A method and device for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in open pits

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and device for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines, which belongs to the technical field of slope or slope stability, and is used to solve the problems in the prior art that high and steep rock slopes left over from mines after open-pit mining are difficult to regreen and have poor structural stability in regreening. Among them, a method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines, wherein the high and steep slopes in open-pit mines include multi-layer step units, and the step units include a gentle section and a steep section connected in sequence from top to bottom; the gentle section is directly regreened, including: spraying the bottom layer with a base layer, spraying the upper layer with a surface base layer, and sowing and irrigating mixed seeds in the surface base layer; the steep section is reinforced and regreened, including: evaluating the stability of the gentle section and the steep section, protecting the steep section according to the evaluation results, and regreening the steep section. In general, the method combined with the device not only improves the regreening efficiency, but also ensures the safety of the slope and the ecological restoration effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of stabilization of slopes or inclines, and in particular relates to a method and a device for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in open pits. Background Art

[0002] After mining, exposed high and steep rock slopes will remain. The surface of these slopes is mostly hard rock, lacking soil and water. It is difficult for vegetation to recover under natural conditions, and the ecological environment is seriously damaged. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out ecological restoration on these slopes.

[0003] However, ecological restoration of steep rock slopes faces many difficulties. On the one hand, in the conventional soil-covering restoration mode, the soil and soil-rock interface of the slope are prone to collapse and sliding under severe weather and geological conditions. The sliding of the surface soil not only causes the slope restoration to fail, but also poses a safety hazard. On the other hand, how to ensure that the ecological slope protection layer can remain stable for a long time while promoting plant growth and achieving maintenance-free in the later stage is a technical difficulty.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to adopt more scientific and reasonable engineering measures and technical means, combined with the specific conditions and environmental conditions of the high and steep rock slopes in open-pit mines, to achieve ecological restoration of the high and steep rock slopes. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art mentioned above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines, which is used to solve the problems in the prior art that the high and steep rock slopes left over from the mine after open-pit mining are difficult to regreen and the greening structure has poor stability.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a method and device for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in open-pit mines.

[0007] Among them, a method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit mine, wherein the high and steep slopes in the open pit mine include multi-layer step units, and the step units include a gentle section and a steep section connected in sequence from top to bottom;

[0008] The direct greening of the flat section includes: spraying the bottom layer with a base layer, spraying the upper layer with a surface layer, and sowing and irrigating the surface layer with mixed seeds;

[0009] The reinforcement and greening of the steep section includes: evaluating the stability of the flat section and the steep section, protecting the steep section according to the evaluation results, and greening the steep section.

[0010] Optionally, protecting the steep section includes structural protection and surface layer protection;

[0011] Structural protection: Use grouting anchors to form multiple anchor points in the steep section, lay steel-plastic geogrids in the steep section, and set frame-type connecting steel bars between the anchor points;

[0012] Surface protection: Lay a protective net on the steep slope and spray the base layer.

[0013] Optionally, regreening of steep sections may include:

[0014] Spray the surface base on the subbase of the steep slope, and sow the mixed seeds in the surface base;

[0015] Plant downward climbing plants at the top of steep slopes;

[0016] Plant climbing plants at the foot of the steep slope.

[0017] Optionally, regreening of steep sections may include:

[0018] Drilling a plurality of plant boreholes with a depth of 50-100 cm on the slope surface at an angle of 30-60 degrees downward using a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of the plant boreholes includes at least one enlarged diameter section;

[0019] Drilling a plurality of rooting holes for each of the plants, wherein the inside of the rooting holes is connected with the plant holes and penetrates radially to the slope surface;

[0020] The plant is drilled and filled with ecological substrate, and then small shrubs are transplanted to restore greenness.

[0021] Optionally, the seeds include seeds of herbs, shrubs and vines, the germination rate of the seeds is above 90%, and the seeds that are difficult to germinate are subjected to germination treatment before use. The seeds also include plant seeds picked from the surrounding environment of the slope.

[0022] Optionally, before laying the protective net, a horizontal straw stick is set at a certain height along the slope, and the straw stick is fixed by an anchor rod. After the protective net is laid, the straw stick and the protective net are tied and fixed; the protective net is a plastic-coated net.

[0023] Optionally, the rooting drill hole is located in the hole area of ​​the slope surface and is covered with straw sticks. The straw sticks are fixed to the slope surface, and the sprayed bottom base layer and surface base layer cover the straw sticks.

