Multi-level coding set partitioning for non-linearity reduction

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a mobile station may obtain a multi-level coding (MLC) configuration to be applied to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set that includes a plurality of constellation symbols and has non-linearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The mobile station may process the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 807,098, filed on June 15, 2022, entitled “MULTI-LEVEL CODING SET PARTITIONING FOR NON-LINEARITY REDUCTION” and assigned to the assignee of the present application. The disclosure of the prior application is considered a part of and incorporated by reference into the present patent application. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for multi-level coding set partitioning for non-linear reduction. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0005] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communications for wireless communication devices, such as one user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. The UE may communicate with the network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to a communication link from a network node to a UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to a communication link from a UE to a network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communications, such as via a local link (e.g., a side link (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, as well as other examples). The above-mentioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at a city, country, region, and / or global level. New Radio (NR) (which may be 5G) is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by increasing spectral efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, leveraging new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, CP-OFDM and / or single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful. Summary of the invention

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a mobile station. The method may include obtaining, by the mobile station, a multi-level coding (MLC) configuration to be applied to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The method may include processing the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include: receiving capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The method may include: sending an MLC configuration to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication performed by a mobile station. The apparatus may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to obtain, by the mobile station, an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The one or more processors may be configured to process the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication performed by a network node. The apparatus may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The one or more processors may be configured to send an MLC configuration to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a mobile station. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the mobile station, may cause the mobile station to obtain an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the mobile station, may cause the mobile station to process the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a network node. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to send an MLC configuration to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for obtaining an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The apparatus may include means for processing the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The apparatus may include means for sending an MLC configuration to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0014] Aspects collectively include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0015] The features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite extensively above so that the following specific embodiments may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be easily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of protection of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitations of the claims.

[0016] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The technology described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The equipment incorporating the various aspects and features described may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or summers) for analog and digital purposes. The various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in various devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes and configurations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to fully understand the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure, a more specific description of the invention briefly summarized above can be obtained by referring to various aspects (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings). However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, as the specification may admit of other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0018] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of multi-level coding (MLC) set partitioning based at least in part on symbol distance in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of MLC set partitioning for nonlinearity reduction according to the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of MLC set partitioning and constellation subsets according to the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a mobile station according to the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process, for example, performed by a network node, according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig.10 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. Instead, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the protection scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods implemented using other structures, functions, or structures and functions in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0029] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0030] Although various aspects may be described herein using terms generally associated with 5G or new radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT, and / or post-5G RATs (e.g., 6G).

[0031] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, etc. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), one user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. The network node 110 is a network node that communicates with the UE 120. As shown in the figure, the network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 may be a converged network node, which means that the converged network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, the network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes, such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs).

[0032] In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with the UE 120 via a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or communicates with a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, the network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. For example, the network node 110 may include an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 via various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks) using any suitable transport network.

[0033] In some examples, the network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​the network node 110 and / or the network node subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. The network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by a UE 120 associated with a femto cell (e.g., a UE 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. Figure 1 In the example shown in , network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​a cell may move depending on the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0034] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a clustered base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a number of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeat the execution of at least a portion of the function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one of the base station functions but not the other. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0035] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive transmissions of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit transmissions of data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that can relay transmissions for other UEs 120. Figure 1 In the example shown in , a network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with a network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and a UE 120d to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, etc.

[0036] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while a pico network node, a femto network node, and a relay network node may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts).

[0037] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or in communication with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless backhaul communication link or a wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0038] UE 120 can be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 can be stationary or mobile. UE 120 can include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station and / or a subscriber unit. UE 120 can be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device and / or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0039] Some UEs 120 may be considered as machine type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags that may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered as Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered as customer premises equipment. UE 120 may be included in a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component and / or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, a processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory component (e.g., a memory) may be operationally coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0040] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc. Frequency may be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0041] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more side link channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0042] The devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using an electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency or wavelength. For example, the devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). It should be understood that, although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as a "below 6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming problem sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as a "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as a "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0043] The frequency between FR1 and FR2 is generally referred to as mid-band frequency. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating band for these mid-band frequencies as a frequency range designated FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The frequency band falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and therefore the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz-114.25GHz) and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0044] In view of the above examples, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that if the term "below 6 GHz" or the like is used herein, the term can be broadly referred to as a frequency that can be lower than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, the term can be broadly referred to as a frequency that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0045] In some aspects, a mobile station (e.g., UE 120) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may obtain a multi-level coding (MLC) configuration to be applied to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; and process the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0046] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive capability information from a mobile station indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; and send an MLC configuration to the mobile station indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0047] As indicated above, Figure 1 Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0048] Figure 2 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 communicating with a user equipment (UE) 120 in a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R antennas (R≥1). The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as an antenna 234 and a modem 254. In some examples, the network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include a radio frequency component that facilitates direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0049] At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for a UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) from a data source 212. The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE 120, and provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-coding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) (shown as modems 232a to 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (eg, T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (eg, T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a through 234t).

