A method for improving the flat plate of open-pit mine dump in arid areas

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of spoil dumps and provides a method for improving flat pans in open-pit mine spoil dumps in arid regions. In this improved method, for each modified flat pan group, the coordinated cooperation of a retaining wall set at the top of the flat pan steps, a ridge-like terrain laid between the retaining wall and the slope, a water collection pool set at the junction of the flat pan steps and the slope, and an aquifer between the two flat pan steps improves the water holding capacity of the spoil pan rock strata while reducing the impact of wind and sand on plants on the spoil pan and surface water evaporation. Furthermore, water storage, desalination, and regular irrigation are achieved, alleviating water shortages, ensuring that plants can continue to receive sufficient water during their growth and development, and improving plant survival and growth rates in arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of waste dumps, and particularly to an improved method for the bench of an open-pit mine waste dump in arid areas. Background Art

[0002] The ecological environment of arid open-pit coal mines is fragile, with relatively high soil salinity. The average annual rainfall is about 5% of the annual evaporation, which has a great impact on the survival, growth and development of plants in arid regions.

[0003] Generally, shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted on the benches of waste dumps in arid open-pit mines, and standard retaining walls are set up around the benches of the waste dumps. While ensuring safety, the impact of wind and sand on plants and surface water is reduced. However, a single retaining wall can only reduce the impact of wind and sand in a small area, and has little effect on arid areas with high water evaporation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a technical solution to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an improved method for the bench of an open-pit mine waste dump in arid areas to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] This application provides an improved method for the bench of an open-pit mine waste dump in arid areas, which is used to improve multiple stepped groups of modified benches. Each所述 modified bench group includes adjacent n stepped bench steps, where n = {2, 3}, and n is a positive integer; the improvement method includes: setting a retaining wall at the top of each bench step of the waste dump, and laying a continuous ridge-like terrain between the retaining wall of the i-th bench step and the i-th slope of the waste dump; where i < n, and i is a positive integer;

[0008] An i-th catchment basin is provided at the junction of the i-th bench step and the i-th slope, and the altitude of the i-th catchment basin is lower than that of the i-th bench step; an (i + 1)-th catchment basin is provided at the junction of the (i + 1)-th bench step and the (i + 1)-th slope, and the altitude of the (i + 1)-th catchment basin is lower than that of the (i + 1)-th bench step; in each modified bench group, an impermeable layer is provided between the (i + 1)-th catchment basin and the (i + 1)-th slope;

[0009] An i-th aquifer is arranged between the i-th flat step and the i+1-th flat step; wherein, the i-th aquifer extends along the parallel direction of the i-th flat step to the extension surface of the i+1-th slope surface, and then extends upward along the parallel direction of the i+1-th slope surface to the i+1-th water collection tank, and is connected with the i+1-th water collection tank.

[0010] Preferably, each of the flat steps is paved with an aquiclude, an aquifer, a topsoil layer, an anti-evaporation layer and the ridge-like terrain in a reverse-inclined manner from bottom to top; wherein, the paving is done in a direction inclined downward by at least 5 degrees along the corresponding flat step to the corresponding slope surface.

[0011] Preferably, the aquifer, the topsoil layer, and the anti-evaporation layer in each of the flat steps are all connected to the side of the corresponding water collection pool.

[0012] Preferably, the waterproof layer in the i-th flat plate step extends to the bottom of the i-th water collection tank along a direction parallel to the i-th flat plate step, and then extends to the i+1-th water collection tank along a direction parallel to the i-th aquifer.

[0013] Preferably, in each of the flat steps, the waterproof layer is laid with a thickness of 10cm to 20cm, the aquifer is laid with a thickness of 50cm to 60cm, the topsoil layer is laid with a thickness of 50cm to 60cm, and the anti-evaporation layer is laid with a thickness of 10cm.

[0014] Preferably, an automatic valve located at the end of the i-th aquifer is provided in the i+1-th water collection tank; in response to the water level in the i+1-th water collection tank reaching a preset water level, the automatic valve of the i+1-th water collection tank opens, connecting the i+1-th water collection tank with the i-th aquifer, so that the water in the i+1-th water collection tank flows into the i-th aquifer.

