Anterior cervical intervertebral disc resection and fusion operation training device

Abstract

The invention discloses an anterior cervical intervertebral disc resection fusion surgery trainer which comprises a simulator base, a simulator shell and a simulated neck skin, the simulator shell is clamped and fixed to the simulator base through a plurality of shell clamping strips, two simulator switches are arranged on one side of the simulator base, and the simulator switch is connected with the simulator base through a plurality of shell clamping strips. And the other side of the simulator base is provided with two test mode conversion buttons and a test data display screen. According to the training device for the anterior cervical intervertebral disc resection and fusion surgery, a real surgery scene is restored by arranging the simulated neck skin, the simulated muscle soft tissue, the simulated first cervical vertebra, the simulated second cervical vertebra, the simulated third cervical vertebra, the simulated fourth cervical vertebra, the simulated fifth cervical vertebra and the simulated sixth cervical vertebra, the simulated fifth cervical vertebra, the simulated sixth cervical vertebra and the simulated seventh cervical vertebra. The operation simulation training device is high in simulation degree, can complete the complete process of the anterior cervical intervertebral disc resection and fusion operation through operation, feeds back wrong operation signals in time during training, and is high in efficiency and low in cost.

Description

[0001] Priority application

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese invention patent application [CN202410997781X] "[A cervical anterior discectomy and fusion surgery trainer]" filed on July 23, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The invention relates to the technical field of surgical trainers, and in particular to an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgical trainer. Background Art

[0004] Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is one of the common operations in spinal neurosurgery. The tissues and organs in the neck are extremely numerous and complex, and are close to important human tissues such as the carotid artery and cervical plexus, requiring extremely high-precision operations and techniques. Before performing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, it is necessary to palpate the carotid pulse to determine the location of the carotid artery, bluntly separate the carotid sheath from the tracheal space, expose the prevertebral fascia, identify and protect the superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves, and then longitudinally incise the prevertebral fascia to expose the vertebral body and intervertebral disc, use a cervical vertebral dilator to dilate the intervertebral space, and finally complete the cervical discectomy, nerve decompression, and placement of the intervertebral fusion device. Training with surgical simulators can help doctors practice surgical skills in a virtual environment and improve operational accuracy and safety. Existing surgical simulation and demonstration devices are general structures, and there is no trainer for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

[0005] For example, the Chinese invention patent application with application number CN202110179881.8 discloses a transradial artery interventional surgery trainer, comprising: a human body model; a vascular model provided in the human body model, comprising: an aortic system model, including an aortic arch model and a brachiocephalic trunk model detachably connected to the aortic arch model, and the brachiocephalic trunk model is connected to the aortic arch model; and a radial artery system model, including a radial artery model connected to the aortic arch model, the radial artery model having a puncture point suitable for repeated punctures; and a blood circulation model provided in the human body model, for allowing simulated blood to circulate in the vascular model; wherein the connection position between the brachiocephalic trunk model and the aortic arch model is adjustable to form different aortic arch shapes. By adjusting the aortic arch shape, the trainee's needs for neurointervention training on different aortic arch shapes on the same human body model can be met, which can reduce training costs and improve training benefits.

[0006] The above-mentioned trainers have the following problems: (1) The cost is too high and most of them are not used, resulting in a waste of resources; (2) The soft tissue structure relationship of the neck is not simulated more finely, so that the simulation device has a low degree of restoration of the real surgical scene and the degree of simulation is not enough; (3) There is no timely feedback function. There is no timely feedback and signal prompts during simulation training, and the training efficiency is low; (4) The virtual simulation training equipment lacks physical touch and force feedback, which limits the trainees' ability to judge space.

[0007] To this end, we designed a surgical trainer for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Summary of the invention

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a cervical anterior discectomy and fusion surgery trainer to partially solve or alleviate at least one of the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides a cervical anterior discectomy and fusion surgery trainer, comprising a simulator base, a simulator shell and a simulated neck skin, wherein the simulator shell is detachably connected to the simulator base, two simulator switches are arranged on one side of the simulator base, and two test mode conversion buttons and a test data display screen are arranged on the other side of the simulator base, a simulator internal support partition is fixedly connected inside the simulator base, the simulated neck skin is arranged on the simulator shell, a simulated soft tissue support 1 and a sensor support frame are clamped and fixed on the simulator internal support partition; a carotid artery pneumatic device and a tension sensor 1 are clamped and fixed on the sensor support frame; a tension sensor 2 is arranged between the simulated soft tissue support 2 and the simulator base;

[0011] A simulated soft tissue support 2 is provided on one side of the simulated soft tissue support 1, and simulated muscle soft tissue, simulated trachea and esophagus, omohyoid muscle and simulated sternocleidomastoid muscle are bonded between the simulated soft tissue support 1 and the simulated soft tissue support 2;

[0012] At least one simulated cervical vertebra is arranged between the simulated muscle soft tissue and the internal supporting partition of the simulator, and the simulated intervertebral artery and simulated spinal cord are arranged in the simulated cervical vertebra.