[0050] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a to 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter, among other things. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0051] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0052] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included within one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (in a single housing or multiple housings), sets of coplanar antenna elements, sets of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as, Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components in.

[0053] On the uplink, at the UE 120, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from the data source 262 and control information from the controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and sent to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, and / or a TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (eg, controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform the functions described herein (eg, with reference to Figures 5 to 10 )Aspects of any of the methods described herein.

[0054] At the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component of the modem 232 shown as DEMOD), detected by the MIMO detector 236 (where applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink and / or uplink communications. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform operations described herein (e.g., with reference to Figures 5 to 10 )Aspects of any of the methods described herein.

[0055] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other components of the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component of the Figure 7 The process of 700 Figure 8 800 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed (e.g., directly or after compilation, conversion, and / or interpretation) by one or more processors of network node 110 and / or UE 120, may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, and / or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, Figure 7 The process of 700 Figure 8 The process 800 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, etc.

[0056] In some aspects, a mobile station (e.g., UE 120) includes means for obtaining, by the mobile station, an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; and / or means for processing the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. In some aspects, means for a mobile station to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 140, the antenna 252, the modem 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, the controller / processor 280, or the memory 282.

[0057] In some aspects, a network node (e.g., network node 110) includes means for receiving capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of MLC set partitioning for a QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; and / or means for sending an MLC configuration to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. In some aspects, means for a network node to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 150, the transmit processor 220, the TX MIMO processor 230, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the controller / processor 240, the memory 242, or the scheduler 246.

[0058] Although Figure 2 The blocks in the 2000 and 2010 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above for these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described for the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0059] As indicated above, Figure 2 Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0060] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or components in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP or a cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent base station or a monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. "Network entity" or "network node" may refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof).

[0061] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A decomposed base station (e.g., a decomposed network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), and the like.

[0062] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a decomposed base station may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A decomposed base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a decomposed base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0063] Figure 3 3 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The decomposed base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310, which may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more decomposed control units (such as a near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via an F1 interface. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0064] Each of the units (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340) and the near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305 may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units may include a wired interface and a wireless interface, the wired interface being configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium, and the wireless interface being configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium, or to both.

[0065] In some aspects, CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function may be implemented as having an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 310. CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface such as an E1 interface. As needed, CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0066] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to a functional partition such as that defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers, such as one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0067] Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some deployments, the RU 340 controlled by the DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions based on functional splits (e.g., functional splits defined by 3GPP) such as lower layer functional splits, or low PHY layer functions such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc. In this architecture, each RU 340 may be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of communicating with the control plane and user plane of the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture such as a vRAN architecture.

[0068] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and configuration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RT RIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of the one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0069] The non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include logic functions that implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include logic functions that implement near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0070] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to adjust RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0071] As indicated above, Figure 3 Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0072] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of MLC set partitioning based at least in part on symbol distance according to the present disclosure. Figure 4 As shown in , set partitioning can be used to generate multiple constellation subsets based at least in part on a constellation set.

[0073] As indicated by reference numeral 405, the constellation diagram may include constellation points plotted in Euclidean space. In the illustrated example 400, the constellation diagram depicts a constellation set associated with a 16-point Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) telecommunication scheme with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).

[0074] As shown by reference numeral 410, the constellation set is divided into subsets, wherein the subsets at each level have a minimum Euclidean distance d2 between points of the subset that is greater than the minimum Euclidean distance d1 between points of the highest level (constellation set). The Euclidean distance is the linear distance between adjacent constellation points on the constellation diagram. The Euclidean distance is a measure of the ability of a hard decision decoder to distinguish between points in the subset in the presence of noise. For example, the Euclidean distance may be the distance of an error associated with decoding one or more least significant bits. As shown by reference numeral 415, the subset is divided into further subsets having a minimum Euclidean distance d3 that is greater than the minimum Euclidean distance d2 of the next highest level. As shown by reference numeral 420, the further subset is similarly divided into subsets having a minimum Euclidean distance d4 that is greater than the minimum Euclidean distance d3 of the next highest level. For example, d4>d3>d2>d1.

[0075] As described above, the set partitioning may involve a hierarchical separation of the constellation into multiple constellation subsets with increasing minimum Euclidean distance within each level. The decoding of the information carried by each constellation subset may be protected by different code rates to maximize the overall spectral efficiency. In the case where the AWGN is omnidirectional, the optimal partitioning of the hierarchical constellation set may be independent of the noise variance. However, in the case of nonlinear noise, the impact of the noise may be different depending on the symbol position in the constellation.

[0076] Communications within sub-THz bands (e.g., 90 GHz to 300 GHz) may suffer from increased phase noise and reduced power amplifier efficiency. The network node 110 may be configured to use DFT-s-OFDM (e.g., instead of standard OFDM) to send downlink communications to reduce phase noise and increase power amplifier efficiency. In some aspects, MLC may be used for power reduction, for example, to reduce the number of channel bits that need to pass through a low-density parity check (LDPC) encoder / decoder. Figure 4 The MLC set partitioning shown in and described above (e.g., conventional MLC set partitioning) can be designed to have constellation subsets with increasing minimum distances. Symbols that are close to each other in the constellation may require a lower decoding rate and therefore may have higher power requirements, while symbols that are far away from each other may use a higher decoding rate and therefore may have lower power requirements.

