Combined ecological floating bed and method for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological floating beds, and discloses a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, which comprises a floating bed skeleton frame, floating balls with adjustable buoyancy are mounted at four corners of the floating bed skeleton frame through ropes, and a grid frame is fixedly connected in the floating bed skeleton frame. A plurality of filler baskets are mounted in the floating bed framework frame through a grid frame. According to the combined ecological floating bed for treating the acidic heavy metal wastewater, through strict division of phycomycete and plant function modules, the efficiency of each function module can be explored in blocks, an exploration approach is provided for field implementation, and through division of chessboard grids by the phycomycete modules, the floating range of algae is limited through three-dimensional elastic brush fillers, and the utilization rate of the phycomycete modules is improved. Interference of external factors such as weather is reduced, algae in the floating bed are evenly distributed, plants are located on the periphery of the algae and can enter the light soil of the plant planting bottle through algae diffusion, nutrients are provided for plant growth soil, and meanwhile additional cost of plant nutrient soil and the like is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological floating beds, in particular to a combined ecological floating bed and a method for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater. Background Art

[0002] Although acidic heavy metal wastewater is an oligotrophic water body, it still has rich microbial activity and can promote natural purification of the water body; although the process of natural restoration is very slow, it provides the possibility of biological restoration. Therefore, the demand for restoration devices that can treat acidic heavy metal wastewater for a long time is imminent, but there are very few devices on the market that can be used for the restoration of acidic heavy metal wastewater; ecological floating beds are one of the mainstream devices for river treatment.

[0003] The Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN216273346U discloses an ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, including a floating bed structure module and a floating bed plant working module, a bacteria working module and an algae working module arranged in the floating bed structure module; the algae working module includes an algae light-transmitting plate (made of PMMA material), an algae suspension (containing acid-resistant, heavy metal-enriched algae), and a polyester filter cloth. The design of the algae light-transmitting plate allows the algae to effectively use sunlight for photosynthesis, and the algae suspension is contained by the polyester filter cloth to maintain the aggregation of the algae and promote material exchange; the plant working module includes a nutrient filler, which contains acid-resistant, heavy metal-enriched floating bed plants (such as calamus), and the nutrient filler contains slow-release biomass rich in carbon and nitrogen elements and lightweight ceramsite fillers to adapt to the water quality characteristics of acidic heavy metal wastewater and continuously supply the nutrients required by the plants; the bacteria working module includes an attached filler and a nutrient filler, the outer filler is suitable for aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria, and the inner filler is suitable for anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria.

[0004] The above-mentioned ecological floating bed has certain defects in actual use. For example, the algae suspension is contained by the polyester filter cloth, making it difficult to produce a diffusion effect. In addition, the algae modules are not partitioned and are easily affected by interference factors such as weather, resulting in uneven water quality and unbalanced dissolved oxygen in the floating bed, which affects the growth of bacteria in the lower layer. The large amount of small-pore materials used can easily cause blockage, resulting in partial function loss of the floating bed, making it difficult to form an anaerobic environment in the anaerobic zone, and easily causing the death of anaerobic bacteria. Various functional areas use a variety of materials, and it is difficult to replace structures such as fillers. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a combined ecological floating bed and method for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater. By strictly dividing the algae, fungi and plant functional modules, the effectiveness of each functional module can be explored in blocks, providing an exploration path for on-site implementation, and the algae and fungi modules are divided into chessboard grids, and the floating range of algae is limited by three-dimensional elastic brush fillers to reduce interference from external factors such as weather, so that the algae in the floating bed are evenly distributed, and the plants are located outside the algae. Through the diffusion of algae, they can enter the lightweight soil of the plant planting bottle to provide nutrients for the plant growth soil, while reducing the additional costs of plant nutrient soil, etc., and solving the problem that the existing ecological floating bed is stacked in order to couple the plant, algae and fungi modules, which easily causes functional conflicts between the modules, causes nutrient competition, and cannot exert maximum efficiency.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, comprising a floating bed skeleton frame, four corners of the floating bed skeleton frame are all installed with floating balls with adjustable buoyancy through ropes, the interior of the floating bed skeleton frame is fixedly connected with a grid frame, and the interior of the floating bed skeleton frame is installed with a plurality of filling baskets through the grid frame, and the tops of the plurality of filling baskets are provided with basket top net seals;

[0009] The interiors of several filling baskets are filled with biomass fillers, several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers are installed inside the floating bed skeleton frame by pulling wires, and the several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers are all located above the basket top net seal, and a ring-shaped plant planting area and a support rod frame are arranged on the top of the floating bed skeleton frame, and a dissolved oxygen instrument body, a pH instrument body, a propeller controller, a main body control computer, a signal transmission module, and an adding component for adding a composite bacterial agent to the center of the floating bed skeleton frame are respectively arranged on the support rod frame.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of large-diameter flow holes are provided at the bottom of the filling basket, a raised edge is provided at the top of the filling basket, and the filling basket is supported on the grid frame through the raised edge, and is supported by the grid-shaped bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame, handles are installed on both sides of the top of the raised edge, and the basket top mesh seal covers the top of the filling basket.

