A method for rapidly preparing amorphous nano-catalysts and its application in hydrogen production by water electrolysis

Abstract

The application provides a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and application of the amorphous nanocatalysts in water electrolysis hydrogen production, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) performing first mixing treatment on a metal precursor and carbon black to obtain a first precursor; 2) performing second mixing treatment on the first precursor and a PPh3 solution to obtain a second precursor; and 3) performing heating treatment and cooling treatment on the second precursor to obtain an amorphous nanocatalyst. The method is simple in operation, and the obtained catalyst has high catalytic activity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of catalysts, and more specifically, to a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and their application in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen, as a clean and low-carbon energy carrier, has enormous potential for achieving sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions. However, the scarcity and high cost of precious metals such as platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) limit their widespread application in fuel cells and electrolyzers. Therefore, improving the utilization efficiency and catalytic activity of precious metals is particularly important.

[0003] Amorphization technology, as an emerging structural engineering strategy, shows promising application prospects. Amorphous materials prepared by this method possess unique electronic properties and a large number of active sites, exhibiting superior catalytic performance compared to crystalline materials. Currently, many amorphous materials are used in catalytic processes, including metal nanostructures, metallic glasses, oxides, and sulfides. However, commonly used wet chemical synthesis methods are prone to introducing harmful surfactant contamination, and amorphous structures are highly sensitive to elemental composition, increasing the difficulty of synthesis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, one objective of this invention is to propose a method utilizing flash Joule heating technology. This method involves rapidly melting a metal precursor on a carbon substrate using millisecond-level current pulses and then cooling it at an ultrafast rate, ultimately synthesizing PtNiP ANPs materials with amorphous nanoparticles. This improves the synthesis process, enhances the catalytic activity of the material, and reduces production costs. Specifically, this invention proposes the synthesis of PtNiP ANPs materials with amorphous nanoparticles using flash Joule heating technology with ultrafast heating and cooling rates. This material exhibits high intrinsic catalytic performance in hydrogen production and can operate stably for over 100 hours at industrial current densities as a catalyst in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. This process can be extended to synthesize various amorphous materials, thereby expanding the current field of material discovery, which is primarily based on crystalline phases. Furthermore, the combination of amorphization strategies and composition optimization will become a new paradigm for catalyst design, contributing to the search for high-performance catalytic materials.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing amorphous nanocatalysts. According to embodiments of the present invention, the method includes:

[0006] 1) The metal precursor and carbon black are subjected to a first mixing treatment to obtain the first precursor;

[0007] 2) The first precursor is mixed with PPh3 solution in a second mixing process to obtain the second precursor;

[0008] 3) The second precursor is subjected to heat treatment and cooling treatment to obtain an amorphous nanocatalyst. This method is simple to operate, improves the catalytic activity of the material, and saves production costs.

[0009] According to embodiments of the present invention, the above method may further include at least one of the following additional technical features:

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the metal precursor is and A mixture.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the The platinum content is 37.5 wt% to 38.5 wt%. Within this range, the obtained material exhibits higher catalytic activity.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of Pt added in the metal precursor is 10 wt% relative to the carbon black content.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the metal precursor is dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 0.05 mol / L.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first mixing process is performed in the following manner:

[0015] a) Disperse the metal precursor in ethanol, add carbon black, and ultrasonically disperse in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min to obtain the ultrasonically dispersed precursor.

[0016] b) The ultrasonically dispersed precursor is placed in a vacuum dryer for drying to obtain the first precursor.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drying process takes 10 h to 12 h.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the PPh3 solution is a solution prepared by dissolving PPh3 in ethanol.

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of P added to the PPh3 solution is calculated based on the molar ratio of Ni added in step 1), where n(P):n(Ni) is 1:1.

[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second mixing process is performed in the following manner:

[0021] a) Add the first precursor In the solution, the sample was ultrasonically dispersed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min to obtain the ultrasonically dispersed sample.

[0022] b) The ultrasonically dispersed sample is placed in a vacuum dryer for drying to obtain the second precursor.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drying process takes 10 h to 12 h.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the heat treatment is 1800 K, and the time of the heat treatment is 1 second.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment is performed under an argon atmosphere.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat treatment is performed in the following manner:

[0027] The second precursor is loaded into a quartz tube, with graphite rods used as electrodes on both sides of the quartz tube, and connected to a flash Joule heating system.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the resistance of the sample during the heat treatment is 1 Ω.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling process is carried out by rapidly cooling the sample obtained after the heat treatment to room temperature by thermal radiation.