[0024] Optionally, the base layer has a spraying thickness of 7-10 cm, and the base layer contains 5% P32.5 cement by mass.

[0025] Optionally, the base layer sprayed per square meter of area includes:

[0026] 0.06-0.08 cubic meters of planting soil;

[0027] 2-3kg of fiber;

[0028] 80g of adhesive;

[0029] 30-40g of PAM;

[0030] 60-80g of water-retaining agent;

[0031] 50g of compound fertilizer.

[0032] Optionally, the surface base layer sprayed per square meter area includes:

[0033] 0.06-0.04 cubic meters of planting soil;

[0034] 1.6-1.8 kg of husk;

[0035] 1.6-1.8kg rice straw knots;

[0036] 0.8-1kg of wood fiber;

[0037] 15g of adhesive;

[0038] 8-10 g of PAM;

[0039] 8-10g of water-retaining agent;

[0040] 6-8kg of organic fertilizer;

[0041] 30g compound fertilizer;

[0042] 55g seeds.

[0043] Among them, an open pit high steep slope ecological restoration and protection device is used to drill the plant borehole as described above, comprising:

[0044] Drill rod, drill bit and axis adjustment device;

[0045] The drill bit is connected to the end of the drill rod, and the axis adjustment device is rotatably sleeved on the drill rod;

[0046] The diameter of the drill bit is larger than the diameter of the drill rod, the initial outer diameter of the axis adjustment device is smaller than the diameter of the drill bit, the inner annular surface of the axis adjustment device is rotatably matched with the drill rod, and the outer annular surface is provided with three radial contraction structures. When the radial contraction structure is extended, the corresponding area of ​​the axis adjustment device will exceed the diameter range of the drill bit.

[0047] Optionally, the radial contraction structure includes a guide groove, a telescopic body and a telescopic power source;

[0048] The guide groove includes two structural plates fixedly connected to the outer ring surface, the telescopic body is slidably arranged between the two structural plates, and the sliding direction is along the radial direction of the drill rod. The telescopic power source is arranged between the outer ring surface and the telescopic body and provides sliding power.

[0049] Optionally, the drill bit comprises a body, a roller cutter and a nozzle;

[0050] The tail end of the body is connected to the drill rod, the head end of the body is a disc-shaped end face, three rollers are installed in a circle with equal spacing on the disc-shaped end face, and the axis of the roller is parallel to the axis of the drill body, and the circumferential surface of the roller is provided with hobbing teeth;

[0051] In the adjacent areas of any two hobs, the hobbing teeth of the two hobs are interlocked with each other;

[0052] The nozzle is arranged outside the middle area of ​​two adjacent hobs, and the nozzle faces the hobbing tooth engagement area inside the two adjacent hobs.

[0053] As described above, the method and device for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in open pits of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0054] In view of the special structure of the high and steep slopes in the open-pit mine, a method of directly regreening the gentle section was proposed. By spraying the bottom and surface bases and sowing mixed seeds, the stability of the slope substrate was effectively improved, the rooting and growth of vegetation was promoted, and the ecological restoration effect and stability of the slope were significantly enhanced. For the steep section, by evaluating the stability in advance and taking protective measures, and then adopting the same regreening method as the gentle section, the stability and effect of the regreening structure were ensured, and the problem of difficulty in regreening the steep section was solved. In general, it not only improves the efficiency of regreening, but also ensures the safety and ecological restoration effect of the slope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the greening of the step unit of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of the high and steep slopes in an open pit mine.

[0057] Figure 3 Shown as the present invention Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram in the middle.

[0058] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the steep section protection structure of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the drill tail side of the repair device of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 6Shown is a schematic diagram of the rotor side of the repair device of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram showing one state of the diameter expansion operation of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram showing another state of the diameter expansion operation of the present invention.

[0063] Fig. 9 Shown is a table of ingredients for the base layer of the present invention.

[0064] Fig.10 Shown is a table of ingredients for the surface base layer of the present invention.

