Optical element driving mechanism

Abstract

The invention provides an optical element driving mechanism. The optical element driving mechanism comprises a fixed part, a first movable part and a driving assembly. The first movable part is used for connecting the first optical element and can move relative to the fixed part. The first driving assembly is used for driving the first movable part to move relative to the fixed part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to an optical element driving mechanism. Background Art

[0002] With the development of technology, many electronic devices (such as smart phones or digital cameras) now have the function of taking photos or recording videos. These electronic devices are becoming more and more popular and are developing in the direction of convenient and thinner designs to provide users with more choices.

[0003] The aforementioned electronic devices with camera or video recording functions are usually provided with an optical element driving mechanism to drive the optical element (e.g., lens) to move along the optical axis, thereby achieving the functions of auto focus (AF) or optical image stablization (OIS). Light can pass through the aforementioned optical element to form an image on the photosensitive element. However, the current trend of mobile devices is to have a smaller size and higher durability, so how to effectively reduce the size of the optical element driving mechanism and improve its durability has become an important issue. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an optical element driving mechanism to solve at least one of the above problems.

[0005] The embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical element driving mechanism, comprising a fixed part, a first movable part, and a driving assembly. The first movable part is used to connect the first optical element and can move relative to the fixed part. The first driving assembly is used to drive the first movable part to move relative to the fixed part.

[0006] In some embodiments, the fixing portion includes a base. The base has a first recessed portion, a second recessed portion, and a first base surface. The first recessed portion and the second recessed portion are recessed from the first base surface. The first recessed portion has a first recessed portion bottom surface. The second recessed portion has a second recessed portion bottom surface. The second recessed portion surrounds the first recessed portion. The first recessed portion bottom surface is parallel to the second recessed portion bottom surface. The first base surface is parallel to the second recessed portion bottom surface. There is a spacing between the first base surface and the second recessed portion bottom surface. The spacing is less than 0.1 mm. The first recessed portion also has a first side surface and a second side surface. The first side surface is not parallel to the second side surface. The first side surface is not parallel to the first recessed portion bottom surface. The second side surface is not parallel to the first recessed portion bottom surface. The optical element driving mechanism also includes a connecting assembly. The connecting assembly includes a first connecting element. The first movable portion includes a third recessed portion. The first connecting element is disposed in the first recessed portion and the third recessed portion. The third recessed portion includes a third recessed portion bottom surface. The third recessed portion bottom surface is parallel to the first recessed portion bottom surface. The first connecting element directly contacts the first side surface, the second side surface, and the bottom surface of the third recessed portion. The first connecting element is spaced apart from the bottom surface of the first recessed portion.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first movable portion further includes a fourth recessed portion, a fifth recessed portion, and a first recessed structure. The connecting assembly further includes a second connecting element and a third connecting element. The base further includes a sixth recessed portion and a seventh recessed portion. The second connecting element is disposed in the fourth recessed portion and the sixth recessed portion. The third connecting element is disposed in the fifth recessed portion and the seventh recessed portion. The optical element driving mechanism further includes a first sensing element and an auxiliary magnetic element, which are disposed in the fixed portion. The distance between the first sensing element and the fourth recessed portion is smaller than the distance between the first sensing element and the third recessed portion. The distance between the auxiliary magnetic element and the fourth recessed portion is smaller than the distance between the auxiliary magnetic element and the third recessed portion.

[0008] In some embodiments, the fixed portion further includes an outer frame. The outer frame includes an opening. The optical element driving mechanism further includes a second movable portion, an elastic element, and a buffer element. The elastic element is disposed between the fixed portion and the second movable portion. The buffer element is disposed between the fixed portion and the second movable portion. The first movable portion and the second movable portion are arranged along the first axis. The second axis is perpendicular to the first axis. In the direction in which the second axis extends, the elastic element and the buffer element at least partially overlap. In the direction in which the second axis extends, the first recessed structure and the third recessed portion at least partially overlap. When viewed along the first axis, the elastic element and the buffer element do not overlap. In the direction in which the first axis extends, the elastic element and the second buffer element at least partially overlap.

[0009] In some embodiments, the second movable portion is used to connect the second optical element. The second movable portion includes a main body and a first side wall. The first side wall extends from the main body. The first side wall has a first groove, a second groove, and a first support portion. The first groove is adjacent to the second groove. The first groove has a first groove surface. The second groove has a second groove surface. The first groove surface is adjacent to the second groove surface. The first groove surface is not parallel to the second groove surface. The first groove surface and the second groove surface have different slopes. The first support portion extends from the first side wall on a third axis. The third axis is not parallel to the first axis. The third axis is not parallel to the second axis.

[0010] In some embodiments, the body includes a body surface, a second support portion, and a third support portion. The body surface faces the second optical element. The second support portion protrudes from the body surface. The third support portion protrudes from the body surface. The second support portion extends along a third axis. The third support portion extends along the third axis. The second support portion is on a first side of the body surface. The third support portion is on a second side of the body surface. The first side and the second side are opposite. The third axis is perpendicular to the first axis. The third axis is perpendicular to the second axis.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fixing portion further includes a first reinforcing element and a second reinforcing element, which are arranged on the base. The base further includes a second base surface. The first reinforcing element includes a first reinforcing element surface. The second reinforcing element includes a second reinforcing element surface. The first reinforcing element surface is parallel to the second reinforcing element surface. The first reinforcing element surface is parallel to the second base surface. In the direction in which the second axis extends, there is a first height difference between the second base surface and the second reinforcing element surface. In the direction in which the second axis extends, there is a second height difference between the first reinforcing element surface and the second reinforcing element surface. Both the first height difference and the second height difference are greater than zero. The second reinforcing element surface is located between the second base surface and the first reinforcing element surface. The second supporting portion is in a middle section of the first side.

[0012] In some embodiments, the optical element driving mechanism further includes a second sensing element, and in the direction in which the second axis extends, the second sensing element at least partially overlaps with the first reinforcing element. The first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element have different materials. The first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element have different magnetic permeabilities. The first reinforcing element has a first thickness. The second reinforcing element has a second thickness. The first thickness is different from the second thickness. When viewed along the second axis, the first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element do not overlap. The second reinforcing element is welded to the outer frame.

