Special launching structure for large ocean floating body and launching method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a special launching structure for a large ocean floating body and a launching method thereof, and relates to the field of ship and ocean engineering construction, the special launching structure comprises a launching structure main cabin, the launching structure main cabin comprises a transverse cabin body and a longitudinal cabin body, and the transverse cabin body is connected to the longitudinal cabin body; the transverse cabin body is divided into a plurality of ballast tanks through transverse compartments, the longitudinal cabin body is divided into a plurality of ballast tanks through longitudinal compartments, each ballast tank is provided with a ventilation valve and a sea valve, and reinforcing assemblies are arranged at the connecting positions of the peripheries of the ballast tanks; and the launching structure main cabin is switched between a diving state and a floating state by controlling switches of the ventilation valve and the sea valve. The ventilation valve and the sea valve are remotely controlled to float and sink, safety is high, configuration is simple, investment and manufacturing cost are low, and the T-shaped structure is wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ship and marine engineering construction, and in particular to a special launching structure for a large marine floating body and a launching method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, ships and marine engineering products are becoming increasingly larger. The length of common merchant ships can reach or exceed 400 meters, the width is greater than 60 meters, and the length and width of marine engineering structure products are close to 100 meters.

[0003] Conventional large ships and marine engineering products are usually launched by building them in a dock, and after the dock door is opened, the target product automatically floats up and is launched; or they are built on land and launched by a large crane, or transferred to a semi-submersible transport ship through a slide and a module car and then launched; or they are built on an inclined slipway and launched by sliding on an air bag or slide. There are also various other mechanized launching methods.

[0004] For large marine floating bodies, such as large offshore wind turbine foundations, the length and width are large, and the shape is mostly quadrilateral or triangular. The length and width requirements for traditional slipways, docks, and semi-submersible ships for launching are relatively high. Currently, the largest semi-submersible transport ship that can be used for launching the above-mentioned wind turbine foundations has a width of 70 meters (VANGUARD of the Dutch Bocaris Company), and the width of the semi-submersible transport ship is 68 meters (Xinguanghua); the current largest dock width in China is between 80-90 meters, and the largest dock width is 125 meters. For the construction of such floating bodies, a single floating body needs to occupy the entire dock, which has a great impact on shipbuilding resources. When using an inclined slipway to launch such floating bodies, due to the irregular shape, it is difficult to arrange the airbags. When using a slide, multiple slides need to be arranged, which is a waste of resources.

[0005] Therefore, for the special launching structure of large marine floating bodies, the more appropriate construction scheme is to build it on flat ground and then launch it into the water. Loading ships using slideways or module transporters is a relatively mature technology and is widely used in the industry, but it is difficult to match large ships.

[0006] The launching operation of such floating bodies can be achieved by using large semi-submersible transport ships, semi-submersible barges, or a combination of multiple ships. However, large ships are relatively expensive and need to be towed to deep waters before diving. The target floating body must then be towed to the dock for final maintenance. This requires not only a high ability to adjust the ballast balance of the combined launching ships, but also high requirements on the number of ships towing back and forth and the weather conditions during the launching operation. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a special launching structure for a large-scale marine floating body and a launching method thereof.

[0008] According to the present invention, a special launching structure for a large marine floating body comprises: a launching structure general cabin, the launching structure general cabin comprises a transverse cabin body and a longitudinal cabin body, the transverse cabin body is connected to the longitudinal cabin body; the transverse cabin body is divided into a plurality of ballast cabins by transverse bulkheads, and the longitudinal cabin body is divided into a plurality of ballast cabins by longitudinal bulkheads, each ballast cabin is provided with a vent valve and a sea valve, and the surrounding connections of the ballast cabins are respectively provided with reinforcement components; The air valve is located on the top deck of the ballast tank, and the sea valve is located on the bottom deck of the ballast tank. The launching structure main cabin switches between the submerged state and the floating state by controlling the opening and closing of the air valve and the sea valve.

[0009] Preferably, when the main cabin of the launching structure is in a submerged state, the vent valve and the sea valve are opened, water is filled into the ballast tank and air is exhausted, so that the main cabin of the launching structure sinks below the waterline, and the vent valve and the sea valve are closed; When the main cabin of the launching structure is in a floating state, open the vent valve, open the sea valve in reverse, pressurize the compressed air into the ballast tank through the vent valve, and the ballast tank discharges the water inside the cabin in reverse through the sea valve until the main cabin of the launching structure is above the waterline, and then close the vent valve and the sea valve.