[0065] Among them: step unit 1, flat section 10, steep section 11, plant drilling hole 110, rooting drilling hole 111, base layer 20, surface base layer 21, grouting anchor rod 30, geogrid 31, connecting steel bar 32, straw stick 34, downward climbing plant 4, upward climbing plant 5, small shrub 6, drill rod 7, drill bit 8, main body 80, roller cutter 81, nozzle 82, axis adjustment device 9, radial contraction structure 91, guide groove 911, telescopic body 912, telescopic power source 913. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following is a description of the implementation of the present invention by means of specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0067] See also Figures 1 to 10 . It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0068] The following embodiments are only for illustration purposes and can be combined with each other, and are not limited to the contents presented in the following single embodiments.

[0069] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 , the present invention provides an embodiment of an open pit high steep slope ecological restoration and protection method. The open pit high steep slope structure is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes multiple step units 1. Usually, each step is about 30m high and 10-15m wide. The step unit 1 includes a gentle section 10 and a steep section 11 connected in sequence. The steep section 11 is mainly rock, with a maximum slope of 65-70°. The rock layer is relatively complete, the weathering degree is low, and the rock is hard.

[0070] Since the steep section 11 has a large slope, the surface is exposed rock, and the rock layer is hard and complete, plants cannot grow on the slope, and it is difficult to regreen. In the prior art, there are also means of covering the slope with soil and regreening, but combined with the actual technical problems of this solution, due to the large slope of the rock slope, first, the soil is difficult to stabilize on the slope, and the stability of the soil covering and regreening structure is poor, especially in the concentrated rainfall period from May to October, the conventional means of covering the slope with soil may have local collapse, slippage, etc., which not only leads to the failure of regreening, but also poses a major safety hazard; second, it is difficult for green plants to take root in the rock layer, and the surface soil covering of the rock slope has poor water retention performance. In the hot season, it is difficult for plants to survive, and manual watering and other maintenance work are required for a long time.

[0071] In the present application, in combination with the special step structure of the high and steep rock slope of the open-pit mine, the gentle section 10 is directly regreened, including: spraying the bottom layer 20, spraying the upper layer 21, and sowing and irrigating the surface layer 21 with mixed seeds. Sowing and irrigating refers to sowing and irrigation, and sowing can be done by spraying. The spraying thickness of the bottom layer is more than 5 cm, and the spraying thickness of the surface layer is more than 2 cm. The bottom layer 20 and the surface layer 21 are collectively referred to as the base layer. The base material is mainly local planting loam, and mixed materials such as fiber, binder, PAM, water retaining agent, compound fertilizer, husk, organic fertilizer, etc. are added to facilitate the bonding of the ecological slope protection layer and the growth of plants. Among them, the bottom layer 20 adopts a substrate with a certain viscosity and strength, which can be effectively attached to the slope surface, ensure the stability of the regreening structure, prevent the loss and collapse of the bottom layer, and provide a solid foundation support for the surface layer, thereby ensuring the durability and safety of the entire regreening project. The surface base layer 21 uses a substrate with a certain degree of stickiness and plantability, which can be firmly attached to the base layer and provide an environment suitable for plant growth, ensuring that the seeds are effectively fixed on the slope surface and germinate and grow smoothly, promoting vegetation coverage, and enhancing the ecological restoration effect and stability of the slope.

[0072] In the above embodiment, the greening method of spraying the bottom layer 20 and the upper layer 21 and sowing mixed seeds in the surface layer 21 can significantly improve the stability of the slope substrate, promote the rooting and growth of vegetation, effectively reduce the loss of base material, and ensure the ecological restoration and greening effect of the slope.

[0073] The reinforcement and greening of the steep section 11 includes: evaluating the stability of the gentle section 10 and the steep section 11, protecting the steep section 11 according to the evaluation results, and then greening the steep section 11. The greening method is the same as that of the gentle section 10, including spraying the bottom layer 20, spraying the upper layer 21, and sowing and irrigating the surface layer 21 with mixed seeds. The steep section 11 has a large slope and hard rock layer, and it is difficult to ensure stability and effect by directly greening. By setting up a protective structure in advance, the stability of the bottom layer 20 and the surface layer 21 sprayed later can be improved, creating favorable conditions for subsequent greening work, and ensuring the stability and effect of the greening structure.

