Methods for geological logging of vertical shaft walls

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of measuring boreholes or wells by visual inspection, and more particularly to a method for geological logging of the shaft wall of a vertical shaft, which is used to be performed during the excavation of the shaft, and comprises the following steps: S10: arranging an image acquisition device for geological logging operations in the shaft; S20: determining an initial acquisition height of the image acquisition device and setting it at the initial acquisition height; S30: acquiring a predetermined number of photos at the same height of the shaft wall; S40: moving the image acquisition device a predetermined distance so that it reaches a new position and acquires images; S50: repeating steps S20-S40 until the image acquisition of the shaft wall of the entire height of the shaft is completed. By arranging the image acquisition device in the shaft being excavated and controlling the acquisition height, images of the excavated but unlined shaft wall are acquired in the vertical and horizontal directions, thereby ensuring the timeliness of geological logging and the safety of operators during the excavation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of measuring boreholes or wells by visual inspection, and more particularly to a method of geologically logging the borehole walls of a vertical shaft. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As an important access channel in mines and other underground projects, vertical shafts usually have the function of transporting materials and personnel. At the same time, vertical shafts are also important escape routes for underground workers in case of emergency safety accidents. During the construction of vertical shafts, it is necessary to conduct detailed surveys on the surrounding rock characteristics of the shaft wall to obtain characteristic parameters such as shaft wall geology, hydrogeology, and rock mass stability, so as to evaluate the stability of the surrounding rock of the shaft wall and ensure the safety of the shaft during operation. Summary of the invention

[0004] A brief overview of the present application is provided below in order to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the present application. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive overview of the present application. It is not intended to identify the key or important parts of the present application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present application. Its purpose is merely to present certain concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description discussed later.

[0005] An embodiment of the present application provides a method for geological logging of the shaft wall of a vertical shaft, which is used to be performed during the excavation process of the vertical shaft, and includes the following steps: S10: arranging an image acquisition device in the vertical shaft for geological logging of the shaft wall; S20: determining an initial acquisition height of the image acquisition device, and setting the image acquisition device at the initial acquisition height position; S30: the image acquisition device acquires a predetermined number of photos at the same height of the shaft wall; S40: moving the image acquisition device a predetermined distance to a new position, and acquiring an image of the shaft wall at the new position; S50: repeating steps S20-S40 until the image acquisition of the shaft wall of the entire height of the vertical shaft is completed.

[0006] The method for geological logging of the shaft wall provided in the embodiment of the present application realizes the acquisition of images of the excavated but unlined shaft wall in the vertical and horizontal directions by placing image acquisition equipment in the shaft under excavation and controlling the acquisition height of the image acquisition equipment. That is, the shaft wall image information can be obtained in time after each excavation round, thereby ensuring the timeliness of geological logging during the excavation process, and also ensuring the safety of operators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] In order to further illustrate the above and other advantages and features of the present application, the specific embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings together with the following detailed description are included in this specification and form a part of this specification. Elements with the same function and structure are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be understood that these drawings only describe typical examples of the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of arranging an image acquisition device in a vertical shaft according to the method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0009] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image acquisition device used in the method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0010] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an image acquisition device used in the method provided in an embodiment of the present application to acquire an image of a well wall in a vertical direction;

[0011] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the image acquisition device used in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application to acquire the well wall image in the horizontal direction.

[0012] Reference numerals:

[0013] 100. Vertical shaft; 10. Lined shaft wall; 11. Unlined shaft wall; 12. Vertical shaft hoisting platform; 13. Vertical shaft bottom; 14. Operator; 15. Electric lifting device; 16. Lighting components; 20. Image acquisition equipment; 21. Camera; 211. Upper edge of the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens; 212. Lower edge of the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens; 213. One end of the horizontal viewing angle of the camera lens; 214. The other end of the horizontal viewing angle of the camera lens; 22. Pan / tilt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For the sake of clarity and conciseness, not all features of the actual implementation are described in the specification. However, it should be understood that many implementation-specific decisions must be made in the process of developing any such actual implementation in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as meeting those constraints related to the system and business, and these constraints may vary from implementation to implementation. In addition, it should be understood that although the development work may be very complex and time-consuming, it is only a routine task for those skilled in the art who benefit from the content of this application.

[0015] It is also necessary to explain here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present application due to unnecessary details, only the device structure and / or processing steps closely related to the scheme according to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not very relevant to the present application are omitted.

