Friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for photovoltaic support

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of structural vibration control, in particular to a friction energy dissipation vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support, which comprises a protective shell arranged between two cross rods, and friction energy dissipation assemblies used for amplifying the displacement of the cross rods and consuming the displacement energy of the cross rods are symmetrically arranged in the protective shell. A rectangular plate for sealing the protective shell is arranged on the bottom surface of the protective shell; the friction energy dissipation assembly comprises an energy dissipation part for converting kinetic energy generated by displacement of the transverse rod into heat energy, the energy dissipation part is in transmission connection with a transmission part through a vertical rod, the transmission part is fixedly connected with the transverse rod and arranged below the energy dissipation part, and the vertical rod is rotationally connected with the rectangular plate. The micro displacement generated by the cross rod is transmitted to the energy consumption part through the transmission part, so that the displacement of the cross rod is amplified, the kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the cross rod can be converted into heat energy, the energy is effectively dissipated, and the performance and the reliability of the photovoltaic support system are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of structural vibration control, and in particular to a friction energy dissipation vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support. Background Art

[0002] As a clean and renewable energy source, solar energy has been widely used around the world. With the continuous advancement of photovoltaic technology and the significant reduction in costs, the number of solar power generation systems installed in residential, commercial and industrial fields continues to grow. As a key component supporting photovoltaic modules, the performance of solar racks will directly affect the efficiency and life of the entire system.

[0003] The main force-bearing structure of the solar rack is the support rod. When encountering extreme weather such as strong winds, heavy rain, and heavy snow, the support rod may be severely damaged, affecting the stable operation of the system. In order to ensure the long-term stable operation of the system, it is particularly necessary to install a vibration reduction device. The vibration reduction device can effectively reduce the damage caused by external environmental factors, extend the service life of the entire system, and reduce maintenance costs. In addition, the vibration reduction device can also ensure the safety of photovoltaic modules under extreme weather conditions, avoid property losses and safety accidents caused by the failure of the crossbar, especially in windy or snowy areas. This is particularly important. The vibration reduction device can also reduce the damage to the crossbar caused by environmental factors, further extend the service life of the system, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0004] In short, as an important part of the solar rack, the performance of the crossbar will directly affect the overall performance of the system. Therefore, installing a vibration reduction device is of great significance to ensure the efficient, safe and economical operation of the solar power generation system.

[0005] In view of this, there is an urgent need to design a friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for photovoltaic brackets, which has a reasonable structural design, is easy to install and maintain, can effectively convert the kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the support rod into heat energy, realize effective dissipation of energy, adapt to various environmental conditions, and ensure stability and reliability in different application scenarios; and is not easy to be damaged during long-term use, and has a long service life; and can effectively improve the performance and reliability of the photovoltaic bracket system. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme: a friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic bracket, comprising a protective shell arranged between two cross bars, wherein friction energy dissipation components for amplifying the displacement of the cross bars and consuming the displacement energy of the cross bars are symmetrically arranged in the protective shell, and a rectangular plate for sealing the protective shell is arranged on the bottom surface of the protective shell; the friction energy dissipation component comprises an energy dissipation part for converting the kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the cross bars into thermal energy, the energy dissipation part is connected to a transmission part through a vertical rod transmission, the transmission part is fixedly connected to the cross bars, the transmission part is arranged below the energy dissipation part, and the vertical rod is rotatably connected to the rectangular plate.

[0008] Preferably, the top surface of the protective shell is inclined, and the height of the middle part of the top surface of the protective shell is higher than the heights of the two sides of the top surface of the protective shell.

[0009] Preferably, the rectangular plate is detachably connected to the bottom surface of the protective shell.

[0010] Preferably, the energy dissipation part comprises a large disc sleeved on the vertical rod, two large discs are arranged up and down, and opposite sides of the two large discs are slidably connected.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of heat dissipation holes are evenly distributed on the large disc.

[0012] Preferably, the transmission part comprises a chain fixedly connected to the side surface of one end of the cross bar extending into the protective shell, and the chain is transmission-connected with a sprocket, and the sprocket is sleeved on the vertical rod.