[0015] Preferably, the lower parts of the i-th water collection tank and the (i+1)-th water collection tank are filled with rock fragments, and the upper parts are covered with topsoil.

[0016] Preferably, in each of the modified flat plate groups, a drip irrigation pipe network is provided on each of the flat plate steps, and the drip irrigation pipe network of each of the flat plate steps is connected to the first water collection tank through the same water pump.

[0017] Preferably, in the ridge-like terrain, the width of the interval between two adjacent depressions is 20 cm to 40 cm; and / or the height difference between the high platform and the low depression in the ridge-like terrain is 20 cm to 40 cm.

[0018] Preferably, plants are planted in the low-lying areas of the ridge-like terrain; and / or the aquifer is filled with coal gangue and rock fragments.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for improving the flat pan of an open-pit mine dump in an arid area, which is used to improve a plurality of stepped flat pan groups, each of which includes two or three adjacent stepped flat pan steps. During the improvement process, a retaining wall is set on the top of each flat pan step of the dump, and a continuous ridge-like terrain is laid between the retaining wall of the i-th flat pan step and the i-th slope of the dump; an i-th water collection pool is set at the junction of the i-th flat pan step and the i-th slope; the altitude of the i-th water collection pool is lower than that of the i-th flat pan step, and the i-th water collection pool is set at the i-th water collection pool. An i+1th water collection tank is set at the junction of the 1st flat step and the i+1th slope, and the altitude of the i+1th water collection tank is lower than the i+1th flat step; an impermeable layer is set between the i+1th water collection tank and the i+1th slope; the i-th aquifer is set between the i-th flat step and the i+1th flat step, and the i-th aquifer extends along the parallel direction of the i-th flat step to the extension surface of the i+1th slope, and then extends upward along the parallel direction of the i+1th slope to the i+1th water collection tank, and is connected with the i+1th water collection tank.

[0021] Therefore, for each renovated flat plate group, through the coordinated cooperation of the retaining wall set at the top of the flat plate step, the ridge-like terrain laid between the retaining wall and the slope, the collection pool set at the junction of the flat plate step and the slope, and the aquifer between the two flat plate steps, while improving the water holding capacity of the rock layer of the spoil dump flat plate, the impact of wind and sand on the plants on the spoil dump flat plate and the evaporation of surface water is reduced, and water storage and desalination and regular irrigation are achieved. After irrigation, the water collection structure is used to store water and reuse it multiple times, reducing the water consumption of vegetation restoration in arid areas, alleviating the problem of water resource shortage, ensuring that plants can continue to get sufficient water during their growth and development, and improving the survival rate and growth rate of plants in arid areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of this application, are used to provide further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute improper limitations on this application.

[0023] in:

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an improved flat plate structure for a spoil dump provided according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the improved flat plate group including two flat plate steps in the spoil dump flat plate structure;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of the middle part;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic top view of the modified flat disc group shown.

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] 1. Aquiclude; 2. Aquifer; 3. Topsoil; 4. Retaining wall; 5. Evaporation barrier; 6. Ridge-like topography; 7. Catchment pool; 8. Aquifer; 9. Automatic valve; 10. Water level sensor; 11. Catchment area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present application and does not limit the present application. In fact, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] In arid areas with high water evaporation, water resources are scarce. The existing spoil dump structure and standard retaining walls can only reduce the impact of wind and sand in a small area. In addition, the flat rock layer has poor water holding capacity and cannot achieve effective transformation of arid areas with high water evaporation, resulting in plants not being able to obtain sufficient water during their growth and development.

[0032] Based on this, the present application proposes a method for improving the flat plate of open-pit mine spoil dumps in arid areas. Through the coordinated cooperation of the retaining wall set at the top of the flat plate step, the concave and convex terrain (i.e., ridge-like terrain) laid between the retaining wall and the slope of the spoil dump, the collection pool set at the foot of the spoil dump slope, and the aquifer between the two flat plate steps, while improving the water holding capacity of the rock layer of the spoil dump flat plate, the impact of wind and sand on plants on the spoil dump flat plate and surface water evaporation is reduced, and water storage and desalination and regular irrigation are achieved to alleviate the problem of water shortage, ensure that plants can continue to obtain sufficient water during their growth and development, and improve the survival rate and growth rate of plants in arid areas.