[0013] In some embodiments, the optical element driving mechanism further includes a circuit element and a first adhesive element, and the circuit element includes a first circuit element surface and a second circuit element surface. The first circuit element surface directly contacts the first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element. The second circuit element surface directly contacts the base. The first circuit element surface is opposite to the second circuit element surface. The first adhesive element is disposed on the first circuit element surface and the second circuit element surface. The magnetic permeability of the first reinforcing element is greater than the magnetic permeability of the second reinforcing element. The first thickness is less than the second thickness.

[0014] In some embodiments, when viewed along the third axis, the base includes a second recessed structure, a first positioning element, a second positioning element, and a third positioning element. The optical element driving mechanism also includes a second adhesive element and a third adhesive element. The second adhesive element is disposed between the base and the circuit element. The third adhesive element is disposed in the second recessed structure. The third adhesive element directly contacts the first positioning element. The third adhesive element directly contacts the second positioning element. The third adhesive element directly contacts the third positioning element. The third adhesive element directly contacts the second adhesive element. When viewed along the third axis, the circuit element does not overlap with the first positioning element, the second positioning element, and the third positioning element. When viewed along the third axis, the outer frame does not overlap with the first positioning element and the second positioning element. When viewed along the third axis, the outer frame at least partially overlaps with the third positioning element. When viewed along the first axis, the base also includes a protrusion exposed from the outer frame. The protrusion includes a first protrusion surface and a second protrusion surface exposed from the outer frame. The slope of the first protrusion surface is different from the slope of the second protrusion surface.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the special relative positions and size relationships of the components disclosed in the present invention can not only make the driving mechanism thinner in a specific direction and smaller as a whole, but also further improve the optical quality of the system (such as shooting quality or depth sensing accuracy, etc.) by matching different optical modules, and further utilize each optical module to achieve a multiple anti-shake system to greatly improve the anti-shake effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in accordance with standard practice in the industry, various features are not shown in proportion and are only used for illustration. In fact, the size of the elements may be arbitrarily enlarged or reduced to clearly show the features of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1A It is a schematic diagram of the optical element driving mechanism.

[0018] Figure 1B It is an exploded diagram of the optical element drive mechanism.

[0019] Figure 1CIt is a top view of the optical element driving mechanism.

[0020] Figure 1D It is a side view of the optical element driving mechanism.

[0021] Figure 1E It is a schematic diagram of the optical element driving mechanism.

[0022] Figure 2A It is along Figure 1C The line segment AA shows the cross-sectional view.

[0023] Figure 2B yes Figure 2A Magnified view of the area.

[0024] Figure 2C It is along Figure 1C The line segment BB shows the cross-sectional view.

[0025] Figure 2D yes Figure 2C Magnified view of the area.

[0026] Figure 2E yes Figure 2C Magnified view of the area.

[0027] Figure 2F It is along Figure 1C The line segment CC shows the cross-sectional view.

[0028] Figure 2G It is along Figure 1C The line segment DD shows the cross-sectional view.

[0029] Figure 2H It is along Figure 1C The cross-sectional view shown by line segment EE,

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of some components of the optical element drive mechanism.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of some components of the optical element drive mechanism.

[0032] Figure 5A , Figure 5B It is a schematic diagram of the second movable portion and the second optical element when viewed from different directions.

[0033] Figure 5C It is along Figure 5B The line segments show the cross-sectional views.

[0034] Fig. 6A It is a bottom view of the optical element drive mechanism.

[0035] Figure 6B is along Fig. 6A The line segment GG shows the cross-sectional view.

[0036] Figure 6C yes Figure 6B Magnified view of the area.

[0037] Figure 7 4 is a bottom view of an optical element driving mechanism according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Fig. 8A , Figure 8B , Figure 8C It is a schematic diagram of some components of the optical element drive mechanism.

[0039] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0040] 1000: Optical element drive mechanism