[0077] In some cases, conventional MLC set partitioning may not be suitable for constellations with increased phase noise and / or reduced power amplifier efficiency, such as communications in the sub-THz spectrum and communications using DFT-s-OFDM. For example, while each symbol in a constellation symbol using conventional MLC set partitioning may experience approximately the same nonlinearity, constellation symbols associated with sub-THz communications may have different nonlinearities depending on the position of the symbol within the constellation. Sub-THz bandwidths may experience increased nonlinearity within the constellation, and because the constellation may be associated with a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the nonlinearity may translate directly to the constellation and not to added noise (as is the case in OFDM). Therefore, MLC set partitioning that partitions constellation symbols based solely on the distance between constellation symbols may not be able to sufficiently reduce nonlinearity within the constellation.

[0078] Techniques and apparatus for MLC set partitioning for nonlinearity reduction are described herein. In some aspects, a mobile station (e.g., a UE) may obtain an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The mobile station may process the QAM constellation set using the MLC set partitioning according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. For example, the mobile station may partition the QAM constellation set into a first constellation subset including a first portion of constellation symbols and a second constellation subset including a second portion of constellation symbols based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0079] As described above, conventional MLC set partitioning may not be suitable for constellations with increased phase noise and / or reduced power amplifier efficiency, such as for communications in the sub-THz spectrum and / or communications using DFT-s-OFDM. For example, while each symbol in a constellation symbol using conventional MLC set partitioning may experience substantially the same nonlinearity, constellation symbols associated with sub-THz communications may have different nonlinearities depending on the position of the symbol within the constellation. Using the techniques and apparatus described herein, the mobile station may be configured to partition the constellation set into a first constellation subset and a second constellation subset based at least in part on phase noise and / or power amplification associated with multiple constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. Thus, nonlinearities caused by increased phase noise and / or reduced power amplifier efficiency may be reduced.

[0080] As indicated above, Figure 4 Other examples can be found in relation to Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0081] Figure 5 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of MLC set partitioning for nonlinearity reduction according to the present disclosure. A mobile station 505 may communicate with a network node 110. The mobile station 505 may include some or all of the features of the UE 120, CU 310, DU 330, and / or RU 340 described herein.

[0082] As shown in conjunction with reference numeral 510, the mobile station 505 may send MLC capability information, and the network node 110 may receive the MLC capability information. The MLC capability information may indicate whether the mobile station 505 is capable of performing MLC set partitioning. For example, the MLC capability information may indicate whether the mobile station 505 is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a constellation set that includes a plurality of constellation symbols and has a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise and / or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. In some aspects, the MLC capability information may indicate whether the mobile station 505 is capable of performing MLC set partitioning to reduce the nonlinearity of the constellation set. In some aspects, the constellation set may be a QAM constellation, such as a 16QAM constellation.

[0083] As shown in conjunction with reference numeral 515, the network node 110 may send an MLC configuration to be applied to a constellation set, the MLC configuration including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols, and the mobile station 505 may receive the MLC configuration. As described herein, the constellation set may be associated with a DFT-s-OFDM signal. The MLC configuration may instruct the mobile station 505 to perform MLC set partitioning to reduce phase noise and / or increase power amplifier efficiency, as described below.

[0084] As shown in conjunction with reference numeral 520, the mobile station 505 may process the constellation set using an MLC set partitioning according to an MLC configuration based at least in part on phase noise and / or power amplification associated with a plurality of constellation symbols of the constellation set. In some aspects, processing the constellation set may include partitioning the constellation set into a first constellation subset including a first portion of the constellation symbols and a second constellation subset including a second portion of the constellation symbols. In some aspects, the mobile station 505 may partition the constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset using a least significant bit of the constellation set and based at least in part on phase noise and / or power amplification associated with a plurality of constellation symbols in the constellation set.

[0085] In some aspects, the plurality of constellation symbols may include one or more corner constellation symbols located in one or more corners of the constellation set, one or more interior constellation symbols located in an interior portion of the constellation set, and one or more edge constellation symbols located in an edge portion of the constellation set and not corresponding to the corner constellation symbols. In this case, the first constellation subset may include the corner constellation symbols and the interior constellation symbols, and the second constellation subset may include the edge constellation symbols.

[0086] In some aspects, the mobile station 505 may further divide the first constellation subset and the second constellation. In some aspects, the first constellation subset may be divided into a first plurality of other constellation subsets, and the second constellation subset may be divided into a second plurality of other constellation subsets. For example, the first constellation subset may be divided into a third constellation subset and a fourth constellation subset, and the second constellation subset may be divided into a fifth constellation subset and a sixth constellation subset. The third constellation subset may include a portion of the constellation symbols of the first constellation subset, and the fourth constellation subset may include another portion of the constellation symbols of the first constellation subset. The fifth constellation subset may include a portion of the constellation symbols of the second constellation subset, and the sixth constellation subset may include another portion of the constellation symbols of the second constellation subset. In some aspects, based at least in part on a minimum Euclidean distance of constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset, the mobile station 505 may divide the first constellation subset into a first plurality of other constellation subsets and may divide the second constellation subset into a second plurality of other constellation subsets. In combination Figure 6 Additional details regarding these features are described.