[0011] Preferably, the inner and outer sides of the plant planting area are respectively provided with a plurality of pitch openings and flow holes, and ropes in a chessboard grid are arranged between the plurality of pitch openings, and a plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers are respectively installed on the cross nodes of the ropes.

[0012] Preferably, a four-way propeller is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame and is controlled by a propeller controller. The four-way propeller is used to drive the floating bed skeleton frame in the water to move forward, backward, left and right.

[0013] Preferably, the detection probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body and the pH instrument body extend to the interior of the floating bed skeleton frame through connecting rods, and the exteriors of the dissolved oxygen instrument body, the pH instrument body, the propeller controller, and the main control computer are all provided with waterproof sealing boxes, and the top of the sealing box can be opened, and a component for solar power supply is installed on the support rod frame.

[0014] Preferably, the adding component includes a material taking barrel installed on the top of the support rod frame and a bacterial agent box for storing the composite bacterial agent, and the interior of the material taking barrel is provided with an adding component for extracting the composite bacterial agent inside the bacterial agent box and discharging it into the floating bed skeleton frame.

[0015] Preferably, the adding component comprises a protective cylinder fixed to the top of the material taking cylinder and a piston block slidably connected to the inside of the material taking cylinder, an electric telescopic rod for driving the piston block up and down is fixedly connected to the inside of the protective cylinder, at least one opening is opened inside the piston block, and a one-way valve sheet is arranged in the opening, the top of the material taking cylinder is fixedly connected to a water collecting pipe, and one end of the water collecting pipe extends to the inside of the floating bed frame, a one-way valve is installed on the water collecting pipe, and the bottom of the material taking cylinder is fixedly connected to a plurality of adding pipes;

[0016] The bottom of the material taking barrel is fixedly connected with a sleeve, and the material pipe of the bacterial agent box is fixedly connected with the inside of the sleeve. The bottom of the piston block is fixedly connected with a piston column through a support, and the piston column contacts the inner surface of the sleeve through a sealing sleeve;

[0017] At least one surge assembly is installed on the outer surface of the floating bed skeleton frame, and the surge assembly includes an L-shaped frame fixed to the outer surface of the floating bed skeleton frame, and the L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame is located directly below the floating bed skeleton frame, the L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame is hinged with a first valve plate that can only be flipped outward, a water inlet is opened in the middle of the L-shaped frame, and a second valve plate that can only be flipped inward is hinged inside the water inlet, the inside of the L-shaped frame is slidably connected to a piston plate, the top of the piston plate is fixedly connected to an L-shaped transmission frame, and an electric reciprocating member for driving the L-shaped transmission frame up and down is installed on the floating bed skeleton frame.

[0018] A wastewater treatment method using a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1. The biomass filler which has been soaked in water in advance and has had bubbles discharged is filled into a plurality of filler baskets in a circular shape, and then the filler baskets filled with the biomass filler are arranged in a rectangular array according to a grid frame, and supported by the grid frame and the bottom of the floating bed frame in a well-shaped manner;

[0020] Then, a plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers are installed inside the floating bed frame by hanging, and the plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers are arranged in a chessboard grid manner;

[0021] Finally, several plant pots with plants are placed inside the plant planting area, and the buoyancy of the four floats is adjusted so that the floating bed frame is immersed in the water, the top of the floating bed frame protrudes 2-3cm above the water surface, and the plant pots are submerged 5cm in the water, thus completing the wastewater acid heavy metal treatment work;

[0022] S2. By setting the positions of algae, bacteria and plants in step S1, the upper area inside the floating bed skeleton frame is an aerobic bacteria and algae area, where the algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, generate alkalinity and increase pH, and provide carbon sources for other aerobic microorganisms after death and sedimentation;

[0023] By arranging plant planting areas around the outside of the floating bed frame, the super-accumulator plants in the plant planting area will enrich heavy metals. At the same time, the organic matter produced by the plants will flow into the floating bed to enhance the metabolism and reproduction of algae and bacteria, thereby improving the water quality of the floating bed area;

[0024] S3. In the first implementation, an external carbon source is added to make the natives in the inner chessboard grid area produce alkali. After the microalgae grow rapidly, the addition of the carbon source can be stopped;

[0025] The dead algae and their metabolites are decomposed by the aerobic biofilm on the three-dimensional elastic brush filler, which provides carbon sources and other nutrients for the growth of the algae, thus forming a carbon recycling in the upper area of ​​the floating bed.