[0033] This method for improving the flat pans of open-pit mine dumps in arid regions is used to improve multiple stepped flat pan groups. Each modified flat pan group includes n adjacent stepped flat pan steps, where n = {2, 3}, and n is a positive integer. In other words, each modified flat pan group contains two stepped flat pan steps, or each modified evaluation group contains three stepped flat pan steps.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, in this improved method, retaining walls 4 are provided at the top of each bench step of the waste dump. A continuous ridge-like terrain 6 is laid between the retaining wall 4 of the i-th bench step and the i-th slope of the waste dump; a i-th catchment basin 7 is provided at the junction of the i-th bench step and the i-th slope, and the altitude of the i-th catchment basin 7 is lower than that of the i-th bench step; an (i + 1)-th catchment basin 7 is provided at the junction of the (i + 1)-th bench step and the (i + 1)-th slope, and the altitude of the (i + 1)-th catchment basin 7 is lower than that of the (i + 1)-th bench step; an impervious layer 1 is provided between the (i + 1)-th catchment basin 7 and the (i + 1)-th slope. Among them, i < n, and i is a positive integer.

[0035] That is to say, in each group of reformed benches, multiple bench steps are included in sequence from bottom to top. The catchment basin 7 corresponding to the lowest bench step (the catchment basin 7 with the lowest altitude) is the 1st catchment basin 7, and no impervious layer 1 is provided between the 1st catchment basin 7 and the 1st slope; starting from the 2nd bench step, an impervious layer 1 is provided between the catchment basin 7 corresponding to each bench step and its corresponding slope.

[0036] An i-th water storage layer 8 is provided between the i-th bench step and the (i + 1)-th bench step. After the i-th water storage layer 8 extends along the parallel direction of the i-th bench step to the extension surface of the (i + 1)-th slope, it extends upward along the parallel direction of the (i + 1)-th slope to the (i + 1)-th catchment basin 7 and is connected to the (i + 1)-th catchment basin 7.

[0037] In each group of reformed benches, retaining walls 4 are provided with the top of the bench step as the boundary to reduce the influence of wind and sand. Between the retaining wall 4 of each bench step and its corresponding slope, a continuous ridge-like terrain 6 is laid, and a catchment basin 7 is excavated at the connection between the ridge-like terrain 6 and the toe of the slope; the catchment basin 7 corresponding to the upper bench step is connected to the catchment basin 7 corresponding to the lower bench step through the water storage layer 8, so that in each reformed bench, multiple adjacent upper and lower bench steps form a water storage whole, further improving the water storage capacity of the bench.

[0038] In each bench step, an impervious layer 1, an aquifer 2, a topsoil layer 3, an anti-evaporation layer 5, and a ridge-like terrain 6 are laid in reverse inclination sequence from bottom to top, and the impervious layer 1, the aquifer 2, the topsoil layer 3, the anti-evaporation layer 5, and the ridge-like terrain 6 are laid along the direction of at least 5 degrees downward inclination from the corresponding bench step to the slope. The aquifer 2, the topsoil layer 3, and the anti-evaporation layer 5 in the i-th bench step are all connected to the side surface of the i-th catchment basin 7, and the aquifer 2, the topsoil layer 3, and the anti-evaporation layer 5 in the (i + 1)-th bench step are all connected to the side surface of the (i + 1)-th catchment basin 7. Thus, after the bench step is irrigated, water and salt can migrate to the corresponding catchment basin 7 along the direction of at least 5 degrees downward inclination from the bench step to the slope.

[0039] The lower parts of the i-th water collection tank 7 and the (i+1)-th water collection tank 7 are both filled with rock fragments and covered with topsoil. In other words, the lower part of each water collection tank 7 is filled with rock fragments, and the upper part of the rock fragments is covered with topsoil. This allows water and salt to migrate to the corresponding water collection tank 7, and the rock fragments can effectively store water and desalinate. At the same time, the rock fragments and topsoil layer can also effectively reduce water evaporation in the water collection tank 7.

