A kind of selenium-enriched feed and cultivation method of selenium-enriched abalone

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product breeding feed, specifically a kind of selenium-enriched feed and the cultivation method of selenium-enriched abalone, the selenium-enriched feed is abalone feed, and the selenium-enriched feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts by weight of selenium-enriched extract, 15-25 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5-15 parts by weight of glucose, 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 5-15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 15-35 parts by weight of wheat flour, 15-45 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 5-15 parts by weight of Spirulina powder. The selenium-enriched feed has very high selenium content and relatively low cellulose content, and also has relatively high selenium content in the abalone gastropod fed with it.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product breeding feeds, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich feed and a cultivation method for selenium-rich abalones. Background Art

[0002] An abalone is a marine shellfish, also known as "Haliotis", and is a precious marine economic breeding species. Abalones are widely distributed. They live in a creeping manner and inhabit rock crevices and stone caves with rich surrounding seaweeds, clear water, and smooth water flow. They are nocturnal. Adult abalones are omnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of brown algae, and they also eat green algae, red algae, diatoms, seed plants, and lower animals and plants.

[0003] The meat of abalones is tender, fresh and not greasy; in 100 grams of abalones, the protein content is about 12.6 grams, and the fat content is about 0.8 grams. It can be seen that abalones belong to low-fat foods. The protein content in dried abalone products is above 50%. It can be seen that abalones are also high-protein foods. Abalones contain some carbohydrates, accounting for about 6.6%; in addition, abalone meat also contains rich polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins A, E, and B12, as well as minerals such as selenium, zinc, and iodine, which can effectively enhance the immunity of consumers, reduce cholesterol, protect the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, and have a significant effect on improving eyesight. It has an excellent conditioning and nourishing effect on the weak and those who drink and smoke too much.

[0004] Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body. Selenium participates in the synthesis of various selenium-containing enzymes and selenium-containing proteins in the human body; among them, glutathione peroxidase can catalyze the conversion of hydroperoxides or lipid peroxides into water or various alcohols in the organism, thereby eliminating the attack of free radicals on biological membranes and protecting biological membranes from oxidative damage; selenium can also participate in the formation of iodothyronine deiodinase. Selenium can improve human immunity, promote the proliferation of lymphocytes and the synthesis of antibodies and immunoglobulins, and has obvious inhibitory and protective effects on various cancers such as colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer. Its intermediate metabolite methylene glycol in the organism has strong anti-cancer activity. Selenium in the human body is mainly obtained from daily diet. Therefore, the selenium content in food directly affects people's daily selenium intake. Among natural foods, selenium-rich foods include seafood, mushrooms, eggs, garlic, and ginkgo, etc. Therefore, effectively increasing the selenium content in abalones can achieve selenium supplementation by eating abalones. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a selenium-rich feed and a cultivation method for selenium-rich abalones to achieve the purpose of increasing the selenium content in abalones.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention provides a selenium-rich feed, which is a feed for abalone. The selenium-rich feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 15-25 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of kelp powder, and 5-15 parts by weight of glucose.

[0007] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the fish meal can be selected from red fish meal and / or white fish meal.

[0008] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the selenium-rich feed further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 5-15 parts by weight of soybean meal, and 15-35 parts by weight of wheat flour.

[0009] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the yeast can be brewer's yeast, but is not limited thereto.

[0010] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the selenium-rich feed further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-45 parts by weight of sargassum powder and 5-15 parts by weight of spirulina powder.

[0011] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the selenium-rich feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 17-22 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-25 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5-10 parts by weight of glucose, 3-5 parts by weight of yeast, 10-15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25-30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30-35 parts by weight of sargassum powder, and 10-15 parts by weight of spirulina powder. Specifically, the selenium-rich feed can comprise the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp powder, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of sargassum powder, and 12 parts by weight of spirulina powder.

[0012] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the selenium-rich extract is selected from extracts of Cardamine violifolia.

[0013] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the extract of Cardamine violifolia is prepared by the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Provide crude powder of Cardamine violifolia, and further pulverize and sieve the crude powder of Cardamine violifolia to obtain fine powder of Cardamine violifolia;

[0015] Step 2: Place the fine powder of Cardamine violifolia in a water bath at 55°C - 65°C, add cellulase and react for 35 - 55 min, and then filter to retain the solid product;

[0016] Step 3: The solid product obtained in Step 2 is washed and dried to obtain the Cardamine violifolia extract.

[0017] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in Step 1, the Cardamine violifolia coarse powder is pulverized and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the Cardamine violifolia fine powder.

[0018] In one aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, in Step 2, based on the total mass of the Cardamine violifolia fine powder, the mass percentage content of the cellulase is 1.5%-2.5%. Specifically, based on the total mass of the Cardamine violifolia fine powder, the mass percentage content of the cellulase is 2%.