[0026] The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water body drops significantly after passing through the biomass filler layer from top to bottom, thus providing a suitable anaerobic environment for alkali-producing microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in the lower layer. The alkalinity produced by the alkali-producing microorganisms can neutralize the acidity of the water body inside the floating bed, thereby improving the microenvironment for the growth of microbial flora, thus forming a virtuous cycle; in addition, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions, chelate heavy metals, and fix them; thus, the indigenous microalgae inside the ecological floating bed are combined with aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria with heavy metal and low pH tolerance, producing algae-bacteria synergy, producing alkali while strengthening heavy metal fixation;

[0027] S4, real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH changes inside and outside the upper layer of the floating bed through the probe of the dissolved oxygen instrument body and the probe of the pH instrument body;

[0028] When the pH concentration is greater than 6.0 and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 15 mg / L, the main control computer automatically controls the release of the additive components, introduces the composite bacterial agent, and strengthens the removal of Mn metal;

[0029] When the pH concentration is greater than 8.0, a mobile signal is triggered to the staff;

[0030] When the Mn concentration is lower than the preset concentration, the staff can give a signal to move the floating bed area and proceed to the next area for treatment.

[0031] (III) Beneficial effects

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The present invention strictly divides the algae, fungi and plant functional modules, and can explore the effectiveness of each functional module in blocks, providing an exploration path for on-site implementation. In addition, the algae and fungi modules are divided into chessboard grids, and the floating range of algae is limited by three-dimensional elastic brush fillers to reduce interference from external factors such as weather, so that the algae in the floating bed are evenly distributed, and the plants are located on the periphery of the algae. Through the diffusion of algae, they can enter the lightweight soil of the plant planting bottle to provide nutrients for the plant growth soil, while reducing additional costs such as plant nutrient soil. The floating bed has the advantages of simple structure, simple maintenance, clear functional division, enhanced coupling of multiple functions, low cost, etc., which can significantly reduce interference factors in on-site implementation, meet the needs, and has huge prospects in the environmental protection industry.

[0034] 2. The present invention can not only perform water source suction work through the water collecting pipe through the downward movement of the piston block, but also drive the piston column to take materials downward. Through the upward resetting of the piston block, not only can the taken-out composite bacterial agent raw material be moved to the inside of the material taking barrel through the piston column, but also the water source sucked from above can be squeezed so that the water source enters the bottom of the piston block through the opening and the built-in one-way valve plate, so that the sucked water source flushes the composite bacterial agent and is dispersed and exported to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame through a plurality of addition pipes, thereby forming a composite bacterial agent addition work. The present invention not only has a good composite bacterial agent addition work, but also can disperse the composite bacterial agent, thereby further improving the composite bacterial agent addition effect.

[0035] 3. The present invention drives the L-shaped transmission frame to move up and down through the electric reciprocating member. The upward movement of the L-shaped transmission frame can drive the piston plate to move upward synchronously, so that the water inlet can be absorbed. The water source driving force can drive the second valve plate to flip inward, so that the external water source can quickly enter the interior of the L-shaped frame. The L-shaped transmission frame drives the piston plate to move downward, so that the sucked water source can be squeezed, so that the water source is exported through the L-shaped outlet position of the L-shaped frame, so that the water source below the floating bed skeleton frame surges, thereby increasing the contact strength and contact range between the water source and the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame, thereby improving its water treatment performance, and solving the problem that the water source below the floating bed in the prior art is in a static state, so that the static water source cannot fully contact the water treatment components below the floating bed, affecting its water treatment efficiency and effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Bottom view of the structure;

[0038] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle floating bed skeleton frame;

[0039] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structural disassembly of the middle floating bed skeleton frame;

[0040] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A top view of the structure of the middle floating bed skeleton frame;

[0041] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation of several filling baskets;

[0042] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle support rod frame;

[0043] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Add components to the structure diagram;

[0044] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Add a cross-sectional diagram of the components in;

[0045] Fig.10 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle surge component;

[0046] Fig.11 For the present invention Fig.10 Schematic cross-section of the mid-surge assembly.

[0047] In the figure: 1, floating bed frame; 2, floating ball; 3, grid frame; 4, stuffing basket; 5, basket top net seal; 6, three-dimensional elastic brush stuffing; 61, tooth pitch; 62, rope;

[0048] 7. Plant planting area;

[0049] 8. Support rod frame; 81. Dissolved oxygen instrument body; 82. pH instrument body; 83. Propeller controller; 84. Main body control computer; 85. Signal transmission module; 86. Connecting rod;

[0050] 9. Four-way propeller;

[0051] 10. Adding assembly; 101. Material taking barrel; 102. Bacteria agent box; 103. Protective barrel; 104. Piston block; 105. Electric telescopic rod; 106. One-way valve plate; 107. Water collecting pipe; 108. Adding pipe; 109. Sleeve; 1010. Piston column;

[0052] 11. surge assembly; 111. L-shaped frame; 112. first valve plate; 113. second valve plate; 114. piston plate; 115. L-shaped transmission frame; 116. electric reciprocating member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] Embodiment 1:

[0055] See attached Figure 1-11 A combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater comprises a floating bed skeleton frame 1, four corners of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 are equipped with floating balls 2 with adjustable buoyancy through ropes, the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 is in a well grid shape, a grid frame 3 is fixedly connected to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame 1, and a plurality of filling baskets 4 are installed inside the floating bed skeleton frame 1 through the grid frame 3, and a basket top net seal 5 is arranged on the top of the plurality of filling baskets 4;

[0056] The biomass filler includes straw filler, which is filled in the inner circle of the filler basket 4 with straw filler, with a thickness of 1-2 cm, to form an aerobic outer layer, a facultative anaerobic middle layer, and an anaerobic inner layer. The straw filler is a long straw mat woven from straw, which is wrapped layer by layer in a circle shape;

[0057] The filler baskets 4 are placed in the areas divided by the floating bed frame 2, and a basket top mesh seal 5 is placed on the top of the filler baskets 4 to separate the aerobic / anaerobic areas. The grid frame 3 is set to divide and support the filler baskets 4;

[0058] The interiors of several filler baskets 4 are filled with biomass fillers, and several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 are installed inside the floating bed skeleton frame 1 by pulling wires, and the several three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 are all located above the basket top net seal 5. The top of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 is provided with a ring-shaped plant planting area 7 and a support rod frame 8, and the support rod frame 8 is respectively provided with a dissolved oxygen instrument body 81, a pH instrument body 82, a propeller controller 83, a main control computer 84, a signal transmission module 85, and an adding component 10 for adding a composite bacterial agent to the center of the floating bed skeleton frame 1;

[0059] The upper area inside the floating bed skeleton frame 1 is an aerobic bacteria and algae area, where algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, produce alkalinity and increase pH, and provide carbon sources for other aerobic microorganisms after death and sedimentation; the lower area inside the floating bed skeleton frame 1 is an anaerobic filler area, which carries biofilm; from the outside to the inside of the anaerobic filler area, the dissolved oxygen concentration will show a gradual decreasing trend, and the inner anaerobic environment is where anaerobic alkali-producing bacteria such as SRB metabolize and grow, thereby strengthening acid water treatment; at the same time, aerobic microorganisms in the upper area consume oxygen from algae metabolism, fix heavy metals, and reduce the impact of a large amount of dissolved oxygen produced by algae in the upper area on the inner anaerobic environment of the lower anaerobic filler area, so that the inner anaerobic microorganisms metabolize and produce alkali, thereby strengthening the fixation of heavy metals;

[0060] By arranging plant planting areas 7 around the outside of the floating bed frame 1, the super-enriched plants in the plant planting areas 7 enrich heavy metals, thereby improving the water quality of the floating bed area, and the withered leaves of plants in the plant planting areas 7 or the organic matter produced are introduced into the aerobic bacteria and algae area through water dissolution to enhance the growth of aerobic bacteria;

[0061] In the present invention, the structural framework is relatively simple, and the replacement of fillers and the like is more convenient. The algae module is divided into small areas by three-dimensional elastic fillers, taking into full account the characteristics of indigenous microalgae that like to stick to the wall, stabilizing the algae concentration in each area, greatly reducing the interference of external factors, and at the same time providing a good environment for aerobic bacteria, strengthening the synergistic effect of algae and bacteria. The bacterial module uses straw and is laid layer by layer, taking advantage of the characteristics of water bodies that are easy to produce secondary minerals, to create an anaerobic environment, meeting the needs of sulfate-reducing bacteria for the growth environment

[0062] By strictly dividing the algae, fungi and plant functional modules, the effectiveness of each functional module can be explored in blocks, providing an exploration path for on-site implementation. In addition, the algae and fungi modules are divided into chessboard grids, and the floating range of algae is limited by three-dimensional elastic brush fillers to reduce interference from external factors such as weather. The algae in the floating bed are evenly distributed, and the plants are located outside the algae. Through the diffusion of algae, they can enter the lightweight soil of the plant planting bottle, provide nutrients for the plant growth soil, and reduce additional costs such as plant nutrient soil. The floating bed has the advantages of simple structure, simple maintenance, clear functional division, enhanced coupling of multiple functions, and low cost. It can significantly reduce interference factors in on-site implementation, meet needs, and has huge prospects in the environmental protection industry.

[0063] See attached Figures 4 to 6 The bottom of the filling basket 4 is provided with a plurality of large-diameter flow holes, the top of the filling basket 4 is provided with a raised edge, and the filling basket 4 is supported on the grid frame 3 through the raised edge, and is supported by the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 in a well-shaped grid. Handles are installed on both sides of the top of the raised edge, and the basket top net seal 5 covers the top of the filling basket 4;

[0064] A raised edge is provided on the top of the filling basket 4, so that the filling basket 4 can be supported by the grid frame 3. The handle is provided to facilitate the staff to take and place the filling basket 4. The net seal 5 on the top of the basket is provided to separate the aerobic / anaerobic zones.