[0041] 1100:Fixed part

[0042] 1110: Outer frame

[0043] 1111: Open your mouth

[0044] 1120: Base

[0045] 1121: first recessed portion

[0046] 1122: second recessed portion

[0047] 1123: Bottom surface of first recessed portion

[0048] 1124: Bottom surface of second recessed portion

[0049] 1125: first base surface

[0050] 1126: First side

[0051] 1127: Second side

[0052] 1128: Second base surface

[0053] 1130: protrusion

[0054] 1131: first protrusion surface

[0055] 1132: Second protrusion surface

[0056] 1141: Sixth recessed portion

[0057] 1142: Seventh recessed portion

[0058] 1151: first positioning element

[0059] 1152: Second positioning element

[0060] 1153: Third positioning element

[0061] 1154: Second recessed structure

[0062] 1210: First Activity Department

[0063] 1211: third recessed portion

[0064] 1212: Fourth recessed portion

[0065] 1213: Fifth recessed portion

[0066] 1214: first recessed structure

[0067] 1215: Bottom surface of the third recessed portion

[0068] 1220: Second Activity Department

[0069] 1221: Main body

[0070] 1222: Main body surface

[0071] 1223: first side wall

[0072] 1224: first support part

[0073] 1225: Second support portion

[0074] 1226: Third support part

[0075] 1227: First side

[0076] 1228: Second side

[0077] 1229: first side wall surface

[0078] 1231: First groove

[0079] 1232: Second groove

[0080] 1233: first groove surface

[0081] 1234: second groove surface

[0082] 1310: first drive assembly

[0083] 1311: first magnetic element

[0084] 1312: first magnetic element

[0085] 1320: Second drive assembly

[0086] 1321: Second magnetic element

[0087] 1322: Second drive coil

[0088] 1323: Third magnetic element

[0089] 1324: Third drive coil

[0090] 1330: Auxiliary magnetic components

[0091] 1341: first sensing element

[0092] 1342: Second sensing element

[0093] 1400: Connecting components

[0094] 1401: First connecting element

[0095] 1402: Second connecting element

[0096] 1403: Third connecting element

[0097] 1410, 1410': first reinforcement element

[0098] 1411: Surface of first reinforcing element

[0099] 1420: Second reinforcement element

[0100] 1421: Surface of the second reinforcing element

[0101] 1431: first bonding element

[0102] 1432: Second bonding element

[0103] 1433: Third bonding element

[0104] 1510: Circuit Components

[0105] 1511: first circuit element surface

[0106] 1512: second circuit element surface

[0107] 1520: Elastic element

[0108] 1530:Intermediate Component

[0109] 1540: First cushioning element

[0110] 1541: Second cushioning element

[0111] 1551: First reinforcement element

[0112] 1552: Second reinforcement element

[0113] 1810: First optical element

[0114] 1820: Second optical element

[0115] 1901: First Axis

[0116] 1902: Second Axis

[0117] 1903: The Third Axis

[0118] 1911,1912,1913,1914: Distance

[0119] 1915: Spacing

[0120] 1921,1922,1923,1924: Region

[0121] 1931: The first height difference

[0122] 1932: The Second Height Difference

[0123] 1933: First Thickness

[0124] 1934: Second Thickness

[0125] X,Y,Z: coordinates DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0126] Many different implementation methods or examples are disclosed below to implement the different features of the provided subject matter. The following describes specific embodiments of the components and their arrangements to illustrate the present disclosure. Of course, these embodiments are only for illustration and should not be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. For example, it is mentioned in the specification that the first characteristic component is formed on the second characteristic component, which may include an embodiment in which the first characteristic component and the second characteristic component are in direct contact, and may also include an embodiment in which there are other features between the first characteristic component and the second characteristic component. In other words, the first characteristic component and the second characteristic component are not in direct contact.

[0127] In addition, repeated numbers or marks may be used in different embodiments, and these repetitions are only for the purpose of simply and clearly describing the present disclosure, and do not represent a specific relationship between the different embodiments and / or structures discussed. In addition, in the present disclosure, forming, connecting to and / or coupling to another feature component on another feature component may include an embodiment in which the feature component is formed to be in direct contact, and may also include an embodiment in which an additional feature component inserted into the above-mentioned feature component can be formed, so that the above-mentioned feature component may not be in direct contact. In addition, space-related words may be used, such as "vertical", "above", "up", "below", "bottom" and similar words (such as "downwardly", "upwardly", etc.), these space-related words are for the convenience of describing the relationship between one (some) element or feature and another (some) element or feature in the diagram, and these space-related words are intended to cover different directions of the device including the feature.

[0128] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It is understood that these terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the background or context of the relevant technology and the present disclosure, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal manner unless specifically defined herein.

[0129] Furthermore, the ordinal numbers used in the specification and claims, such as "first", "second", etc., to modify the elements of the claims, do not themselves imply or represent any previous ordinal number of the requested element, nor do they represent the order of one requested element and another requested element, or the order in the manufacturing method. The use of multiple ordinals is only used to clearly distinguish a requested element with a certain name from another requested element with the same name.

[0130] In addition, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, terms such as "connection" and "interconnection" may refer to two structures being in direct contact with each other, or two structures not being in direct contact with each other, and other structures being disposed between the two structures, unless otherwise specified. Such terms may also include situations where both structures are movable or both structures are fixed.

[0131] The present disclosure provides an optical element driving mechanism for driving an optical element to move. For example, Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the optical element driving mechanism 1000. Figure 1B is an exploded view of the optical element driving mechanism 1000. Figure 1C 1000 is a top view of the optical element driving mechanism 1000 . Figure 1D is a side view of the optical element driving mechanism 1000. Figure 1E is a schematic diagram of the optical element driving mechanism 1000.

[0132] like Figures 1A to 1E As shown, the optical element driving mechanism 1000 may mainly include a fixed part 1100 (including an outer frame 1110 and a base 1120), a first movable part 1210, a second movable part 1220, a first driving component 1310, a second driving component 1320, a connecting component 1400, a circuit element 1510, an elastic element 1520, an intermediate element 1530, and a first reinforcing element 1551, which are used to drive the first optical element 1810 and the second optical element 1820 to move.

[0133] In some embodiments, the first optical element 1810 and the second optical element 1820 may be, for example, a lens, a mirror, a prism, a reflective polished surface, an optical coating, a beam splitter, an aperture, a liquid lens, an image sensor, a camera module, a ranging module, etc. It should be noted that the definition of optical elements here is not limited to elements related to visible light, and elements related to invisible light (such as infrared light, ultraviolet light) may also be included in the present disclosure.

[0134] In some embodiments, the outer frame 1110 and the base 1120 can be combined with each other to form a housing of the optical element driving mechanism 1000, and other elements of the optical element driving mechanism 1000 can be arranged in the housing formed by the outer frame 1110 and the base 1120 to protect other elements. For example, the base 1120 can be fixedly connected to the outer frame 1110. The first optical element 1810, the second optical element 1820 and the photosensitive element (not shown) arranged in the optical element driving mechanism 1000 are focused. In some embodiments, the outer frame 1110 can have an opening 1111, and a portion of the second optical element 1820 can be exposed when observed along the Z axis to allow light to enter the optical element driving mechanism 1000 from the opening 1111 and reach the second optical element 1820. Then, the second optical element 1820 can change the direction of the light so that the light reaches the first optical element 1810, and then reaches the photosensitive element (not shown).

[0135] In some embodiments, the first movable portion 1210 and the second movable portion 1220 may be disposed in the fixed portion 1100 and respectively connected to the first optical element 1810 and the second optical element 1820. For example, the first movable portion 1210 may have a through hole, and the first optical element 1810 may be fixed in the through hole to allow the first optical element 1810 and the first movable portion 1210 to move relative to the fixed portion 1100. The second optical element 1820 may also be disposed on the second movable portion 1220 and move relative to the fixed portion along with the second movable portion 1220. In addition, the first optical element 1810 and the second optical element 1820 may also move relative to each other.

[0136] In some embodiments, the first driving component 1310 can be used to drive the first movable part 1210 to move relative to the fixed part 1100, and the second driving component 1320 can be used to drive the second movable part 1220 to move relative to the fixed part 1100 to achieve auto focus (AF) or optical image stabilization (OIS) effects.

[0137] In some embodiments, the connecting component 1400 may be disposed between the first movable portion 1210 and the fixed portion 1100 to enable the first movable portion 1210 to be movably connected to the fixed portion 1100 .