[0013] Wherein, the two ends of the simulated intervertebral artery are fixedly connected to the first tension sensor and the second simulated soft tissue support respectively; the two ends of the simulated spinal cord are fixedly connected to the sensor support and the second tension sensor respectively.

[0014] As an improvement, a simulated right carotid artery hose is arranged between the simulated soft tissue support one and the simulated soft tissue support two, one end of the simulated right carotid artery hose is connected to the output end of the carotid artery pneumatic device, and the other end passes through the simulated soft tissue support two and is fixed on the simulator base.

[0015] As an improvement, a signal indicator light is fixedly connected inside the simulator base.

[0016] As an improvement, a buzzer alarm is fixedly connected inside the simulator base.

[0017] As an improvement, a battery module and a microcontroller are fixedly connected inside the simulator base.

[0018] As an improvement, the simulated cervical vertebrae include simulated first to third cervical vertebrae, simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae and simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae which are sequentially clamped and fixed, one end of the simulated spinal cord is fixed on the sensor support frame, and the other end passes through the simulated first to third cervical vertebrae, simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae and simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae in sequence and then is connected to the tension sensor 2.

[0019] As an improvement, the simulated carotid pneumatic device includes a carotid pneumatic device piston cylinder and a carotid pneumatic device telescope. The carotid pneumatic device piston cylinder is clamped on the sensor support frame, and the carotid pneumatic device telescope is arranged in the carotid pneumatic device piston cylinder. The output end of the carotid pneumatic device piston cylinder is connected to one end of the simulated right carotid artery hose.

[0020] As an improvement, the microcontroller comprises:

[0021] A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the test mode conversion button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state;

[0022] A data acquisition module, used for periodically acquiring the pressure values ​​detected by the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the test mode;

[0023] The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 in each cycle, and determine whether the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 1 in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded;

[0024] The second identification module is used to calculate the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 in each cycle, and determine whether the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than a second set threshold value; and when it is determined that the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 is greater than or equal to the second set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

[0025] As an improvement, the microcontroller also includes: a statistical module, which is used to pre-classify the error levels according to the number of alarms of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link in the training mode, and obtain surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein, surgical operation links with high error frequency and high error frequency are surgical operation links that are prone to errors; the data acquisition module is also used to match the corresponding preset pressure value collection frequency in the database for at least one surgical operation link that is prone to errors once switching to the examination mode.

[0026] As an improvement, the statistical module is also used to identify the error-prone types of each surgical operation link that is prone to error, and the error-prone types include: touching the simulated intervertebral artery, or touching the simulated spinal cord;

[0027] The data acquisition module is also used to match the first preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database when the statistical module identifies that the simulated intervertebral artery is touched, and the first pressure value acquisition frequency is greater than the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency; if the simulated spinal cord is touched, the third preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency are matched for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database, and the third pressure value acquisition frequency is less than the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The surgical trainer for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion restores the real surgical scene by simulating the neck skin, muscle and soft tissue, the first to third cervical vertebrae, the fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae, and the sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae. Compared with the existing physical surgical simulators, this surgical simulation trainer has a higher degree of simulation and can complete the entire process of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery. It can also provide timely feedback on error operation signals during training, which is more efficient and less costly.

[0030] 2. The trainer for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery provides intelligent feedback to the operator by setting a simulator switch, signal indicator light, mode conversion button, data display screen, buzzer alarm, battery module, microcontroller, tension sensor 1 and tension sensor 2, so as to feed back the operation signal to the operator in time, and then simulates the carotid artery pulsation through the carotid artery pneumatic device telescopic machine, simulated right carotid artery hose and carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder to improve the realism of surgical simulation.