[0065] See attached Figure 1 and Figures 3 to 6 The inner and outer sides of the plant planting area 7 are respectively provided with a plurality of pitch openings 61 and flow holes, and a chessboard grid-shaped rope line 62 is arranged between the plurality of pitch openings 61, and a plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 are respectively installed on the cross nodes of the rope line 62;

[0066] The arrangement of a plurality of tooth pitch openings 61 not only facilitates the chessboard grid-like arrangement through the rope 62, thereby facilitating the subsequent installation of the three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6, but also satisfies the chessboard grid-like arrangement of different sizes, thereby satisfying the arrangement of the three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6 of different spacings. The three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6 is connected to the corresponding position of the capping grid of the lower filling basket at the grid node, and is arranged vertically to form algae partitions, providing algae attachment points, and can be attached to form biofilms;

[0067] The three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6 is made of carbon fiber material or polyethylene material.

[0068] See attached Figure 2 and Figure 7 A four-way propeller 9 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the floating bed frame 1 and is controlled by a propeller controller 83. The four-way propeller 9 is used to drive the floating bed frame 1 in the water to move forward, backward, left and right.

[0069] By controlling the four-way propeller 9 through the main control computer 84, the floating bed mechanism can be driven by the four-way propeller 9 to move in different directions, front, back, left, and right. A remote control mobile device can be added to meet the treatment of acidic heavy metal wastewater in different areas.

[0070] See attached Figure 7 The detection probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body 81 and the pH instrument body 82 are extended to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 through the connecting rod 86. The outsides of the dissolved oxygen instrument body 81, the pH instrument body 82, the propeller controller 83, and the main control computer 84 are all provided with waterproof sealing boxes, and the top of the sealing box can be opened. The support rod frame 8 is equipped with a solar power supply component;

[0071] The main control computer 84 controls the release of the bacterial agent in the additive component 10; the solar panels of the solar power supply component are fixed around the floating bed and store electrical energy in the battery. The main control computer 84 controls the start of the four-way propeller 9 to move the floating bed. The main control computer 84 transmits field data information through the signal transmission device.

[0072] See attached Figures 7 to 9 The adding component 10 includes a material taking barrel 101 installed on the top of the support rod frame 8 and a bacterial agent box 102 for storing the composite bacterial agent. The inside of the material taking barrel 101 is provided with an adding component for extracting the composite bacterial agent in the bacterial agent box 102 and discharging it into the floating bed skeleton frame 1;

[0073] The bacterial agent box 102 is provided to store a composite bacterial agent for water treatment, wherein the composite bacterial agent is a composite bacterial agent capable of removing heavy metals;

[0074] The bacterial agent contains red yeast, Aspergillus, Penicillium, iron-reducing bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria, with the proportion of components being 2:2:2:1:1. The internal nutrient source C:N:P ratio is 10:2:1. In addition, it contains Fe, K, Na ions, etc., which can ensure the activity of the composite bacterial agent.

[0075] The stored composite bacterial agent can be discharged into the material taking barrel 101 through the adding part, and then discharged into the inside of the floating bed through the material taking barrel 101, thereby forming a composite bacterial agent adding work to strengthen the removal of Mn metal. The released composite bacterial agent is used to remove Mn and produce alkali to adjust pH.

[0076] See attached Figures 1 to 11 A wastewater treatment method using a combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater comprises the following steps:

[0077] S1, the biomass filler which has been soaked in water in advance and the bubbles have been discharged is filled in a circle shape inside a plurality of filler baskets 4, and then the filler baskets 4 filled with the biomass filler are arranged in a rectangular array according to the grid frame 3, and supported by the grid frame 3 and the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 in a well-shaped manner;

[0078] Then, a plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 are installed inside the floating bed frame 1 by hanging, and the plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers 6 are arranged in a chessboard grid manner;

[0079] Finally, several plant pots with plants are placed inside the plant planting area 7, and the buoyancy of the four floating balls 2 is adjusted so that the floating bed skeleton frame 1 is immersed in the water, the top of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 protrudes 2-3cm above the water surface, and the plant pots are submerged in the water 5cm, so that the wastewater acid heavy metal treatment work can be completed. The plant area is placed outside, and organic matter can be released to the internal algae treatment area through rain and other means, and certain nutrients are input to strengthen the growth of algae and bacteria;

[0080] S2. By setting the positions of algae, bacteria and plants in step S1, the upper area inside the floating bed skeleton frame 1 is an aerobic bacteria and algae area, where the algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, generate alkalinity and increase pH, and provide carbon sources for other aerobic microorganisms after death and sedimentation;