[0138] In some embodiments, the circuit element 1510 is, for example, a flexible printed circuit (FPC), the first driving component 1310 and the second driving component 1320 can be fixed on the circuit element 1510 by adhesion, and the circuit element 1510 can be arranged between the fixed part 1100 and the movable part 1200.

[0139] In this embodiment, the circuit element 1510 is electrically connected to other electronic components disposed inside or outside the optical element driving mechanism 1000, thereby controlling the movement of the first movable part 1210 and the second movable part 1220 on the X, Y, and Z axes, thereby realizing the functions of auto focus (AF) or optical image stabilization (OIS).

[0140] In some embodiments, the elastic element 1520 may include a metal material, for example, and the intermediate element 1530 may include a spherical surface for movably connecting the fixed portion 1100 and the second movable portion 1220, thereby allowing the second movable portion 1220 and the second optical element 1820 disposed on the second movable portion 1220 to move relative to the fixed portion 1100.

[0141] In some embodiments, Figure 1D , Figure 1E As shown, when observed along the X-axis, the base 1120 includes a protrusion 1130 exposed from the outer frame 1110, and the protrusion 1130 may include a first protrusion surface 1131 and a second protrusion surface 1132 exposed from the outer frame 1110, and the slopes of the first protrusion surface 1131 and the second protrusion surface 1132 are different, thereby allowing the outer frame 1110 to be more conveniently assembled with the base 1120.

[0142] Figure 2A It is along Figure 1C The line segment AA shows the cross-sectional view, while Figure 2B yes Figure 2A An enlarged view of area 1921. Figure 2C It is along Figure 1C The line segment BB shows the cross-section, and Figure 2D yes Figure 2C An enlarged view of the area 1922. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D As shown, the base 1120 may include a first recessed portion 1121 and a second recessed portion 1122, and the first movable portion 1210 may include a third recessed portion 1211. The third recessed portion 1211 may be opposite to the first recessed portion 1121 and the second recessed portion 1122, for example, at least partially overlapped on the Z axis, and may be used to accommodate the first connecting element 1401 of the connecting assembly 1400. In other words, the first connecting element 1401 may be disposed in the first recessed portion 1121 and the third recessed portion 1211 to movably connect the first movable portion 1210 and the fixed portion 1100 (for example, the base 1120).

[0143] In some embodiments, the first recessed portion 1121 and the second recessed portion 1122 may be recessed from the first base surface 1125 of the base 1120, and the second recessed portion 1122 may surround the first recessed portion 1121. Specifically, the first recessed portion 1121 may have a first recessed portion bottom surface 1123, the second recessed portion 1122 may have a second recessed portion bottom surface 1124, and the first recessed portion bottom surface 1123, the second recessed portion bottom surface 1124, and the first base surface 1125 may be parallel to each other, for example, all have normal vectors parallel to the Z axis.

[0144] In some embodiments, there may be a spacing 1915 between the bottom surface 1123 of the first recessed portion and the bottom surface 1124 of the second recessed portion, and the spacing 1915 may be less than 0.1 mm and may be greater than 0 mm, for example, 0.01 mm, 0.03 mm, etc. In some embodiments, a lubricating material (not shown) may be provided on each element of the connecting component 1400 (for example, the first connecting element 1401) to reduce the friction between the connecting component 1400 and the base 1120 and the first movable portion 1210, and the bottom surface 1124 of the second recessed portion may be used to accommodate excess lubricating material to prevent the excess lubricating material from overflowing.

[0145] In some embodiments, the first recessed portion 1121 may further include a first side surface 1126 and a second side surface 1127, connecting the first recessed portion bottom surface 1123 and the second recessed portion bottom surface 1124, and the first connecting element 1401 may directly contact the first side surface 1126 and the second side surface 1127, but not contact the first recessed portion bottom surface 1123 and the second recessed portion bottom surface 1124. In some embodiments, the first side surface 1126 and the second side surface 1127 are not parallel to the first recessed portion bottom surface 1123. In some embodiments, the third recessed portion 1211 may have a third recessed portion bottom surface 1215, which is parallel to the first recessed portion bottom surface 1123 and directly contacts the first connecting element 1401. Through this configuration, the position of the first connecting element 1401 in the Y direction relative to the base 1120 can be fixed. Since the first movable part 1210 is connected to the first connecting element only by the bottom surface 1215 of the third recessed part, the position of the first movable part 1210 in the Y direction relative to the first connecting element 1401 is adjustable, which can prevent tolerances during production from affecting the assembly of various components.

[0146] Figure 2E yes Figure 2C An enlarged view of the area 1923. Figure 2E As shown, a second adhesive element 1432 may be further disposed between the circuit element 1510 and the base 1120 to fix the relative position of the circuit element 1510 and the base 1120 .

[0147] Figure 2F It is along Figure 1C The cross-sectional view is shown by the line segment CC. Figure 2F As shown, the first movable portion 1210 and the second movable portion 1220 may be arranged along the first axis 1901, and the opening 1111 and the second optical element 1820 may be arranged along the second axis 1902, and the first axis 1901 and the second axis 1902 may not be parallel to each other, for example, they may be perpendicular to each other. That is, after the external light reaches the second optical element 1820 from the opening 1111 along the second axis 1902, the second optical element 1820 may change the direction of the light so that the light reaches the first optical element 1810 along the first axis 1901. Thus, the size of the optical element driving mechanism along the second axis 1902 can be reduced, thereby achieving miniaturization.

[0148] In some embodiments, the elastic element 1520 may be disposed between the second movable portion 1220 and the base 1120 to movably connect the second movable portion 1220 and the base 1120. The second reinforcing element 1552 may be disposed in the second movable portion 1220, for example, embedded in the second movable portion 1220, and may have a different material from the second movable portion 1220. For example, the material of the second movable portion 1220 may include plastic, and the material of the second reinforcing element 1552 may include metal. The material of the first reinforcing element 1551 may also include metal.