[0013] Preferably, the side of the cross bar facing away from the chain is slidably connected to a groove plate, the side of the groove plate facing away from the cross bar is fixedly connected to a plurality of first bolts, the end of the first bolt away from the groove plate is threadedly connected to a threaded barrel, the end of the threaded barrel away from the first bolt is fixedly connected to a limiting disk, the limiting disk is rotatably connected to a limiting slot, and the limiting slot is opened on the inner wall of the protective shell.

[0014] Preferably, both ends of the vertical rod are rotatably connected to the top of the protective shell and the rectangular plate through bearings respectively.

[0015] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0016] The present invention transmits the tiny displacement generated by the cross bar to the energy consumption part through the transmission part, which not only amplifies the displacement of the cross bar, but also converts the kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the cross bar into heat energy, realizes effective dissipation of energy, and effectively improves the performance and reliability of the photovoltaic support system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the rectangular plate structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top cross-sectional structure of the protective housing of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the limiting groove of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of the present invention;

[0024] Among them, 1. protective shell; 2. large disc; 3. vertical rod; 4. chain; 5. sprocket; 6. cross bar; 7. bearing; 8. rectangular plate; 9. heat dissipation hole; 10. groove plate; 11. first bolt; 12. threaded cylinder; 13. limit plate; 14. limit groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The possible implementation schemes found in the art are:

[0026] The patent with patent announcement number CN111306241A discloses an adaptive friction energy dissipation vibration reduction device for a bridge structure, including: a base, a displacement conversion rack, a displacement amplification component and a friction energy dissipation component; the displacement conversion rack is fixedly installed on the bridge, the displacement amplification component and the friction energy dissipation component are both fixedly installed on the base, the displacement conversion rack is transmission-connected to the displacement amplification component to convert the horizontal vibration of the bridge into the rotational motion of the displacement amplification component, the displacement amplification component is transmission-connected to the friction energy dissipation component to amplify the displacement of the horizontal vibration of the bridge, and transmit the rotational motion of the displacement amplification component to the friction energy dissipation component, and the friction energy dissipation component realizes braking of the rotational motion through friction energy dissipation.

[0027] The displacement conversion rack and displacement amplification component of the patent convert the horizontal vibration of the bridge into the rotational motion of the displacement amplification component, and under the action of the displacement amplification component and the friction energy dissipation component, the displacement of the horizontal vibration of the bridge is indirectly amplified, and the rotational motion of the displacement amplification component is transmitted to the friction energy dissipation component. The rotational motion of the displacement amplification component or the rotational motion of the friction energy dissipation component can be effectively braked under the dissipation of heat energy generated by friction, and the energy dissipation and vibration reduction of the bridge are good; the first gear converts the horizontal motion of the displacement conversion rack into rotational motion, and under the action of the second gear and the third gear, indirectly increases the rotation speed of the third gear. The displacement of the horizontal vibration of the bridge is amplified, and the slider is pushed to translate toward the friction disk under the rotation of the screw, thereby compressing the elastic part. Under the elastic force of the elastic part, the friction lining is in closer contact with the friction disk, and under the friction between the friction lining and the friction disk (in this process, the magnitude of the friction force can be effectively adjusted), the energy of the bridge vibration is released and dissipated in the form of heat energy; the spiral directions of the screws on both sides of the third gear are set in opposite directions, which ensures that the farther the bridge is from the equilibrium position, the greater the compression of the elastic part, and thus the greater the friction between the friction lining and the friction disk, and the greater the energy dissipated by friction, which effectively prevents the bridge deck beams from colliding with each other and falling.

[0028] The patent with patent announcement number CN115787369A discloses a dry friction energy-absorbing vibration-damping and noise-reducing fastener, which includes a pad under the device, a height-adjusting pad arranged above the pad under the device, and an iron pad arranged above the height-adjusting pad; the pad under the device, the height-adjusting pad and the iron pad are fixedly connected to the sleeper through an anchor locking structure, and the anchor locking structure includes anchor bolts, spring washers, flat washers and embedded sleeves, and the embedded sleeves are embedded in the sleeper rail in advance.

[0029] The dry friction energy dissipation component in this patent uses dry friction collision energy dissipation vibration reduction technology to replace the material compression deformation vibration reduction technology in the existing fasteners. It consumes the vibration energy of the rails through energy dissipation behaviors such as friction and collision between particles, bags and cavities. This technology can provide a higher high-frequency damping loss factor than the existing technology, thereby providing greater damping at the wheel-rail coupling resonance frequency, reducing the transmission of rail vibration and noise to sleepers, roadbeds and the ground.