[0019] According to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for cultivating selenium-enriched abalone, including feeding the abalone with the aforementioned selenium-enriched feed.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The selenium-enriched feed containing the selenium-enriched extract provided by the present invention has a high selenium content and a low cellulose content, and the selenium content in the foot of the abalone fed therewith is also high. The abalone fed with the selenium-enriched feed containing the selenium-enriched extract provided by the present invention has a significant increase in average shell length and average wet weight, and due to the low cellulose content in the selenium-enriched feed, the conversion efficiency of the abalone fed therewith for the feed is also good. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] Here, the exemplary embodiments will be described in detail. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. On the contrary, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0023] The terms used in the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" and "said" used in the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the present invention to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.

[0025] In the present invention, the term "Cardamine violifolia" is a cruciferous plant with strong selenium-accumulating ability. The tender stems and leaves of Cardamine violifolia can be eaten, and when the plant matures, its selenium content reaches the highest level.

[0026] In the present invention, the term "red fish meal" does not specifically refer to fish meal made from a certain type of fish, but rather refers to fish meal made from fish with red flesh or fish processing by-products (such as small miscellaneous fish, small shrimps, etc.) through a series of technological processes. These fish can include, but are not limited to, anchovies, sardines, mackerels, saury, salmon, etc. The production process of red fish meal usually includes steps such as sterilization, defatting, drying, and pulverization to ensure its safety, storage stability, and ease of use. Among them, the sterilization treatment can kill biological pathogens and bacteria in the fish; the defatting treatment can remove harmful components in fish oil, such as fatty acids and cholesterol, thus retaining the protein, minerals, and other beneficial components in the red fish meal; the drying treatment further reduces the moisture content in the red fish meal and improves its storage stability; finally, through pulverization technology, the red fish meal is made into fine powder, which is convenient for mixing and feeding to aquaculture animals or as a raw material for livestock and poultry feed.

[0027] In the present invention, the term "white fish meal" does not specifically refer to fish meal made from a certain specific type of fish, but rather refers to fish meal made from fish with relatively white flesh or fish processing by-products (such as fish bones, fish heads, fish viscera, etc.) through a series of technological processes. These fish can include various freshwater and seawater fish, but the specific types will vary depending on regions, fishing habits, and processing requirements. The production process of white fish meal is similar to that of red fish meal and also involves steps such as sterilization, defatting, drying, and pulverization. These steps are aimed at ensuring the safety, storage stability, and ease of use of the fish meal. White fish meal is also rich in protein, minerals, and other nutrients and is a commonly used high-quality protein source in livestock and poultry feed and aquaculture.

[0028] In the present invention, the term "sargassum powder" is a product processed from sargassum through multiple processes; specifically, its production process includes impurity removal, rough drying in the sun, steam sterilization and drying, coarse powder processing, fine powder processing, and cooling, etc. In the present invention, the term "spirulina powder" is a powdery product made by grinding spirulina as raw material.

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] The present invention provides a selenium-rich feed, which is a feed for abalone.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The preparation of the selenium-rich feed includes the following steps:

[0033] 1. Preparation of selenium-enriched extract

[0034] The whole plant of Cardamine violifolia is dried and powdered to obtain the crude powder of Cardamine violifolia. The crude powder of Cardamine violifolia is further pulverized and sieved through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the fine powder of Cardamine violifolia;

[0035] The fine powder of Cardamine violifolia is placed in a hot water bath at 60 °C, cellulase is added and reacted for 45 min, and then filtered to retain the solid product; among them, the mass of cellulase is 2% of the mass of the fine powder of Cardamine violifolia;

[0036] The solid product is washed and dried to obtain the extract of Cardamine violifolia.

[0037] 2. Preparation of selenium-enriched feed

[0038] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the extract of Cardamine violifolia prepared in step 2, and mix it with 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp powder, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 12 parts by weight of Spirulina powder. After stirring and mixing, it is ball-milled (300 r / min, 2 h, loaded with the mixture and ball-milling beads at a mass ratio of 20:1), and then tableted and dried to obtain the selenium-enriched feed.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that: the crude powder of Cardamine violifolia is further pulverized and sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the fine powder of Cardamine violifolia.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that: the crude powder of Cardamine violifolia is further pulverized and sieved through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain the fine powder of Cardamine violifolia.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that: the reaction time after adding cellulase is 60 min.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] The steps are the same as those in Example 1, except that: the reaction time after adding cellulase is 30 min.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] Including the following steps:

[0049] 1. Preparation of selenium-enriched extract

[0050] Dry the whole Cardamine violifolia and powder it to obtain the crude powder of Cardamine violifolia. Further pulverize the crude powder of Cardamine violifolia and sieve it through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the fine powder of Cardamine violifolia. Wash and dry the fine powder of Cardamine violifolia to obtain the Cardamine violifolia extract.

[0051] 2. Preparation of selenium-enriched feed

[0052] Weigh 3 parts by weight of the Cardamine violifolia extract prepared in step 2, and mix it with 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp powder, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 12 parts by weight of Spirulina powder. After stirring and mixing, perform ball milling (300 r / min, 2 h, load the mixture and ball milling beads according to a mass ratio of 20:1), then perform tabletting and drying to obtain the selenium-enriched feed.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] Mix 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 22 parts by weight of kelp powder, 6 parts by weight of glucose, 3 parts by weight of yeast, 12 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 12 parts by weight of Spirulina powder. After stirring and mixing, perform ball milling (300 r / min, 2 h, load the mixture and ball milling beads according to a mass ratio of 20:1), then perform tabletting and drying to obtain the selenium-enriched feed.

