Balanced and optimized wedge block multi-fulcrum positioning method and clamp

Abstract

According to the balanced and optimized wedge block multi-fulcrum positioning method and clamp, a locking sleeve (6), a clamp body (4) and a positioning sleeve (8) are coaxially connected in a sleeved mode from outside to inside, a pressing ring (5) is connected between the inner wall of the front end of the locking sleeve (6) and the outer wall of the front end of the clamp body (4) in an embedded mode, and a large compression spring (10) and a small compression spring (13) are arranged on the rear section and the front end of the axis of the positioning sleeve (8) respectively; the axial elastic force supporting effect of the large and small two-stage compression springs is applied to the wedge block set and the rear end of the workpiece from back to front, the wedge block set is pushed forwards by a conical opening face of the inner edge of the front end of the clamp body, the wedge blocks are extruded by the inner edge of the front end face of the pressing ring from front to back, and when the inner edges of the multiple wedge blocks make contact with the uneven outer wall of the workpiece, self-adaptive profiling adjustment is achieved; and a balanced clamping and abutting surface is formed. A multi-fulcrum concentric enclosing clamping acting force system of the wedge-shaped block on a workpiece is effectively optimized, two-stage adjustment radial and axial composite adjustment is adopted, self-adaptive profiling clamping is conducted on the appearance of the workpiece, the machining efficiency and the machining precision are improved, and the machining cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of clamping devices for mechanical treatment or finishing of metal surfaces by machine tools of IPC classification B23P9 / 00, and in particular relates to an improved wedge block positioning method and a fixture structure improvement technology for mechanical treatment or finishing of metal surfaces by machine tools. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the equipment manufacturing industry, the demand for workpiece grinding is also increasing. The grinding of workpieces requires the use of positioning fixtures for positioning and clamping. Usually, the positioning fixtures use elastic clamps or coaxial wedge blocks. On the basis of this long-standing traditional mature technology, it is difficult to further improve the processing accuracy and adaptability to the workpiece. Improved technologies are mostly explored based on the actual use conditions of on-site processing.

[0003] Chinese patent application 202021386985.3 discloses a multi-point elastic top tightening device for a workpiece plane, comprising a fixed seat, a freely rotatable spindle and an elastic top piece arranged in the fixed seat, wherein the elastic top piece comprises an annular body arranged at the end of the spindle and at least three top blocks arranged on the annular body, and a spring is arranged between the top block and the annular body. The workpiece is pressed against the workpiece positioning sleeve by applying pressure at multiple points of a highly rigid rectangular spring, and at least three top blocks arranged symmetrically around the center can apply pressure to the workpiece individually, independently and evenly to avoid the influence of the workpiece flatness.

[0004] Although similar newly disclosed literature has noted that the non-uniformity of workpiece shape and material has limited the pain point of the existing technology that a single clamp or clamp block is difficult to radially adapt to the workpiece shape, and the improved technology has achieved many different practical effects, it still cannot change the situation of low processing efficiency and relatively high processing cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention proposes a balanced and optimized wedge block multi-support positioning method and fixture to solve the above-mentioned prior art problems. It adopts radial and axial adjustments including two-stage adjustment to adaptively adjust the workpiece shape, effectively optimize the multi-support concentric enclosing clamping force system of the wedge block on the workpiece, improve processing efficiency and processing accuracy, and reduce processing costs.