[0016] The disclosure below provides a plurality of different embodiments or examples to implement the present application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, the parts and methods of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present application. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0017] As a basic means of obtaining detailed characteristics of the surrounding rock of underground shafts and tunnels, geological logging is widely used in various types of mines and other underground engineering construction. Considering the safety during and after the construction of the shaft, the "excavation and lining" method is usually adopted in the construction of the shaft, that is, secondary lining and support are carried out after each excavation. Therefore, in order to obtain all the geological information of the shaft wall, it is necessary to carry out geological logging before lining the newly excavated shaft wall.

[0018] The inventors of the present application have discovered that a small number of devices have been designed for the photography, measurement and inspection of shaft walls of completed shafts. However, these devices generally need to operate under environmental conditions where the shaft construction is completed and there are no obvious obstacles in the shaft, and a separate lifting system needs to be installed on the surface. There is currently little research on shaft wall image acquisition devices during shaft construction, especially for shafts that adopt the "excavation and lining at the same time" excavation method. Based on this, the present application provides a method for geological cataloging of shaft walls that is suitable for the construction process.

[0019] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for logging the geology of the shaft wall of a vertical shaft, which is used in the process of digging the vertical shaft. Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the method provided by an embodiment of the present application for arranging an image acquisition device in a shaft is shown, which comprises the following steps: S10: arranging an image acquisition device 20 for geological cataloging of the shaft wall in the shaft 100; S20: determining an initial acquisition height of the image acquisition device 20, and setting the image acquisition device 20 at the initial acquisition height; S30: the image acquisition device 20 acquires a predetermined number of photos at the same height of the shaft wall; S40: moving the image acquisition device 20 a predetermined distance to a new position, and acquiring images of the shaft wall at the new position; S50: repeating steps S20-S40 until the image acquisition of the shaft wall of the entire height of the shaft 100 is completed.

[0020] The method for geological logging of the shaft wall provided in the present application realizes the acquisition of images of the unlined shaft wall 11 in the vertical and horizontal directions by placing an image acquisition device 20 in the shaft 100 under excavation and controlling the acquisition height of the image acquisition device 20. That is, the shaft wall image information can be obtained in time after each excavation round, thereby ensuring the timeliness of the geological logging during the excavation process and also ensuring the safety of the operators.

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the structure of an image acquisition device used in the method provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown. In some embodiments, for example, Figure 2 As shown, in step S10 , lighting elements 16 are provided at both ends of the image acquisition device 20 .

[0022] In some embodiments, the image acquisition device 20 is arranged to be suspended in the shaft 100, and the upper and lower surfaces of the image acquisition device 20 are fixedly connected to the lighting element 16. The lighting element 16 is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the image acquisition device 20, so that the image acquisition device 20 can obtain light from the upper and lower directions when acquiring images, preventing the collected images from being unclear due to insufficient light in the shaft 100, and the lighting element 16 is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the image acquisition device 20 instead of being arranged in the horizontal direction. Such an arrangement can extend the light radiation area longitudinally, cover the viewing angle range of the image acquisition device 20 in the vertical direction, make the light of each acquired image uniform, and prevent the appearance of dark parts or shadows. On the contrary, if the lighting element 16 is arranged at the horizontal ends of the image acquisition device 20, the light emitted by the lighting element 16 has a smaller longitudinal coverage area, cannot provide sufficient light to the image acquisition device 20, and will affect the quality of the collected well wall image; on the other hand, if the lighting element 16 is arranged in the horizontal direction, the horizontal width of the image acquisition device 20 will be increased, and it is easy to touch the well wall, affecting the stability of the image acquisition device 20, and may even cause damage to the image acquisition device 20.

[0023] In some embodiments, the lighting element 16 can be set as an LED floodlight, so that the lighting element 16 can evenly irradiate light in all directions, making the working environment of the image acquisition device 20 evenly lit, ensuring that the collected well wall image can clearly reflect the well wall characteristics.

[0024] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, in step S10 , the image acquisition device 20 includes a camera 21 and a pan / tilt platform 22 , and the pan / tilt platform 22 is configured to be able to adjust the shooting angle of the camera 21 .

[0025] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the pan-tilt platform 22 is disposed on the camera 21 , and the pan-tilt platform 22 is fixedly connected to one end of the upper portion of the lighting element 16 , so that the pan-tilt platform 22 controls the shooting angle of the camera 21 .

[0026] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, a vertical shaft hanging platform 12 is provided on the plane where the bottom of the lined shaft wall 10 and the upper part of the unlined shaft wall 11 meet, allowing an operator 14 to stand on the vertical shaft hanging platform 12 and use a mobile device to control the pan / tilt head 22, thereby driving the movement of the camera 21.