[0030] The patent adopts a compression-torsion conversion shock absorber, in which the components are in close contact and the friction coefficient is large, which amplifies the friction and uses friction energy to relieve the vibration of the rail and the foundation under the rail. In addition, the compressed vertical movement of the shock absorber is converted into the rotational movement of the cam, and the rotational friction is added on the basis of the moving friction, further amplifying the friction effect.

[0031] The dry friction energy dissipation components and compression-torsion conversion shock absorber components used in this patent are all made of rigid materials rather than viscoelastic materials such as rubber. Therefore, the problems of easy aging of existing fasteners, rapid attenuation of vibration reduction performance, and narrow operating temperature range are overcome. The patent has a long service life and can adapt to harsh environments.

[0032] In this patent, the damping particles are independent of the outside of the sleeper. On the one hand, due to the large vibration of the rails, they are directly installed on the lower part of the rails to absorb and dissipate the rail vibration directly generated by the train operation, and have better vibration reduction and noise reduction effects. On the other hand, the manufacturing is simple, and the vibration reduction components can be disassembled and replaced separately, which improves the convenience of production, installation, and maintenance and greatly reduces costs.

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 The present invention provides a friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic bracket, comprising a protective shell 1 arranged between two cross bars 6, wherein friction energy dissipation components for amplifying the displacement of the cross bars 6 and consuming the displacement energy of the cross bars 6 are symmetrically arranged in the protective shell 1, and a rectangular plate 8 for sealing the protective shell 1 is arranged on the bottom surface of the protective shell 1; the friction energy dissipation component comprises an energy dissipation part for converting kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the cross bars 6 into heat energy, the energy dissipation part is connected to a transmission part through a vertical rod 3, the transmission part is fixedly connected to the cross bars 6, the transmission part is arranged below the energy dissipation part, and the vertical rod 3 is rotatably connected to the rectangular plate 8.

[0037] The present invention transmits the tiny displacement generated by the cross bar 6 to the energy consumption part through the transmission part, which not only amplifies the displacement of the cross bar 6, but also can convert the kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the cross bar 6 into heat energy, thereby achieving effective dissipation of energy and effectively reducing the fatigue damage of the cross bar 6 caused by vibration and impact, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic support system and effectively improving the performance and safety reliability of the photovoltaic support system.

[0038] According to a further optimized solution, the top surface of the protective shell 1 is tilted, and the height of the middle part of the top surface of the protective shell 1 is higher than the heights of the two sides of the top surface of the protective shell 1 .

[0039] The protective shell 1 has a streamlined appearance, which reduces the windward area and improves wind resistance, ensuring that the device will not loosen or fall off in strong winds; the inclination angle of the inclined surface can be set to 5°, which allows accumulated snow and rain to slide off naturally, reducing the impact of external loads on the protective shell 1.

[0040] In a further optimized solution, the rectangular plate 8 is detachably connected to the bottom surface of the protective housing 1. To facilitate installation or removal of the rectangular plate 8, the rectangular plate 8 can be connected to the bottom of the protective housing 1 by a plurality of second bolts and fasteners; the second bolts and fasteners are selected from high-strength, rust-proof first bolts and fasteners.

[0041] Fasteners are a type of mechanical parts used to fasten two or more parts (or components) into a whole. They are widely used in various industrial fields, including machinery, electronics, electrical appliances, construction, transportation, aerospace, etc. Fasteners are characterized by a wide variety of specifications, different performances and uses, and a high degree of standardization, serialization, and generalization.

[0042] Fasteners generally include the following 12 categories:

[0043] Bolt: It consists of two parts: the head and the screw (a cylinder with external threads). It needs to be matched with a nut to fasten two parts with through holes.

[0044] Stud: A fastener with no head and only external threads on both ends. When connecting, one end is screwed into a part with an internal thread hole, and the other end passes through a part with a through hole and then a nut is screwed on.

[0045] Screw: It consists of two parts, the head and the screw, and is screwed directly into the threaded hole of the connected part without the need for a nut.