[0006] To this end, the present invention comprises: a clamp body, a clamping ring, a locking sleeve, a positioning sleeve, a wedge block group, a large compression spring, a small compression spring and a steel ball. The locking sleeve, the clamp body and the positioning sleeve are coaxially sleeved from outside to inside, the inner wall of the rear end of the locking sleeve with a tubular structure is screwed to the outer wall of the rear end of the clamp body with a circular tubular structure, a clamping ring is embedded between the inner wall of the front end of the locking sleeve and the outer wall of the front end of the clamp body, and the positioning sleeve is slidably lined in the clamp body; a wedge block group is arranged adjacent to the right side and the front side of the front end of the positioning sleeve, and the wedge block group consists of a plurality of radially separated single wedge blocks; a large compression spring and a small compression spring are arranged at the rear section and the front end on the central axis of the positioning sleeve respectively; a steel ball is embedded in a groove between the outer wall of the rear section of the clamping ring and the inner wall of the front end of the locking sleeve; the middle part of the front end of the wedge block group as a whole is a protruding conical surface, and the outer edge of the rear side of the wedge block group as a whole is a conical surface inclined to shrink backward; the inner edge of the front port of the clamp body is a concave conical surface and cooperates with the outer edge of the rear side of the wedge block group, the front end of the clamping ring protrudes forward and extends out with a concentric shrinkage, and the inner edge is pressed onto the outer edge of the front end of the wedge block group. The axial elastic support of the large compression spring is applied to the left end face of the wedge block from back to front, and the axial elastic support of the small compression spring is applied to the rear end of the workpiece from back to front; the tapered mouth of the inner edge of the front end of the clamp body pushes the wedge block group forward, and at the same time, the inner edge of the front end face of the clamping ring squeezes the wedge block group from front to back, and the inner edges of the multiple wedge blocks of the wedge block group are adaptively contoured and adjusted when contacting the uneven outer wall of the workpiece to form a balanced clamping and pressing surface.

[0007] Wherein, a shaft top screw is installed at the middle and rear part of the central shaft in the positioning sleeve, and the front end of the large compression spring is pressed against the rear end of the shaft top screw.

[0008] The small compression spring is sleeved on a second cylindrical pin installed in the middle of the front end of the positioning sleeve. The front end of the second cylindrical pin protrudes outward to block the front end of the small compression spring. The front end of the second cylindrical pin is located in the central axis hole at the front end of the wedge block group.

[0009] A long cylindrical end set screw is radially installed on the inner wall of the rear section of the clamp body, and the inner end of the long cylindrical end set screw is clamped into the axial guide groove opened on the outer wall of the rear part of the positioning sleeve.

[0010] A first cylindrical pin is radially mounted on the outer wall of the front section of the clamp body, and the outer end of the first cylindrical pin is inserted into an axial guide groove opened on the inner wall of the rear portion of the clamping ring.

[0011] Furthermore, to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows:

[0012] In particular, a steel ball is installed in the radial through hole on the front outer wall of the locking sleeve, and a part of the ball crown of the steel ball is inserted into the open ring groove on the rear outer wall of the clamping ring, and the outer side of the steel ball is sealed with a flat-end set screw.

[0013] In particular, the rear end of the clamp body is fixedly connected to the front end surface of the rotating spindle through a hexagonal cylindrical end screw.

[0014] In particular, the rear end of the large compression spring is clamped in the front end blind hole of the axial push rod of the central axis portion of the front end of the rotary main shaft.

[0015] Particularly, a tubular groove-shaped inner lubricating cavity is opened in the middle section of the inner wall of the clamp body or the middle section of the outer wall of the positioning sleeve.

[0016] In particular, an external lubricating cavity with a pipe groove structure gap is arranged between the inner wall of the middle part of the locking sleeve and the outer wall of the positioning sleeve, and a limiting ring is screwed on the rear end of the external lubricating cavity, that is, the inner wall of the rear part of the locking sleeve.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the outer side is screwed with the locking sleeve, combined with the large compression spring and the small compression spring two-stage axial elastic force support, and the radial and axial sliding adjustment of the locking sleeve-clamp body-pressure ring is transmitted to the inner edge of the front end surface of the wedge block, forming multi-point contact with the outer edge of the clamped workpiece, adaptively forming a balanced pressing surface, maintaining the stability of the workpiece clamping, and installing the workpiece conveniently, quickly and stably, with simple and flexible operation, and improving the workpiece processing accuracy. The processing efficiency is significantly improved, and the versatility is strong. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The following drawings are for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. By referring to the following drawings, readers can understand the embodiments of the present invention and further understand the advantages and technical features of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals include:

[0021] 1-grinding wheel, 2-workpiece, 3-rotating spindle, 4-clamp body, 5-clamping ring, 6-locking sleeve, 7-axis top screw, 8-positioning sleeve, 9-wedge block group, 10-large compression spring, 11-long cylindrical end set screw, 12-first cylindrical pin, 13-small compression spring, 14-hexagonal cylindrical end screw, 15-second cylindrical pin, 16-flat end set screw, 17-steel ball, 18-axis push rod, 19-inner lubrication chamber, 20-outer lubrication chamber, 21-limiting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In the description of the present invention, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover other possible choices under the same logic that are not listed; the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", etc. do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. In addition, the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship where the invention product is usually placed when used, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0023] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. In the event of a conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0025] The present invention comprises: a clamp body 4, a clamping ring 5, a locking sleeve 6, a positioning sleeve 8, a wedge block group 9, a large compression spring 10, a small compression spring 13 and a steel ball 17.

[0026] The principle of the balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning method in the present invention is that the axial elastic force support of the large compression spring 10 is applied to the left end face of the wedge block group 9 from back to front, and the axial elastic force support of the small compression spring 13 is applied to the rear end of the workpiece 2 from back to front; the wedge block group 9 is pushed forward by the tapered mouth of the inner edge of the front end of the clamping body 4, and at the same time, the inner edge of the front end face of the clamping ring 5 squeezes the wedge block group 9 from front to back, and the inner edges of the multiple wedge blocks of the wedge block group 9 are adaptively contoured and adjusted when contacting the uneven outer wall of the workpiece to form a balanced clamping and pressing surface.

[0027] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only embodiments of a part of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.

[0029] The content of the present invention can be more easily understood by selecting the following preferred implementation methods of the present invention and the embodiments included. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. When there is a conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.

[0030] Embodiment 1: As attached Figure 1 As shown, the clamp body 4 is fixed to the rotary spindle 3 by three hexagon socket cylindrical end screws 14, and the axial top screw 7 for axial positioning of the workpiece 2 is spirally fixed in the positioning sleeve 8 for axial positioning of the wedge block group 9; the positioning sleeve 8 is coaxially sleeved in the clamp body 4, and the cylindrical inner end of the long cylindrical end set screw 11 radially embedded on the rear outer wall of the clamp body 4 extends into the axial groove opened on the left side of the positioning sleeve 8, i.e., the rear end outer wall, to prevent the positioning sleeve 8 from rotating; the inner edge of the left side of the locking sleeve 6, i.e., the rear port, is sleeved with the outer wall protruding from the rear end of the clamp body 4 through a thread, and the right side of the locking sleeve 6, i.e., the front end The inner wall of the opening is clamped with the outer wall of the rear part of the clamping ring 5 through a number of steel balls 17 which are arranged in an annular manner, wherein the steel balls 17 are inserted through the screw holes opened on the outer wall of the front part of the locking sleeve 6 and sealed with the flat-end set screws 16; the front part of the clamping ring 5 protrudes conically toward the front central axis, and the front inner wall of the clamping ring 5 presses the multiple wedge block groups 9 monomers in the front end tapered hole of the clamp body 4 in the direction of the inner rear central axis; the outer side, i.e., the tail end, of the first cylindrical pin 12 fixed on the clamp body 4 extends into the axial guide groove opened on the inner wall of the rear part of the clamping ring 5, guiding the axial movement of the clamping ring 5 and preventing the rotation of the clamping ring 5.

[0031] In the above, the inner wall of the front end of the clamp body 4 and the outer wall of the front end of the positioning sleeve 8 are provided with a guide groove sliding engagement structure that cooperates with each other. The outer wall of the middle part of the locking sleeve 6 is provided with a plug-in hole for installing the screwing handle.

[0032] In the embodiment of the present invention, lubricating bushings are placed in the inner lubricating cavity 19 and the outer lubricating cavity 20 or lubricating grease is filled in the inner lubricating cavity 19 and the outer lubricating cavity 20 .