[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the image acquisition device used in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application to acquire the well wall image in the horizontal direction. In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the camera 21 is arranged with its center on the axis of the shaft 100, and one end 213 of the horizontal viewing angle of the camera lens and the other end 214 of the horizontal viewing angle of the camera lens constitute the shooting range of the camera 21 in the horizontal direction. The pan-tilt 22 has a signal transmission function, and a local area network can be established in a local space. The operator 14 uses the mobile device signal to control the pan-tilt 22 and drive the camera 21 to rotate 360° in the horizontal direction. The pan-tilt 22 can be connected to the camera 21 via a data cable to realize linkage control. The mobile device can control the shutter of the camera 21 through the pan-tilt 22 to collect images, so that the camera 21 can fully collect images of the unlined shaft wall 11 in the circumferential direction, and the captured digital images can also be sent to the mobile device through the local area network.

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the image acquisition device used in the method provided in the embodiment of the present application to acquire the image of the well wall in the vertical direction. In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, in step S10 , the image acquisition device 20 is placed on the electric lifting device 15 , and the position of the image acquisition device 20 is adjusted using the electric lifting device 15 .

[0029] The electric lifting device 15 is fixedly connected to the image acquisition device 20 through the lighting component 16, so that the image acquisition device 20 can move up and down in the vertical direction. The upper edge 211 of the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens and the lower edge 212 of the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens constitute the vertical shooting range of the camera 21. When the electric lifting device 15 drives the image acquisition device 20 to move up and down, the vertical shooting range of the camera 21 also moves relative to the unlined well wall 11, so that the camera 21 can fully capture the image of the unlined well wall 11 in the axial direction.

[0030] The images of the unlined shaft wall 11 are fully collected in the axial and circumferential directions, so as to facilitate the subsequent construction of a high-resolution three-dimensional real-life model of the shaft wall based on the collected images, and to identify and interpret the geological information revealed on the shaft wall through the model.

[0031] In some embodiments, Figure 3As shown, in step S20, the following steps are also included: S21: determine the vertical distance between the bottom of the lined shaft wall 10 and the bottom 13 of the shaft; S22: determine the radius of the circular cross-section of the shaft; S23: determine the vertical viewing angle of the camera 21 of the image acquisition device 20; S24: determine the initial acquisition height based on the vertical distance, radius and vertical viewing angle.

[0032] In some embodiments, the vertical distance, radius, vertical viewing angle, and initial acquisition height h0 satisfy the following expression: .

[0033] Wherein, h is the vertical distance between the bottom of the lined shaft wall 10 and the bottom 13 of the shaft, d is the radius of the circular cross section of the shaft, and β is the vertical viewing angle of the camera 21 of the image acquisition device 20 .

[0034] In some embodiments, β represents the angle formed by the upper edge 211 of the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens and the lower edge 212 of the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens; the vertical distance between the bottom of the lined well wall 10 and the bottom 13 of the shaft is the height of the unlined well wall 11, and the image acquisition device 20 is arranged in the wellbore formed by the unlined well wall 11, and is arranged to move vertically within the height range of the unlined well wall 11 to prevent the image information collected from being incomplete due to the small movement range, and also to prevent the shooting of too many images due to the large movement range.

[0035] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, in step S30, the following steps are also included: S31: determining the vertical viewing angle of the camera 21 lens of the image acquisition device 20; S32: determining the overlap rate between adjacent photos in the horizontal direction required for realizing the well wall geological logging; S33: determining the predetermined number based on the vertical viewing angle and the overlap rate.

[0036] In some embodiments, the vertical viewing angle, the overlap ratio, and the predetermined number N satisfy the following expression:

[0037] .

[0038] Wherein, α is the vertical viewing angle of the camera 21 of the image acquisition device 20, and R is the overlap ratio between adjacent photos in the horizontal direction required for realizing the well wall geological logging.

[0039] In some embodiments, α represents the angle formed by one end 213 of the horizontal viewing angle of the camera lens and the other end 214 of the horizontal viewing angle of the camera lens.

[0040] In some embodiments, in step S40, the predetermined distance D is determined by the following expression:

[0041] .

[0042] D is the predetermined distance that the image acquisition device 20 moves each time in the vertical direction, h is the vertical distance between the bottom of the lined well wall 10 and the bottom 13 of the shaft, d is the radius of the circular cross-section of the shaft 100, β is the vertical viewing angle of the camera 21 lens of the image acquisition device 20, and R is the overlap rate between adjacent photos in the horizontal direction required to achieve well wall geological logging.

[0043] In some embodiments, in step S10 , a predetermined direction or reference object is selected as a reference direction or reference object for photographing by the camera 21 .