[0046] Nut: Used with bolts or studs for fastening.

[0047] Self-tapping screws: can be directly tapped into the threaded holes of the connected parts.

[0048] Wood screws: used for fastening wood.

[0049] Washer: Mainly used to protect the supporting surface of the connected parts.

[0050] Retaining ring: used to limit the axial movement of parts on the shaft.

[0051] Pin: used for positioning or connection.

[0052] Rivets: Fasten connections by deforming.

[0053] Welding nails: fastening by welding.

[0054] Assemblies and connections: Assemblies composed of multiple fasteners.

[0055] The production process of fasteners includes raw material modification, cold heading, thread processing (thread rolling or thread twisting), heat treatment, surface treatment, sorting and packaging. Among them, heat treatment and tempering are to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of fasteners and meet the tensile strength and yield strength ratio specified by the product. Surface treatment mainly includes non-electrolytic plating (such as hot dip plating, infiltration plating, mechanical plating, Dacromet sintering film, etc.), electrolytic plating (such as galvanizing, zinc-nickel alloy, zinc-iron alloy, etc.), phosphating, blackening, hot rust treatment and other methods.

[0056] Fasteners can be seen in various mechanical equipment, vehicles, ships, railways, bridges, buildings, instruments and meters, etc. For example, in steel structures, bolt connection is the simplest connection method for component pre-installation and structural installation. Bolts are divided into ten grades according to performance level: 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9. Bolts above grade 8.8 are made of low-carbon alloy steel or medium-carbon steel and are heat-treated (quenched and tempered), which are generally called high-strength bolts. Bolts below grade 8.8 (excluding grade 8.8, refined ordinary bolts also include grade 8.8) are generally called ordinary bolts.

[0057] The rectangular plate 8 and the protective shell 1 use high-strength steel to enhance the rigidity and strength of the rectangular plate 8 and the protective shell 1, prevent deformation and breakage in extreme weather, and ensure the stability and durability of the rectangular plate 8 and the protective shell 1; at the same time, in order to dissipate heat, a number of vents are opened on the rectangular plate 8.

[0058] Further optimization scheme, the energy dissipation part includes a large disc 2 mounted on the vertical rod 3, two large discs 2 are arranged up and down, and the two large discs 2 are slidably connected on opposite sides. The vertical rod 3 drives the large disc 2 to rotate, so that the two large discs 2 are displaced and contacted up and down, and can generate friction between each other during rotation, which can effectively convert the kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the cross bar 6 into heat energy, realizing effective energy dissipation; effectively reducing vibration and impact, not only protecting the cross bar 6, but also enhancing the stability and safety of the photovoltaic support system.

[0059] According to a further optimization scheme, a plurality of heat dissipation holes 9 are evenly distributed on the large disk 2 .

[0060] The large disc 2 is made of copper-based powder metallurgy friction material, which has a stable friction coefficient, good wear resistance and high temperature resistance, as well as good thermal conductivity. The material can also be recycled repeatedly without damaging its mechanical properties, and is an environmentally friendly, safe and reliable material. Without changing the strength of the structure and the feasibility of manufacturing, heat dissipation holes 9 are opened on the large disc 2, which cooperate with the copper-based powder metallurgy friction material to give it good heat dissipation performance, accelerate heat dissipation, and prevent performance degradation due to overheating.

[0061] Further optimizing the scheme, the transmission part includes a chain 4 fixedly connected to the side of one end of the cross bar 6 extending into the protective housing 1, and the chain 4 is drivingly connected with a sprocket 5, and the sprocket 5 is sleeved on the vertical bar 3. The cross bar 6 drives the sprocket 5 to rotate through the chain 4, the sprocket 5 drives the vertical bar 3 to rotate, and the vertical bar 3 drives the large disc 2 to rotate. Since the diameter of the sprocket 5 is smaller than the diameter of the large disc 2, the sprocket 5 drives the large disc 2 to rotate through the vertical bar 3, which effectively realizes the amplification of the displacement of the cross bar 6.

[0062] Chain 4 is made of high-strength and corrosion-resistant stainless steel chain.

[0063] The sprocket 5 is made of high-precision, wear-resistant metal material.

[0064] The vertical rod 3 is made of high-strength and light-weight aluminum alloy material.