[0033] In the embodiment of the present invention, the clamp body 4 is axially fixedly connected to the rotating spindle 3; the rear end of the locking sleeve 6 is threadedly connected to the clamp body 4, and the front end of the locking sleeve 6 is pressed against the clamping ring 5 through the steel ball 17. When the locking sleeve 6 rotates forward and backward axially, the clamping ring 5 overcomes the tension of the large compression spring 10 and the small compression spring 13 within a limited stroke to squeeze the wedge block group 9, and further clamps the workpiece 2 centripetally. In this process, the large compression spring 10 with the rotating spindle 3 as the rear end pushes the rear end of the positioning sleeve 8 and the shaft top screw 7 forward to move axially under the limit of the long cylindrical end set screw 11, and rigidly further drives the positioning sleeve 8 and the front part of the wedge block group 9 to balance the tension of the small compression spring 13 to push forward to assist in clamping the workpiece 2. Among them, the small compression spring 13 is sleeved on the outside of the second cylindrical pin 15 fixedly connected to the front end of the shaft top screw 7. The workpiece 2 is clamped in the enclosed axial center part of a group of wedge block groups 9 on the right side or front end of the small compression spring 13 and the second cylindrical pin 15.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present invention, under the push of the small compression spring 13 , the front end of the second cylindrical pin 15 presses against the rear end surface of the workpiece 2 , and the grinding wheel 1 is located at the front side of the workpiece 2 .

[0035] In the embodiment of the present invention, a central hole is opened in the middle shaft portion of the front end of the rotary main shaft 3, in which the shaft push rod 18 is placed. The rear end of the large compression spring 10 is placed and positioned in the seat hole in the middle of the front end surface of the shaft push rod 18.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, a group of three to six wedge blocks of the wedge block group 9 are coaxially arranged to surround and enclose a structure in which the front end surface is inclined toward the rear side and the rear outer wall is reduced in diameter toward the rear central axis.

[0037] In this embodiment, a certain gap is left between the left end face of the positioning sleeve 8 and the spindle 3 and the axial push rod 18 to ensure that the clamping ring 5 has enough travel to clamp the wedge block 9, and then the wedge block 9 has enough radial contraction to clamp the workpiece. The right end of the small compression spring 13 is pressed against the left end face of the workpiece, and the left end face of the workpiece is pressed against the second cylindrical pin 15.

[0038] In this embodiment, the positioning sleeve 8 and the wedge block 9 are two separate parts, and their adjacent structural relationship is different from that of a spring clamp. The left end faces of the plurality of wedge blocks are in close contact with the right end face of the positioning sleeve. During the clamping and loosening process, the wedge blocks move axially on the one hand, and move radially at the same time, so that the workpiece 2 can be clamped or loosened. Because the wedge blocks move radially while moving axially, the left end face of the wedge blocks and the right end face of the positioning sleeve 8 will also move relative to each other in the radial direction. That is, the wedge blocks and the positioning sleeve cannot be integrated, otherwise the wedge blocks cannot move radially.

[0039] The implementation principle of this embodiment is:

[0040] When the locking sleeve 6 is rotated clockwise, the locking sleeve 6 moves to the left; the steel ball 17 drives the clamping ring 5 and then pushes the multiple wedge blocks 9 and the positioning sleeve 8 to move to the left to overcome the elastic force of the large compression spring 10 installed in the positioning sleeve 8. During the movement of the multiple wedge blocks to the left, the multiple wedge blocks are radially contracted due to the action of the outer cone surface to generate a clamping force on the workpiece 2, thereby clamping the workpiece 2.

[0041] When the locking sleeve 6 is rotated counterclockwise, the locking sleeve 6 moves to the right; the steel ball 17 drives the clamping ring 5 to move to the right at the same time. The large compression spring 10 installed in the positioning sleeve 8 pushes the positioning sleeve 8 to the right and then pushes the multiple wedge blocks to move to the right. The radial clamping force of the multiple wedge blocks disappears during the rightward movement; the small compression spring 13 at the right end of the positioning sleeve 8 pushes the workpiece 2 out.