[0087] In some aspects, one partition level may use a different type of channel decoding than another partition level. For example, a partition level close to the initial constellation set (e.g., a partition level including a constellation subset with a larger number of constellation symbols) may use a first type of channel decoding with a lower decoding rate, while a partition level far from the initial constellation set (e.g., a partition level including a constellation subset with a smaller number of constellation symbols) may use a second type of channel decoding with a higher decoding rate. In the above example, the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset (located in the first partition level) may use the first type of channel decoding with a lower decoding rate, and the first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second plurality of other constellation subsets (located in the second partition level) may use the second type of channel decoding with a higher decoding rate. In some aspects, the first type of channel decoding may be LDPC channel decoding requiring higher power consumption, and the second type of channel decoding may be Reed-Solomon coding or Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem coding using lower power consumption.

[0088] In some aspects, the mobile station 505 may send an indication of the MCS to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied, and the network node 110 may receive the indication. For example, the mobile station 505 may send an indication of the MCS based at least in part on a phase noise profile of the mobile station 505. In some aspects, the network node 110 may send an indication of the MCS to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied, and the mobile station 505 may receive the indication. For example, the network node 110 may send a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) (MAC-CE) indicating an MCS to be targeted for nonlinearity using MLC set partitioning. In some aspects, the network node 110 may send a DCI indicating a code rate to be used for MLC set partitioning, and the mobile station 505 may receive the DCI. The MLC configurations and MLC set partitioning described herein may be applied to downlink communications, uplink communications, or both downlink communications and uplink communications, among others.

[0089] As described above, conventional MLC set partitioning may not be suitable for constellations with increased phase noise and / or reduced power amplifier efficiency, such as for communications in the sub-THz spectrum and / or communications using DFT-s-OFDM. For example, while each symbol in a constellation symbol using conventional MLC set partitioning may experience substantially the same nonlinearity, constellation symbols associated with sub-THz communications may have different nonlinearities depending on the position of the symbol within the constellation. Using the techniques and apparatus described herein, the mobile station 505 may be configured to partition the constellation set into a first constellation subset and a second constellation subset based at least in part on phase noise and / or power amplification associated with multiple constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set. Thus, nonlinearities caused by increased phase noise and / or reduced power amplifier efficiency may be reduced.

[0090] As indicated above, Figure 5 Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0091] Figure 6600 is a diagram illustrating an example of MLC set partitioning and constellation subsets according to the present disclosure. As described herein, MLC set partitioning can be used to address nonlinearities within a constellation such as a QAM constellation (e.g., a 16QAM constellation). In some aspects, MLC set partitioning can be initiated by moving corner constellation symbols away from symbols adjacent to corner constellation symbols (e.g., edge constellation symbols). In sub-THz spectrum, corner constellation symbols may experience the largest phase noise nonlinearities and the largest power amplification nonlinearities. As shown in example 600, a first MLC set partitioning level may include a first constellation subset 610 and a second constellation subset 615, the first constellation subset including all edge constellation symbols (excluding corner constellation symbols) of constellation 605, and the second constellation subset including all corner constellation symbols and all internal constellation symbols of constellation 605. The first MLC set partitioning level may be represented by a first bit b0, wherein the first state of the bit (b0=0) corresponds to the first constellation subset 610, and the second state of the bit (b0=1) corresponds to the second constellation subset 615.

[0092] In some aspects, the second MLC set partitioning level may include a further partitioning of the first constellation subset 610 and the second constellation subset 615. The first constellation subset 610 may be partitioned into a first plurality of other constellation subsets, and the second constellation subset 615 may be partitioned into a second plurality of other constellation subsets. The first constellation subset 610 and the second constellation subset 615 may be partitioned to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance within the new constellation subsets. For example, the first constellation subset 610 may be partitioned into a first other constellation subset 625 and a second other constellation subset 630 to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance between edge constellation symbols. The second MLC set partitioning level may be represented by a first bit b1, where a first state of the bit (b1=0) corresponds to the first other constellation subset 625, and a second state of the bit (b1=1) corresponds to the second other constellation subset 630. As described herein, the MLC set partitioning levels may have different channel codes to protect the constellation subsets. For example, the first MLC set partition level (including the first constellation subset 610 and the second constellation subset 615) may use a first type of decoding using a low decoding rate, while the second MLC set partition level (including the first other constellation subset 625 and the second other constellation subset 630) may use a second type of decoding using a high decoding rate. For example, the first MLC set partition level may use LDPC decoding, and the second MLC set partition level may use Reed-Solomon decoding or Bose-Chadhoury-Hoqueng mother decoding. In some aspects, the MLC set partition level including (or corresponding to) the most significant bit (MSB) may not require encoding or decoding.