[0040] In the lower flat step of the reconstructed flat pan group, i.e., the i-th flat pan step, the aquiclude 1 extends parallel to the i-th flat pan step to the bottom of the i-th water collection tank 7, and then extends parallel to the i-th aquifer 8 to the i+1-th water collection tank 7. Specifically, it extends to the side of the i+1-th water collection tank 7. In other words, one side of the i+1-th water collection tank 7 is connected to the aquifer 2, topsoil 3, and evaporation prevention layer 5 of the i+1-th flat pan step, while the other side of the i+1-th water collection tank 7 is paved with the aquifer 8 and aquiclude 1. One side of the i-th water collection tank 7 is connected to the aquifer 2, topsoil 3, and evaporation prevention layer 5 of the i-th flat pan step, and the other side of the i-th water collection tank 7 is the i-th slope. Below the i-th water collection tank 7 is the aquifer 8 and aquiclude 1 that extend to the other side of the i+1-th water collection tank 7.

[0041] The i-th collecting tank 7 and the i+1-th collecting tank 7 are connected through the i-th aquifer 8. Furthermore, the i+1-th collecting tank 7 is provided with an automatic valve 9 located at the end of the i-th aquifer 8; in response to the water level in the i+1-th collecting tank 7 reaching a preset water level, the automatic valve 9 of the i+1-th collecting tank 7 opens, connecting the i+1-th collecting tank 7 and the i-th aquifer 8, so that the water in the i+1-th collecting tank 7 flows into the i-th aquifer 8.

[0042] That is to say, automatic valves 9 can be set at both ends of the i-th aquifer 8, and the i-th water collection tank 7 and the i+1-th water collection tank 7 can be connected and disconnected by controlling the opening and closing of the automatic valves 9. Specifically, a water level sensor 10 (such as a water level meter) is set in the i+1-th water collection tank 7. When the water level sensor 10 detects that the water level in the i+1-th water collection tank 7 reaches the set water level, the automatic valve 9 set at the end of the i-th aquifer 8 is controlled to open, so that the water in the i+1-th water collection tank 7 flows into the i-th aquifer 8, and / or flows into the i-th water collection tank 7 through the i-th aquifer 8.

[0043] In a specific application scenario, automatic valves 9 are set at both ends of the i-th aquifer 8, and the water in the i+1-th water collection tank 7 is controlled to flow into the i-th aquifer 8 through the automatic valve 9 close to the i+1-th water collection tank 7; at the same time, a corresponding water level sensor 10 (such as a water level meter) is set in the i-th water collection tank 7. When the water level sensor 10 in the i-th water collection tank 7 monitors that the water level in the i-th water collection tank 7 reaches the set water level, the automatic valve 9 at the end of the i-th aquifer 8 close to the i-th water collection tank 7 is controlled to open, so that the water in the i-th water collection tank 7 flows into the i-th aquifer 8.

[0044] In the present application, in each modified flat plate group, a drip irrigation network is provided on each flat plate step, and the drip irrigation network of each flat plate step is connected to the first water collection tank 7 through the same water pump pipeline. That is, in each modified flat plate group, the water in the i+1th water collection tank 7 enters the i-th water collection tank 7 through the aquifer 8, and circulates downward in sequence until the water is collected in the lowest water collection tank 7, that is, the water collection tank 7 corresponding to the first flat plate step of the modified flat plate group. The water in the first water collection tank 7 is pumped out by a water pump and transported to the drip irrigation network provided on the i-th flat plate step. The plants planted on the i-th flat plate step are drip-irrigated along the drip irrigation network provided on the i-th flat plate step. After the plants planted on the flat plate step are drip-irrigated by the drip irrigation network, the water seeps downward into the stratum, and the remaining water resources can also be collected in the aquifer 8 and the water collection tank 7, realizing the recycling of water resources.

[0045] In a specific example, a water collection area 11 is set between the rock fragments filled in the first water collection tank 7, so that the water in the first water collection tank 7 passes through the rock fragments and enters the water collection area 11. Then, the water pump pumps water through the water collection area 11 and transports the water to the drip irrigation network set on the i-th flat plate step.