[0010] Preferably, the difference between the displacement of the launching structure's main cabin in a floating state and in a submerged state is greater than the weight of the target large ocean buoy.

[0011] Preferably, the electrical components of the air vent and the sea valve are respectively installed on the top and bottom decks of the launching structure cabin using components with waterproof function.

[0012] Preferably, the reinforcement assembly includes an arc plate and reinforcement ribs, the arc plate is welded to the surrounding joints of the inner wall of each ballast tank, a plurality of reinforcement ribs are connected in a staggered manner horizontally and vertically, and the outer surfaces of the arc plate and the reinforcement ribs are respectively sprayed with a waterproof and anti-corrosion coating; One end of the reinforcing rib is connected to the inner wall of the ballast tank, and the other end of the reinforcing rib is connected to the arc plate; and / or both ends of the reinforcing rib are respectively connected to the inner wall of the ballast tank; and / or both ends of the reinforcing rib are respectively connected to the arc plate.

[0013] Preferably, the shapes of the launching structure main cabin include T-shape, π-shape and I-shape.

[0014] Preferably, the main cabin of the launching structure is formed by metal welding.

[0015] The present invention also provides a launching method using a special launching structure for a large-scale ocean floating body, and the specific operating steps are as follows: S1. Anchor the launching structure cabin at the dock and adjust the water level of each ballast tank so that the upper deck surface of the launching structure cabin is flush with the shore; S2. The target large ocean floating body is transported to the launching structure main cabin. During this process, the launching structure main cabin adjusts the water intake through the sea valve and adjusts the air vent valve to maintain the balance of the launching structure main cabin; S3. The inner cavity of the launching structure main cabin is filled with water through the sea valve until it is completely submerged below the waterline, so that the target large ocean floating body floats autonomously; S4. After the target large ocean floating body is separated from the top of the launching structure cabin, the vent valve is opened to pressurize compressed air, and the sea valve is opened to reversely drain water, so that the launching structure cabin floats up; S5. Repeat the action in a cycle to launch multiple large-scale ocean floating bodies.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The launching structure of the present invention can be designed in accordance with the size of the target large-scale marine floating body, and has a wide range of applications, and can be applied to large-scale wind turbine foundations of various models and sizes; the overall structure is reasonable, the configuration is simple, the shore power supply and air source are used, and the remote control valve is adopted. There is no need to install complex electrical equipment on the launching structure, thereby reducing the frequency and cost of maintenance operations; (2) The present invention is made of metal welding, with low investment cost. The structural design and use environment is relatively mild, and there is no need to consider high-level sea conditions. Therefore, the structure has a light weight and the investment cost is lower than that of a semi-submersible vessel. The floating and sinking states are switched by a vent valve and a sea valve, with low safety risks. Personnel are operated on shore, and no operator is required on the platform during the launching process, which reduces safety risks. (3) The overall cost of the present invention is low, and there is no need to call for large semi-submersible barges or semi-submersible transport ships. There is no need for tugboat assistance, and the operation can be completed at the dock or harbor using the dock's mooring facilities. It has low resource dependence and does not need to be towed to deep water areas, which reduces dependence on resources. The operation window is large, and the launching operation can be completed near the shore. It is less affected by wind speed and waves, and the time window for operation is larger. (4) The present invention uses waterproof components to isolate the electrical components of the valve body, effectively strengthening the protection of the valve body, ensuring the sealing and safety of the overall structure, and improving the precision and work efficiency of the valve body opening and closing; the reinforcing ribs can effectively improve the firmness of the connection between the main cabin of the launching structure, and at the same time, with the use of the arc plate, the compressive connection performance between the main cabin body and the arc plate can be effectively improved, ensuring the stability of the main cabin of the launching structure, improving the pressure bearing capacity, and extending the service life of the overall structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the reinforcement assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of moving the target large-scale ocean floating body to the general cabin of the launching structure in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the target large-scale ocean floating body in the present invention being placed in the main cabin of the launching structure.