[0044] The following is a specific implementation of the method for logging the wellbore geology provided in this application.

[0045] The shaft wall of a vertical shaft excavated by the "excavation and lining at the same time" method is usually divided into two states: a lined shaft wall 10 and an unlined shaft wall 11, and a shaft shaft hanging plate 12 for carrying operators is installed between the lined shaft wall 10 and the unlined shaft wall 11. The image acquisition device 20 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the shaft shaft hanging plate 12 at the center point of the circle, and the image acquisition device 20 is started to complete the self-inspection of the pan / tilt head 22 and the camera 21 to ensure that the image acquisition device 20 can operate normally, to prevent the image from not being able to be normally acquired or the acquired image from being unable to be transmitted during operation, thereby affecting the progress of the operation.

[0046] The operator 14 controls the mobile device to adjust the gimbal 22 to a horizontal state after receiving the signal, and adjusts the main optical axis of the camera 21 to a horizontal state, ensuring that the image acquisition device 20 is in a horizontal state as a whole during shooting, thereby reducing the probability of image tilt and distortion.

[0047] The operator 14 controls the remote control device to adjust the horizontal direction of the lens of the camera 21 , selects the true north direction as the reference direction for the lens of the camera 21 , and then turns on the lighting element 16 .

[0048] The electric lifting device 15 is adjusted to descend to the initial shooting height, and the remote control device is operated to control the pan / tilt 22 to drive the camera 21 to perform 360° rotation shooting to obtain image data of the unlined well wall 11 within the same horizontal range at the initial shooting height.

[0049] After completing 360° shooting at the initial shooting height, adjust the camera lens direction to restore to the reference direction of due north, adjust the electric lifting device 15 to lower the pan / tilt head 22 and the camera 21 by a predetermined distance, and keep the predetermined distance of each descent equal.

[0050] When the vertical shooting range of the image acquisition device 20 covers the entire unlined shaft wall 11 , the electric lifting device is adjusted to rise and retract, and the operator 14 evacuates the shaft 100 .

[0051] Regarding the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features therein can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0052] The above are only specific implementation methods of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for geological logging of the shaft wall of a vertical shaft, the method being used to be performed during the excavation process of the vertical shaft, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S10: Arranging an image acquisition device in the vertical shaft for performing geological logging operations on the shaft wall; S20: Determine an initial acquisition height of the image acquisition device, and set the image acquisition device at the initial acquisition height position; S30: the image acquisition device acquires a predetermined number of photos at the same height of the well wall; S40: moving the image acquisition device by a predetermined distance to a new position, and acquiring an image of the well wall at the new position; S50: repeating steps S20-S40 until the image acquisition of the shaft wall of the entire height of the shaft is completed; In step S30, the following steps are also included: S31: Determine the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens of the image acquisition device; S32: determining the overlap ratio between adjacent photos in the horizontal direction required for realizing the well wall geological logging; S33: determining the predetermined number according to the vertical viewing angle and the overlap rate; The vertical viewing angle, the overlap ratio, and the predetermined number N satisfy the following expression: ； Wherein, α is the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens of the image acquisition device, and R is the overlap ratio between adjacent photos in the horizontal direction required to realize the well wall geological cataloging.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S20, the following steps are also included: S21: Determine the vertical distance between the bottom of the lined shaft wall and the bottom of the shaft; S22: Determine the radius of the circular cross section of the shaft; S23: Determine the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens of the image acquisition device; S24: Determine the initial acquisition height according to the vertical distance, the radius, and the vertical viewing angle.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The vertical distance, the radius, the vertical viewing angle, and the initial acquisition height h0 conform to the following expression: ； Wherein, h is the vertical distance between the bottom of the lined shaft wall and the bottom of the shaft, d is the radius of the circular cross section of the shaft, and β is the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens of the image acquisition device.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S40, the predetermined distance D is determined by the following expression: ； h is the vertical distance between the bottom of the lined well wall and the bottom of the shaft, d is the radius of the circular cross-section of the shaft, β is the vertical viewing angle of the camera lens of the image acquisition device, and R is the overlap rate between adjacent photos in the horizontal direction required to achieve the geological cataloging of the well wall.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S10, lighting elements are provided at both ends of the image acquisition device.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S10, the image acquisition device includes a camera and a gimbal, and the gimbal is configured to adjust the shooting angle of the camera.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step S10, a predetermined direction or reference object is selected as a reference direction or reference object for the camera to shoot.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S10, the image acquisition device is placed on an electric lifting device, and the position of the image acquisition device is adjusted using the electric lifting device.

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