[0093] As indicated above, Figure 6 Other examples can be found in relation to Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0094] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example process 700 performed, for example, by a mobile station in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example in which a mobile station (eg, mobile station 505) performs operations associated with MLC set partitioning for nonlinear reduction.

[0095] like Figure 7 As shown in , in some aspects, process 700 may include: obtaining an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols (block 710). For example, a mobile station (e.g., using Fig. 9 The communication manager 140 and / or obtaining component 908 depicted in the figure can obtain an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, which includes multiple constellation symbols and has a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the multiple constellation symbols, as described above.

[0096] like Figure 7 As further shown in FIG. 7 , in some aspects, process 700 may include processing a QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to an MLC configuration based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with a plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set (block 720). Fig. 9 The communication manager 140 and / or partitioning component 910 depicted in FIG. 1 may process the QAM constellation set using MLC set partitioning according to an MLC configuration based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with multiple constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set, as described above.

[0097] Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0098] In a first aspect, a QAM constellation set is associated with a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal.

[0099] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, processing a QAM constellation set includes dividing the QAM constellation set into a first constellation subset comprising a first portion of constellation symbols and a second constellation subset comprising a second portion of constellation symbols.

[0100] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, dividing a QAM constellation set into a first constellation subset and a second constellation subset comprises dividing the QAM constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset using a least significant bit of the QAM constellation set and based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with a plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0101] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the plurality of constellation symbols include a plurality of corner constellation symbols located in a plurality of corners of a QAM constellation set, a plurality of internal constellation symbols located in an internal portion of the QAM constellation set, and a plurality of edge constellation symbols located in an edge portion of the QAM constellation set that does not include the corner constellation symbols, wherein a first constellation subset includes the corner constellation symbols and the internal constellation symbols, and a second constellation subset includes the edge constellation symbols.

[0102] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 700 includes: dividing the first constellation subset into a first plurality of other constellation subsets, and dividing the second constellation subset into a second plurality of other constellation subsets based at least in part on a minimum Euclidean distance of constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

[0103] In a sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset use a first type of channel decoding, and the first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second plurality of other constellation subsets use a second type of channel decoding.

[0104] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the first type of channel decoding has a lower decoding rate than the second type of channel decoding.

[0105] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the first type of channel decoding is low density parity check decoding, and the second type of channel decoding is Reed-Solomon decoding.

[0106] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, process 700 includes sending a capability message associated with a mobile station performing MLC set partitioning.

[0107] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the capability information further indicates whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning to reduce non-linearity of the QAM constellation set.

[0108] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, process 700 includes sending an indication of phase noise nonlinearity or power amplification nonlinearity.

[0109] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, the process 700 includes sending an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0110] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, process 700 includes receiving an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0111] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, the process 700 includes receiving downlink control information including an indication of an MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for MLC set partitioning.

[0112] In a fifteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, a QAM constellation set is associated with a downlink wireless communication signal.

[0113] In a sixteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, a QAM constellation set is associated with an uplink wireless communication signal.

[0114] In a seventeenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, the QAM constellation set is associated with communications performed in a spectrum between 90 GHz and 300 GHz.

[0115] although Figure 7 An example block diagram of process 700 is shown, but in some aspects, process 700 may include Figure 7 Additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in the process 700. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of the blocks of process 700 may be performed in parallel.

[0116] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, by a network node in accordance with the present disclosure. The example process 800 is an example in which a network node (eg, network node 110) performs operations associated with MLC set partitioning for nonlinear reduction.

[0117] like Figure 8As shown in , in some aspects, process 800 may include: receiving capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols (block 810). For example, a network node (e.g., using Fig.10 The communication manager 150 and / or receiving component 1002 depicted in the figure can receive capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including multiple constellation symbols and having nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the multiple constellation symbols, as described above.

[0118] like Figure 8 As further shown in FIG. 8 , in some aspects, process 800 may include: sending an MLC configuration to a mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with a plurality of constellation symbols of a QAM constellation set (block 820). For example, a network node (e.g., using Fig.10 The communication manager 150 and / or the sending component 1004 depicted in FIG. 1 may send an MLC configuration to a mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that MLC set partitioning is to be performed based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with multiple constellation symbols of a QAM constellation set, as described above.

[0119] Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0120] In a first aspect, a QAM constellation set is associated with a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal.

[0121] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the MLC configuration indicates that MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation set into a plurality of constellation subsets using a least significant bit and based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with a plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0122] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the MLC configuration indicates that MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation into a first constellation subset including a plurality of corner constellation symbols and a plurality of inner constellation symbols, and a second constellation subset including a plurality of edge constellation symbols.

[0123] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, an MLC configuration indicating that an MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning a QAM constellation set into a first constellation subset and a second constellation subset indicates partitioning the first constellation subset into a first plurality of other constellation subsets and partitioning the second constellation subset into a second plurality of other constellation subsets based at least in part on a minimum Euclidean distance of constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

[0124] In a fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the MLC configuration indicates a first type of channel decoding to be applied to a first constellation subset and a second constellation subset and a second type of channel decoding to be applied to a first plurality of other constellation subsets and a second plurality of other constellation subsets.

