Composition for improving phosphorus effectiveness of moderately salinized soil and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a composition for improving phosphorus effectiveness of moderately salinized soil and application of the composition. The composition is prepared from phosphate fertilizer and furfural residues according to the mass ratio of (2.5-3.5): 100. The phosphate fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate. According to the invention, the furfural residue and diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate are compounded, so that compared with compositions such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria and humic acid or a phosphorus activator, the furfural residue as an industrial waste is lower in cost, and the ecological benefit of resource utilization is obvious; the furfural residue is strong in acidity and is more suitable for saline-alkali soil; the furfural residues and the diammonium phosphate or the ammonium polyphosphate are compounded, so that the salinity of surface soil can be improved, available phosphorus of the surface soil in the corn seedling stage is increased, corn growth is effectively promoted, and the apparent utilization rate of phosphorus is remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement, and in particular to a composition for improving phosphorus effectiveness in moderately saline soil and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important reserve land resource, saline-alkali land has great potential for development and utilization. However, due to the poor colloidal properties and low microbial activity of saline soil, the growth and yield of crops are limited. The soil type of saline-alkali land around the Bohai Sea is mainly saline soil with alluvial parent material development. The phosphorus fixation is strong, resulting in a low content of available phosphorus in the soil, which in turn affects the growth and production capacity of crops.

[0003] The prior art shows that the application of humic acid, microbial agents and other compositions can reduce phosphorus fixation and activate phosphorus in the soil, thereby playing the role of a phosphorus activator. This method not only improves the utilization rate of nutrients and saves phosphate resources, but also the activated calcium and magnesium ions have a regulating effect on the base ion composition in saline-alkali land. In addition, after rainfall or irrigation, a certain desalination effect may be produced, thereby improving soil quality to a certain extent, increasing crop yields, and bringing higher economic benefits.

[0004] Currently, there are many ameliorative substances that can be used to activate phosphorus, but most of them have limited improvement effects on moderately saline soils or are too costly. For example, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are difficult to colonize in saline-alkali lands, and humic acid is limited due to its large application amount and high cost. In addition, the types of phosphate fertilizers suitable for saline-alkali lands are relatively single. Phosphate rock powder and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are alkaline and not suitable for saline-alkali soils, while superphosphate is easily fixed after application, making it difficult to fully realize its potential. Therefore, there is an urgent need to screen out better quality phosphate fertilizer types and compositions in order to better solve the problem of phosphorus fixation in saline-alkali lands, promote crop growth, and improve land use efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil and its application.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil, the composition comprising phosphate fertilizer and furfural residue in a mass ratio of (2.5-3.5):100;

[0008] The phosphate fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.

[0009] The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil in improving moderately saline soil.

[0010] Preferably, the composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil is used to improve moderately saline soil by:

[0011] (1) Improve the salinity of the surface soil;

[0012] (2) Increase the available phosphorus content in the soil;

[0013] (3) Improve the apparent utilization rate of phosphorus.

[0014] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for improving moderately saline soil, comprising the following steps:

[0015] The composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil is spread on the moderately saline soil to be improved and then turned over.

[0016] Preferably, the turning depth is 15-25 cm.

[0017] Preferably, the dosage of the composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil is 600-700 kg / mu.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] The invention compounds furfural residue with diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate. Compared with compositions such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, humic acid, or phosphorus activators, the cost of furfural residue as industrial waste is lower, and the ecological benefit of resource utilization is obvious. The furfural residue has strong acidity and is more suitable for saline-alkali land utilization. Compounding furfural residue with diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate can improve the salinity of surface soil, increase the effective phosphorus in the surface soil at the corn seedling stage, effectively promote the growth of corn, and significantly improve the apparent utilization rate of phosphorus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 : Available phosphorus content in the surface soil of maize at different growth stages under different treatments (a is the seedling stage, b is the trumpet stage, c is the grain filling stage and d is the harvest stage);

[0021] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of soil column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0024] The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0025] The composite bacterial agent used in the present invention is composed of a commercially available microbial agent (purchased from Weifang Fukai Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., the product name is "microbial agent", the functional bacteria are Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is ≥ 1 billion / g) and a soil phosphorus activator The composition is in a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0026] The humic acid used in the present invention is humic acid raw powder purchased from Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. (dry basis ≥70%, fulvic acid 15-20%, 100-120 mesh black powder, derived from weathered lignite).

[0027] The furfural residue used in the present invention was purchased from Rizhao Yuanli Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a pH value of 4.9, an organic matter content (drying basis) of 92%, and total nutrients (N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O, oven dry basis) 3.8%.

[0028] Example 1: Preparation of a composition for improving phosphorus availability in moderately saline soil:

[0029] The diammonium phosphate and furfural residue are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 33:1000 to obtain a composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil.

[0030] Example 2: Preparation of a composition for improving phosphorus availability in moderately saline soil:

[0031] The ammonium polyphosphate and furfural residue are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 26:1000 to obtain a composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil.

[0032] Comparative Example 1:

[0033] The furfural residue in Example 1 is omitted, and the effective ingredient is a single diammonium phosphate.