[0074] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the protection of the steep section 11 includes structural protection and surface layer protection. Among them, structural protection: use grouting anchor rods 30 to form multiple anchor points in the steep section 11, lay steel-plastic geogrids 31 in the steep section 11, and set frame-type connecting steel bars 32 between each anchor point. The anchor rods can use Φ20 steel bars with a spacing of 3m×3m and a length of 0.5-1.0m; the connecting steel bars use Φ14 steel bars with a spacing of 3m×3m. It should be noted that the number and spacing of grouting anchor rods 30 and steel-plastic geogrids 31 on the slope surface depend on the evaluation results of the steep section 11. When the slope is large, the spacing between the anchor rods and the geogrid should be reduced. The inner part of the anchor rod hole is 8-9cm glued with plant glue or cement slurry, and the exposed part is painted with anti-rust paint. A plurality of anchor points are formed in the steep section 11 by grouting anchor rods 30, which are connected with the steel-plastic geogrid 31 and the connecting steel bars 32 to form a stable reinforcement network, which can improve the anti-slip and overall stability of the base layer with certain viscosity and strength on the slope.

[0075] Among them, surface layer protection: laying a protective net on the steep section 11 slope and spraying the bottom base 20, the specification of the protective net is 14#, the mesh size is 40mm×40mm, and the active protective net slope and the floating stones on the top of the slope are cleaned before spraying, and the bottom base is sprayed first and then the surface base. The protective net can be hung on the anchor rod and tied and fixed at the anchor rod hanging position. The edges of the protective net at the top and foot of the slope should be fixed. The protective net should fit tightly with the slope surface to avoid too many holes and gaps, and ensure that the protective net has sufficient protection and support for the vegetation base material. The protective net and the bottom base work together to protect the slope surface and ensure that the slope ecological slope protection layer remains stable under heavy rain, continuous moderate rain and earthquake conditions.

[0076] Structural protection, surface protection and shrubs and grasses growing in the substrate work together to reduce the erosion of the opposite base by heavy rain, ensure plant survival, and achieve maintenance-free after the growth and reproduction of the shrubs and grasses stabilize (about 2 years), thereby achieving a longer-term natural ecological recovery process.

[0077] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, regreening the steep section 11 includes:

[0078] The surface base layer 21 is sprayed on the bottom base layer 20 of the steep section 11, and mixed seeds are sown in the surface base layer 21. Combined with the environmental conditions of the target mine, the regreening plant community is initially dominated by herbs and vines, supplemented by shrubs. With the evolution of the plant community, it eventually forms a shrub-dominated community with herbs and vines as supplements. The plant species in the mixed seeds sown are mainly localized, and the plant species that can be selected are as follows:

[0079] Herbs: Bermuda grass, Rumex serrata, tall fescue, cosmos, etc.

[0080] Shrubs: Leucaena leucaena, Sophora japonica, Firethorn, Croton dahliae, etc.;

[0081] Vines: Ivy (planted from seedlings), Five-clawed Golden Dragon, Kudzu, Firework Flower (planted from seedlings), etc.

[0082] Plant downward climbing plants 4 at the top of the steep section 11 slope;

[0083] At the foot of the slope of the steep section 11, upward climbing plants 5 are planted.

[0084] In this embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, regreening the steep section 11 includes:

[0085] A drilling machine is used to drill multiple plant boreholes 110 with a depth of 50-100 cm on the slope at an angle of 30-60 degrees downward. The specific drilling angle is combined with the rock conditions of the slope, taking into account the construction convenience and the growth angle of the plant. The aperture of the plant borehole 110 includes at least one expansion section. For each plant borehole 110, multiple rooting boreholes 111 are drilled. The inside of the rooting borehole 111 is connected with the plant borehole 110 and radially penetrates the slope. After the plant borehole 110 is filled with ecological substrate, small shrubs 6 are transplanted for greening.

[0086] In the above embodiment, the plant drilling 110 plays a vital role in ecological restoration projects, especially on steep slopes dominated by rocks. The main purpose of the plant drilling is to provide a growth environment for the roots of shrubs, thereby utilizing the natural growth characteristics of shrubs to enhance the stability of the slope. Compared with the traditional anchor reinforcement method, using shrubs for ecological restoration is not only more environmentally friendly, but also promotes the natural recovery of the ecosystem and achieves a more harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

[0087] However, it is not easy to plant shrubs on rocky slopes. Due to the hardness of the rock and the steepness of the slope, it is often difficult for the roots of the shrubs to penetrate deeply and take root firmly. In order to solve this problem, an expansion section is specially added to the design of the plant drilling hole 110. This design cleverly increases the internal space of the borehole, allowing more ecological substrate to be filled, providing a wider development space for the roots of the shrubs. In this way, the roots of the shrubs can grow freely in the borehole, and the expansion section forms a root limiting structure. When encountering severe conditions such as strong winds or slope slippage, the roots and the expansion section work together to tightly fix the shrubs in the borehole, thereby effectively maintaining the stability of the slope.

