Flotation separation method for galena and chalcopyrite

Abstract

The invention discloses a galena and chalcopyrite flotation separation method, and belongs to the technical field of mineral flotation. The invention provides a combined inhibitor which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10%-30% of sodium persulfate, 20%-50% of sodium sulfate, 10%-40% of FeSO4. 7H2O and 20%-30% of CuSO4, and copper concentrate and lead concentrate are obtained through a flotation process of one-time roughing and two-time concentration. The combined inhibitor is wide in source, free of hazardous chemicals, low in price and high in adaptability to pH of ore pulp, inhibitor raw materials are regenerated under the action of an electric field, the purpose that the inhibitor is repeatedly used seven times after one-time feeding can be achieved, and the dosage of agents is remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a flotation separation method for galena and chalcopyrite, and belongs to the technical field of mineral flotation. Background Art

[0002] Galena is the main ore of lead. Since galena contains lead and by-products such as silver (Ag) are produced during the extraction process, its economic value is not limited to the production of lead.

[0003] In actual mineral processing, the separation of galena and chalcopyrite is more complicated, because they often coexist densely in lead-zinc sulfide metal deposits, have similar floatability, and their physical and chemical properties are relatively similar, especially their responses to common collectors during flotation are similar. Therefore, different physical and chemical beneficiation methods, such as flotation, are needed to effectively separate the two by using different collectors, inhibitors and adjusting slurry conditions.

[0004] However, during the flotation process, there is a certain overlap in the responses of chalcopyrite and galena to pulp pH, ion concentration and inhibitors, which makes it difficult to achieve effective separation through a single flotation reagent system. Although inhibitors such as cyanide or sodium sulfide can inhibit chalcopyrite, they often affect the flotation performance of galena, resulting in a reduced recovery rate. Coupled with the complexity of pulp components, mineral surface characteristics and bubble behavior in the flotation environment, the effective separation of galena and chalcopyrite requires precise reagent ratios, pulp condition control and optimization of operating parameters, which makes this process highly technical and difficult.

[0005] With the increasing scarcity of resources, traditional inhibitors can hardly meet the requirements of mineral separation. In order to solve this problem, sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) / sodium sulfate, ferrous ions and copper ions are combined as galena inhibitors. At the same time, an electric field is applied to the slurry to promote the regeneration of the inhibitor. The inhibitor can be recycled multiple times after one feeding, thus completing the oxidation inhibition of galena. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the current flotation separation process of galena and chalcopyrite, a flotation separation method of galena and chalcopyrite is provided, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) The lead-copper mixed ore is ground to obtain ore slurry.

[0008] (2) Adding a collector and a frother to the ore pulp obtained in step (1) to perform a roughing operation to obtain a mixed concentrate.

[0009] (3) Adding a combined depressant to the mixed concentrate obtained in step (2) and performing a primary concentration to obtain a concentrate.

[0010] The dosage of the combined inhibitor is 1-4 kg / t, and the combined inhibitor comprises, calculated by mass percentage, 10%-30% of sodium persulfate, 20%-50% of sodium sulfate, 10%-40% of FeSO4·7H2O and 20%-30% of CuSO4; wherein the total mass percentage of sodium persulfate, sodium sulfate, FeSO4·7H2O and CuSO4 is 100%.

[0011] (4) The concentrate after the first concentration is further concentrated (no reagents are added in the second concentration) to obtain copper concentrate and lead concentrate.

[0012] (5) The bottom products of the first roughing and first cleaning tanks are treated with an external electric field to obtain a regenerated combined inhibitor.

[0013] Preferably, the pH of the slurry in step (1) is 3-6.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of collector and foaming agent used in step (2) is 100-300 g / t for collector and 50-200 g / t for foaming agent.

[0015] Preferably, the rough selection time in step (2) is 5 to 11 minutes.

[0016] Preferably, the cleaning time in step (3) is 5 to 15 minutes.

[0017] Preferably, the secondary selection time in step (4) is 5 to 15 minutes.

[0018] Preferably, the action potential of the electric field in step (5) is 1.2 to 3.6 V, and the duration is 10 to 40 minutes.

[0019] There is no special requirement for the collector and foaming agent used in the present invention, and any common collector and foaming agent in the art can be used.

