Application of plant source extract in saline-alkali soil crop stress resistance and yield increase

Abstract

The invention discloses application of a plant source extract in saline-alkali soil crop stress resistance and yield increase, and belongs to the technical field of plant growth regulation. Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower are crushed and sieved, deionized water is added, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction is adopted to obtain a water extract; and concentrating the water extracting solution, and freeze-drying to obtain extract dry powder, namely the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract. The concentration of the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is 1 microgram / mL, the saline-alkali soil is light and moderate coastal saline-alkali soil, and the salt content is 2.5-4 per mill; the crop is corn. The salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is sprayed on leaf surfaces of crops planted in the saline-alkali soil, and the spraying amount is 225-375L hm <-2 >. The salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is sprayed on leaf surfaces once in the large horn mouth period and the tasseling period of corn respectively, so that the salt tolerance of crops can be remarkably improved, the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the stomatal conductance, the dry weight of a single plant and the yield are improved, and the intercellular CO2 concentration of saline-alkali soil crops is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant growth regulation, and in particular to application of a plant-derived extract in stress resistance and yield increase of crops in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Due to the constant intrusion of seawater in coastal areas, too many soluble salts accumulate in the soil surface or soil body. Most coastal areas are dominated by chlorides. At present, the management of coastal saline-alkali soil includes planting salt-tolerant plants, freshwater leaching, chemical improvement, and biological improvement. Among them, chemical improvement and biological improvement are the most studied. Chemical improvement is to use some acidic salt substances to improve the properties of saline-alkali land, reduce the pH of the soil, increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, and reduce the salt content of the soil. Biological improvement is to introduce organisms or microorganisms to improve soil structure, increase organic matter, and promote salt degradation. The above-mentioned improvers are all added to saline-alkali land, and there are few reports on directly acting on crops to regulate salt-alkali tolerance.

[0003] Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower are both common and bulk Chinese medicinal materials in my country, with rich resource reserves. Salvia miltiorrhiza is bitter and slightly cold in nature. It can not only promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis, relieve pain, and relieve pain in menstruation, but also refresh and cool blood, eliminate restlessness and eliminate carbuncle. Salvia miltiorrhiza contains quinone components, protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, lactic acid, vitamin E and other components. Safflower is the dried flower of the safflower plant of the Asteraceae family. It is pungent, dispersing, warming and unblocking. It is good at promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, dredge menstruation and reducing swelling. It contains flavonoid components, phenolic components, fatty acid components and volatile components. At present, there are few studies on the co-extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower, such as the patent of application number CN202210689619.2, a Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower composite polysaccharide, its preparation method and application, and the patent of application number CN202411448148.1, a plant-derived Chinese medicine combination extract in regulating plant growth, which are all studies on the application of Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower composite polysaccharide in anti-oxidation or anti-drought stress and anti-low temperature stress. There has been no research on the use of the combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Safflower in the regulation of stress resistance in saline-alkali soil. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of a plant-derived extract in the stress resistance and yield increase of crops in saline-alkali land. The present invention extracts a mixture of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower, and the obtained extract is used to regulate the salt-alkali stress resistance of crops planted in saline-alkali land. The salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract of the present invention is sprayed on the leaves once at the tasseling stage and the tasseling stage of corn, which can significantly improve the salt tolerance of crops: increase the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, dry weight per plant and yield, and reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops in saline-alkali land.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The invention provides an application of a plant-derived extract in stress resistance and yield increase of crops in saline-alkali land. The plant-derived extract is a salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract. The salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is prepared by using salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower as raw materials, mixing them in a mass ratio of 1-10:1-10, and adopting a water extraction method.

[0006] Preferably, the mass ratio of Salvia miltiorrhiza to Carthamus tinctorius is 3:1.

[0007] Preferably, the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is prepared by the following method: (1) crushing salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower, sieving, adding deionized water, and performing water extraction with ultrasonic assistance to obtain a water extract; (2) The aqueous extract is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain a dry extract powder, which is the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract.

[0008] Preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of the salvia miltiorrhiza, safflower pollen and deionized water is 3:1:400.