[0034] Comparative Example 2:

[0035] The diammonium phosphate, the composite bacterial agent and cow dung (as a bacterial agent carrier) are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 330:25:1000 to obtain a composition.

[0036] Comparative Example 3:

[0037] The diammonium phosphate and humic acid were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 330:3000 to obtain a composition.

[0038] Comparative Example 4:

[0039] The furfural residue in Implementation 2 is omitted, and the effective ingredient is a single ammonium polyphosphate.

[0040] Comparative Example 5:

[0041] The ammonium polyphosphate, the composite bacterial agent and cow dung (as a bacterial agent carrier) are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 260:25:1000 to obtain a composition.

[0042] Comparative Example 6:

[0043] The ammonium polyphosphate and humic acid are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 260:3000 to obtain a composition.

[0044] Comparative Example 7:

[0045] The active ingredient is a single furfural residue.

[0046] Test Example 1: Test on the effect of improving phosphorus availability in moderately saline soil

[0047] 1. The soil in the soil column was taken from the Qingfu Agricultural Commune Experimental Base, Liutuan Town, Changyi City, Weifang City, Shandong Province (119°38′ east longitude, 37°03′ north latitude). The soil type is saline tidal soil. The basic properties of the surface soil are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Basic properties of the tested soil

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] The test crop was corn (Zea mays L.), the variety was Zhengdan 958, and the test was conducted on a soil column. The fertilizer or the composition was applied to the soil layer of the soil column and turned over to a depth of 20 cm. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Then corn was sown and managed in a conventional manner.

[0052] The experiment has 8 treatments in total, namely:

[0053] Treatment 1 (CP): DAP was applied at a rate of 330 kg / hm2 2 .

[0054] Treatment 2 (PSM): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 2 was applied at a rate of 1355 kg / hm 2 .

[0055] Treatment 3 (HA): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 3 was applied at a dosage of 3330 kg / hm 2 .

[0056] Treatment 4 (FR): The composition for improving the availability of phosphorus in moderately saline soil prepared in Example 1 was applied at a dosage of 10330 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0057] Treatment 5 (ACP): ammonium polyphosphate was applied at a rate of 260 kg / hm 2 .

[0058] Treatment 6 (APSM): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 5 was applied at a rate of 1285 kg / hm 2 .

[0059] Treatment 7 (AHA): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 6 was applied at a rate of 3260 kg / hm 2 .

[0060] Treatment 8 (AFR): The composition for improving the phosphorus availability in moderately saline soil prepared in Example 2 was applied at a dosage of 10260 kg / hm 2 .

[0061] The blank control group (CK) was planted with corn using conventional management methods without applying the above fertilizer or composition.

[0062] Furfural residue control group (CKFR): Furfural residue from comparative example 7 was applied at a dosage of 10,000 kg / hm 2 .

[0063] 2. Determination indicators and methods

[0064] (1) Phosphate fertilizer utilization rate:

[0065] After corn matures, whole plant samples are harvested, and the stalks, kernels, and roots are separated and taken back to the laboratory for drying to determine the dry matter mass and nutrient content.

[0066] The amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plant = dry matter mass of straw × total phosphorus content of straw + dry matter mass of grain × total phosphorus content of grain + dry matter mass of root × total phosphorus content of root.

[0067] Apparent utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in the current season (%) = (amount of phosphorus absorbed by plants treated with phosphorus - amount of phosphorus absorbed by plants in the control group without phosphorus application) / amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied × 100%.

[0068] (2) Soil available phosphorus: using NaHCO 3 Determination by leaching-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method.

[0069] 3. Test results:

[0070] Table 2 Phosphorus uptake and phosphorus utilization rate of corn plants

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 2, the FR group and the AFR group were respectively applied with the composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil prepared in Example 1 and Example 2. The amount of straw and root dry matter was significantly higher than that of the other treatment groups. The grain yield of the FR group increased by 56.72% compared with the CP group, and the grain yield of the AFR group increased by 13.62% compared with the ACP group. In addition, the FR group and the AFR group also significantly increased the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plants and the apparent utilization rate of phosphorus. Compared with CK, the increase in the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plants in the FR group and the AFR group was 35.21g / plant and 31.62g / plant, respectively, which was significantly higher than the sum of the increase in the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plants in the single furfural residue treatment (CKFR group) and the single phosphate fertilizer treatment (CP group or ACP group).

[0073] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that under the condition of applying diammonium phosphate, compared with the CP treatment, the average content of available phosphorus in the soil treated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, humic acid and furfural residue increased by 45.37%, 109.61% and 133.12%, respectively; while under the condition of applying ammonium polyphosphate, the addition of furfural residue significantly increased the available phosphorus content in the surface soil at the corn seedling stage. Compared with CK, the average increase in the soil available phosphorus content in the diammonium phosphate + furfural residue combination treatment (FR group) was 76.41 mg / kg, which was much greater than the sum of the average increases in the soil available phosphorus content in the single furfural residue treatment (CKFR group) and the single diammonium phosphate treatment (CP group) (5.37 mg / kg + 27.58 mg / kg = 32.95 mg / kg); the increase in the soil available phosphorus content in the seedling stage of the ammonium polyphosphate + furfural residue combination treatment (AFR group) was 121.78 mg / kg, which was greater than the sum of the increases in the soil available phosphorus in the seedling stage of the single furfural residue treatment (CKFR group) and the single ammonium polyphosphate treatment (ACP group) (7.46 mg / kg + 93.52 mg / kg = 100.98 mg / kg).