[0018] The figure shows: the launching structure main cabin 1, the target large ocean floating body 2, the longitudinal bulkhead 11, the transverse bulkhead 12, the left rear ballast tank 13, the right rear ballast tank 14, the middle ballast tank 15, the front ballast tank 16, the reinforcement component 4, the arc plate 41, and the reinforcement rib 42. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0020] According to the invention, a large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure is provided. Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a launching structure cabin 1, which is made of metal welding. The shape of the launching structure cabin 1 includes but is not limited to T-type, π-type and I-type, which saves materials and adapts to the shape of the cargo. The difference between the displacement of the launching structure cabin 1 in the floating state and the displacement in the submerged state is greater than the weight of the target large ocean floating body 2. The launching structure cabin 1 includes a transverse cabin and a longitudinal cabin, and the transverse cabin is connected to the longitudinal cabin; the transverse cabin is divided into a plurality of ballast tanks by a transverse bulkhead 12, and the longitudinal cabin is divided into a plurality of ballast tanks by a longitudinal bulkhead 11. The sizes of the plurality of ballast tanks are the same or different. The specific number of ballast tanks refers to the loading method and rate of the target cargo. Each ballast tank is provided with a breathable valve 17 and a sea valve 18 with a waterproof function. The breathable valve 17 is located on the top deck of the ballast tank, and the sea valve 18 is located on the bottom deck of the ballast tank. The breathable valve 17 and the sea valve 18 are mainly considered to be able to fully exhaust and drain, so they are mainly considered to be arranged at the diagonal position of each cabin. The electrical components of the vent valve 17 and the sea valve 18 are respectively installed on the top and bottom decks of the launching structure cabin 1 using components with waterproof function. And the surrounding joints of the ballast tank are respectively provided with reinforcement components 4.

[0021] The launching structure cabin 1 switches between the submerged state and the floating state by controlling the opening and closing of the breathable valve 17 and the sea valve 18. When the launching structure cabin 1 is in the submerged state, the breathable valve 17 and the sea valve 18 are opened, the ballast tank is filled with water and the air is discharged, so that the launching structure cabin 1 sinks below the waterline, and the breathable valve 17 and the sea valve 18 are closed. When the launching structure cabin 1 is in the floating state, the breathable valve 17 is opened, and the sea valve 18 is opened in the reverse direction, and the ballast tank is pressed into compressed air through the breathable valve 17, and the ballast tank is reversely discharged through the sea valve 18 until the launching structure cabin 1 floats above the waterline, and the breathable valve 17 and the sea valve 18 are closed.

[0022] Working principle: During use, the opening and closing functions of the vent valve 17 and the sea valve 18 are checked one by one, and their tightness is tested to ensure watertightness; by opening the top vent valve 17 and the bottom sea valve 18 at the same time, it is convenient for water to enter the ballast tank through the sea valve 18, so that the launching structure main cabin 1 sinks, and after sinking to the specified depth, the top vent valve 17 is closed. If the water inflow of individual ballast tanks is too much, when the top vent valve 17 is closed and the sea valve 18 is opened, compressed air is injected into the target cabin through the pipeline, and when the compressed air pressure is greater than the water pressure of the bottom sea valve 18, the water will be discharged from the bottom sea valve 18, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the water inflow and adjusting the balance posture of the cabin and the floating body.

[0023] In the process of gradually transferring the weight of the target large ocean buoy 2 to the launching structure cabin 1, compressed air is pumped into the ballast tank compartment step by step, and the water in the cabin is discharged by compressed air. The weight of the discharged water is equivalent to the weight of the target large ocean buoy 2 borne above this cabin, so as to keep the overall draft of the launching structure cabin 1 unchanged and ensure the smooth progress of the loading process.

[0024] When the center of gravity of the cargo carried by the launching structure cabin 1 (or the center of gravity of part of the cargo) exceeds the buoyancy center of the launching structure cabin 1, the ballast tanks before the buoyancy center must be depressurized and drained, and the vent valve 17 of the ballast tanks behind the buoyancy center must be opened to fill water to prevent the rear part of the launching structure cabin 1 from tilting. After the entire weight of the target large ocean floating body 2 is transferred to the floating body, all vent valves 17 and sea valves 18 are closed to ensure the stability of the target large ocean floating body 2 and the launching structure cabin 1.

[0025] When performing the dive separation operation, open the sea valves 18 one by one until all cabins have open sea valves 18, and by opening the vent valves 17 step by step, water is gradually introduced into the cabin until the target large ocean floating body 2 floats autonomously. Use auxiliary tools to tow away the target large ocean floating body 2. Close all the vent valves 17 of the launching structure cabin 1, and gradually inject compressed air into each cabin to gradually discharge water from each ballast tank cabin of the launching structure cabin 1, so that the launching structure cabin 1 floats. Repeat the above operation to launch multiple target large ocean floating bodies 2. Example 2

[0026] This embodiment 2 is completed on the basis of embodiment 1, mainly to further explain the shape of the launching structure main cabin 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, specifically: The launching structure general cabin 1 is T-shaped. The launching structure general cabin 1 includes a transverse cabin body and a longitudinal cabin body. The longitudinal cabin body is vertically connected to the middle position of the transverse cabin body. The longitudinal cabin body is divided into a left rear ballast tank 13 and a right rear ballast tank 14 by a longitudinal bulkhead 11. The transverse cabin body is divided into a middle ballast tank 15 and a front ballast tank 16 by a transverse bulkhead 12, and the middle ballast tank 15 is vertically connected to the sides of the left rear ballast tank 13 and the right rear ballast tank 14.