[0031] 3. The present invention designs a more realistic simulated cervical spine structure, combines the main control board and other control systems to monitor the operator's operation, integrates multiple judgment rules to judge the number of operator errors, and comprehensively provides a scientific and immediate training evaluation mechanism. Specifically, in the training mode, once the tester makes an erroneous operation (of course, the erroneous operation is limited to the situation of pulling the nerves), the trainer will remind the tester through the buzzer, and then the tester will correct the operation steps. At this time, there will usually be no continuous same erroneous operation; in the test mode, in order to ensure that the test results are as close to the truth as possible, the buzzer will usually not be turned on to remind the tester. If the tester does not know that he has made an erroneous operation, it is very likely that the same operation will cause continuous damage to the nerves. When calculating the number of errors, it is a difficult problem to determine whether this situation is a single error or multiple errors; at this time, if a system with higher precision is used for measurement, although the accuracy can be improved, the cost is too high and it is difficult to popularize.

[0032] 4. The present invention uses periodic detection to make judgments based on the average pressure value and the fluctuation rate of pressure values ​​in adjacent periods, thereby effectively reducing the misjudgment rate. Furthermore, the present invention also classifies the weak links in the tester's operation in combination with the data in the training mode, and during the test, increases the acquisition frequency for the weak links to improve the accuracy of the data. Furthermore, since there are always some missed and misjudgment cases in machine judgment, this solution adopts manual verification for situations where an error lasts for too long, thereby further reducing the misjudgment rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a structural disassembly diagram of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a front view of the internal structure of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A top view of the internal structure of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer simulating the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a simulated carotid artery pneumatic device of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a highly restored anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the control system of the controller of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 It is a control flow diagram of the control method of the trainer in the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1. simulator shell; 2. simulated neck skin; 3. shell clip; 4. simulator switch; 5. simulator base; 6. carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder; 7. tension sensor 1; 8. simulated soft tissue bracket 1; 9. sensor support frame; 10. signal indicator light; 11. simulator internal support partition; 12. test mode conversion button; 13. test data display screen; 14. simulated soft tissue bracket 2; 15. simulated muscle soft tissue; 16. buzzer alarm; 17. battery module; 18. microcontroller; 19. omohyoid muscle; 20. simulated sternocleidomastoid muscle; 21. simulated right carotid artery hose; 22. simulated spinal cord; 23. simulated trachea and esophagus; 24. tension sensor 2; 25. simulated first to third cervical vertebrae; 26. simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae; 27. simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae; 28. simulated intervertebral artery; 29. ​​carotid artery pneumatic device telescope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Herein, suffixes such as "module", "component" or "unit" used to represent elements are only used to facilitate the description of the present invention, and have no specific meanings by themselves. Therefore, "module", "component" or "unit" can be used mixedly.

[0046] In this document, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "back", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] In this document, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0048] Herein "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0049] Herein, "plurality" means two or more than two, ie, it includes two, three, four, five, etc.

[0050] Embodiment 1

[0051] See also Figure 1-Figure 8 The present invention provides a cervical anterior discectomy and fusion surgery trainer, comprising: a detachably connected simulator base 5 and a simulator shell 1, one end of the simulator shell 1 is provided with a simulated neck skin 2, the simulated neck skin 2 is made of silicone material to improve the degree of restoration, when in use, the simulator shell 1 can be clamped and fixed to the simulator base 5 through a plurality of shell clamping strips 3, one side of the simulator base 5 is provided with two simulator switches 4, the other side of the simulator base 5 is provided with two test mode conversion buttons 12 and a test data display screen 13, the simulator base 5 is fixedly connected with a simulator internal support partition 11 and a buzzer alarm 16, and the simulator internal support partition 11 is clamped and fixed with a simulated soft tissue bracket 8 and a sensor support bracket 9.

[0052] A simulated soft tissue support 2 14 is provided on one side of the simulated soft tissue support 1 8, and a simulated muscle soft tissue 15, a simulated trachea esophagus 23, an omohyoid muscle 19 and a simulated sternocleidomastoid muscle 20 are bonded between the simulated soft tissue support 1 8 and the simulated soft tissue support 2 14. During the simulated surgical operation, tools are required to pull open the simulated sternocleidomastoid muscle 20 to expose the cone in the simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26. The simulated muscle soft tissue 15 and the simulated trachea esophagus 23 are both made of silicone to improve the restoration degree of the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer.

[0053] A simulated right carotid artery hose 21 and a tension sensor 24 are provided between the simulated soft tissue support 14 and the simulator base 5. The tension sensor 24 is clamped and fixed between the simulated soft tissue support 14 and the simulator base 5. The downward force exerted on the simulated spinal cord 22 is measured by setting the tension sensor 24.