[0125] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the first type of channel decoding has a lower decoding rate than the second type of channel decoding.

[0126] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the first type of channel decoding is low density parity check decoding, and the second type of channel decoding is Reed-Solomon decoding.

[0127] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the capability information indicates whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning to reduce non-linearity of a QAM constellation set.

[0128] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, process 800 includes receiving an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0129] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, process 800 includes sending an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0130] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, process 800 includes sending downlink control information including an indication of an MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for MLC set partitioning.

[0131] although Figure 8 An example block diagram of process 800 is shown, but in some aspects, process 800 may include Figure 8 Additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in the process 800. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of the blocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.

[0132] Fig. 9 is a diagram of an example apparatus 900 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 900 may be a mobile station, or a mobile station may include apparatus 900. In some aspects, apparatus 900 includes a receiving component 902 and a transmitting component 904 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 900 may communicate with another apparatus 906 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 902 and transmitting component 904. As further shown, apparatus 900 may include a communication manager 140. Communication manager 140 may include one or more of obtaining component 908 or partitioning component 910, etc.

[0133] In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform Figure 6 to Figure 7 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 7 The process 700. In some aspects, Fig. 9 The device 900 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Fig. 9 One or more of the components shown in the figure may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0134] The receiving component 902 may receive communications from the device 906, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. The receiving component 902 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 900. In some aspects, the receiving component 902 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 900. In some aspects, the receiving component 902 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof, of a mobile station are described.

[0135] The transmitting component 904 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to the device 906. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 900 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 904 for transmission to the device 906. In some aspects, the transmitting component 904 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 906. In some aspects, the transmitting component 904 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described mobile station. In some aspects, the transmit component 904 can be co-located with the receive component 902 in a transceiver.

[0136] The obtaining component 908 can obtain an MLC configuration to be applied to a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. The partitioning component 910 can process the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0137] Partition component 910 can partition the first constellation subset into a first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second constellation subset into a second plurality of other constellation subsets based at least in part on a minimum Euclidean distance of constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

[0138] Transmitting component 904 may transmit capability information associated with the mobile station performing MLC set partitioning. Transmitting component 904 may transmit an indication of phase noise nonlinearity or power amplification nonlinearity. Transmitting component 904 may transmit an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied. Receiving component 902 may receive an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied. Receiving component 902 may receive downlink control information including an indication of an MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for MLC set partitioning.

[0139] Fig. 9 The number and arrangement of components shown in the figure are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Fig. 9 Additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown in FIG. Fig. 9 Two or more components shown in may be implemented in a single component, or Fig. 9 The single component shown in may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Fig. 9 A set (one or more) of components shown in the figure may be described as being executed by Fig. 9 One or more functions performed by another set of components shown in FIG.

[0140] Fig.10 1 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1000 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1000 may be a network node, or a network node may include apparatus 1000. In some aspects, apparatus 1000 includes a receiving component 1002 and a transmitting component 1004 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1000 may communicate with another apparatus 1006 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1002 and transmitting component 1004. As further shown, apparatus 1000 may include a communication manager 150. Communication manager 150 may include configuration component 1008, etc.

[0141] In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform Figures 5 and 6 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 8 The process 800. In some aspects, Fig.10 The device 1000 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Fig.10 One or more of the components shown in the figure may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0142] The receiving component 1002 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, from the apparatus 1006. The receiving component 1002 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the receiving component 1002 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the receiving component 1002 may include combining Figure 2One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof, of the described network nodes.

[0143] The transmitting component 1004 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to the device 1006. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 1000 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1004 for transmission to the device 1006. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1004 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 1006. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1004 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described network nodes. In some aspects, the transmit component 1004 can be co-located with the receive component 1002 in a transceiver.

[0144] Receiving component 1002 can receive capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing MLC set partitioning on a QAM constellation set, the QAM constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols. Transmitting component 1004 and / or configuring component 1008 can transmit to the mobile station a means of MLC configuration, the MLC configuration indicating that MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0145] Receiving component 1002 can receive an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied. Sending component 1004 can send an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which MLC set partitioning is to be applied. Sending component 1004 can send downlink control information including an indication of an MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for MLC set partitioning.

[0146] Fig.10 The number and arrangement of components shown in the figure are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Fig.10 Additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown in FIG. Fig.10 Two or more components shown in may be implemented in a single component, or Fig.10 The single component shown in can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Fig.10 The collection of (one or more) components shown in can perform the operations described by Fig.10 Another collection of components shown in the figure performs one or more functions.

[0147] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0148] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a mobile station, the method comprising: obtaining, by the mobile station, a multi-level coding (MLC) configuration to be applied to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set, the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set comprising a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; and processing the QAM constellation set using an MLC set partition according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0149] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the QAM constellation set is associated with a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal.

[0150] Aspect 3: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein processing the QAM constellation set includes: dividing the QAM constellation set into a first constellation subset including a first part of the constellation symbols and a second constellation subset including a second part of the constellation symbols.