[0081] The lower area inside the floating bed skeleton frame 1 is an anaerobic filler area, which carries the biofilm; from the outside to the inside of the anaerobic filler area, the dissolved oxygen concentration will show a gradually decreasing trend, and the inner anaerobic environment is a metabolic growth of anaerobic alkali-producing bacteria such as SRB, thereby strengthening the acid water treatment;

[0082] At the same time, aerobic microorganisms in the upper area consume oxygen from algae metabolism, fix heavy metals, reduce the impact of a large amount of dissolved oxygen produced by algae in the upper area on the anaerobic environment of the inner layer of the lower anaerobic filler area, and make the anaerobic microorganisms in the inner layer metabolize to produce alkali, thereby strengthening the fixation of heavy metals;

[0083] By arranging plant planting areas 7 around the outside of the floating bed frame 1, the super-enriched plants in the plant planting areas 7 are enriched with heavy metals, and at the same time, the organic matter produced by the plants will flow into the floating bed to enhance the metabolism and reproduction of algae and bacteria, thereby improving the water quality of the floating bed area. In addition, the withered leaves of plants in the plant planting area 7 or the organic matter produced by them are introduced into the aerobic bacteria and algae area through water-soluble substances to enhance the growth of aerobic bacteria.

[0084] S3. In the first implementation, an external carbon source is added to make the natives in the inner chessboard grid area produce alkali. After the microalgae grow rapidly, the addition of the carbon source can be stopped;

[0085] The dead remains of the microalgae and their metabolites are decomposed by the aerobic biofilm on the three-dimensional elastic brush filler 6, which provides carbon sources and other nutrients for the growth of the microalgae, thereby forming a carbon recycling in the upper area of ​​the floating bed;

[0086] The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water body drops significantly after passing through the biomass filler layer from top to bottom, thus providing a suitable anaerobic environment for alkali-producing microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in the lower layer. The alkalinity produced by the alkali-producing microorganisms can neutralize the acidity of the water body inside the floating bed, thereby improving the microenvironment for the growth of microbial flora, thus forming a virtuous cycle. At the same time, the biomass filler can be used as a slow-release carbon source, which is decomposed by aerobic / anaerobic alkali-producing bacteria to provide attachment points to form biofilms, and anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions, chelate heavy metals, and fix them. As a result, the indigenous microalgae inside the ecological floating bed are combined with aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria with heavy metal and low pH tolerance, resulting in algae-bacteria synergistic effects, producing alkali while strengthening heavy metal fixation.

[0087] S4, real-time monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH changes inside and outside the upper layer of the floating bed through the probe of the dissolved oxygen instrument body 81 and the probe of the pH instrument body 82;

[0088] When the pH concentration is greater than 6.0 and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 15 mg / L, the main control computer 84 controls the automatic release of the additive component 10 to introduce the composite bacterial agent to enhance the removal of Mn metal;

[0089] When the pH concentration is greater than 8.0, a mobile signal is triggered to the staff;

[0090] When the Mn concentration is lower than the preset concentration, the staff can give a signal to move the floating bed area and proceed with the processing work in the next area. The staff can also preset the floating bed movement range in advance, and it will move automatically when the conditions are met, and feedback the on-site information.

[0091] Embodiment 2: Based on embodiment 1, the difference is that;

[0092] See attached Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The adding parts include a protective cylinder 103 fixed to the top of the material taking cylinder 101 and a piston block 104 slidably connected to the inside of the material taking cylinder 101. An electric telescopic rod 105 for driving the piston block 104 up and down is fixedly connected to the inside of the protective cylinder 103. At least one opening is opened inside the piston block 104, and a one-way valve plate 106 is arranged in the opening. A water collecting pipe 107 is fixedly connected to the top of the material taking cylinder 101, and one end of the water collecting pipe 107 extends to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame 1. A one-way valve is installed on the water collecting pipe 107. A plurality of adding pipes 108 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the material taking cylinder 101;

[0093] The electric telescopic rod 105 is connected to the external main body control computer 84. By starting the electric telescopic rod 105, the piston block 104 can be driven to move up and down, and the downward movement of the piston block 104 can form a negative pressure state at the top of the piston block 104, and then the water source can be sucked through the water collecting pipe 107. By resetting the piston block 104 upward, the water source sucked from the top can be squeezed, so that the water source enters the bottom of the piston block 104 through the opening and the built-in one-way valve plate 106, and finally dispersed and exported to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 through a plurality of addition pipes 108, further improving the dispersion of addition;

[0094] The bottom of the material barrel 101 is fixedly connected to a sleeve 109, and the material pipe of the bacterial agent box 102 is fixedly connected to the inside of the sleeve 109. The bottom of the piston block 104 is fixedly connected to a piston column 1010 through a support, and the piston column 1010 contacts the inner surface of the sleeve 109 through a sealing sleeve.