[0054] A carotid artery pneumatic device and a tension sensor 7 are clamped and fixed on the sensor support frame 9. The tension sensor 7 is set to measure the force exerted on the simulated intervertebral artery 28. A signal indicator light 10, a buzzer alarm 16, a battery module 17 and a microcontroller 18 are fixedly connected in the simulator base 5. It should be noted that the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer is divided into an examination mode and a training mode. In the examination mode, the flashing of the signal indicator light 10 will prompt an erroneous operation, and the number of errors will be recorded on the test data display screen 13; in the training mode, the buzzer alarm 16 will sound to prompt an erroneous operation, and the number of errors will be recorded on the test data display screen 13, so that the erroneous operation signals during training can be fed back to the operator in time. The signal indicator light 10, the test data display screen 13, the buzzer alarm 16, the battery module 17 and the microcontroller 18 are all existing devices and will not be elaborated on here.

[0055] The simulated muscle soft tissue 15 and the internal support partition 11 of the simulator are sequentially fixed with the simulated first to third cervical vertebrae 25, the simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26 and the simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae 27. The simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26 are used for simulating the surgical operation module of removing the intervertebral disc. The simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26 are 3D multi-head printed. The simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26 are made of hard material. The simulated first to third cervical vertebrae 25 and the simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae 27 on both sides of the simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26 are provided. 7 is made of a relatively soft material, and a plurality of spheres are arranged in a stacked manner inside the intervertebral disc, which can be removed using tools during training to simulate the operation of removing the diseased nucleus pulposus during surgery; the simulated first to third cervical vertebrae 25, the simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26, and the simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae 27 are connected through simulated intervertebral arteries 28 and simulated spinal cord 22, and the two ends of the simulated intervertebral artery 28 are respectively fixedly connected to the tension sensor 1 7 and the simulated soft tissue support 2 14, and the two ends of the simulated spinal cord 22 are respectively fixedly connected to the sensor support frame 9 and the tension sensor 2 24.

[0056] The simulated carotid artery pneumatic device includes a carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder 6, a simulated right carotid artery hose 21 and a carotid artery pneumatic device telescope 29. During the simulated surgical operation, a tool is required to pull open the simulated right carotid artery hose 21 so that the simulated right carotid artery hose 21 and the simulated sternocleidomastoid muscle 20 are pulled open on the same side. The carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder 6 is clamped on the sensor support frame 9, and the carotid artery pneumatic device telescope 29 is arranged in the carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder 6. The simulated right carotid artery hose 21 passes through the simulated soft tissue support 14, and the two ends of the simulated right carotid artery hose 21 are respectively fixedly connected to the carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder 6 and the inner wall of the simulator base 5. When in use, the carotid artery pneumatic device telescope 29 drives the piston to reciprocate in the carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder 6 to realize the pulsation of the simulated right carotid artery hose 21, thereby improving the realism of the surgical simulation.

[0057] In some embodiments, the microcontroller 18 as the main control device is electrically connected to the test mode conversion button and performs data communication with the tension sensor 1, the tension sensor 2, the buzzer alarm and the test data display screen; it includes:

[0058] A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the test mode conversion button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state;

[0059] A data acquisition module, used for periodically acquiring the pressure values ​​detected by the tension sensor 1 and the pressure sensor 2 in the test mode;

[0060] The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 in each cycle, and determine whether the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure average is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded;

[0061] The second identification module is used to calculate the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 in each cycle, and determine whether the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than a second set threshold value; and when it is determined that the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 is greater than or equal to the second set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

[0062] It can be seen that when either the first recognition module or the second recognition module determines that an error has occurred, it is recorded as an error. Of course, if both the first recognition module and the second recognition module determine that an error has occurred, the examiner is reminded to check and mark it. After the test is completed, the number of occurrences of this situation is counted. If it is greater than the preset number, the examiner is reminded to check the video (specifically, a camera can be set in the base to shoot the operation process).

[0063] In some embodiments, the microcontroller further includes: a statistical module for performing statistical analysis in advance based on the historical data of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link in the training mode, and obtaining at least one operation step in which the tester is prone to make mistakes; specifically, the statistical module classifies the error levels according to the alarm times of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link in the training mode, and obtains surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein, surgical operation links with high error frequency and high error frequency are surgical operation links prone to make mistakes. The data acquisition module is also used to match the corresponding preset pressure value acquisition frequency in the database for at least one surgical operation link prone to make mistakes once the test mode is switched to. That is, the pressure value acquisition frequency of at least one surgical operation link prone to make mistakes is increased.