[0151] Aspect 4: A method according to Aspect 3, wherein dividing the QAM constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset includes: using the least significant bit of the QAM constellation set and at least partially based on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the multiple constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set to divide the QAM constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

[0152] Aspect 5: A method according to Aspect 3, wherein the multiple constellation symbols include multiple corner constellation symbols located in multiple corners of the QAM constellation set, multiple internal constellation symbols located in the internal part of the QAM constellation set, and multiple edge constellation symbols located in the edge part of the QAM constellation set that does not include the corner constellation symbols, wherein the first constellation subset includes the corner constellation symbols and the internal constellation symbols, and the second constellation subset includes the edge constellation symbols.

[0153] Aspect 6: According to the method of Aspect 3, the method also includes: dividing the first constellation subset into a first plurality of other constellation subsets, and dividing the second constellation subset into a second plurality of other constellation subsets, at least in part based on the minimum Euclidean distance of the constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

[0154] Aspect 7: The method according to aspect 6, wherein the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset use a first type of channel decoding, and the first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second plurality of other constellation subsets use a second type of channel decoding.

[0155] Aspect 8: The method according to aspect 7, wherein the first type of channel decoding has a lower decoding rate than the second type of channel decoding.

[0156] Aspect 9: The method according to aspect 7, wherein the first type of channel decoding is low density parity check decoding, and the second type of channel decoding is Reed-Solomon decoding.

[0157] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, further comprising: sending capability information associated with the mobile station performing the MLC set partitioning.

[0158] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, wherein the capability information further indicates whether the mobile station is capable of performing the MLC set partitioning to reduce the nonlinearity of the QAM constellation set.

[0159] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, further comprising: sending an indication of phase noise nonlinearity or power amplification nonlinearity.

[0160] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, further comprising: sending an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0161] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0162] Aspect 15: According to the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, the method also includes: receiving downlink control information, the downlink control information including an indication of the MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for the MLC set partitioning.

[0163] Aspect 16: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 15, wherein the QAM constellation set is associated with a downlink wireless communication signal.

[0164] Aspect 17: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 16, wherein the QAM constellation set is associated with an uplink wireless communication signal.

[0165] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 17, wherein the QAM constellation set is associated with communications performed in a spectrum between 90 GHz and 300 GHz.

[0166] Aspect 19: A wireless communication method performed by a network node, the method comprising: receiving capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing multi-level coding (MLC) set partitioning on a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set, the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set comprising multiple constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the multiple constellation symbols; and sending an MLC configuration to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the multiple constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

[0167] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 19, wherein the QAM constellation set is associated with a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal.

[0168] Aspect 21: A method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 20, wherein the MLC configuration indication performs the MLC set partitioning by using the least significant bit and at least partially based on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the multiple constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set to partition the QAM constellation set into multiple constellation subsets.

[0169] Aspect 22: A method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 21, wherein the MLC configuration indicates that the MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation into a first constellation subset including a plurality of corner constellation symbols and a plurality of inner constellation symbols and a second constellation subset including a plurality of edge constellation symbols.

[0170] Aspect 23: A method according to Aspect 22, wherein the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset indicates that the first constellation subset is partitioned into a first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second constellation subset is partitioned into a second plurality of other constellation subsets based at least in part on a minimum Euclidean distance of the constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

[0171] Aspect 24: A method according to Aspect 23, wherein the MLC configuration indicates a first type of channel decoding to be applied to the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset and a second type of channel decoding to be applied to the first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second plurality of other constellation subsets.

[0172] Aspect 25: The method according to aspect 24, wherein the first type of channel decoding has a lower decoding rate than the second type of channel decoding.

[0173] Aspect 26: The method according to aspect 24, wherein the first type of channel decoding is low density parity check decoding, and the second type of channel decoding is Reed-Solomon decoding.

[0174] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 26, wherein the capability information indicates whether the mobile station is capable of performing the MLC set partitioning to reduce the nonlinearity of the QAM constellation set.

[0175] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 27, the method further comprising: receiving an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0176] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 28, further comprising: sending an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

[0177] Aspect 30: According to the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 29, the method also includes: sending downlink control information, the downlink control information including an indication of the MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for the MLC set partitioning.

[0178] Aspect 31: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 1 to 18.

[0179] Aspect 32: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0180] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0181] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0182] Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 18.

[0183] Aspect 36: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 19 to 30.

[0184] Aspect 37: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to execute the method according to one or more of aspects 19 to 30.

[0185] Aspect 38: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 19 to 30.

[0186] Aspect 39: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 19 to 30.

[0187] Aspect 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 19 to 30.

[0188] While the foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of these aspects.

[0189] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other names, "software" should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures and / or functions, etc. As used herein, "processor" is implemented by a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. It will be apparent that the system and / or method described herein can be implemented by a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software in different forms. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit various aspects. Therefore, the operation and behavior of the system and / or method are not described herein with reference to specific software codes, because it will be understood by those skilled in the art that software and hardware can be designed to implement the system and / or method based at least in part on the description herein.