[0009] Preferably, in step (1), the frequency of the ultrasonic assistance is 20 to 40 kHz, the power is 50 to 250 W, and the treatment time is 10 to 60 min.

[0010] Preferably, in step (2), the freeze-drying temperature is -30 to -60°C and the time is 24 to 72 hours.

[0011] Preferably, the concentration of the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is 1 μg / mL.

[0012] Preferably, the application includes increasing the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, dry weight per plant and yield of crops in saline-alkali land, and reducing the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops in saline-alkali land.

[0013] Preferably, the saline-alkali land is light to moderate coastal saline-alkali land with a salt content of 2-4‰; and the crop is corn.

[0014] Preferably, the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combination extract is sprayed on the leaves of crops grown in saline-alkali land at a spraying rate of 225-375 L hm -2 .

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The present invention extracts a mixture of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower, and the obtained extract is used to regulate the salt-alkali resistance of crops grown in saline-alkali land. The salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract of the present invention is sprayed on the leaves of corn once at the tasseling stage and the tasseling stage, which can significantly improve the salt tolerance of crops: increase the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, dry weight per plant and yield, and reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops in saline-alkali land.

[0016] (2) The present invention obtains a combined extract of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower by water extraction. The extract contains not only salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower complex polysaccharides, but also various substances such as proteins and trace elements. Its ability to regulate the stress resistance of crops in saline-alkali land is significantly better than that of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower complex polysaccharides. Compared with chemical synthetic agents, the combined extract of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower of the present invention has the advantages of being safer and having fewer side effects; acting on the leaves of crops, it can effectively activate the plant's defense mechanism and alleviate crop damage caused by salt stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 : Dry weight of maize plant in different treatment groups. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0019] As introduced in the background technology section, the current research on salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower mainly focuses on salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower polysaccharides, such as the application of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower polysaccharides in anti-oxidation or drought stress resistance and low temperature stress resistance. There is no research on the use of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combination in saline-alkali land stress regulation.

[0020] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of a plant-derived extract in the stress resistance and yield increase of crops in saline-alkali land. The present invention mixes salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower for water extraction, and the obtained extract contains not only salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower complex polysaccharides, but also various substances such as protein and trace elements. The effect of using the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract to regulate the salt-alkali stress resistance of crops planted in saline-alkali land is significantly better than using salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower complex polysaccharides or single salvia miltiorrhiza extract and safflower extract. Spraying the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract on the leaves of corn once in the trumpeting stage and the tasseling stage can significantly improve the salt tolerance of crops: increase the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, dry weight per plant and yield, and reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops in saline-alkali land.

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0022] Note: According to the "Third National Soil Survey Soil Salinity Classification Standard" in the "Implementation Plan for Special Survey of Saline-Alkali Soils", the salinity classification of saline-alkali farmland in coastal areas is based on the salt content of the 0~20 cm topsoil layer (g / kg): mild is 1~2, moderate is 2~4, severe is 4~6, and saline soil / alkaline soil> 6. Calculated in ‰, soil with a salt content of 2~4‰ is light to moderate saline-alkali soil.

[0023] The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional test materials in the art and can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0024] Example Take 3 g of Danshen and 1 g of Carthamus tinctorius, crush them and pass through a 40-mesh sieve; add 400 g of deionized water; perform ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides, with an ultrasonic frequency of 30 KHz, a power of 150 W, and an ultrasonic time of 30 min. The water extract is concentrated to a viscous state (water content of 25 wt%) and freeze-dried at -30 ° C for 48 h to obtain a Danshen-Carthamus tinctorius combined extract.

[0025] Comparative Example 1 Take 3 g of Danshen and 1 g of Carthamus tinctorius, crush and pass through a 40-mesh sieve; add 400 g of deionized water; perform ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides, the ultrasonic frequency is 30KHz, the power is 150 W, and the ultrasonic time is 30 min. After extraction, centrifuge and filter to obtain a water extract, and add sevage reagent (n-butanol: chloroform in a volume ratio of 1:4) to the water extract to remove protein. The mass ratio of water extract to sevage reagent is 4:1. Take the upper aqueous phase and add ethanol to make the final ethanol concentration about 70wt%, refrigerate and stand at 4℃, filter after 24 hours, and freeze-dry at -30℃ for 48 hours to obtain Danshen and Carthamus tinctorius composite polysaccharide.