[0149] In some embodiments, the intermediate element 1530 may be disposed between the first reinforcing element 1551 and the second reinforcing element 1552, and may be movable relative to one of them and fixed relative to the other. For example, the intermediate element 1530 may be fixed to the second reinforcing element 1552 and may be movable relative to the first reinforcing element 1551, or may be fixed to the first reinforcing element 1551 and may be movable relative to the second reinforcing element 1552, depending on the design requirements. Thus, the second movable portion 1220 may be allowed to be movably connected to the fixed portion 1100, and the friction between the second movable portion 1220 and the fixed portion 1100 may be reduced. In some embodiments, the material of the intermediate element 1530 may include ceramics. In some embodiments, the hardness of the intermediate element 1530 may be greater than the hardness of the first reinforcing element 1551 and the second reinforcing element 1552, so as to have better durability.

[0150] Figure 2G It is along Figure 1C The line segment DD shows the cross-sectional view. Figure 2A , Figure 2C , Figure 2G As shown, the first movable part 1210 may also have a fourth recessed part 1212 and a fifth recessed part 1213, and the base 1120 may also have a sixth recessed part 1141 and a seventh recessed part 1142. The connecting assembly 1400 may also include a second connecting element 1402 and a third connecting element 1403, the second connecting element 1402 may be disposed in the fourth recessed part 1212 and the sixth recessed part 1141, and the third connecting element 1403 may be disposed in the fifth recessed part 1213 and the seventh recessed part 1142, so as to reduce the friction force when the first movable part 1210 moves relative to the base 1120. In addition, a second buffer element 1541 may be disposed between the first movable part 1210 and the base 1120 to absorb impact and reduce abnormal sound, and may also protect the first movable part 1210 from damage. The second buffer element 1541 may, for example, include a soft material.

[0151] like Figure 2A , Figure 2CAs shown, when viewed along the X-axis, the shapes of the third recessed portion 1211 and the fourth recessed portion 1212 may be different from each other, for example, the fourth recessed portion 1212 may have a substantially V-shaped cross-section, thereby limiting the position of the second connecting element 1402 relative to the first movable portion 1210 on the Y-axis, while the third recessed portion 1211 may allow the first connecting element 1401 to move relative to the first movable portion 1210 on the Y-axis. The fifth recessed portion 1213 may also have a structure similar to that of the fourth recessed portion 1212, which will not be described in detail herein.

[0152] Figure 2H It is along Figure 1C The line segment EE shows the cross-sectional view, and Figure 3 1 is a schematic diagram of some components of the optical element driving mechanism 1000. In some embodiments, Figure 2H , Figure 3 As shown, the first recessed portion 1121, the sixth recessed portion 1141, and the seventh recessed portion 1142 may have a long strip shape and may extend along the first axis 1901 (parallel to the X-axis), and the third recessed portion 1211, the fourth recessed portion 1212, and the fifth recessed portion 1213 may also extend along the first axis 1901. In addition, since the first connecting element 1401, the second connecting element 1402, and the third connecting element 1403 of the connecting assembly 1400 are respectively disposed in the first recessed portion 1121, the sixth recessed portion 1141, and the seventh recessed portion 1142, and are respectively disposed in the third recessed portion 1211, the fourth recessed portion 1212, and the fifth recessed portion 1213, the first movable portion 1210 may be allowed to move relative to the fixed portion 1100 in the direction in which the first axis 1901 extends, so as to achieve an auto-focusing effect. In some embodiments, as Figure 3 As shown, in the direction in which the first axis 1901 extends, the elastic element 1520 and the second buffer element 1541 at least partially overlap, so as to reduce the size of the optical element driving mechanism 1000 in other directions and achieve miniaturization.

[0153] In some embodiments, Figure 2A , Figure 2C As shown, the first driving component 1310 may include a first magnetic element 1311 and a first driving coil 1312, which are respectively disposed on the first movable portion 1210 and the base 1120, or their positions may be interchanged, depending on design requirements. When the first driving coil 1312 is energized, the first magnetic element 1311 and the first driving coil 1312 may generate an electromagnetic driving force to drive the first movable portion 1210 to move relative to the fixed portion 1100.

[0154] In some embodiments, Figure 2HAs shown, the second driving component 1320 may include a second magnetic element 1321, a second driving coil 1322, a third magnetic element 1323, and a third driving coil 1324, wherein the second magnetic element 1321 and the third magnetic element 1323 may be disposed on the second movable portion 1220, and the second driving coil 1322 and the third driving coil 1324 may be disposed on the base 1120, or their positions may be interchanged, depending on design requirements. When the second driving coil 1322 and the third driving coil 1324 are energized, electromagnetic driving forces may be generated between the second magnetic element 1321 and the third magnetic element 1323, respectively, to drive the second movable portion 1220 to move relative to the fixed portion 1100.

[0155] In some embodiments, Figure 2C As shown, a first sensing element 1341 may be provided in the first driving coil 1312, and the first sensing element 1341 may be provided on the circuit element 1510 to sense the magnetic field change of the first magnetic element 1311, so as to obtain the position of the first movable part 1210 relative to the fixed part 1100. In some embodiments, the first sensing element 1341 may include a Hall effect sensor, a magnetoresistance effect sensor (Magnetoresistance Effect Sensor, MR Sensor), a giant magnetoresistance effect sensor (Giant Magnetoresistance Effect Sensor, GMR Sensor), a tunneling magnetoresistance effect sensor (Tunneling Magnetoresistance Effect Sensor, TMR Sensor), or a fluxgate sensor.

[0156] In some embodiments, Figure 2A As shown, the first movable portion 1210 may further include a first recessed structure 1214, which at least partially overlaps with the third recessed portion 1211 on the Z axis to reduce the weight of the first movable portion 1210. In order to balance the two sides of the first movable portion 1210, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. Figure 2A , Figure 3 As shown, an additional auxiliary magnetic element 1330 may be disposed on the fixed portion 1100, adjacent to the first magnetic element 1311, to provide an attractive force to stabilize the position of the first movable portion 1210 relative to the fixed portion 1100. Figure 2A , Figure 2CAs shown, the distance 1911 between the auxiliary magnetic element 1330 and the fourth recessed portion 1212 is smaller than the distance 1912 between the auxiliary magnetic element 1330 and the third recessed portion 1211, and the distance 1913 between the first sensing element 1341 and the fourth recessed portion 1212 is smaller than the distance 1914 between the first sensing element 1341 and the third recessed portion 1211. In other words, the first sensing element 1341 and the auxiliary magnetic element 1330 can be closer to the fourth recessed portion 1212 to obtain better sensing and attraction effects.