[0065] A further optimized solution is that a groove plate 10 is slidably connected to the side of the cross bar 6 away from the chain 4, and a plurality of first bolts 11 are fixedly connected to the side of the groove plate 10 away from the cross bar 6. An end of the first bolt 11 away from the groove plate 10 is threadedly connected to a threaded tube 12, and an end of the threaded tube 12 away from the first bolt 11 is fixedly connected to a limiting disk 13. The limiting disk 13 is rotatably connected to a limiting groove 14, and the limiting groove 14 is opened on the inner wall of the protective shell 1.

[0066] By rotating the threaded cylinder 12, the groove plate 10 can drive the cross bar 6 to move, which facilitates the adjustment of the meshing spacing between the chain 4 on the cross bar 6 and the sprocket 5, so that the sprocket 5 and the chain 4 are precisely meshed to ensure smooth cooperation between the two without jamming or sliding; the installation of the sprocket 5 needs to be precisely aligned with the chain 4 to ensure that the meshing parts are tight and seamless to maintain the efficiency and stability of the transmission.

[0067] At the same time, the cross bar 6 can also move horizontally along the groove plate 10 .

[0068] In a further optimized solution, both ends of the vertical rod 3 are rotatably connected to the top of the protective housing 1 and the rectangular plate 8 through bearings 7, respectively, so that the vertical rod 3 can rotate stably.

[0069] The bearing 7 uses a high-precision, low-friction bearing to ensure smooth rotation without jamming.

[0070] The high-precision, low-friction bearing 7 enables the vertical rod 3 to rotate freely and reduces the rotation resistance. The selection and installation of the bearing 7 are very important, and high-quality bearings 7 must be selected and accurately installed.

[0071] A sealing ring is provided at the connection between the sprocket 5, the large disc 2 and the vertical rod 3, which can effectively prevent the intrusion of moisture and dust, thereby ensuring the sealing and stability in a humid environment.

[0072] Working process:

[0073] When the cross bar 6 is subjected to external force, the horizontal displacement is converted into rotational displacement through the chain 4 and the sprocket 5, driving the vertical bar 3 to rotate, and the vertical bar 3 simultaneously drives the large disk 2 to rotate. The staggered contact surfaces of the two large disks 2 generate friction during rotation, which can convert kinetic energy into heat energy and realize effective energy dissipation. It can not only reduce the fatigue damage of the cross bar 6 and extend its service life, but also protect the photovoltaic components in bad weather and avoid losses and accidents caused by damage to the cross bar 6. The present invention can give full play to its vibration reduction and protection effects in practical applications, and provide solid protection for the photovoltaic support system.

[0074] The present invention has a simple structural design, is easy to install and maintain, and can be quickly installed and adjusted on site by the user, reducing construction time and cost. It is suitable for various types of photovoltaic support systems, and can provide excellent vibration reduction effects whether for residential, commercial or industrial applications.

[0075] Embodiment 2

[0076] In order to facilitate monitoring and maintenance, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, vibration sensors, displacement sensors and sensor receiving devices are also provided. The temperature sensors, humidity sensors, vibration sensors, displacement sensors and sensor receiving devices are electrically or wirelessly connected to the sensor receiving devices. The sensor receiving devices can monitor physical parameters such as temperature, humidity, vibration, displacement in real time to determine the operating status and environmental conditions.

[0077] Temperature sensors are devices used to measure temperature. Their accuracy and stability directly affect the reliability of the entire system. Common temperature sensors include thermocouples, thermistors, semiconductor temperature sensors, and infrared temperature sensors.

[0078] Working principle of temperature sensor:

[0079] Thermocouple: It is composed of two wires of different metals or alloys. When the temperatures of the two junctions are different, a voltage difference will be generated between the two metals, and this voltage difference is proportional to the temperature difference.

[0080] Thermistor: The resistance changes with temperature and can be either a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) or a negative temperature coefficient (NTC).

[0081] Semiconductor temperature sensors: Utilize the property of semiconductor materials that the resistance changes with temperature. They are usually more accurate than thermocouples and thermistors, but also more expensive.

[0082] Infrared temperature sensor: determines the temperature of an object by measuring the infrared radiation emitted by it, without the need for direct contact with the object being measured.