[0055] Experimental Example 1: Determination of selenium content in the selenium-enriched extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 6

[0056] According to GB 5009.9-2017, after digesting the Cardamine violifolia extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 6 with a nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture (mixed according to a volume ratio of nitric acid: perchloric acid of 9:1), add 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid to reduce the hexavalent selenium in the samples of Examples 1 to 6 to tetravalent selenium. Use potassium borohydride as a reducing agent to reduce the tetravalent selenium to hydrogen selenide, which is carried into the atomizer by the carrier gas (argon) for atomization. Under the irradiation of the selenium hollow cathode lamp, the ground-state selenium atoms are excited to the high-energy state, and when deactivating back to the ground state, they emit fluorescence with a characteristic wavelength, and the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the selenium content. Compare and quantify with the standard series. Among them, the negative high voltage in the atomizer is 340 V, the lamp current is 100 mA, the atomization temperature is 800 °C, the auxiliary gas flow rate (Ar1) is 300 mL / min, and the carrier gas flow rate (Ar2) is 500 mL / min.

[0057] The selenium content is calculated according to the following formula: X = (p - p 0 ) × V / (1000m); where X is the selenium content in the sample, in mg / kg; p is the mass concentration of selenium in the sample solution, in μg / L; p 0ρ is the mass concentration of selenium in the blank solution, with the unit of μg / L; V is the total volume of the sample digestion solution, with the unit of mL; m is the sample mass, with the unit of g.

[0058] Experimental Example 2: Determination of Cellulose Content in Selenium-Rich Extracts Obtained in Examples 1 to 6

[0059] According to GB 5009.88-2023, determine the cellulose content in the Cardamine violifolia extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 6.

[0060] The selenium content values in the selenium-rich extracts obtained in Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1 as follows:

[0061] Table 1

[0062] Example Selenium content (mg / kg) Cellulose content (%) Example 1 1165 1.24 Example 2 653 1.02 Example 3 1258 3.55 Example 4 485 0.65 Example 5 1390 4.62 Example 6 1562 12.35

[0063] Experimental Example 3: Feed Feeding

[0064] Perform an abalone sea-bottom cage feeding and breeding experiment on the abalone feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 1. The experimental data are shown in Table 2. Among them, the determination method of selenium content in abalone foot muscle refers to the determination method of selenium content in the aforementioned selenium-rich extracts.

[0065] Table 2

[0066]

[0067] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that the selenium content in the abalone foot muscle fed with the selenium-rich feed of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the abalone fed with the abalone feed without selenium-rich extract; from the comparison of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 4 and Examples 3, 5, 6, it can be seen that since Cardamine violifolia is rich in cellulose and abalones have weak digestion ability for cellulose, as the cellulose content in the feed increases, the weight gain rate, feed conversion efficiency and protein efficiency of abalones will all decrease significantly. It can be seen from Table 2 that although the selenium content in the Cardamine violifolia extracts in Examples 3, 5, 6 is higher than that in Example 1, due to the decrease in feed conversion efficiency, etc., the selenium content in the abalone foot muscle fed by them is not higher than that in Example 1, and the average shell length and average wet weight of the abalones fed by them also decreased significantly.

[0068] After considering the specification and the practice disclosed herein, those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention, which follow the general principles of the present invention and include the common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A selenium-rich feed, which is abalone feed, characterized in that: The selenium-rich feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-5 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 15-25 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of kelp powder and 5-15 parts by weight of glucose; The selenium-rich extract is selected from Cardamine violaceum extract; The Cardamine violacea extract is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: providing Cardamine violaceum coarse powder, further crushing and sieving the Cardamine violaceum coarse powder to obtain Cardamine violaceum fine powder; in step 1, the Cardamine violaceum coarse powder is crushed and then sieved through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the Cardamine violaceum fine powder; Step 2: placing the Cardamine violacea powder in a hot water bath at 60° C., adding cellulase and reacting for 45 minutes, then filtering to retain a solid product; Step 3: washing and drying the solid product obtained in step 2 to obtain the Cardamine violata extract; In step 2, based on the total mass of the Cardamine violacea powder, the mass percentage of the cellulase is 2%.

2. The selenium-rich feed according to claim 1, characterized in that It also contains the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts by weight of yeast, 5-15 parts by weight of soybean meal and 15-35 parts by weight of wheat flour.

3. The selenium-rich feed according to claim 1, characterized in that It also contains the following components in parts by weight: 15-45 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 5-15 parts by weight of Spirulina powder.

4. The selenium-rich feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that Contains the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts by weight of selenium-rich extract, 17-22 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-25 parts by weight of kelp powder, 5-10 parts by weight of glucose, 3-5 parts by weight of yeast, 10-15 parts by weight of soybean meal, 25-30 parts by weight of wheat flour, 30-35 parts by weight of Sargassum powder and 10-15 parts by weight of spirulina powder.

5. A method for cultivating selenium-enriched abalone, characterized in that: The method comprises feeding abalone with the selenium-enriched feed described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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