[0190] As used herein, "satisfying a threshold" may refer to a value being greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc., depending on the context.

[0191] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features can be combined in a manner that is not specifically listed in the claims and / or is not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim combined with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase "at least one of" the list of items refers to any combination of these items (which includes a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c and a+b+c, and any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b and c).

[0192] Any element, action or instruction used herein should not be interpreted as critical or necessary unless clearly stated. In addition, as used herein, the articles "one" and "a kind of" are intended to include one or more entries and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more entries connected to the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more entries and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If you only want to refer to an entry, the phrase "only one" or similar terms will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the term "having" etc. is intended to be an open term, which does not limit the elements they modify (for example, "having" A elements can also have B). In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "based at least in part on", unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" when used in a series is intended to be open-ended and can be used interchangeably with "and / or" unless expressly stated otherwise (eg, if used in conjunction with "either" or "only one of").

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a mobile station, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and and one or more processors configured, based at least in part on the information stored in the memory: obtaining a multi-level coding (MLC) configuration to be applied to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; as well as The QAM constellation set is processed using an MLC set partitioning according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the QAM constellation set is associated with a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors for processing the QAM constellation set are configured to divide the QAM constellation set into a first constellation subset comprising a first portion of the constellation symbols and a second constellation subset comprising a second portion of the constellation symbols.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the one or more processors for dividing the QAM constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset are configured to divide the QAM constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset using a least significant bit of the QAM constellation set and based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of constellation symbols comprises a plurality of corner constellation symbols located in a plurality of corners of the QAM constellation set, a plurality of inner constellation symbols located in an inner portion of the QAM constellation set, and a plurality of edge constellation symbols located in an edge portion of the QAM constellation set excluding the corner constellation symbols, wherein the first constellation subset comprises the corner constellation symbols and the inner constellation symbols, and the second constellation subset comprises the edge constellation symbols.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: partition the first constellation subset into a first plurality of other constellation subsets, and partition the second constellation subset into a second plurality of other constellation subsets based at least in part on a minimum Euclidean distance of the constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset use a first type of channel coding, and the first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second plurality of other constellation subsets use a second type of channel coding.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first type of channel decoding has a lower decoding rate than the second type of channel decoding.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to send capability information associated with the mobile station performing the MLC set partitioning.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the capability information further indicates whether the mobile station is capable of performing the MLC set partitioning to reduce the nonlinearity of the QAM constellation set.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to send an indication of phase noise nonlinearity or power amplification nonlinearity.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to send an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive downlink control information comprising an indication of the MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for the MLC set partitioning.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the set of QAM constellations is associated with communications performed in a spectrum between 90 GHz and 300 GHz.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and and one or more processors configured, based at least in part on the information stored in the memory: receiving capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing multi-level coding (MLC) set partitioning on a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; as well as An MLC configuration is sent to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is to be performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the set of QAM constellations is associated with a discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the MLC configuration indicates that the MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation set into a plurality of constellation subsets using a least significant bit and based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the MLC configuration indicates that the MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation into a first constellation subset including a plurality of corner constellation symbols and a plurality of inner constellation symbols and a second constellation subset including a plurality of edge constellation symbols.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation set into the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset indicates partitioning the first constellation subset into a first plurality of other constellation subsets and partitioning the second constellation subset into a second plurality of other constellation subsets based at least in part on a minimum Euclidean distance of the constellation symbols within the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the MLC configuration indicates a first type of channel decoding to be applied to the first constellation subset and the second constellation subset and a second type of channel decoding to be applied to the first plurality of other constellation subsets and the second plurality of other constellation subsets.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first type of channel decoding has a lower decoding rate than the second type of channel decoding.

23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the capability information indicates whether the mobile station is capable of performing the MLC set partitioning to reduce the nonlinearity of the QAM constellation set.

24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to receive an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

25. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to send an indication of a modulation and coding scheme to which the MLC set partitioning is to be applied.

26. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to send downlink control information comprising an indication of the MLC configuration and a code rate to be used for the MLC set partitioning.

27. A method of wireless communication performed by a mobile station, the method comprising: obtaining, by the mobile station, a multi-level coding (MLC) configuration to be applied to a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; as well as The QAM constellation set is processed using an MLC set partitioning according to the MLC configuration based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein processing the QAM constellation set comprises dividing the QAM constellation set into a first constellation subset comprising a first portion of the constellation symbols and a second constellation subset comprising a second portion of the constellation symbols based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

29. A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: receiving capability information from a mobile station, the capability information indicating whether the mobile station is capable of performing multi-level coding (MLC) set partitioning on a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation set including a plurality of constellation symbols and having a nonlinearity based at least in part on phase noise or power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols; as well as An MLC configuration is sent to the mobile station, the MLC configuration indicating that the MLC set partitioning is to be performed based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the MLC configuration indicates that the MLC set partitioning is performed by partitioning the QAM constellation set into a plurality of constellation subsets based at least in part on the phase noise or the power amplification associated with the plurality of constellation symbols of the QAM constellation set.

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