[0083] Temperature sensors are widely used in many fields, including:

[0084] Industrial Process Control: In the chemical, food processing, and manufacturing industries, temperature sensors are used to monitor and control process conditions.

[0085] Environmental Monitoring: In weather stations and environmental monitoring, temperature sensors are used to collect temperature data.

[0086] Medical Devices: In medical devices such as thermometers and dialysis machines, temperature sensors are used to monitor and control temperature.

[0087] Home appliances: In home appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, and ovens, temperature sensors are used to provide a comfortable environment and ensure food safety.

[0088] Development trend of temperature sensors

[0089] The development trends of temperature sensors include:

[0090] Miniaturization, low power consumption and high precision: to meet the increasingly demanding market requirements.

[0091] Combining artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies: providing deeper analysis and prediction capabilities, and promoting further intelligence and automation in various industries.

[0092] The popularization of 5G technology will greatly improve the transmission speed and stability of temperature data, laying a more solid foundation for real-time monitoring and management.

[0093] Humidity sensors are sophisticated tools that sense, measure, and report humidity and air temperature. The working principle of humidity sensors mainly relies on detecting subtle changes in current or temperature in the air. Currently, there are three main types of humidity sensors: capacitive, resistive, and thermal. They can sensitively capture tiny changes in the atmosphere and accurately calculate the air humidity.

[0094] Types of humidity sensors:

[0095] Capacitive humidity sensor: measures humidity based on changes in capacitance, usually with high accuracy and relatively insensitive to temperature changes. Common capacitive humidity sensors use humidity-sensitive capacitors for humidity sensing.

[0096] Resistive humidity sensor: uses hygroscopic materials. When the hygroscopic material absorbs water, its resistance value changes, thereby measuring humidity. Usually, materials such as hygroresistors and thermistors are used to make humidity sensors.

[0097] Thermal Humidity Sensor: It consists of two thermal sensors that conduct electricity based on the humidity of the surrounding air. One sensor is placed in dry nitrogen while the other measures the ambient air. The difference between the two accurately measures the humidity.

[0098] Humidity sensors have a wide range of applications, including but not limited to:

[0099] Medical field: It can help monitor and prevent diseases affected by humidity.

[0100] Home environment: It can provide real-time humidity data to help take appropriate preventive measures. It is also an important part of the home heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC system).

[0101] Other places: offices, cars, humidors, museums, industrial spaces and greenhouses, as well as weather stations, provide indispensable support for our lives and work.

[0102] Modern temperature and humidity sensors use a variety of sophisticated working principles to achieve accurate measurement of humidity. Among them, sensors based on the hygroscopic properties of materials are a common design. Such sensors, such as hygroresistors and hygrocapacitors, use the polarity of water molecules. When they are adsorbed on the surface of a material, they change the electrical properties of the material, such as resistance or capacitance, thereby achieving the perception and measurement of humidity.

[0103] A vibration sensor is a device that can sense and detect the vibration signal of an object and convert it into an electrical signal output. Its working principle is based on the vibration theory and conversion mechanism of physics, and mainly includes the following types:

[0104] Piezoelectric effect: Certain materials generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress. This effect is called the piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric vibration sensors use this effect to convert the vibration of an object into an electrical signal. When the vibration causes the piezoelectric material inside the sensor to deform, an electric charge is generated on the surface of the material, which generates an electrical signal.

[0105] Electromagnetic induction: In an electromagnetic induction vibration sensor, the sensor contains magnetic material or coils. When an object vibrates, it causes the magnetic material or coil inside the sensor to move relative to another part, thereby changing the magnetic flux or current in the coil, and then generating an electrical signal.

[0106] Resistance change: Some vibration sensors work based on the principle that resistance changes with strain. When an object vibrates, the strain gauge inside the sensor will deform, causing the resistance value to change. By measuring the change in resistance value, the vibration of the object can be inferred.

[0107] Vibration sensors can be classified according to different classification criteria:

[0108] Classified by mechanical reception principle: relative vibration sensor and inertial vibration sensor.

[0109] Classified by the measured mechanical quantity: vibration displacement sensor, vibration velocity sensor, vibration acceleration sensor, vibration force sensor, vibration strain sensor, torsional vibration sensor, torque sensor.