[0042] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture, comprising a clamp body (4), a clamping ring (5), a locking sleeve (6), a positioning sleeve (8), a wedge block group (9), a large compression spring (10), a small compression spring (13) and a steel ball (17); characterized in that: The locking sleeve (6), the clamp body (4) and the positioning sleeve (8) are coaxially sleeved from outside to inside, and the inner wall of the rear end of the locking sleeve (6) with a tubular structure is screwed to the outer wall of the rear end of the clamp body (4) with a circular tubular structure; a clamping ring (5) is embedded between the inner wall of the front end of the locking sleeve (6) and the outer wall of the front end of the clamp body (4), and the positioning sleeve (8) is slidably lined in the clamp body (4); a wedge block group (9) is adjacently arranged on the right side and the front side of the front end of the positioning sleeve (8), and the wedge block group (9) is composed of a plurality of radially separated single wedge blocks; a large compression spring (10) and a small compression spring (13) are respectively arranged at the rear section and the front end on the central axis of the positioning sleeve (8); a steel ball (17) is embedded in a groove between the outer wall of the rear section of the clamping ring (5) and the inner wall of the front end of the locking sleeve (6); the middle part of the front end of the wedge block group (9) as a whole is a forward-protruding cone The wedge block group (9) is a cone surface with a tapered surface that is tapered and inclined toward the rear; the inner edge of the front port of the clamp body (4) is a concave cone surface that matches the outer edge of the rear side of the wedge block group (9); the front end of the clamping ring (5) protrudes forward and extends outward with a concentrically tapered diameter, and the inner edge is pressed against the outer edge of the front end surface of the wedge block group (9); the axial elastic force support of the large compression spring (10) is applied from the back to the front to the left end surface of the wedge block group (9), and the axial elastic force support of the small compression spring (13) is applied from the back to the front to the rear end of the workpiece; the front end inner edge of the clamp body (4) pushes the wedge block group (9) forward in front of the tapered surface, and at the same time, the inner edge of the front end surface of the clamping ring (5) squeezes the wedge block group (9) from the front to the rear, and the inner edges of the multiple wedge blocks of the wedge block group (9) are adaptively adjusted to form a balanced clamping and pressing surface when contacting the uneven outer wall of the workpiece.

2. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A shaft top screw (7) is installed at the middle and rear part of the central shaft in the positioning sleeve (8), and the front end of the large compression spring (10) is pressed against the rear end of the shaft top screw (7).

3. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The small compression spring (13) is sleeved on a second cylindrical pin (15) installed at the middle of the front end of the positioning sleeve (8); the front end of the second cylindrical pin (15) protrudes outward to block the front end of the small compression spring (13); and the front end of the second cylindrical pin (15) is located in the central axis hole at the front end of the wedge block group (9).

4. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A long cylindrical end set screw (11) is radially mounted on the inner wall of the rear section of the clamp body (4), and the inner end of the long cylindrical end set screw (11) is inserted into an axial guide groove opened on the outer wall of the rear portion of the positioning sleeve (8).

5. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A first cylindrical pin (12) is radially mounted on the outer wall of the front section of the clamp body (4), and the outer end of the first cylindrical pin (12) is inserted into an axial guide groove opened on the inner wall of the rear portion of the clamping ring (5).

6. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A steel ball (17) is installed in a radial through hole on the front outer wall of the locking sleeve (6), and a part of the ball crown of the steel ball (17) is inserted into a ring groove on the rear outer wall of the pressing ring (5), and a flat-end set screw (16) is used to seal the outer side of the steel ball (17).

7. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamp body (4) is provided with a plurality of axial long grooves on its circumference, and a through hole is provided at the left end of each of the axial long grooves, wherein a hexagon socket cylindrical end screw (14) passes through the through hole to fix the clamp body (4) to the front end surface of the rotating spindle (3).

8. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the large compression spring (10) is clamped in the front end blind hole of the axial push rod (18) of the front end middle axis portion of the rotary main shaft (3).

9. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tubular groove-shaped inner lubricating cavity (19) is formed in the middle section of the inner wall of the clamp body (4) or the outer wall of the positioning sleeve (8).

10. The balanced and optimized wedge block multi-point positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: An external lubricating cavity (20) with a pipe groove structure gap is provided between the middle inner wall of the locking sleeve (6) and the outer wall of the positioning sleeve (8), and a limiting ring (21) is screwed on the rear end of the external lubricating cavity (20), i.e., the rear inner wall of the locking sleeve (6).

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