[0064] In some embodiments, the statistical module is further used to identify the error-prone type of each surgical operation link that is prone to error, and the error-prone type includes: touching the simulated intervertebral artery, or touching the simulated spinal cord; specifically, when each error is determined, the corresponding error-prone type can be identified according to the corresponding pressure data source;

[0065] Correspondingly, the above-mentioned data acquisition module is used to match the first preset pressure value collection frequency and the second preset pressure value collection frequency for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 respectively in the database when the statistical module identifies that the simulated intervertebral artery is touched, and the first pressure value collection frequency is greater than the second preset pressure value collection frequency; if the simulated spinal cord is touched, the third preset pressure value collection frequency and the fourth preset pressure value collection frequency are matched in the database for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 respectively, and the third pressure value collection frequency is less than the fourth preset pressure value collection frequency.

[0066] The types of errors that may occur in each error-prone surgical operation are different. As long as any one of them occurs, it can be determined that an error has occurred; and each type of error may result in a continuous error. Therefore, by comparing the pressure fluctuation rate of the same type in two adjacent cycles, it can be determined whether it is a continuous error or it actually occurred twice.

[0067] Of course, usually, due to the different positions of the simulated intervertebral artery and the simulated spinal cord, the probability of the two types occurring simultaneously during the surgical operation is very low, and of course, it is impossible. When the two types occur simultaneously, it is recorded as one time, and the examiner is prompted to observe. Of course, the number and time of this situation during the entire examination process are counted, so that after the examination is completed, the video data shot by the camera preset inside the base can be retrieved for verification.

[0068] In some embodiments, an image data acquisition module capable of communicating data with the microcontroller is provided in the simulator base. Accordingly, the microcontroller also includes: a reminder module for reminding the examiner to retrieve the image data of the corresponding period for manual verification when it is determined that the test subject has made a continuous error once and the duration of the error exceeds a set time threshold.

[0069] In some embodiments, a signal indicator light is fixedly connected to the simulator base, the signal indicator light communicates data with the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is also used to control the signal indicator light to indicate a current operation error when the first recognition module recognizes an error once.

[0070] Working principle: the staff cuts open the simulated neck skin 2, identifies the simulated sternocleidomastoid muscle 20 set under the simulated neck skin 2, and the carotid pneumatic device telescopic machine 29 drives the piston to reciprocate in the carotid pneumatic device piston cylinder 6 to realize the pulsation of the simulated right carotid artery hose 21, so that the operator can quickly identify the simulated right carotid artery hose 21 and push it aside for surgery, thereby avoiding accidental injury to the simulated right carotid artery hose 21 during the operation; specifically, the operator uses tools to bluntly separate the simulated right carotid artery hose 21 from the simulated trachea and esophagus 23 to expose the vertebral body, longitudinally cut the prevertebral fascia to expose the simulated first to third cervical vertebrae 25, simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae 26 and simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae 27, so as to perform anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery;

[0071] At the same time, if the operator accidentally touches the simulated intervertebral artery 28 connected to the tension sensor 7, so that the tension detected by the tension sensor 7 is greater than the preset threshold, the tension signal generated by the elastic pulling of the simulated intervertebral artery 28 due to the erroneous operation is fed back to the operator, for example, in the training mode, the alarm is given through the buzzer alarm 16. For another example, in the examination mode, the indication is given through the signal indicator light 10 and the display screen 13.

[0072] Embodiment 2

[0073] Based on the above-mentioned anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer, the present invention also provides a control system of the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer, which includes: a microcontroller, and a test mode conversion button 12, a test data display screen 13, and a buzzer alarm 16 arranged on the simulator base 5, and respectively arranged on the tension sensor one 7 and the tension sensor two 24 at both ends of the at least one simulated cervical vertebra; wherein one end of the simulated intervertebral artery 28 is fixed on the simulated soft tissue support two 14 in the simulator base 5, and the other end passes through one side of the at least one simulated cervical vertebra and then bypasses the pull ring of the tension sensor one 7, and then passes through the other side of the at least one simulated cervical vertebra and is fixed on the simulated soft tissue support two 14; the two ends of the simulated spinal cord 22 are respectively fixedly connected to the sensor support frame 9 and the tension sensor two 24 in the simulator base 5; the microcontroller is electrically connected to the test mode conversion button, and performs data communication with the tension sensor one 7, the tension sensor two 24, the buzzer alarm 16 and the test data display screen 13; the microcontroller includes:

[0074] A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the test mode conversion button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state;

[0075] A data acquisition module, used for periodically acquiring the pressure values ​​detected by the tension sensor 1 7 and the tension sensor 2 24 in the test mode;

[0076] The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure average of the tension sensor 7 in each cycle, and determine whether the pressure average of the tension sensor 7 in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure average of the tension sensor 7 is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 7 in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded;

[0077] The second identification module is used to calculate the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 in each cycle, and determine whether the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than a second set threshold value; and when it is determined that the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 is greater than or equal to the second set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

[0078] In some embodiments, the microcontroller also includes: a statistical module, which is used to pre-classify the error levels according to the number of alarms of the buzzer alarm in each surgical operation link in the training mode, and obtain surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein, surgical operation links with high error frequency and high error frequency are surgical operation links that are prone to errors; the data acquisition module is also used to match the corresponding preset pressure value collection frequency in the database for at least one surgical operation link that is prone to errors once switching to the examination mode.

[0079] In some embodiments, the statistical module is further used to identify the error-prone types of each surgical operation link that is prone to error, and the error-prone types include: touching the simulated intervertebral artery, or touching the simulated spinal cord;

[0080] The data acquisition module is also used to match the first preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database when the statistical module identifies that the simulated intervertebral artery is touched, and the first pressure value acquisition frequency is greater than the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency; if the simulated spinal cord is touched, the third preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency are matched for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database, and the third pressure value acquisition frequency is less than the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency.

[0081] In some embodiments, an image data acquisition module capable of communicating data with the microcontroller is provided in the simulator base 5. Accordingly, the microcontroller also includes: a reminder module for reminding the examiner to retrieve the image data of the corresponding period for manual verification when it is determined that the tester has made a continuous error once and the duration of the error exceeds a set time threshold.

[0082] In some embodiments, the signal indicator light 10 arranged on the simulator base 5 communicates data with the microcontroller, and the microcontroller is also used to control the signal indicator light to indicate the current operation error when the first recognition module or the second recognition module recognizes an error once.

[0083] Embodiment 3

[0084] like Fig.10 Based on the above trainer, the present invention also provides a control method for an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer, comprising the following steps:

[0085] S101 periodically obtains the pressure values ​​detected by the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the test mode, and calculates the average pressure value of the tension sensor 1 and the average pressure value of the tension sensor 2 in each cycle;

[0086] S102a determines whether the average pressure value of the tension sensor 1 in the current cycle is greater than the first set threshold value; if so, execute step S103a, otherwise execute step S101;

[0087] S102b determines whether the average pressure value of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than the second set threshold value; if so, execute step S103b, otherwise execute step S101;

[0088] S103a determines whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 1 in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate in the previous cycle; if so, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if not, it is determined that the tester has made one continuous mistake and the duration of the mistake is recorded;

[0089] S103b determines whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 2 in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate in the previous cycle; if so, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; otherwise, it is determined that the tester has made one consecutive mistake and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

[0090] It should be noted that the tension sensor collects pressure values ​​in real time and may collect multiple instantaneous pressure values ​​within a cycle (i.e., a time period). The pressure mean is obtained by calculating the average of multiple instantaneous pressure values ​​within a cycle. Correspondingly, the pressure fluctuation rate represents the fluctuation amplitude of each instantaneous pressure value collected within a cycle relative to the pressure mean. The larger the fluctuation amplitude, the higher the pressure fluctuation rate.

[0091] Accordingly, the acquisition frequency in the following text is reflected by the density of pressure values ​​collected within a cycle, that is, by the number of instantaneous pressure values ​​collected per unit time. The more instantaneous pressure values ​​collected per unit time, the higher the acquisition frequency.

[0092] In some other embodiments, the steps are also included:

[0093] S104: Statistical analysis is performed in advance based on historical data of buzzer alarms in each surgical operation link in the training mode to obtain at least one surgical operation link in which the tester is prone to make mistakes; specifically, error levels are divided according to the number of alarms to obtain surgical operation links with high error frequencies, surgical operation links with relatively high error frequencies, surgical operation links with average error frequencies, and surgical operation links with low error frequencies; wherein surgical operation links with high error frequencies and relatively high error frequencies are surgical operation links prone to making mistakes;

[0094] S105 Once the test mode is switched, a corresponding preset pressure value acquisition frequency is matched in the database for at least one surgical operation link that is prone to errors (for example, the acquisition frequency is increased).