[0088] In addition to increasing the internal space, the radial design of the rooting holes 111 is also a highlight of this technical solution. These holes penetrate radially from the plant holes 110 to the slope and connect to the base layer sprayed on the slope, providing more abundant growth space for the roots of the shrubs. The roots can penetrate deep into the surface of the slope along these rooting holes 111, deeply grasp the rocks, and closely combine with the soil of the slope base, thereby further enhancing the fixing effect of the shrubs and the rock mass. This design not only improves the pull-out resistance of the shrubs, but also allows the shrubs to better absorb moisture and nutrients from the surface of the slope to achieve healthy growth.

[0089] What is even more ingenious is that the rooting borehole 111 also has a drainage function. Since the rock layer has poor water permeability, if there is only the plant borehole 110, a large amount of rainwater will easily accumulate in the borehole during the rainy season and it will be difficult for it to penetrate into the rock layer. This will not only limit the growth space of the shrub's roots, but may also cause the roots to rot due to waterlogging, thereby affecting the survival rate of the shrub. The design of the rooting borehole 111 can drain the accumulated water in the borehole, avoiding this problem, thereby ensuring the normal growth and development of the shrub and forming an anchoring effect.

[0090] In summary, the design of the plant drilling holes 110 and the rooting drilling holes 111 cleverly solves the problem of planting shrubs on steep rock slopes. They not only provide a good growth environment for shrubs, but also enhance the stability of the slope surface and promote the recovery and development of the ecosystem. This ecological restoration method is not only more environmentally friendly and sustainable, but also has stronger stability.

[0091] Furthermore, the seeds include seeds of herbs, shrubs and vines. The germination rate of plant seeds should be tested before use. Seeds with a germination rate of more than 90% can be used. Seeds that are difficult to germinate should be germinated before use. The seeds should also include plant seeds picked from the surrounding environment of the slope. In the specific implementation process, some plant seeds need to be picked on site and added to the slope so that the regreened slope can be as coordinated as possible with the surrounding environment.

[0092] In this embodiment, Figure 4As shown, before laying the protective net, a horizontal straw stick 34 is set at a certain height along the slope surface, which can be set at a spacing of 1 meter. The straw stick 34 is fixed by an anchor rod. After the protective net is laid, the straw stick 34 and the protective net are tied and fixed. The straw stick can be made of straw bundles and placed horizontally in the protective net above a row of anchors. The middle part of the straw sticks between adjacent anchor rods is tied with the protective net. The purpose of the straw stick 34 is to prevent the substrate from sliding down during the spraying process; the protective net adopts a PVC plastic-coated net, the purpose of which is to achieve 10-20 years of corrosion protection. The rooting drilling hole 111 is located in the hole (exit) area of ​​the slope surface, covered with straw sticks 34, and the straw sticks 34 are fixed to the slope surface. The sprayed bottom base 20 and surface base 21 cover the straw sticks 34.

[0093] As described in the previous embodiment, the roots of the shrubs in the plant borehole 110 can grow from the rock to the base layer on the surface of the slope through the rooting borehole 111. However, in order to increase the strength of the base layer, a certain mass ratio of P32.5 cement may be added to the base layer 20, which is not conducive to the growth of the shrub roots. The roots may need to spend more time penetrating the base layer 20 to reach the surface layer and absorb water and nutrients. However, after the hole area of ​​the rooting borehole 111 located on the slope is covered with straw sticks 34, even if the sprayed base layer 20 contains a certain mass ratio of cement, due to the blocking and covering effect of the straw sticks 34, the roots of the shrubs can quickly penetrate the base layer 20 and enter the surface layer 21 through the straw sticks 34. The straw sticks 34 not only facilitate the penetration of the shrub roots, but also provide a humus environment conducive to the development of their roots.