[0020] Principle of the invention: Na2S2O8, sodium sulfate, ferrous iron and copper ions are combined to form a kind of advanced oxidation process. In the reaction process, metal ions play a catalytic role and can produce a large amount of SO4 with strong oxidizing ability. - Free radicals. This SO4 - Free radicals can oxidize the surface of galena to generate oxygen-containing compound sulfate, which reduces the hydrophobicity of the galena surface. At the same time, they have a lower impact on the hydrophobicity of chalcopyrite, thereby achieving the separation effect of galena and chalcopyrite.

[0021] Under the action of electric field, the cathode reaction is: Fe 3+ Gaining electrons and being reduced to Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ Reduced to Cu + ; The anode reaction is, SO4 2-Lose electrons and be oxidized to S2O8 2- . Thus, under the action of electrolysis, the original inhibitor is recovered in the slurry, achieving the effect of repeated use.

[0022] Beneficial Effects of the Invention

[0023] (1) Combined inhibitors are widely available, non-hazardous chemicals, and inexpensive.

[0024] (2) It can be used in the pH range of 3 to 7 and has strong adaptability to the pH of the slurry

[0025] (3) By regenerating the inhibitor raw materials through the action of the electric field, the combined inhibitor can be used repeatedly for seven times after one batch, which significantly reduces the amount of reagents used.

[0026] (4) The process is simple and reliable, with high mineral processing efficiency and easy operation, which can significantly reduce mineral processing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a flotation process schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and through specific implementation methods. However, the following embodiments are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The lead-copper mixed ore used in this embodiment comes from a copper-lead-zinc polymetallic sulfide mine in Yunnan, with a copper grade of 0.9245%, a lead grade of 1.302%, and a zinc grade of 2.35%.

[0031] The components and mass percentages of the combined inhibitor used in this embodiment are: 30% sodium persulfate, 30% sodium sulfate, 20% FeSO4·7H2O, and 20% CuSO4.

[0032] A flotation separation method for galena and chalcopyrite, the specific steps are as follows:

[0033] (1) Grind the lead-copper mixed ore and prepare the slurry with H2SO4 to make the pH of the slurry 4.5.

[0034] (2) Add 100 g / t of sodium xanthate and 50 g / t of butyl ether alcohol to the slurry obtained in step (1) to carry out a roughing process for 8 minutes to obtain a mixed concentrate.

[0035] (3) Add 800 g / t of combined depressant to the mixed concentrate obtained in step (2) and perform a concentration for 12 min to obtain a concentrate.

[0036] (4) The concentrate after the first concentration is subjected to a second concentration (no reagent is added in the second concentration), the concentration time is 10 minutes, and copper concentrate and lead concentrate are obtained.

[0037] (5) The bottom products of the primary roughing and primary cleaning tanks were treated with an external electric field for 30 minutes. The potential of the external electric field was 2.2 V, and 750 g of regenerated combined inhibitor was obtained.

[0038] The final copper concentrate contains 25.31% copper and 3.10% lead, and the lead concentrate contains 68.53% lead and 0.41% copper.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] The raw ore used in this embodiment comes from a copper-lead-zinc sulfide mine in Yunnan, containing 0.61% copper, 2.39% lead, and 5.09% zinc. Its mixed concentrate contains 9.7% copper, 40.20% lead, 3.09% zinc, 25.46% sulfur, and 11.43% iron.

[0041] The components and contents of the combined inhibitor used in this embodiment are: 10% sodium persulfate, 20% sodium sulfate, 40% FeSO4·7H2O, and 30% CuSO4.

[0042] A flotation separation method for galena and chalcopyrite, the specific steps are as follows:

[0043] (1) Grind the lead-copper mixed ore and prepare the slurry with H2SO4 to make the pH of the slurry 7.

[0044] (2) Add 100 g / t of ethionamide and 50 g / t of ethyl ether alcohol to the slurry obtained in step (1) and perform a roughing process for 5 min to obtain a mixed concentrate.

[0045] (3) Add 1 kg / t of combined depressant to the mixed concentrate obtained in step (2) and perform a concentration for 5 min to obtain a concentrate.

[0046] (4) The concentrate after the first concentration is subjected to a second concentration (no reagent is added in the second concentration), the concentration time is 15 minutes, and copper concentrate and lead concentrate are obtained.