[0074] Test Example 2: Desalination effect test on moderately saline soil

[0075] 1. Soil column experiment The soil was taken from the Qingfu Agricultural Commune Experimental Base, Liutuan Town, Changyi City, Weifang City, Shandong Province (119°38′ east longitude, 37°03′ north latitude). The soil type is salinized tidal soil, and the basic properties of the surface soil are shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3 Basic properties of the tested soil

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] The soil was sieved through a 5 mm sieve and divided into layers (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm) according to bulk density and filled into custom-made PVC soil column tubes (with specifications of 20 cm in diameter and 75 cm in height).

[0080] There are 8 treatments in the experiment:

[0081] Treatment 1 (CP) DAP was mixed with soil, and the amount of DAP added was 0.053% of the soil mass.

[0082] Treatment 2 (PSM): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 2 was mixed with soil, and the amount of the composition added was 0.22% of the mass of the soil.

[0083] Treatment 3 (HA): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 3 was mixed with soil, and the amount of the composition added was 0.54% of the mass of the soil.

[0084] Treatment 4 (FR): The composition for improving phosphorus availability in moderately saline soil prepared in Example 1 was mixed with soil, and the amount of the composition added was 1.67% of the soil mass.

[0085] Treatment 5 (ACP): Ammonium polyphosphate was mixed with soil, and the amount of ammonium polyphosphate added was 0.042% of the soil mass.

[0086] Treatment 6 (APSM): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 5 was mixed with soil, and the amount of the composition added was 0.21% of the mass of the soil.

[0087] Treatment 7 (AHA): The composition prepared in Comparative Example 6 was mixed with soil, and the amount of the composition added was 0.53% of the mass of the soil.

[0088] Treatment 8 (AFR): The composition for improving the availability of phosphorus in moderately saline soil prepared in Example 2 was mixed with soil. The amount of the composition added was 1.66% of the soil mass.

[0089] When filling the soil column, lay a layer of 5cm thick gauze at the bottom of the soil column and wrap a circle of polytetrafluoroethylene woven mesh around the outside, and fix it with transparent tape. Before placing the soil column on the shelf, place a stainless steel funnel at the hole at the bottom of the shelf to collect the leaching solution. Place a receiving bottle at the bottom of the funnel to collect the leaching solution ( Figure 2 ), and four leaching experiments were carried out.

[0090] 2. Determination indicators and methods:

[0091] ① Volume of leaching solution: The receiving bottle under each soil column funnel is used to collect the leaching solution and measure the volume of the leaching solution eluted from each soil column.

[0092] ② Total salt content of the leaching solution: Determine by weight method. The water sample is filtered to remove solid impurities, placed on an evaporating dish and evaporated to dryness. Organic matter is removed with hydrogen peroxide and dried at 105-110°C to constant weight.

[0093] 3. Test results:

[0094] Table 4 Desalination rate of surface soil under different improvement treatments

[0095]

[0096] Note: All values ​​in the table are mean ± standard deviation. The same letters after the data in the same column indicate that there is no significant difference between the treatments (p>0.05).

[0097] Table 5 The proportion of salt loss in the surface soil of different improvement treatments to the total salt loss

[0098]

[0099] Note: All values ​​in the table are mean ± standard deviation. The same letters after the data in the same column indicate that there is no significant difference between the treatments (p>0.05).

[0100] As shown in Tables 4 and 5, after four leachings, when DAP was applied, the surface soil desalination rate of the treatment with furfural residue (AFR treatment) was the highest, at 75.41%. The proportion of salt lost from the surface soil in the FR and AFR treatments to the total salt lost was 88.66% and 89.98%, respectively, indicating that the addition of furfural residue can improve the salinity of the surface soil and is beneficial to crop growth.

[0101] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil, characterized in that: The composition is composed of phosphate fertilizer and furfural residue in a mass ratio of (2.5-3.5):100; The phosphate fertilizer is selected from diammonium phosphate or ammonium polyphosphate.

2. Use of the composition for improving phosphorus availability in moderately saline soil according to claim 1 in improving moderately saline soil.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil achieves improvement of moderately saline soil through the following ways: (1) Improve the salinity of the surface soil; (2) Increase the available phosphorus content in the soil; (3) Improve the apparent utilization rate of phosphorus.

4. A method for improving moderately saline soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil according to claim 1 is spread on the moderately saline soil to be improved and then turned over and compacted.

5. The method for improving moderately saline soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: The turning depth is 15-25cm.

6. The method for improving moderately saline soil according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dosage of the composition for improving the effectiveness of phosphorus in moderately saline soil is 600-700 kg / mu.

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