 511. A handle 513 is fixed to the outer wall of the rotating sleeve 511. A slide plate 514 is slidably installed on the top of the sampling tube 1. A movable rod 515 is hinged to the side wall of the slide plate 514. One end of the movable rod 515 away from the slide plate 514 is hinged to the outer wall of the rotating sleeve 511. A limiting rod 516 is fixed to the side wall of the slide plate 514, and the outer wall of the limiting rod 516 fits with the inner wall of the No. 1 limiting hole 517.

[0034] In order to make the sterile cotton ball 4 mix better with the detection liquid, the control component 7 includes a push rod 701, a movable disk 702, a connecting spring 703, a push block 704, a slide rod 705 and an arc-shaped slide groove 706. The push rod 701 passes through the top of the guide rod 2 and is slidably connected at the penetration point. A push block 704 is fixed to the top of the push rod 701, a movable disk 702 is fixed to the outer wall of the push rod 701, a connecting spring 703 is fixed to the top of the movable disk 702, and the top of the connecting spring 703 is fixed to the inner wall of the guide rod 2. By setting the connecting spring 703, the movable disk 702 can be reset. The outer wall of the push rod 701 is fixed to the slide rod 705, and the inner wall of the mounting rod 6 is provided with an arc-shaped slide groove 706. The inner wall of the arc-shaped slide groove 706 is in contact with the outer wall of the slide rod 705. When the slide rod 705 moves in the arc-shaped slide groove 706, it can drive the mounting rod 6 to rotate.

[0035] In order to facilitate the replacement of the sterile cotton ball 4, the clamping assembly 8 includes a transmission disc 801, a transmission block 802, a fixed disc 803, a transmission spring 804, a positioning rod 805, a connecting rod 806 and an arc-shaped clamping plate 807; the transmission disc 801 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting rod 6, the side wall of the transmission disc 801 is fixed with a transmission block 802, and the transmission block 802 passes through the side wall of the mounting rod 6, the top of the transmission block 802 is fixed with a transmission spring 804, and the top of the transmission spring 804 is fixed with a fixed disc 803. By setting the transmission spring 804, the transmission block 802 can be reset. The fixing plate 803 is fixed to the outer wall of the mounting rod 6, and a positioning rod 805 passes through the side wall of the mounting rod 6, and the positioning rod 805 is slidably connected to the penetration point of the mounting rod 6, one end of the positioning rod 805 is hinged with a connecting rod 806, and the other end of the positioning rod 805 is fixed with an arc-shaped clamping plate 807, and the end of the connecting rod 806 away from the positioning rod 805 is hinged on the transmission block 802, and two groups of arc-shaped clamping plates 807 are arranged, and the two groups of arc-shaped clamping plates 807 are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the mounting rod 6 in the vertical direction as the symmetry axis. By arranging the arc-shaped clamping plates 807, the cotton ball rod 3 can be positioned.

[0036] A nucleic acid detection and extraction method, the extraction method comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1. After the sputum is collected by the sterile cotton ball 4, the handle 513 is reversed to drive the rotating sleeve 511 to reverse, so that the clockwork 512 contracts, and the rotating sleeve 511 pushes the movable rod 515, so that the movable rod 515 rotates at the hinge, and the two sets of slides 514 are pushed away from each other, so that the limiting rod 516 moves out of the No. 1 limiting hole 517, and the limit on the guide rod 2 is released. By pulling the guide rod 2 to move upward, the L-shaped extrusion rod 508 and the extrusion block 509 are driven to move upward. When the extrusion block 509 moves upward to squeeze the moving ring 502, the moving ring 502 moves upward, and the moving ring 502 pulls the hinged rod 507, so that the hinged rod 507 rotates at the hinge, and when the hinged rod 507 pulls the U-shaped rod 504 to move into the sleeve 503, the reset spring 506 is compressed, and the two The sealing covers 505 are close to each other and fit tightly, so that the sterile cotton ball 4 is sealed in the sampling tube 1, which can prevent the sterile cotton ball 4 from being cross-infected. When the sterile cotton ball 4 is inserted into the sampling tube 1, the second limiting hole 518 is aligned with the limiting rod 516. By loosening the handle 513, the spring 512 drives the rotating sleeve 511 to reset, so that the rotating sleeve 511 drives the movable rod 515 to rotate at the hinge, so that the slide plate 514 drives the limiting rod 516 to extend into the second limiting hole 518, so that the sterile cotton ball 4 is fixed in the sampling tube 1, and there is no need to contact the sterile cotton ball 4. The sterile cotton ball 4 is protected and stored to prevent contact with the sterile cotton ball 4. When the sterile cotton ball 4 is squeezed for storage and protection, sputum is lost from the sterile cotton ball 4, resulting in a reduction in the amount of samples sent for inspection and a risk of cross-infection.