[0157] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of some components of the optical element driving mechanism 1000. Figure 2F , Figure 4 As shown, the optical element driving mechanism 1000 may further include a first buffer element 1540, which is disposed between the fixed portion 1100 and the second movable portion 1220. The first buffer element 1540 may include, for example, gel to absorb abnormal vibrations that may be generated when the second movable portion 1220 moves relative to the fixed portion 1100. In addition, when observed along the first axis 1901, the elastic element 1520 and the first buffer element 1540 do not overlap, but in the direction in which the second axis 1902 extends, the elastic element 1520 and the first buffer element 1540 may at least partially overlap, so as to reduce the size in other directions and achieve miniaturization.

[0158] Figure 5A , Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the second movable portion 1220 and the second optical element 1820 when viewed from different directions, and Figure 5C It is along Figure 5B The line segments show the cross-section diagram. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C As shown, the second movable portion 1220 may include a body 1221 and a first side wall 1223, and the first side wall 1223 extends from the body 1221. The first side wall 1223 may have a first support portion 1224, and a body surface 1222 of the body 1221 may face the second optical element 1820, and may have a protruding second support portion 1225 and a third support portion 1226 on the body surface 1222.

[0159] The second optical element 1820 may directly contact the first support portion 1224, the second support portion 1225, and the third support portion 1226 to define the position of the second optical element 1820. Figure 5B As shown, the first support portion 1224 may extend along the third axis 1903 , wherein the third axis 1903 may not be parallel to the first axis 1901 and the second axis 1902 , for example, may be perpendicular to each other.

[0160] In some embodiments, Figure 5CAs shown, the main body surface 1222 of the main body 1221 may have an inclined structure, and when the second optical element 1820 is placed on the second movable portion 1220, the second optical element 1820 will slide downward due to gravity until it abuts against the first supporting portion 1224 to define the position of the second optical element 1820 relative to the second movable portion 1220. In some embodiments, as Figure 5B As shown, the second support portion 1225 and the third support portion 1226 may have a long strip shape and may extend along the third axis 1903. Specifically, the second support portion 1225 may be located at the middle section of the first side 1227 of the main body surface 1222, and the third support portion 1226 may be located at the second side 1228 of the main body surface 1222, wherein the first side 1227 and the second side 1228 may be located at opposite sides of the main body surface 1222.

[0161] In addition, the first sidewall 1223 may further include a first groove 1231 and a second groove 1232, the first groove 1231 may be adjacent to the second groove 1232, and the first groove 1231 and the second groove 1232 may respectively have a first groove surface 1233 and a second groove surface 1234 adjacent to each other. The first groove 1231 and the second groove 1232 may be recessed from the first sidewall surface 1229 of the first sidewall 1223, and the first groove surface 1233 and the second groove surface 1234 are not parallel to the first sidewall surface 1229, and the first groove surface 1233 and the second groove surface 1234 are not parallel to each other, for example, the first groove surface 1233 may have different slopes.

[0162] In some embodiments, a bonding element (not shown) may be provided in the first groove 1231 and the second groove 1232, such as light curing glue, heat curing glue, moisture curing glue, AB glue (acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane, etc.), but not limited thereto. When the bonding element is provided to the second groove 1232, the bonding element may flow along the first groove 1231 to between the second movable portion 1220 and the second optical element 1820 to fix the second optical element 1820 and the second movable portion 1220. By designing the first groove 1231 and the second groove 1232, the bonding area between the bonding element and the second movable portion 1220 may be increased, thereby enhancing the bonding strength.

[0163] Fig. 6A is a bottom view of the optical element driving mechanism 1000, Figure 6B is along Fig. 6A The line segment GG shows the cross-section, and Figure 6C yes Figure 6B An enlarged view of the area 1924. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6CAs shown, the optical element driving mechanism 1000 may further include a first reinforcing element 1410 and a second reinforcing element 1420, which are disposed on the bottom surface of the base 1120 to protect specific elements.

[0164] like Figure 6C As shown, in some embodiments, the first reinforcing element 1410 may have a first reinforcing element surface 1411, the second reinforcing element 1420 may have a second reinforcing element surface 1421, and the base 1120 may have a second base surface 1128, wherein the second base surface 1128, the first reinforcing element surface 1411, and the second reinforcing element surface 1421 may be parallel to each other, facing the same direction, but located on different planes. Specifically, in the direction in which the second axis 1902 extends (in the Z direction), there may be a first height difference 1931 between the second base surface 1128 and the second reinforcing element surface 1421, and there may be a second height difference 1932 between the first reinforcing element surface 1411 and the second reinforcing element surface 1421, and both the first height difference 1931 and the second height difference 1932 are greater than 0. The second reinforcing element surface 1421 is located between the second base surface 1128 and the first reinforcing element surface 1411.

[0165] In some embodiments, Figure 2F , Figure 6C As shown, a second sensing element 1342 may be provided in the second driving coil 1322 to sense the magnetic field of the second magnetic element 1321, thereby obtaining the position of the second movable portion 1220 relative to the fixed portion 1100. In some embodiments, in the direction in which the second axis 1902 extends, the second sensing element 1342 and the first reinforcing element 1410 may at least partially overlap, thereby allowing the first reinforcing element 1410 to be used to protect the second sensing element 1342 from external impact. In some embodiments, the first reinforcing element 1410 and the second reinforcing element 1420 are provided on the circuit element 1510. The second reinforcing element 1420 may be fixed to the outer frame 1110, for example, by laser welding. The second sensing element 1342 may include a sensing element that is the same as or similar to the aforementioned first sensing element 1341, which will not be described in detail herein.

[0166] In some embodiments, the first reinforcing element 1410 and the second reinforcing element 1420 may have different materials, such as different metals. In some embodiments, the first reinforcing element 1410 and the second reinforcing element 1420 may have different magnetic permeabilities, such as the magnetic permeability of the first reinforcing element 1410 may be greater than the magnetic permeability of the second reinforcing element 1420. Thus, the second sensing element 1342 may be prevented from being interfered with by external magnetic interference.