[0110] Classification by electromechanical transformation principle: voltage vibration sensor, piezoelectric vibration sensor, eddy current vibration sensor, inductive vibration sensor, capacitive vibration sensor, resistive vibration sensor, photoelectric vibration sensor.

[0111] Vibration sensors are widely used in many fields, including but not limited to:

[0112] Industrial monitoring: used to monitor and control the vibration of mechanical equipment, prevent equipment failure and damage, and improve the operating efficiency and safety of equipment.

[0113] Automobile and motorcycle anti-theft systems: Vibration sensors are the preferred components of automobile and motorcycle anti-theft systems, which can detect vehicle vibrations and trigger alarms.

[0114] Geological Exploration: Low-frequency vibration sensors can detect weak low-frequency vibrations generated by crustal movement, helping geologists understand geological structures and seismic activity.

[0115] Bridge and building structure monitoring: It can monitor the low-frequency vibrations of bridges and buildings caused by wind loads, vehicle traffic, etc., and detect potential structural problems in a timely manner.

[0116] Shipbuilding and offshore engineering: It can monitor the low-frequency vibrations generated by ship engines and propellers to provide support for ship operation status assessment and fault diagnosis.

[0117] A displacement sensor is a device that converts the motion displacement of an object into a measurable electrical quantity. It is usually used to convert physical quantities such as displacement, position, deformation, vibration, and size that are not easy to quantitatively detect and process into electrical quantities that are easy to quantitatively detect, transmit, and process information.

[0118] According to the different forms of measured variable transformation, displacement sensors can be divided into analog and digital types. Analog sensors can be divided into physical type and structural type. Commonly used displacement sensors are mostly analog structural type, including potentiometer displacement sensors, inductive displacement sensors, synchro, capacitive displacement sensors, eddy current displacement sensors, Hall displacement sensors, etc. An important advantage of digital displacement sensors is that it is easy to send signals directly to the computer system.

[0119] Working principle of displacement sensor:

[0120] Potentiometer displacement sensor: The potentiometer element converts mechanical displacement into a resistance or voltage output that is linear or has an arbitrary function relationship with it. Ordinary linear potentiometers and circular potentiometers can be used as linear displacement and angular displacement sensors respectively. The displacement of the object causes the resistance of the moving end of the potentiometer to change. The change in resistance reflects the magnitude of the displacement, and the increase or decrease in resistance indicates the direction of the displacement.

[0121] Magnetostrictive displacement sensor: It measures the actual displacement value of the detected product by accurately detecting the absolute position of the active magnetic ring through non-contact measurement and control technology. The measuring element is a waveguide tube, and the sensitive element in the waveguide tube is made of special magnetostrictive material. The measurement process is that a current pulse is generated in the electronic chamber of the sensor, and the current pulse is transmitted in the waveguide tube, thereby generating a circumferential magnetic field outside the waveguide tube. When the magnetic field intersects with the magnetic field generated by the active magnetic ring that changes its position on the waveguide tube, a strain mechanical wave pulse signal is generated in the waveguide tube due to the effect of magnetostriction. This strain mechanical wave pulse signal is transmitted at a fixed sound speed and is quickly detected by the electronic chamber.

[0122] Displacement sensors are widely used in machine tool processing, testing instruments, automobile manufacturing, aerospace and other industries due to their advantages such as easy digitization, high precision, strong anti-interference ability, adaptability to harsh environments, easy installation and reliable use. For example, in the field of injection molding machines, displacement sensors are widely used in key links such as mold opening and closing and injection pressure control. Its high-precision measurement and stable signal transmission characteristics ensure the precise control of the injection molding process and the steady improvement of product quality. In addition, in woodworking machinery, machine tools and other industries, displacement sensors also play an important role, providing a strong guarantee for the precise operation and efficient production of equipment.

[0123] Sensor receiving equipment refers to equipment that can receive data collected by sensors and process, store and transmit them. These devices usually include data acquisition systems, wireless data acquisition instruments, PLCs (programmable logic controllers), etc.

[0124] Components of the sensor receiving device:

[0125] Sensor: responsible for collecting data from the environment or equipment, such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, flow, etc.

[0126] Data processing unit: processes the raw data and converts it into a usable format.