[0038] S2. When the sampled sterile cotton ball 4 needs to be added to the test liquid, the handle 513 is reversed to drive the limit rod 516 to move out of the second limit hole 518, release the limit on the guide rod 2, and move the guide rod 2 downward, so that the extrusion block 509 will not squeeze the movable ring 502. The U-shaped rod 504 is moved out of the sleeve 503 through the reset spring 506, so that the two groups of sealing covers 505 are separated from each other and the sterile cotton ball 4 is not blocked. The sterile cotton ball 4 is moved out of the sampling tube 1, and the guide rod 2 is fixed by the cooperation of the limit rod 516 and the first limit hole 517;

[0039] S3, when the sterile cotton ball 4 is removed from the sampling tube 1, the sterile cotton ball 4 is inserted into the test liquid, and the push block 704 is pushed downward to drive the push rod 701 to move downward, so that the movable plate 702 moves downward, and the connecting spring 703 is stretched. When the slide bar 705 moves downward in the arc-shaped slide groove 706, the arc-shaped slide groove 706 is subjected to the extrusion force, so that the slide bar 705 drives the mounting rod 6 to rotate, so that the cotton ball rod 3 drives the sterile cotton ball 4 to rotate in the test liquid, so that the sputum adhering to the sterile cotton ball 4 is better released into the test liquid;

[0040] S4. When the extrusion push block 704 continues to move downward, the push rod 701 moves downward to the specified position, so that the push rod 701 squeezes the transmission disk 801, so that the transmission disk 801 moves downward. When the transmission disk 801 moves downward, the transmission spring 804 stretches. When the transmission disk 801 drives the transmission block 802 to move downward, it squeezes the connecting rod 806, so that the connecting rod 806 rotates at the hinge, so that the connecting rod 806 squeezes the two groups of positioning rods 805 to move outside the installation rod 6, so that the two groups of arc-shaped clamping plates 807 move away from each other, and the clamping positioning of the cotton ball rod 3 is released, so that the used cotton ball rod 3 can be taken out of the installation rod 6, which is convenient for the sterile cotton ball 4. When the new cotton ball rod 3 is inserted into the two sets of arc-shaped clamping plates 807, when the sterile cotton ball 4 moves to fit with the bottom of the mounting rod 6, the push block 704 drives the movable plate 702 and the push rod 701 to move upward because the connecting spring 703 is in a stretched state, so that the push rod 701 does not squeeze the transmission plate 801. Because the transmission spring 804 is in a stretched state, the transmission block 802 moves upward to pull the connecting rod 806, and the connecting rod 806 rotates at the hinge, driving the two sets of positioning rods 805 to move into the mounting rod 6, so that the two sets of arc-shaped clamping plates 807 press and position the cotton ball rod 3, and fix the sterile cotton ball 4.

[0041] The above generally describes the present invention in detail, but it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nucleic acid detection and extraction device, comprising a sampling tube (1), characterized in that: The sampling tube (1) is penetrated by a guide rod (2) and is slidably connected at the penetration point. A mounting rod (6) is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the guide rod (2). A cotton ball rod (3) is arranged inside the mounting rod (6). A sterile cotton ball (4) is fixed at the bottom of the cotton ball rod (3). The sampling tube (1) is provided with a shielding component (5) for sealing the sampling tube (1). The guide rod (2) is provided with a control component (7) for driving the sterile cotton ball (4) to rotate. The mounting rod (6) is provided with a clamping component (8) for facilitating the positioning of the cotton ball rod (3). The shielding assembly (5) comprises a slide groove (501), wherein the slide groove (501) is formed on the outer wall of the sampling tube (1), a moving ring (502) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the slide groove (501), a sleeve (503) is fixed on the outer wall of the sampling tube (1), a U-shaped rod (504) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the sleeve (503), a return spring (506) is fixed to one end of the U-shaped rod (504), a sealing cover (505) is fixed to the other end of the U-shaped rod (504), a side of the return spring (506) away from the U-shaped rod (504) is fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve (503), a side wall of the moving ring (502) is hinged with a hinged rod (507), and one end of the hinged rod (507) away from the moving ring (502) is hinged to the top of the U-shaped rod (504); An L-shaped extrusion rod (508) is fixed to the outer wall of the guide rod (2), an extrusion block (509) is fixed to the bottom of the L-shaped extrusion rod (508), and a first limiting hole (517) and a second limiting hole (518) are fixed to the outer wall of the guide rod (2); A fixed sleeve (510) is fixed on the top of the sampling tube (1), a rotating sleeve (511) is rotatably mounted on the top of the sampling tube (1), a spring (512) is fixed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve (511), a side of the spring (512) away from the rotating sleeve (511) is fixed to the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (510), a handle (513) is fixed on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve (511), a slide plate (514) is slidably mounted on the top of the sampling tube (1), a movable rod (515) is hinged on the side wall of the slide plate (514), one end of the movable rod (515) away from the slide plate (514) is hinged on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve (511), a limiting rod (516) is fixed on the side wall of the slide plate (514), and the outer wall of the limiting rod (516) is in contact with the inner wall of the first limiting hole (517).