[0167] In some embodiments, the first reinforcing element 1410 may have a first thickness 1933, the second reinforcing element 1420 may have a second thickness 1934, and the first thickness 1933 and the second thickness 1934 are different from each other, for example, the first thickness 1933 may be less than the second thickness 1934. In some embodiments, as Fig. 6A As shown, when viewed along the second axis 1902 , the first reinforcing element 1410 and the second reinforcing element 1420 do not overlap each other, so as to reduce the size on the Z axis and achieve miniaturization.

[0168] In some embodiments, the first circuit element 1510 may include a first circuit element surface 1511 and a second circuit element surface 1512 opposite to each other, facing the first reinforcing element 1410 and the base 1120 respectively, for example, the first circuit element surface 1511 directly contacts the first reinforcing element 1410 and the second reinforcing element 1420, while the second circuit element surface 1512 directly contacts the base 1120. A first adhesive element 1431 may be disposed on both the first circuit element surface 1511 and the second circuit element surface 1512 to fix the first circuit element 1510 to other elements.

[0169] Although the above embodiments disclose an embodiment including the first reinforcing element 1410 and the second reinforcing element 1420, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, Figure 7 14 is a bottom view of an optical element driving mechanism according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which includes a single first reinforcing element 1410 ′ but does not have a second reinforcing element, depending on design requirements.

[0170] Fig. 8A , Figure 8B , Figure 8C 1 is a schematic diagram of some components of the optical element driving mechanism 1000, wherein different components are shown separately to better describe the positional relationship between the components. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8C As shown, when viewed along the third axis 1903, the base 1120 may include a first positioning element 1151, a second positioning element 1152, a third positioning element 1153, and a second recessed structure 1154, and the optical element driving mechanism 1000 may also include a second adhesive element 1432 and a third adhesive element 1433. The second adhesive element 1432 is disposed between the circuit element 1510 and the base 1120, and the third adhesive element 1433 may be disposed in the second recessed structure 1154 and may directly contact the first positioning element 1151, the second positioning element 1152, and the third positioning element 1153.

[0171] In some embodiments, the second adhesive element 1432 and the third adhesive element 1433 may include different materials. For example, the second adhesive element 1432 may be used to preliminarily fix the base 1120 and other elements, and then the third adhesive element 1433 may be used to further fix them. The first positioning element 1151, the second positioning element 1152, and the third positioning element 1153 may protrude from the side of the base 1120, and the second recessed structure 1154 may be set at the corner of the base 1120 to accommodate the redundant third adhesive element 1433.

[0172] In some embodiments, when viewed along the third axis 1903, Figure 8B As shown, the circuit element 1510 does not overlap with the first positioning element 1151, the second positioning element 1152, and the third positioning element 1153, and may have a recess or opening corresponding to the first positioning element 1151, the second positioning element 1152, and the third positioning element 1153, so that the circuit element 1510 can be positioned relative to the base 1120 during assembly through the first positioning element 1151, the second positioning element 1152, and the third positioning element 1153. In addition, as Fig. 8A As shown, when observed along the third axis 1903 , the first positioning element 1151 and the second positioning element 1152 may not overlap with the outer frame 1110 , while the third positioning element 1153 at least partially overlaps with the outer frame 1110 , that is, the first positioning element 1151 and the second positioning element 1152 may be exposed from the outer frame 1110 .

[0173] Through the design of each embodiment of the present invention, a single set of fixed parts 1100 can be used to correspond to two different first movable parts 1210 and second movable parts 1220. For example, the first movable part 1210 and the second movable part 1220 can be arranged between the outer frame 1110 and the base 1120, thereby reducing the number of parts of the optical element driving mechanism 1000 and making the assembly process faster.

[0174] In summary, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical element driving mechanism, including a fixed portion, a first movable portion, and a driving assembly. The first movable portion is used to connect the first optical element and can move relative to the fixed portion. The first driving assembly is used to drive the first movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. Thus, effects such as autofocus, optical image stabilization, and zoom can be achieved, and miniaturization can also be achieved.

[0175] The special relative positions and size relationships of the components disclosed in the present invention not only enable the driving mechanism to be thinner in a specific direction and smaller overall, but also further enhance the optical quality (such as shooting quality or depth sensing accuracy) of the system by matching different optical modules, and further utilize each optical module to achieve a multiple anti-shake system to greatly enhance the anti-shake effect.

[0176] Although the embodiments and advantages of the present disclosure have been disclosed as above, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make changes, substitutions and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited to the processes, machines, manufactures, material compositions, devices, methods and steps in the specific embodiments described in the specification, and any technician in the relevant technical field can understand the current or future developed processes, machines, manufactures, material compositions, devices, methods and steps from the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as they can implement substantially the same functions or obtain substantially the same results in the embodiments described herein, they can all be used according to the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure includes the above-mentioned processes, machines, manufactures, material compositions, devices, methods and steps. In addition, each claim constitutes an individual embodiment, and the scope of protection of the present disclosure also includes the combination of each claim and embodiment.

Claims

1. An optical element driving mechanism, comprising: a fixing portion; A first movable portion, used to connect a first optical element and movable relative to the fixed portion; as well as A first driving component is used to drive the first movable part to move relative to the fixed part.

2. The optical element driving mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising a connecting assembly, wherein: The fixing portion includes a base; The base has a first recessed portion, a second recessed portion, and a first base surface; The first recessed portion and the second recessed portion are recessed from the first base surface; The first recessed portion has a first recessed portion bottom surface; The second recessed portion has a second recessed portion bottom surface; The second recessed portion surrounds the first recessed portion; The bottom surface of the first recessed portion is parallel to the bottom surface of the second recessed portion; The first base surface is parallel to the bottom surface of the second recessed portion; There is a distance between the first base surface and the bottom surface of the second recessed portion; This spacing is less than 0.1 mm; The first recessed portion also has a first side surface and a second side surface; The first side surface is not parallel to the second side surface; The first side surface is not parallel to the bottom surface of the first recessed portion; The second side surface is not parallel to the bottom surface of the first recessed portion; The connection assembly includes a first connection element; The first movable portion includes a third recessed portion; The first connecting element is disposed in the first recessed portion and the third recessed portion; The third recessed portion includes a third recessed portion bottom surface; The bottom surface of the third recessed portion is parallel to the bottom surface of the first recessed portion; The first connecting element directly contacts the first side surface, the second side surface, and the bottom surface of the third recessed portion; The first connecting element is spaced apart from the bottom surface of the first recessed portion.