[0127] Wireless communication module: sends the processed data to the receiving end via wireless network, such as cloud server, mobile phone APP or computer.

[0128] The workflow of the sensor receiving device:

[0129] Data collection: The sensor collects data according to preset parameters.

[0130] Data processing: The data processing unit processes the raw data and converts it into a usable format.

[0131] Wireless transmission: The wireless communication module sends the processed data to the receiving end, such as a cloud server, mobile phone APP or computer, through a wireless network.

[0132] Sensor receiving devices are widely used in many fields such as industrial automation, environmental monitoring, water conservancy and water affairs. For example, in the context of Industry 4.0, smart sensors are used in equipment status monitoring, production process optimization and quality control. Through real-time data collection and analysis, enterprises can achieve predictive maintenance of equipment and improve production efficiency.

[0133] The installation locations and functions of each sensor are as follows:

[0134] The temperature sensor is installed on the friction surface of the large disc 2 to ensure that it works within a safe temperature range to prevent performance degradation caused by overheating.

[0135] The humidity sensor is installed on the surface of the rectangular plate 8 to monitor the humidity inside the protective housing 1 to prevent the components inside the protective housing 1 from getting damp and affecting their performance.

[0136] The vibration sensor is mounted on the rectangular plate 8 to monitor the vibration of the crossbar 6, evaluate the vibration reduction effect, and detect abnormal vibration in time.

[0137] The displacement sensor is installed on the cross bar 6 to monitor whether the cross bar 6 is displaced normally, which can improve the vibration reduction effect.

[0138] By collecting and analyzing the data from these sensors, real-time monitoring and management can be carried out, potential failure modes and trends can be identified, and preventive maintenance can be performed in advance, which not only improves the management and maintenance level, but also reduces the risk of failure.

[0139] The present invention not only improves the stability and safety of the photovoltaic support system, but also prolongs the service life, reduces maintenance costs, and ensures stable and reliable operation under various environmental conditions.

[0140] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0141] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support, characterized in that: The invention comprises a protective shell (1) arranged between two cross bars (6), wherein a friction energy dissipation component for amplifying the displacement of the cross bars (6) and consuming the displacement energy of the cross bars (6) is symmetrically arranged in the protective shell (1), and a rectangular plate (8) for sealing the protective shell (1) is arranged on the bottom surface of the protective shell (1); The friction energy dissipation component comprises an energy dissipation part which converts the kinetic energy generated by the displacement of the cross bar (6) into thermal energy. The energy dissipation part is connected to a transmission part through a vertical bar (3). The transmission part is fixedly connected to the cross bar (6). The transmission part is arranged below the energy dissipation part. The vertical bar (3) is rotatably connected to the rectangular plate (8).

2. The friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top surface of the protective shell (1) is arranged to be inclined, and the height of the middle part of the top surface of the protective shell (1) is higher than the heights of the two sides of the top surface of the protective shell (1).

3. The friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for photovoltaic bracket according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rectangular plate (8) is detachably connected to the bottom surface of the protective shell (1).

4. The friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy dissipation part comprises a large disc (2) sleeved on the vertical rod (3), two large discs (2) are arranged up and down, and opposite sides of the two large discs (2) are slidably connected.

5. The friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The large disc (2) is evenly provided with a plurality of heat dissipation holes (9).

6. The friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transmission part comprises a chain (4) fixedly connected to the side surface of one end of the cross bar (6) extending into the protective housing (1); the chain (4) is transmission-connected to a sprocket (5); and the sprocket (5) is sleeved on the vertical bar (3).

7. The friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The side of the cross bar (6) away from the chain (4) is slidably connected to a groove plate (10), and the side of the groove plate (10) away from the cross bar (6) is fixedly connected to a plurality of first bolts (11), and one end of the first bolt (11) away from the groove plate (10) is threadedly connected to a threaded barrel (12), and one end of the threaded barrel (12) away from the first bolt (11) is fixedly connected to a limiting disk (13), and the limiting disk (13) is rotatably connected to a limiting groove (14), and the limiting groove (14) is provided on the inner wall of the protective shell (1).

8. The friction energy dissipation and vibration reduction device for a photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the vertical rod (3) are rotatably connected to the top of the protective shell (1) and the rectangular plate (8) via bearings (7) respectively.

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