[0027] The top decks of the left rear ballast tank 13, the right rear ballast tank 14, the middle ballast tank 15 and the front ballast tank 16 are all provided with air valves 17, and the bottom decks of the left rear ballast tank 13, the right rear ballast tank 14, the middle ballast tank 15 and the front ballast tank 16 are all provided with sea valves 18. The launching structure main cabin 1 is switched between the diving state and the floating state by switching the air valves 17 and the sea valves 18.

[0028] When the launching structure cabin 11 is in the submerged state, the vent valve 17 and the sea valve 18 are opened, and the left rear ballast tank 13, the right rear ballast tank 14, the middle ballast tank 15 and the front ballast tank 16 are filled with water and the air is discharged, so that the launching structure cabin 1 sinks below the waterline. When the launching structure cabin 1 is in the floating state, compressed air is pressed into the vent valve 17, and the sea valve 18 reversely discharges the water inside the cabin until the launching structure cabin 1 floats above the waterline.

[0029] More specifically, the launching structure in the present embodiment has a wide range of applications and a targeted design, and can be applied to large-scale wind turbine foundations of various models and sizes; the investment cost is low, the structural design and use environment is relatively mild, and there is no need to consider high-level sea conditions. Therefore, the structure has a light weight and the investment cost is lower than that of a semi-submersible vessel; the configuration is simple, using the power supply and gas source on the shore and remote control valves, and there is no need to install complex electrical equipment on the launching structure, thereby reducing the frequency and cost of maintenance operations; the safety risk is low, and personnel operate on shore. No operating personnel are required on the platform during the launching process, thereby reducing the safety risk; the overall cost is low, and there is no need to call on large semi-submersible barges or semi-submersible transport ships and other vessels; there is no need for tugboat assistance, and the operation can be completed at the dock or harbor using the dock's mooring facilities; the resource dependence is small, and there is no need to tow to deep water areas, thereby reducing the dependence on resources; the operation window is large, and the launching operation can be completed near the shore, and it is less affected by wind speed and waves, allowing a larger time window for operation. Example 3

[0030] This embodiment 3 is completed on the basis of embodiment 1, mainly to further explain the strengthening component 4, such as Figure 2 As shown, specifically: The reinforcement assembly 4 includes an arc plate 41 and a reinforcement rib 42. The arc plate 41 is welded to the surrounding joints of each ballast tank inner wall. A plurality of reinforcement ribs 42 are connected in a horizontal and vertical staggered manner. The horizontal and vertical staggered connection method can effectively enhance the compression resistance and structural stability of the reinforcement rib 42, improve the firmness of the overall structure, and extend the service life. One end of the reinforcement rib 42 is connected to the inner wall of the ballast tank, and the other end of the reinforcement rib 42 is connected to the arc plate 41; and / or the two ends of the reinforcement rib 42 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the ballast tank; and / or the two ends of the reinforcement rib 42 are respectively connected to the arc plate 41. The outer surfaces of the arc plate 41 and the reinforcement rib 42 are sprayed with waterproof and anti-corrosion coatings, which effectively improve the waterproofness and anti-corrosion performance, and have a wide range of applications. Example 4