[0095] In order to ensure the accuracy of the test results, each operation step may correspond to multiple cycles.

[0096] Furthermore, the error frequency of each surgical operation link in the training mode (i.e., the number of alarms of the buzzer alarm) can be pre-divided into multiple levels, for example, divided into high frequency, relatively high frequency, general frequency, and low frequency according to different preset alarm thresholds; wherein, the surgical operation links with high frequency and relatively high frequency are prone to errors; accordingly, different pressure value collection frequencies are set for surgical operation links with different error levels, for example, the surgical operation link with high frequency has the largest pressure value collection frequency, the surgical operation link with relatively high frequency has a relatively high pressure value collection frequency, and so on. That is, the higher the error level, the higher the corresponding pressure value collection frequency. Preferably, except for the surgical operation links that are prone to errors, the others all use the default pressure value collection frequency.

[0097] In other embodiments, the step is also included: identifying the error-prone type of each surgical operation link that is prone to errors, and the error-prone types include: touching the simulated intervertebral artery, or touching the simulated spinal cord; and when it is identified as touching the simulated intervertebral artery, the first preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency are matched for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database, respectively, and the first pressure value acquisition frequency is greater than the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency; when it is identified as touching the simulated spinal cord, the third preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency are matched for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database, respectively, and the third pressure value acquisition frequency is less than the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency.

[0098] In other embodiments, an image data acquisition module capable of data communication with the microcontroller is provided in the simulator base 5 for acquiring image data of the entire surgical process. Accordingly, the control method further comprises the steps of:

[0099] S106: When it is determined that the tester has made a continuous error and the duration of the error exceeds the set duration threshold, the examiner is reminded to retrieve the video of the corresponding period for manual verification.

[0100] The principle and effect of this scheme are:

[0101] In the training mode, once the test subject makes an incorrect operation (of course, the incorrect operation is limited to the case of accidentally touching the simulated intervertebral artery), the trainer will remind the test subject through the buzzer, and then the test subject will correct the operation steps. At this time, the same incorrect operation will not usually continue. In the examination mode, in order to ensure the authenticity of the test results, the buzzer is usually not turned on to remind the test subject. The test subject is very likely to cause continuous damage to the nerves due to the same operation without knowing that he has made an incorrect operation. When calculating the number of errors, it is a difficult problem to determine whether this situation is a single error or multiple errors. At this time, if a higher precision system is used for measurement, although the accuracy can be improved, the cost is too high and it is difficult to popularize.

[0102] This solution determines the number of errors through periodic detection and comparison of the volatility of adjacent periods, which effectively improves the accuracy of error statistics.

[0103] Furthermore, this solution also combines the data in the training mode to count the weak links in the test takers' operations, and increases the collection frequency during the test to improve the accuracy of this part of the data, thereby further improving the accuracy of the error count.

[0104] Furthermore, there are always some cases of missed or misjudgment in machine judgment. This solution adopts manual verification for possible misjudgment (for example, a misjudgment lasts too long), which further reduces the misjudgment rate.

[0105] In summary, this solution uses a human-machine combination and multiple judgment rules to effectively reduce the misjudgment rate while ensuring low costs.

[0106] The present invention also provides a storage medium for an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer, the storage medium comprising a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is running, the device where the storage medium is located is controlled to execute any one of steps S101-S106 of the above method.

[0107] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0108] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cervical anterior discectomy and fusion surgery trainer, comprising a simulator base (5), a simulator shell (1) and simulated cervical skin (2), characterized in that: The simulator shell (1) is detachably connected to the simulator base (5); two simulator switches (4) are provided on one side of the simulator base (5); two test mode switching buttons (12) and a test data display screen (13) are provided on the other side of the simulator base (5); a simulator internal support partition (11) is fixedly connected to the simulator base (5); the simulated neck skin (2) is arranged on the simulator shell (1); a simulated soft tissue support one (8) and a sensor support frame (9) are fixedly connected to the simulator internal support partition (11); a carotid artery pneumatic device and a tension sensor one (7) are fixedly connected to the sensor support frame (9); a tension sensor two (24) is provided between the simulated soft tissue support two (14) and the simulator base (5); A simulated soft tissue support 2 (14) is provided on one side of the simulated soft tissue support 1 (8), and simulated muscle soft tissue (15), simulated trachea and esophagus (23), omohyoid muscle (19) and simulated sternocleidomastoid muscle (20) are bonded between the simulated soft tissue support 1 (8) and the simulated soft tissue support 2 (14); At least one simulated cervical vertebra is arranged between the simulated muscle soft tissue (15) and the internal support partition (11) of the simulator, and a simulated intervertebral artery (28) and a simulated spinal cord (22) are arranged inside the simulated cervical vertebra. The two ends of the simulated intervertebral artery (28) are respectively fixedly connected to the tension sensor 1 (7) and the simulated soft tissue support 2 (14); the two ends of the simulated spinal cord (22) are respectively fixedly connected to the sensor support frame (9) and the tension sensor 2 (24).

2. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A simulated right carotid artery hose (21) is arranged between the simulated soft tissue support 1 (8) and the simulated soft tissue support 2 (14); one end of the simulated right carotid artery hose (21) is connected to the output end of the carotid artery pneumatic device, and the other end passes through the simulated soft tissue support 2 (14) and is fixed on the simulator base (5).

3. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 2, characterized in that: A signal indicator light (10) is fixedly connected inside the simulator base (5).

4. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 3, characterized in that: A buzzer alarm (16) is fixedly connected inside the simulator base (5).

5. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 3, characterized in that: A battery module (17) and a microcontroller (18) are fixedly connected inside the simulator base (5).

6. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated cervical vertebrae include simulated first to third cervical vertebrae (25), simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae (26) and simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae (27) which are sequentially clamped and fixed; one end of the simulated spinal cord (22) is fixed on the sensor support frame (9), and the other end sequentially penetrates the simulated first to third cervical vertebrae (25), simulated fourth to fifth cervical vertebrae (26) and simulated sixth to seventh cervical vertebrae (27) and is connected to the second tension sensor (24).

7. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The simulated carotid artery pneumatic device comprises a carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder (6) and a carotid artery pneumatic device telescopic machine (29); the carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder (6) is clamped on a sensor support frame (9); the carotid artery pneumatic device telescopic machine (29) is arranged in the carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder (6); and the output end of the carotid artery pneumatic device piston cylinder (6) is connected to one end of the simulated right carotid artery hose (21).

8. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The microcontroller (18) comprises: A working mode management module, for switching working modes in response to the user's operation of the test mode conversion button; the working modes include training mode and test mode; and when in the test mode, the buzzer alarm is set to a silent state; when in the training mode, the buzzer alarm is set to an alarm state; A data acquisition module, used for periodically acquiring the pressure values ​​detected by the tension sensor 1 (7) and the tension sensor 2 (24) in the test mode; The first identification module is used to calculate the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 (7) in each cycle, and determine whether the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 (7) in the current cycle is greater than a first set threshold value; and when it is determined that the pressure average of the tension sensor 1 (7) is greater than or equal to the first set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 1 (7) in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made one continuous mistake, and the duration of the mistake is recorded; The second identification module is used to calculate the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 (24) in each cycle, and determine whether the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 (24) in the current cycle is greater than a second set threshold value; and when it is determined that the average pressure of the tension sensor 2 (24) is greater than or equal to the second set threshold value, determine whether the pressure fluctuation rate of the tension sensor 2 (24) in the current cycle is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle; if it is greater than the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made two consecutive mistakes; if it is less than or equal to the pressure fluctuation rate of the previous cycle, it is determined that the tester has made a continuous mistake once, and the duration of the mistake is recorded.

9. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The microcontroller (18) further comprises: The statistical module is used to classify the error levels according to the alarm times of the buzzer alarm (16) in each surgical operation link in the training mode, and obtain surgical operation links with high error frequency, surgical operation links with relatively high error frequency, surgical operation links with average error frequency, and surgical operation links with low error frequency; wherein the surgical operation links with high error frequency and relatively high error frequency are surgical operation links prone to errors; The data acquisition module is also used to match the corresponding preset pressure value acquisition frequency in the database for at least one surgical operation link that is prone to errors once the mode is switched to the examination mode.

10. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery trainer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The statistical module is also used to identify the error-prone types of each surgical operation link that is prone to error, and the error-prone types include: touching the simulated intervertebral artery, or touching the simulated spinal cord; The data acquisition module is also used to match the first preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database when the statistical module identifies that the simulated intervertebral artery is touched, and the first pressure value acquisition frequency is greater than the second preset pressure value acquisition frequency; if the simulated spinal cord is touched, the third preset pressure value acquisition frequency and the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency are matched for the tension sensor 1 and the tension sensor 2 in the database, and the third pressure value acquisition frequency is less than the fourth preset pressure value acquisition frequency.

Images