3. The optical element driving mechanism according to claim 2, wherein: The first movable portion further includes a fourth recessed portion, a fifth recessed portion, and a first recessed structure; The connection assembly also includes a second connection element and a third connection element; The base also includes a sixth recessed portion and a seventh recessed portion; The second connecting element is arranged in the fourth recessed portion and the sixth recessed portion; The third connecting element is arranged in the fifth recessed portion and the seventh recessed portion; The optical element driving mechanism further includes a first sensing element and an auxiliary magnetic element, which are arranged on the fixing portion; The distance between the first sensing element and the fourth recessed portion is smaller than the distance between the first sensing element and the third recessed portion; The distance between the auxiliary magnetic element and the fourth recessed portion is smaller than the distance between the auxiliary magnetic element and the third recessed portion.

4. The optical element driving mechanism according to claim 3, wherein: The fixing portion further includes an outer frame; The outer frame includes an opening; The optical element driving mechanism also includes a second movable part, an elastic element, a first buffer element, and a second buffer element; The elastic element is disposed between the fixed portion and the second movable portion; The first buffer element is disposed between the fixed portion and the second movable portion; The second buffer element is disposed between the fixed portion and the first movable portion; The first movable portion and the second movable portion are arranged along a first axis; A second axis is perpendicular to the first axis; In the direction in which the second axis extends, the elastic element at least partially overlaps with the first buffer element; In the direction in which the second axis extends, the first recessed structure at least partially overlaps with the third recessed portion; When viewed along the first axis, the elastic element does not overlap with the first buffer element; In the direction in which the first axis extends, the elastic element at least partially overlaps with the second buffer element.

5. The optical element driving mechanism according to claim 4, wherein: The second movable portion is used to connect a second optical element; The second movable portion includes a main body and a first side wall; The first side wall extends from the body; The first side wall has a first groove, a second groove, and a first supporting portion; The first groove is adjacent to the second groove; The first groove has a first groove surface; The second groove has a second groove surface; The first groove surface is adjacent to the second groove surface; The first groove surface is not parallel to the second groove surface; The first groove surface and the second groove surface have different slopes; The first support portion extends from the first side wall along a third axis; The third axis is not parallel to the first axis; The third axis is non-parallel to the second axis.

6. The optical element driving mechanism according to claim 5, wherein: The main body includes a main body surface, a second supporting portion, and a third supporting portion; The main body surface faces the second optical element; The second support portion protrudes from the surface of the main body; The third support portion protrudes from the surface of the main body; The second support portion extends along the third axis; The third support portion extends along the third axis; The second supporting portion is on a first side of the main body surface; The third supporting portion is on a second side of the main body surface; The first side and the second side are opposite to each other; The third axis is perpendicular to the first axis; The third axis is perpendicular to the second axis.

7. The optical element driving mechanism according to claim 6, wherein: The fixing portion further includes a first reinforcing element and a second reinforcing element, which are disposed on the base; the base further includes a second base surface; The first reinforcement element includes a first reinforcement element surface; The second reinforcing element includes a second reinforcing element surface; The surface of the first reinforcing element is parallel to the surface of the second reinforcing element; The surface of the first reinforcing element is parallel to the surface of the second base; In the direction in which the second axis extends, there is a first height difference between the second base surface and the second reinforcing element surface; In the direction in which the second axis extends, there is a second height difference between the surface of the first reinforcing element and the surface of the second reinforcing element; The first height difference and the second height difference are both greater than zero; The second reinforcing element surface is located between the second base surface and the first reinforcing element surface; The second supporting portion is located at a middle section of the first side.

8. The optical element driving mechanism as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a second sensing element, wherein: In the direction in which the second axis extends, the second sensing element at least partially overlaps with the first reinforcing element; The first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element are made of different materials; The first reinforcing element and the second reinforcing element have different magnetic permeabilities; The first reinforcing element has a first thickness; The second reinforcing element has a second thickness; The first thickness is different from the second thickness; When viewed along the second axis, the first reinforcing element does not overlap with the second reinforcing element; The second reinforcing element is welded to the outer frame.

9. The optical element driving mechanism as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a circuit element and a first bonding element, wherein: The circuit element comprises a first circuit element surface and a second circuit element surface; The surface of the first circuit element directly contacts the first reinforcement element and the second reinforcement element; The surface of the second circuit element directly contacts the base; The first circuit element surface is opposite to the second circuit element surface; The first adhesive element is disposed on the surface of the first circuit element and the surface of the second circuit element; The magnetic permeability of the first reinforcing element is greater than the magnetic permeability of the second reinforcing element; The first thickness is smaller than the second thickness.

10. The optical element driving mechanism according to claim 9, wherein: Observed along the third axis, the base includes a second recessed structure, a first positioning element, a second positioning element, and a third positioning element; The optical element driving mechanism also includes a second bonding element and a third bonding element; The second adhesive element is disposed between the base and the circuit element; The third adhesive element is disposed on the second recessed structure; The third adhesive element directly contacts the first positioning element; The third adhesive element directly contacts the second positioning element; The third adhesive element directly contacts the third positioning element; The third adhesive element directly contacts the second adhesive element; When viewed along the third axis, the circuit element does not overlap with the first positioning element, the second positioning element, and the third positioning element; When viewed along the third axis, the outer frame does not overlap with the first positioning element and the second positioning element; When viewed along the third axis, the outer frame at least partially overlaps the third positioning element; Observed along the first axis, the base further includes a protrusion exposed from the outer frame; The protrusion includes a first protrusion surface and a second protrusion surface, which are exposed from the outer frame; The slope of the surface of the first protrusion is different from the slope of the surface of the second protrusion.

Images