[0031] The present invention also provides a launching method using the launching structure dedicated to large-scale marine floating bodies in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 or Embodiment 3, such as Figure 3-4 The specific steps are as follows: S1. Anchor the longitudinal cabin of the launching structure cabin 1 at the dock, and adjust the water level of each ballast tank (the water level of the left rear ballast tank 13, the right rear ballast tank 14, the middle ballast tank 15 and the front ballast tank 16) so that the upper deck surface of the launching structure cabin 1 is flush with the shore side; S2. Use a slideway or a module transporter to transport the target large ocean buoy 2 to the launching structure cabin 1. During this process, each ballast tank in the launching structure cabin 1 adjusts the water intake through the corresponding sea valve 18, and adjusts the corresponding air valve 17 to maintain the balance of the launching structure cabin 1. S3, each ballast tank opens the corresponding sea valve 18 to fill the ballast tank with water until the launching structure cabin 1 is completely submerged below the waterline, so that the target large ocean floating body 2 can float autonomously; S4, using auxiliary tools to tow away the target large ocean floating body 2, after the target large ocean floating body 2 is separated from the top of the launching structure cabin 1, the vent valve 17 is opened to pressurize compressed air, and the sea valve 18 is opened to reversely drain water, so that the launching structure cabin 1 floats up; S5, the actions are repeated in a cycle to launch multiple large ocean floating bodies 2.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0033] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A special launching structure for a large marine floating body, characterized in that: include: A launching structure general cabin (1), the launching structure general cabin (1) comprising a transverse cabin body and a longitudinal cabin body, the transverse cabin body being connected to the longitudinal cabin body; the transverse cabin body being divided into a plurality of ballast cabins by transverse bulkheads (12), the longitudinal cabin body being divided into a plurality of ballast cabins by longitudinal bulkheads (11), each of the ballast cabins being provided with a vent valve (17) and a sea valve (18), and the ballast cabins being provided with reinforcing components (4) at the four connecting parts thereof; The vent valve (17) is located on the top deck of the ballast tank, and the sea valve (18) is located on the bottom deck of the ballast tank. The launching structure main cabin (1) switches between a submerged state and a buoyant state by controlling the opening and closing of the vent valve (17) and the sea valve (18).

2. The large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the launching structure main cabin (1) is in a submerged state, the vent valve (17) and the sea valve (18) are opened, water is filled into the ballast tank and air is exhausted, so that the launching structure main cabin (1) sinks below the waterline, and the vent valve (17) and the sea valve (18) are closed; When the launching structure main cabin (1) is in a floating state, the vent valve (17) is opened, and the sea valve (18) is opened in the opposite direction, compressed air is introduced into the ballast tank through the vent valve (17), and the ballast tank discharges water inside the cabin in the opposite direction through the sea valve (18) until the launching structure main cabin (1) floats above the waterline, and then the vent valve (17) and the sea valve (18) are closed.

3. The large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The difference between the displacement of the launching structure main cabin (1) in a floating state and the displacement in a submerged state is greater than the weight of the target large ocean floating body (2).

4. The large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrical components of the vent valve (17) and the sea valve (18) are respectively installed on the top and bottom decks of the launching structure cabin (1) using components with waterproof function.

5. The large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The reinforcing assembly (4) comprises an arc-shaped plate (41) and reinforcing ribs (42), the arc-shaped plate (41) being welded to the connecting parts around the inner wall of each ballast tank, a plurality of reinforcing ribs (42) being connected in a staggered manner in a horizontal and vertical manner, and the outer surfaces of the arc-shaped plate (41) and the reinforcing ribs (42) are respectively sprayed with a waterproof and anti-corrosion coating; One end of the reinforcing rib (42) is connected to the inner wall of the ballast tank, and the other end of the reinforcing rib (42) is connected to the arc-shaped plate (41); and / or both ends of the reinforcing rib (42) are respectively connected to the inner wall of the ballast tank; and / or both ends of the reinforcing rib (42) are respectively connected to the arc-shaped plate (41).

6. The large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shapes of the launching structure main cabin (1) include T-shaped, π-shaped and I-shaped.

7. The large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The launching structure main cabin (1) is made of metal welding.

8. A launching method using the large-scale marine floating body dedicated launching structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Anchoring the launching structure main cabin (1) at the dock, and adjusting the water level of each ballast tank so that the upper deck surface of the launching structure main cabin (1) is flush with the shore; S2, transporting the target large ocean floating body (2) to the launching structure main cabin (1), during which the launching structure main cabin (1) adjusts the water intake through the sea valve (18) and simultaneously adjusts the air vent valve (17) to maintain the balance of the launching structure main cabin (1); S3, the inner cavity of the launching structure main cabin (1) is filled with water through the sea valve (18) until it is completely submerged below the waterline, so that the target large ocean floating body (2) floats autonomously; S4, after the target large ocean floating body (2) is separated from the top of the launching structure main cabin (1), the air vent valve (17) is opened to pressurize compressed air, and the sea valve (18) is opened to reversely drain water, so that the launching structure main cabin (1) floats up; S5, the operation is repeated in a cycle to launch a plurality of the target large ocean floating bodies (2).

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