[0094] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, the thickness of the subbase 20 is 7-10cm. The subbase 20 contains 5% P32.5 cement by mass to increase the bonding force between the subbase and the slope surface. The viscosity of the subbase was tested and no falling off was found after 2 days of heavy rain. The thickness of the surface base is 3-5cm. For areas with high temperature and large water evaporation, the overall thickness of the substrate should not be less than 12cm, and the local area should not be less than 10cm. When spraying, spray from bottom to top, first spray the slope foot and then the slope surface, and spray repeatedly to ensure the thickness of the matrix soil.

[0095] In this embodiment, the base layer 20 sprayed per square meter includes: 0.06-0.08 cubic meters of planting soil, 2-3 kg of fiber, 80 g of adhesive, 30-40 g of PAM, 60-80 g of water retaining agent, and 50 g of compound fertilizer. The surface layer 21 sprayed per square meter includes: 0.06-0.04 cubic meters of planting soil, 1.6-1.8 kg of rice husk, 1.6-1.8 kg of rice straw knots, 0.8-1 kg of wood fiber, 15 g of adhesive, 8-10 g of PAM, 8-10 g of water retaining agent, 6-8 kg of organic fertilizer, 30 g of compound fertilizer, and 55 g of seeds. For specific ingredients, please refer to the attached table of base layer ingredients. Fig. 9 .

[0096] The base layer ingredients improve the physical and chemical properties and ecological functions of the slope soil, enhance the stability of the slope and the growth conditions of vegetation, and provide a solid foundation for slope greening and ecological restoration.

[0097] The ingredients of the surface base not only effectively improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity and structural stability of the slope soil, but also achieve rapid greening and ecological diversity restoration by mixing a variety of shrub and grass seeds, providing a long-term solution for slope protection that is both economical and environmentally friendly. Fig.10 .

[0098] In the above embodiment, after the ecological restoration and protection construction of the steep rock slope in the open pit is completed, it is also necessary to monitor and maintain the project regularly.

[0099] The monitoring content includes the growth of green plants, the stability of the base, etc. In the rainy season, the scouring of the base by rainwater should be checked. Drainage pipes should be arranged vertically at the positions where there are traces of water scouring on the slope and gullies formed by scouring on the slope. The bottom base soil is sprayed into a water interception bank or a water interception ditch at the junction of the gentle slope and the steep slope to form a trumpet. The drainage pipe is set along the vertical scouring gully and fixed on the slope with anchors. The top water inlet of the drainage port is located at the trumpet of the water interception ditch. When the matrix soil is sprayed, the drainage pipe is covered. The drainage pipe can drain the surface water on the slope and reduce the impact of scouring.

[0100] Maintenance includes regular irrigation of the slope during the growth and germination period of the grass seeds in the base. A special micro-irrigation system can be set up to ensure that the spraying area is evenly distributed on the slope and can completely cover the regreening area, thereby ensuring the growth of green plants on the slope. After the growth of green plants on the slope is stable, the micro-irrigation system can be dismantled, maintenance can be stopped, and the natural restoration stage can be entered.

[0101] See also Figure 5-Figure 8 The present invention provides an embodiment of an open pit high and steep slope ecological restoration and protection device, which is used to drill the plant borehole 110 as described above, comprising:

[0102] Drill rod 7, drill bit 8 and axis adjustment device 9;

[0103] The drill bit 8 is connected to the end of the drill rod 7, and the axis adjustment device 9 is rotatably sleeved on the drill rod 7;

[0104] The diameter of the drill bit 8 is larger than the diameter of the drill rod 7, and the initial outer diameter of the axis adjustment device 9 is smaller than the diameter of the drill bit 8. The inner annular surface of the axis adjustment device 9 is rotatably matched with the drill rod 7, and the outer annular surface is provided with three radial contraction structures 91. When the radial contraction structure 91 is extended, the corresponding area of ​​the axis adjustment device 9 will exceed the diameter range of the drill bit 8.

[0105] contrast Figure 7 and Figure 8 The three groups of radial contraction structures 91 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the drill rod 7, with a mutual spacing of 120°. By controlling the expansion and contraction amount of each radial contraction structure 91, the offset amount between the axis of the drill rod 7 and the axis of the plant drilling hole 110 can be controlled. In this way, when the drill rod 7 drives the drill bit to rotate, the drill bit 8 can expand the edge of the plant drilling hole 110, thereby achieving the effect of drilling an expanded diameter section in the plant drilling hole 110, ensuring that the main aperture of the plant drilling hole 110 is small and the internal aperture is large, so that more matrix can be filled to facilitate the rooting and growth of shrubs. Then, the root system and the expanded diameter section form a limiting structure to increase the pull-out resistance of the shrubs and enhance the resistance of the greening structure to storms and slope sliding.