[0026] Comparative Example 2 The difference from the embodiment is that no safflower is added, and the salvia miltiorrhiza extract is finally obtained.

[0027] Comparative Example 3 The difference from the embodiment is that no salvia miltiorrhiza is added, and the safflower extract is finally obtained.

[0028] Test example 1. Experimental Setup The field experiment was conducted in the saline-alkali land center of the Agricultural High-tech Zone of Dongying City, Shandong Province (37°29′33″N, 118°63′59″E), which belongs to the warm temperate monsoon climate, with distinct four seasons, sufficient sunlight, and an average annual temperature of 12.8℃. The pH is 7.35, and the salt content is 2~4‰, which belongs to mild to moderate coastal saline-alkali land.

[0029] The experimental material is maize variety MY73, which was sown on June 10, 2023, with a planting density of 67,500 plants hm2. -2 The row spacing was 60 cm and the plant spacing was 24.5 cm. The fertilizer used in the experiment was active humic acid compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=26:11:14), and the application rate was 750 kg hm -2, applied once before sowing. Finely prepare the land and make soil moisture before sowing, set seedlings at the 3-leaf stage to reach the designed density, irrigate according to weather conditions and soil moisture, and prevent and control pests and diseases in time; other cultivation and management measures are the same as local farmers' habits. When corn grows to the set growth period, spray the leaves with exogenous substances.

[0030] The experiment was divided into 5 groups: a blank control group (equal amount of water), an example group, and comparative examples 1 to 3. The concentration of the example group was 1 μg / mL, the concentration of the comparative example 2 group was the same as the concentration of the salvia miltiorrhiza extract contained in the example, and the concentration of the comparative example 3 group was the same as the concentration of the safflower extract contained in the example.

[0031] The experiment was carried out by spraying the leaves of corn once at the tasseling stage (V9) and the tasseling stage (VT). The spraying volume was 300 L hm-1 using an electric sprayer. -2 No other chemical control agents were used during the growth period. The planting scale of each group was: 8m long, 5m wide, and an area of ​​40 m 2 .

[0032] 2. Measurement items and methods 2.1 Leaf photosynthetic performance 2.1.1 Leaf area index and leaf photosynthetic potential Each group was treated at the flowering stage (R1), milky stage (R3) and mature stage (R6). Five plants with consistent growth were selected in the field, and the length and width of all their green leaves were measured to calculate the leaf area index (LAI) and leaf photosynthetic potential (LAD). Leaf area per fully expanded leaf (cm 2 ) = leaf length (cm) × leaf width (cm) × 0.75; Leaf area of ​​unexpanded leaves (cm 2 ) = leaf length (cm) × leaf width (cm) × 0.5; Leaf area index (LAI) = (leaf area per plant × number of plants per unit land area) / unit land area. LAD=(LA2+LA1) / 2×(t2-t1); Where LA1 and LA2 are the leaf area index per unit land area in the time periods t1 and t2, respectively.

[0033] 2.1.2 Gas exchange parameters In the R1 and R3 stages, the CIRAS-Ⅱ photosynthetic instrument (PP Systems, USA) was used to monitor the growth of the plants at 1600 µmol m -2 s -1The photosynthetic performance of ear leaves was determined under different light intensity conditions. Ten representative plants were selected from each plot to determine the photosynthetic performance of ear leaves: net photosynthetic rate of ear leaves (Pn, μmol m -2 s -1 ), transpiration rate (Tr, mmol m -2 s -1 )、Stomatal conductance(Gs,mmol m -2 s -1 ) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, μmol mol -1 ).

[0034] 2.2 Dry matter accumulation Five plants with the same growth were selected for each treatment at the flowering stage (R1), milky stage (R3) and mature stage (R6). The aboveground parts were separated into kraft paper bags according to the stems (including leaf sheaths), leaves, female ears (cobs + grains), male ears and bracts, and placed in an oven at 105℃ for 30 min, then dried at 80℃ to constant weight, and the dry weight was weighed after cooling.