2. A nucleic acid detection and extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control assembly (7) comprises a push rod (701), and the push rod (701) passes through the top of the guide rod (2) and is slidably connected at the penetration point. A push block (704) is fixed to the top of the push rod (701). A movable disk (702) is fixed to the outer wall of the push rod (701). A connecting spring (703) is fixed to the top of the movable disk (702). The top of the connecting spring (703) is fixed to the inner wall of the guide rod (2). A sliding rod (705) is fixed to the outer wall of the push rod (701). An arc-shaped sliding groove (706) is provided on the inner wall of the mounting rod (6). The inner wall of the arc-shaped sliding groove (706) is in contact with the outer wall of the sliding rod (705).

3. A nucleic acid detection and extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (8) comprises a transmission disk (801), the transmission disk (801) being slidably mounted on the inner wall of the mounting rod (6), a transmission block (802) being fixed to the side wall of the transmission disk (801), and the transmission block (802) passing through the side wall of the mounting rod (6), a transmission spring (804) being fixed to the top of the transmission block (802), a fixed disk (803) being fixed to the top of the transmission spring (804), and the fixed disk (803) being fixed to the outer wall of the mounting rod (6).

4. A nucleic acid detection and extraction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A positioning rod (805) passes through the side wall of the mounting rod (6), and the positioning rod (805) is slidably connected to the penetration point of the mounting rod (6); one end of the positioning rod (805) is hinged with a connecting rod (806); the other end of the positioning rod (805) is fixed with an arc-shaped clamping plate (807); and one end of the connecting rod (806) away from the positioning rod (805) is hinged on the transmission block (802).

5. A nucleic acid detection and extraction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two groups of arc-shaped clamping plates (807) are provided, and the two groups of arc-shaped clamping plates (807) are symmetrically arranged with the center line of the mounting rod (6) in the vertical direction as the symmetry axis.

6. A method for nucleic acid detection and extraction according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The nucleic acid detection and extraction method comprises the following steps: S1. After the sputum is collected by the sterile cotton ball (4), the handle (513) is reversed to drive the rotating sleeve (511) to reverse, the spring (512) is contracted, the limit rod (516) is moved out of the No. 1 limit hole (517), and the limit on the guide rod (2) is released. The guide rod (2) is driven to move upward, and the extrusion block (509) squeezes the moving ring (502) through the L-shaped extrusion rod (508) and the extrusion block (509). The two sets of sealing covers (505) are close to each other and fit tightly, so that the sterile cotton ball (4) is sealed in the sampling tube (1); S2. When it is necessary to add the sampled sterile cotton ball (4) into the test liquid, the handle (513) is reversed to drive the limit rod (516) to move out of the second limit hole (518), release the limit on the guide rod (2), and move the guide rod (2) downward, so that the extrusion block (509) will not squeeze the movable ring (502). The U-shaped rod (504) is moved out of the sleeve (503) through the reset spring (506). The two sets of sealing covers (505) are moved away from each other and do not block the sterile cotton ball (4). The sterile cotton ball (4) is removed from the sampling tube (1), and the guide rod (2) is fixed by the cooperation of the limit rod (516) and the first limit hole (517); S3. When the sterile cotton ball (4) is removed from the sampling tube (1), the sterile cotton ball (4) is inserted into the test liquid, and the push block (704) is pushed downward to drive the push rod (701) to move downward, so that the slide rod (705) moves in the arc-shaped slide groove (706), and the slide rod (705) drives the mounting rod (6) to rotate, so that the cotton ball rod (3) drives the sterile cotton ball (4) to rotate in the test liquid, so that the sputum adhering to the sterile cotton ball (4) is better released into the test liquid; S4. When the push rod (701) moves downward to a specified position, the push rod (701) squeezes the transmission plate (801), causing the transmission plate (801) to move downward, and the transmission block (802) squeezes the connecting rod (806), causing the connecting rod (806) to squeeze the two sets of positioning rods (805) to move outward from the mounting rod (6), so that the two sets of arc-shaped clamping plates (807) move away from each other, thereby releasing the clamping and positioning of the cotton ball rod (3), and the cotton ball rod (3) can be taken out of the mounting rod (6) after use.

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