[0046] In the ridge-like terrain 6 of the present application, the width of the interval between two adjacent low-lying areas is 20cm to 40cm; the height difference between the high platform and the low-lying areas of the ridge-like terrain 6 is 20cm to 40cm; plants are planted in the low-lying areas of the ridge-like terrain 6 to further improve the survival rate of the plants. During the transformation process, the width of the interval between two adjacent low-lying areas and the height difference between the high platform and the low-lying areas of the ridge-like terrain 6 are adjusted according to the wind speed in the area. When the wind speed is high, the width of the interval between two adjacent low-lying areas is smaller, and the height difference between the high platform and the low-lying areas is larger; when the wind speed is low, the width of the interval between two adjacent low-lying areas is larger, and the height difference between the high platform and the low-lying areas is smaller.

[0047] In this application, the thickness of the aquifer 1 is 10-20 cm, the thickness of the aquifer 2 is 50-60 cm, the thickness of the topsoil 3 is 50-60 cm, and the thickness of the evaporation prevention layer 5 is 10 cm. The aquifer 8 is filled with coal gangue and rock fragments. When draining the soil, it is only necessary to follow the normal operation method, which will not be detailed here.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0050] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations are readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the flat plate of open-pit mine dump in arid areas, characterized in that: Used to improve a plurality of stepped flat disc groups, each of which comprises adjacent A flat staircase in the shape of a ladder, among which, , is a positive integer; the improved method comprises: A retaining wall is set on the top of each flat plate step in the spoil field, and The retaining wall of the flat step and the first Continuous ridge-like terrain is laid between the slopes; , is a positive integer; In the The flat plate step and the The intersection of the two slopes is provided with a A collection tank, The elevation of the water collection pond is lower than that of the flat plate step; The flat plate step and the The intersection of the two slopes is provided with a The water collection tank, The elevation of the water collection pond is lower than that of The flat plate steps; in each of the transformed flat plate groups, the The water collection tank and A water-blocking layer is provided between the slope surfaces; No. The flat plate step and the There is a first aquifers; among them, The aquifer is along the The parallel direction of the flat plate step extends to the After the extension of the slope, along the The parallel direction of the slope extends upward to the The water collection tank, and The water collection tanks are connected; Each of the flat steps is paved with an aquiclude, an aquifer, a topsoil, an evaporation-proof layer, and the ridge-like terrain in an anti-slanting manner from bottom to top; wherein, the layers are paved in a direction inclined downward by at least 5 degrees from the corresponding flat step to the corresponding slope surface; the aquifer, the topsoil, and the evaporation-proof layer are all connected to the side of the corresponding water collection pool.

2. The method for improving the flat plate of the open-pit mine dump in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: No. The waterproof layer in the flat plate step is along the The parallel direction of the flat plate step extends to the After the bottom of the water collection tank, along the The parallel direction of the aquifer extends to the The water collection tank.

3. The method for improving the flat plate of the open-pit mine dump in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each of the flat steps, the waterproof layer is laid with a thickness of 10cm~20cm, the aquifer is laid with a thickness of 50cm~60cm, the topsoil layer is laid with a thickness of 50cm~60cm, and the anti-evaporation layer is laid with a thickness of 10cm.

4. The method for improving the flat plate of the open-pit mine dump in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: No. The water collecting pool is provided with a an automatic valve at the end of said aquifer; in response to the The water level in the first water collection tank reaches the preset water level, The automatic valve of the water collection tank is opened, connecting the The water collection tank and The aquifer The water in the water collection tank flows into the said aquifer.

5. The method for improving the flat plate of the open-pit mine dump in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: No. The water collection tank and The lower part of each of the water collection pools is filled with rock fragments, and the upper part is covered with topsoil.

6. The method for improving the flat plate of the open-pit mine dump in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each of the modified flat plate groups, each of the flat plate steps is provided with a drip irrigation network, and the drip irrigation network of each of the flat plate steps is connected to the first step through the same water pump. The water collection tank.

7. The method for improving the flat plate of open-pit mine dump in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the ridge-like terrain, the width of the interval between two adjacent low-lying areas is 20 cm to 40 cm; and / or, The height difference between the high platform and the low-lying area in the ridge-like terrain is 20 cm to 40 cm.

8. The method for improving the flat plate of an open-pit mine dump in arid areas according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Plants are planted in the low-lying areas of the ridge-like terrain; and / or the aquifer is filled with coal gangue and rock fragments.

Images