[0047] The final copper concentrate contains 25.49% copper and 2.98% lead, and the lead concentrate contains 69.37% lead and 0.31% copper.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] The raw ore used in this embodiment comes from a copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore, containing 1.57% copper, 4.47% lead and 7.83% zinc.

[0050] The components and contents of the combined inhibitor used in this embodiment are: 10% sodium persulfate, 50% sodium sulfate, 10% FeSO4·7H2O, and 30% CuSO4.

[0051] A flotation separation method for galena and chalcopyrite, the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] (1) Grind the lead-copper mixed ore and prepare the slurry with H2SO4 to make the pH of the slurry 3.

[0053] (2) Add 200 g / t of ethionamide and 100 g / t of pine oil to the slurry obtained in step (1) to carry out a roughing process for 11 min to obtain a mixed concentrate.

[0054] (3) Add 2 kg / t of combined depressant to the mixed concentrate obtained in step (2) and perform a concentration once for 15 min to obtain a concentrate.

[0055] (4) The concentrate after the first concentration is subjected to a second concentration (no reagent is added in the second concentration), the concentration time is 5 minutes, and copper concentrate and lead concentrate are obtained.

[0056] The final copper concentrate contains 25.621% copper and 2.92% lead, and the lead concentrate contains 68.87% lead and 0.35% copper.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] In this example, the regenerated combined inhibitor obtained in Example 1 was used to perform flotation separation on an ore from a copper-lead sulfide ore in Qinghai, wherein the galena content was 2.79% and the chalcopyrite content was 1.45%. The specific steps were the same as those in Example 1. The copper concentrate finally obtained contained 25.26% copper and 3.05% lead, and the lead concentrate contained 68.15% lead and 0.42% copper, indicating that the regenerated combined inhibitor can be recycled and has a good effect. It was finally verified that the combined inhibitor of the present invention can be reused 7 times.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] In comparison, the difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the inhibitors used are different. The inhibitors used in this comparative example are 40% water glass, 20% sodium sulfite and 40% CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose). The amounts of the inhibitors and other chemicals are the same as those in Example 1, and the flotation process is also the same as that in Example 1. The copper concentrate finally obtained contains 23.30% copper and 3.30% lead, and the lead concentrate contains 64.66% lead and 0.5% copper. It can be seen that the flotation separation effect of using the combined inhibitor of the present invention is better, and the combined inhibitor of this comparative example cannot be used repeatedly.

Claims

1. A flotation separation method for galena and chalcopyrite, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) grinding the lead-copper mixed ore to obtain ore slurry; (2) adding a collector and a frother to the ore pulp obtained in step (1) to perform a roughing operation to obtain a mixed concentrate; (3) adding a combined depressant to the mixed concentrate obtained in step (2) to perform a primary concentration to obtain a concentrate; The dosage of the combined inhibitor is 1-4 kg / t, and the combined inhibitor includes, by mass percentage, 10-30% sodium persulfate, 20-50% sodium sulfate, 10-40% FeSO4·7H2O and 20-30% CuSO4; wherein the total mass percentage of sodium persulfate, sodium sulfate, FeSO4·7H2O and CuSO4 is 100%; (4) The concentrate after primary concentration is further subjected to secondary concentration to obtain copper concentrate and lead concentrate; (5) The bottom products of the first roughing and first cleaning tanks are treated with an external electric field to obtain a regenerated combined inhibitor.

2. The flotation separation method of galena and chalcopyrite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH of the slurry in step (1) is 3-6.

3. The flotation separation method of galena and chalcopyrite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage of the collector and the foaming agent in step (2) is 100-300 g / t of the collector and 50-200 g / t of the foaming agent.

4. The flotation separation method of galena and chalcopyrite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time for a rough selection in step (2) is 5 to 11 minutes.

5. The flotation separation method of galena and chalcopyrite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time for one selection in step (3) is 5 to 15 minutes.

6. The flotation separation method of galena and chalcopyrite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary selection time in step (4) is 5 to 15 minutes.

7. The flotation separation method of galena and chalcopyrite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric field in step (5) has an action potential of 1.2 to 3.6 V and lasts for 10 to 40 minutes.

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