[0035] 2.3 Output and output components During the corn harvest period, a 5 m long × 3 row wide plot with uniform growth was selected for harvesting and yield measurement. The number of plants, ears and double ear rate per unit area were counted. After natural air drying, the number of ear rows, ears per hectare and 1000-grain weight (water content 14%) were counted indoors and the yield per hectare was converted.

[0036] Production (kg / hm 2 ) = number of ears per hectare × grain weight per ear × thousand-grain weight.

[0037] 3. Test results 3.1 Leaf photosynthetic performance The photosynthetic performance of leaves is shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0038] Table 1 Leaf area index and photosynthetic potential It can be seen from Table 1 that the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of the embodiment group are significantly higher than those of the comparative examples 2 and 3. This indicates that the effect of extracting the combination of salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower is significantly higher than that of the single salvia miltiorrhiza extract or safflower extract. The leaf area index and photosynthetic potential of the embodiment group are higher than those of the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower composite polysaccharide group of comparative example 1. This indicates that foliar spraying of the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combination extract prepared in the embodiment is beneficial to increasing the leaf area index of summer corn under salt stress in saline-alkali land, so that it maintains a high green leaf area during the growth period. The increase in leaf photosynthetic potential improves the photosynthetic performance of the plant, which is beneficial to the accumulation of biomass of the plant population.

[0039] Table 2 Leaf gas exchange parameters According to Table 2, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the embodiment group are significantly higher than those of the comparative examples 2 to 3, and the intercellular CO2 concentration is significantly lower than that of the comparative examples 2 to 3. At the same time, the leaf gas exchange performance of the embodiment group is also higher than that of the comparative example 1 group, indicating that the foliar spraying of the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combination extract prepared in the embodiment is better than the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower compound polysaccharide in regulating the salt and alkali tolerance of crops, providing a guarantee for biomass accumulation and yield improvement.

[0040] 3.2 Dry matter accumulation The dry matter accumulation is shown in Table 3 and Figure 1 .

[0041] Table 3 Dry matter According to Table 3, compared with the blank control group, the dry matter mass of the embodiment group is higher than that of the comparative examples 1 to 3. This indicates that the prepared salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is better than salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower composite polysaccharide in improving the dry matter mass, which is beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter mass.

[0042] 3.3 Output and output components The corn yield and yield components of different treatment groups are shown in Table 4.

[0043] Table 4 Corn yield and its components in different treatment groups According to Table 4, compared with the blank control group, the yield of the embodiment group is 12272 kg / hm2. 2 , the increase was 17.30%, which was significantly higher than the increase of the comparative examples 1 to 3. This indicates that the present invention can significantly increase the yield of moderate salt-alkali tolerant low-medium corn by extracting Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower together, that is, significantly improve the ability of corn to tolerate moderate salt-alkali.

[0044] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An application of a plant-derived extract in increasing the yield of crops in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The plant-derived extract is a salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract; the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is prepared by using salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower as raw materials, mixing them in a mass ratio of 1-10:1-10, and adopting a water extraction method.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Salvia miltiorrhiza to Carthamus tinctorius is 3:

1.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combination extract is prepared by the following method: (1) crushing salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower, sieving, adding deionized water, and performing water extraction with ultrasonic assistance to obtain a water extract; (2) The aqueous extract is concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain a dry extract powder, which is the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the mass ratio of the salvia miltiorrhiza, safflower pollen and deionized water is 3:1:

400.

5. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (1), the frequency of the ultrasonic assistance is 20 to 40 kHz, the power is 50 to 250 W, and the treatment time is 10 to 60 min.

6. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (2), the freeze-drying temperature is -30 to -60°C and the time is 24 to 72 hours.

7. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower combined extract is 1 μg / mL.

8. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application includes increasing the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, dry weight per plant and yield of crops in saline-alkali land, and reducing the intercellular CO2 concentration of crops in saline-alkali land.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The saline-alkali land is a light to moderate coastal saline-alkali land with a salt content of 2~4‰; the crop is corn.

10. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined extract of Danshen and Safflower was sprayed on the leaves of crops grown in saline-alkali land at a spraying rate of 225-375 L hm -2 .

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