[0106] Further, the radial contraction structure 91 includes a guide groove 911, a telescopic body 912 and a telescopic power source 913;

[0107] The guide groove 911 includes two structural plates fixedly connected to the outer ring surface, and the telescopic body 912 is slidably arranged between the two structural plates, and the sliding direction is along the radial direction of the drill rod 7. The telescopic power source 913 is arranged between the outer ring surface and the telescopic body 912 and provides sliding power. The telescopic power source 913 can use an electric or pneumatic telescopic cylinder. The telescopic body 912 is provided with a plurality of protruding cones 90 on the end surface of the hole wall of the plant drilling hole 110. When the three groups of telescopic bodies 912 extend and abut against the hole wall of the plant drilling hole 110, the protruding cones 90 can ensure a firm abutment, which is convenient for the expansion of the drill bit.

[0108] Further, the drill bit 8 includes a body 80, a roller cutter 81 and a nozzle 82;

[0109] The tail end of the body 80 is connected to the drill rod 7, and the head end of the body 80 is a disc-shaped end face. Three rollers 81 are installed in a circle with equal spacing on the disc-shaped end face, and the axis of the roller 81 is parallel to the axis of the drill bit 8 body 80, and the circumferential surface of the roller 81 is provided with rolling teeth.

[0110] When the drill bit 8 rotates, the roller cutter 81 will insert the roller teeth into the rock tangentially, causing radial cracks on the rock surface; at the same time, the extension of the radial contraction structure 91 relative to the expansion area is used to apply thrust to the roller cutter. During the continuous rolling and breaking of the rock by the roller cutter, the cracks in the rock extend and penetrate, and the rock fragments collapse, thereby achieving rock breaking. After the rock breaking is completed, there will still be many cracks in the rock on the hole wall that has not fallen off in the expansion section. After filling the matrix, the moisture and nutrients in the matrix can penetrate into the cracks to a certain extent, and the roots of the shrubs can also enter the cracks to a certain extent, thereby further enhancing the binding of the roots of the shrubs with the cracks and improving the wind resistance and pull-out resistance of the shrubs.

[0111] In the adjacent area of ​​any two hobs 81, the hobbing teeth of the two hobs 81 are interlocked with each other; the nozzle 82 is arranged outside the middle area of ​​the two adjacent hobs 81, and the nozzle 82 faces the hobbing tooth interlocking area inside the two adjacent hobs 81. During the hole expansion process, the nozzle 82 can spray abrasive or cooling water to improve the hole expansion efficiency.

[0112] In summary, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art, can produce beneficial technical effects, and has significant progress.

[0113] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit, wherein the high and steep slopes in the open pit comprise a multi-layer step unit (1), wherein the step unit (1) comprises a gentle section (10) and a steep section (11) connected in sequence from top to bottom, and wherein: The flat section (10) is directly regreened, comprising: spraying a bottom layer (20) on the bottom layer, spraying a surface layer (21) on the upper layer, and sowing and irrigating mixed seeds in the surface layer (21); The reinforcement and regreening of the steep section (11) comprises: evaluating the stability of the gentle section (10) and the steep section (11), protecting the steep section (11) according to the evaluation result, and regreening the steep section (11); The regreening of the steep section (11) comprises: A plurality of plant boreholes (110) with a depth of 50-100 cm are drilled on the slope surface at an angle of 30-60° downward using a drilling machine, wherein the diameter of the plant boreholes (110) includes at least one enlarged diameter section, and the enlarged diameter section is used to form a root limiting structure; For each of the plant drilling holes (110), a plurality of rooting drilling holes (111) are drilled, wherein the interior of the rooting drilling holes (111) is connected to the plant drilling holes (110) and radially penetrates the slope surface; The plant drilling hole (110) is filled with ecological substrate and then small shrubs (6) are transplanted to restore greenness; A drilling machine for drilling plant holes (111) comprises: a drill rod (7), a drill bit (8) and an axis adjustment device (9); The drill bit (8) is connected to the end of the drill rod (7), and the axis adjustment device (9) is rotatably sleeved on the drill rod (7); The diameter of the drill bit (8) is greater than the diameter of the drill rod (7); the initial outer diameter of the axis adjustment device (9) is smaller than the diameter of the drill bit (8); the inner annular surface of the axis adjustment device (9) is rotatably matched with the drill rod (7); the outer annular surface is provided with three radial contraction structures (91); when the radial contraction structures (91) are extended, the corresponding area of ​​the axis adjustment device (9) will exceed the diameter range of the drill bit (8); the three radial contraction structures (91) extend out and abut against the hole wall of the plant drilling hole (110); by controlling the extension and contraction amount of each radial contraction structure (91), the offset of the central axis of the drill rod (7) relative to the central axis of the plant drilling hole (111) is adjusted, so that the drill bit (8) can drill an expanded diameter section in the plant drilling hole (111).

2. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Protecting the steep section (11) includes structural protection and surface protection; Structural protection: using grouting anchor rods (30) to form a plurality of anchor points in the steep section (11), laying a steel-plastic geogrid (31) in the steep section (11), and arranging frame-type connecting steel bars (32) between the anchor points; Surface layer protection: laying a protection net on the slope of the steep section (11) and spraying the base layer (20).

3. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Regreening of the steep section (11) includes: Spraying a surface base layer (21) on the bottom base layer (20) of the slope of the steep section (11), and sowing and irrigating the surface base layer (21) with mixed seeds; Plant downward climbing plants (4) at the top of the steep section (11); Climbing plants (5) are planted at the foot of the steep section (11) of the slope.

4. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The seeds include seeds of herbs, shrubs and vines, and the germination rate of the seeds is above 90%. The seeds that are difficult to germinate are subjected to germination treatment before use. The seeds also include plant seeds picked from the surrounding environment of the slope.

5. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: Before laying the protective net, a horizontal straw stick (34) is arranged at intervals of height along the slope surface, and the straw stick (34) is fixed by an anchor rod. After the protective net is laid, the straw stick (34) and the protective net are tied and fixed again; the protective net is a plastic-coated net.

6. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The rooting borehole (111) is located in the hole area of ​​the slope surface and is covered with straw sticks (34). The straw sticks (34) are fixed to the slope surface, and the sprayed bottom base layer (20) and surface base layer (21) cover the straw sticks (34).

7. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The base layer (20) is sprayed with a thickness of 7-10 cm, and the base layer (20) contains 5% by mass of P32.5 cement.

8. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The base layer (20) sprayed per square meter of area comprises: 0.06-0.08 cubic meters of planting soil; 2-3kg of fiber; 80g of adhesive; 30-40g of PAM; 60-80g of water-retaining agent; 50g of compound fertilizer.

9. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The surface base (21) sprayed per square meter area includes: 0.06-0.04 cubic meters of planting soil; 1.6-1.8 kg of husk; 1.6-1.8kg rice straw knots; 0.8-1kg of wood fiber; 15g of adhesive; 8-10 g of PAM; 8-10g of water-retaining agent; 6-8kg of organic fertilizer; 30g compound fertilizer; 55g seeds.

10. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial contraction structure (91) comprises a guide groove (911), a telescopic body (912) and a telescopic power source (913); The guide groove (911) comprises two structural plates fixedly connected to the outer ring surface, the telescopic body (912) is slidably arranged between the two structural plates, and the sliding direction is along the radial direction of the drill rod (7), and the telescopic power source (913) is arranged between the outer ring surface and the telescopic body (912) and provides sliding power.

11. The method for ecological restoration and protection of high and steep slopes in an open pit according to claim 10, characterized in that: The drill bit (8) comprises a body (80), a roller cutter (81) and a nozzle (82); The tail end of the body (80) is connected to the drill rod (7), the head end of the body (80) is a disc-shaped end surface, three rollers (81) are installed in a circular array at equal intervals on the disc-shaped end surface, and the axis of the roller (81) is parallel to the axis of the drill bit (8) body (80), and the circumferential surface of the roller (81) is provided with hobbing teeth; In adjacent areas of any two rollers (81), the roller teeth of the two rollers (81) are interlocked with each other; The nozzle (82) is arranged outside the middle area of ​​two adjacent roller cutters (81), and the nozzle (82) faces the gear-rolling engagement area inside the two adjacent roller cutters (81).

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