[0095] The sleeve 109 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the material barrel 101, and the material pipe of the microbial agent box 102 is connected to the inside of the sleeve 109, so that the microbial agent box 102 can add the composite microbial agent to the inside of the sleeve 109 through the material pipe. The piston column 1010 is arranged inside the sleeve 109 to seal and block the bottom end of the material pipe to prevent the material pipe from adding the composite microbial agent at will.

[0096] By fixing the piston rod 1010 with the piston block 104, the piston block 104 moves downward, which can drive the piston rod 1010 to move downward. When the piston rod 1010 loses its shielding of the bottom end of the material pipe, the material pipe will perform the composite bacterial agent addition work. With the upward movement of the piston rod 1010, the added composite bacterial agent can be transferred to the inside of the material barrel 101. With the flushing of the water source inside the material barrel 101, not only can the composite bacterial agent be dissolved, but also the dissolved liquid can be dispersed and discharged to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame 1 through a plurality of addition pipes 108 at the same time, forming the composite bacterial agent addition work. It not only has a good composite bacterial agent addition work, but also can disperse the composite bacterial agent, further improving the composite bacterial agent addition effect.

[0097] Embodiment 3: Based on embodiment 1, the difference is that;

[0098] See attached Fig.10 and Fig.11At least one surge assembly 11 is installed on the outer surface of the floating bed skeleton frame 1. The surge assembly 11 includes an L-shaped frame 111 fixed to the outer surface of the floating bed skeleton frame 1, and the L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame 111 is located directly below the floating bed skeleton frame 1. The L-shaped outlet of the L-shaped frame 111 is hinged with a first valve plate 112 that can only be flipped outward. A water inlet is opened in the middle of the L-shaped frame 111, and a second valve plate 113 that can only be flipped inward is hinged inside the water inlet. A piston plate 114 is slidably connected inside the L-shaped frame 111, and an L-shaped transmission frame 115 is fixedly connected to the top of the piston plate 114. An electric reciprocating member 116 for reciprocatingly driving the L-shaped transmission frame 115 up and down is installed on the floating bed skeleton frame 1;

[0099] The electric reciprocating member 116 adopts a protective box in the prior art and an electric cylinder built in the box, which is used to drive the L-shaped transmission frame 115 to move up and down. The upward movement of the L-shaped transmission frame 115 can drive the piston plate 114 to move upward synchronously, so as to absorb the water inlet. The water source driving force can drive the second valve plate 113 to flip inward, so that the external water source quickly enters the interior of the L-shaped frame 111;

[0100] The L-shaped transmission frame 115 drives the piston plate 114 to move downward, so that the sucked water source can be squeezed, so that the water source is discharged through the L-shaped outlet position of the L-shaped frame 111, so that the water source under the floating bed skeleton frame 1 surges, thereby increasing the contact strength and contact range between the water source and the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame 1, thereby improving its water treatment performance;

[0101] The invention solves the problem in the prior art that the water source below the floating bed is in a static state, so that the static water source cannot fully contact the water treatment component below the floating bed, thereby affecting its water treatment efficiency and effect.

[0102] It should be noted that the term "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article, or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or device that includes the element.

[0103] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater, comprising a floating bed skeleton frame (1), characterized in that: The four corners of the floating bed skeleton frame (1) are all equipped with buoyancy-adjustable floating balls (2) via ropes; the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame (1) is in a well-shaped grid; a grid frame (3) is fixedly connected to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame (1); a plurality of filling baskets (4) are installed inside the floating bed skeleton frame (1) via the grid frame (3); and basket top net seals (5) are arranged on the tops of the plurality of filling baskets (4); The interiors of the plurality of filler baskets (4) are filled with biomass fillers. The interior of the floating bed skeleton frame (1) is installed with a plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) by means of a wire drawing method, and the plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) are located above the basket top net seal (5). The top of the floating bed skeleton frame (1) is provided with a ring-shaped plant planting area (7) and a support rod frame (8). The support rod frame (8) is respectively provided with a dissolved oxygen instrument body (81), a pH instrument body (82), a propeller controller (83), a main body control computer (84), a signal transmission module (85), and an adding component (10) for adding a composite bacterial agent to the center of the floating bed skeleton frame (1).

2. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the filling basket (4) is provided with a plurality of large-diameter flow holes, the top of the filling basket (4) is provided with a raised edge, and the filling basket (4) is supported on the grid frame (3) through the raised edge, and is supported by the well-shaped bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame (1), handles are installed on both sides of the top of the raised edge, and the basket top mesh seal (5) covers the top of the filling basket (4).

3. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side and outer side of the plant planting area (7) are respectively provided with a plurality of pitch openings (61) and flow holes, and a chessboard grid-shaped rope line (62) is arranged between the plurality of pitch openings (61), and a plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) are respectively installed on the cross nodes of the rope line (62).

4. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A four-directional propeller (9) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame (1) and is controlled by a propeller controller (83). The four-directional propeller (9) is used to drive the floating bed skeleton frame (1) in the water to move forward, backward, left and right.

5. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection probes of the dissolved oxygen instrument body (81) and the pH instrument body (82) extend to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame (1) through a connecting rod (86); the outsides of the dissolved oxygen instrument body (81), the pH instrument body (82), the propeller controller (83), and the main control computer (84) are all provided with a waterproof sealing box, and the top of the sealing box can be opened; and a component for supplying power to solar energy is installed on the support rod frame (8).

6. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adding component (10) comprises a material taking barrel (101) installed at the top of the support rod frame (8) and a bacterial agent box (102) for storing the composite bacterial agent. The inside of the material taking barrel (101) is provided with an adding component for extracting the composite bacterial agent in the bacterial agent box (102) and discharging it into the floating bed skeleton frame (1).

7. The combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The additive component comprises a protective cylinder (103) fixed to the top of the material taking cylinder (101) and a piston block (104) slidably connected to the inside of the material taking cylinder (101); an electric telescopic rod (105) for driving the piston block (104) up and down is fixedly connected to the inside of the protective cylinder (103); at least one opening is provided inside the piston block (104), and a one-way valve plate (106) is arranged in the opening; the top of the material taking cylinder (101) is fixedly connected to a water collecting pipe (107), and one end of the water collecting pipe (107) extends to the inside of the floating bed skeleton frame (1); a one-way valve is installed on the water collecting pipe (107); the bottom of the material taking cylinder (101) is fixedly connected to a plurality of additive pipes (108); The bottom of the material taking barrel (101) is fixedly connected to a sleeve (109), and the material pipe of the bacterial agent box (102) is fixedly connected to the inside of the sleeve (109). The bottom of the piston block (104) is fixedly connected to a piston column (1010) through a support, and the piston column (1010) contacts the inner surface of the sleeve (109) through a sealing sleeve.

8. A wastewater treatment method based on the combined ecological floating bed for treating acidic heavy metal wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, the biomass filler which has been soaked in water in advance and the bubbles have been discharged is filled in a plurality of filler baskets (4) in a circular shape, and then the filler baskets (4) filled with the biomass filler are arranged in a rectangular array according to the grid frame (3), and supported by the grid frame (3) and the bottom of the floating bed skeleton frame (1) in a well-shaped manner; Subsequently, a plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) are installed inside the floating bed frame (1) in a hanging manner, and the plurality of three-dimensional elastic brush fillers (6) are arranged in a chessboard grid manner; Finally, a number of plant pots with plants are placed inside the plant planting area (7), and the buoyancy of the four floating balls (2) is adjusted so that the floating bed frame (1) is immersed in water, the top of the floating bed frame (1) protrudes 2-3 cm above the water surface, and the plant pots are submerged in water for 5 cm, thus completing the wastewater acid heavy metal treatment process; S2. By setting the positions of algae, bacteria and plants in step S1, the upper area inside the floating bed skeleton frame (1) becomes an aerobic bacteria and algae area, where the algae perform photosynthesis, metabolize and enrich heavy metals, generate alkalinity and increase pH, and provide carbon sources for other aerobic microorganisms after death and sedimentation; By arranging a plant planting area (7) around the outside of the floating bed frame (1), the super-accumulator plants in the plant planting area (7) enrich heavy metals, thereby improving the water quality of the floating bed area; S3. In the first implementation, an external carbon source is added to make the natives in the inner chessboard grid area produce alkali. After the microalgae grow rapidly, the addition of the carbon source can be stopped; The remains of the dead microalgae and their metabolites are decomposed by the aerobic biofilm on the three-dimensional elastic brush filler (6), which provides carbon sources and other nutrients for the growth of the microalgae, thereby forming a carbon recycling in the upper area of ​​the floating bed; The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water body drops significantly after passing through the biomass filler layer from top to bottom, thus providing a suitable anaerobic environment for alkali-producing microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria in the lower layer. The alkalinity produced by the alkali-producing microorganisms can neutralize the acidity of the water body inside the floating bed, thereby improving the microenvironment for the growth of microbial flora, thus forming a virtuous cycle; in addition, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate ions, chelate heavy metals, and fix them; thus, the indigenous microalgae inside the ecological floating bed are combined with aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria with heavy metal and low pH tolerance, producing algae-bacteria synergy, producing alkali while strengthening heavy metal fixation; S4, using the probe of the dissolved oxygen instrument body (81) and the probe of the pH instrument body (82) to monitor the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH changes inside and outside the upper layer of the floating bed in real time; When the pH concentration is greater than 6.0 and the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 15 mg / L, the main control computer (84) controls the automatic release of the additive component (10) to introduce the composite bacterial agent to enhance the removal of Mn metal; When the pH concentration is greater than 8.0, a mobile signal is triggered to the staff; When the Mn concentration is lower than the preset concentration, the staff can give a signal to move the floating bed area and proceed to the next area for treatment.

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