[0030] In another aspect, the present invention also proposes an amorphous nanocatalyst. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the amorphous nanocatalyst is prepared by the method described above.

[0031] In another aspect of the invention, the invention also proposes the application of the aforementioned method for preparing amorphous nanocatalysts in hydrogen production processes.

[0032] According to embodiments of the present invention, the application may further include the following additional technical features:

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen production is achieved by electrolysis of water.

[0034] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Load the metal precursor into carbon black by wet impregnation;

[0036] S2. The precursor mixture loaded with carbon black is mixed with PPh3 solution and then ultrasonically dried. The dried powder is loaded into a quartz tube, and graphite rods are used as electrodes on both sides of the quartz tube and connected to a flash heating system.

[0037] S3. After heating, the sample is rapidly cooled to room temperature by thermal radiation to obtain amorphous nanoparticle PtNiPANPs material.

[0038] According to embodiments of the present invention, the above method may further include at least one of the following additional technical features:

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the metal precursor mentioned in step S1 is and A mixture.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the The platinum content is 37.5 wt% to 38.5 wt%.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of Pt added in the metal precursor is 10 wt% relative to the carbon black content.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the metal precursor is dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 0.05 mol / L.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the conversion step in step S1 includes: converting the metal precursor... and After mixing, disperse the mixture in ethanol, add carbon black, and ultrasonically disperse in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonically dispersed precursor is dried in a vacuum dryer for 10 h to 12 h to obtain a first precursor.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the precursor mixture after loading carbon black in step S2 is the first precursor obtained in step S1.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the PPh3 solution is a solution prepared by dissolving PPh3 in ethanol.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the amount of P added to the PPh3 solution is calculated based on the molar ratio of Ni added to S1, n(P):n(Ni) = 1:1.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the conversion step in step S2 includes: adding the dried first precursor to a PPh3 solution and ultrasonically dispersing it in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasonically dispersed sample is placed in a vacuum dryer and dried for 10 h to 12 h to obtain a second precursor.

[0050] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second precursor is loaded into a quartz tube, graphite rods are used as electrodes on both sides of the quartz tube, and it is connected to a flash heating system.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heating temperature in step S3 is 1800 K and the heating time is 1 s;

[0052] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heating process requires controlling the resistance of the sample to be approximately ~1 Ω.

[0053] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heating process shall be carried out in a dryer filled with argon gas to prevent oxidation. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0055] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the method for rapidly improving the utilization efficiency and intrinsic catalytic activity of precious metals using flash Joule heating, as described in this invention.

[0056] Figure 2 The figure shows the real-time temperature curves recorded using an infrared thermometer, with the inset showing the cooling rate at different discharge times.

[0057] Figure 3 The XRD patterns of PtNiP ANPs material at different synthesis times are shown in Example 1.2.3. The standard XRD card in the figure is PDF#65-2868.

[0058] Figure 4 Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of PtNiP ANPs material;

[0059] Figure 5 High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and corresponding Fourier transform (FFT) of PtNiP ANPs material;

[0060] Figure 6 SEM results for PtNiP ANPs material;

[0061] Figure 7 The fine XPS spectrum of Pt in PtNiP ANPs material;

[0062] Figure 8The fine XPS spectrum of Ni in PtNiP ANPs material;

[0063] Figure 9 The fine XPS spectrum of P in PtNiP ANPs material;

[0064] Figure 10 Comparison of the normalized XANES spectra of PtNiP ANPs material with those of PtO2, platinum foil, and Comparative Example 1;

[0065] Figure 11 Comparison of the normalized XANES spectra of PtNiP ANPs material with those of NiO, nickel foil, and Comparative Example 1.

[0066] Figure 12 The FT-EXAFS spectra and fitting results of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 1 at the edge of Pt L3 are compared.

[0067] Figure 13 Comparison of FT-EXAFS spectra and fitting results of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 1 at the Ni K edge;

[0068] Figure 14 The local bond orientation sequence parameter for all atoms in the PtNiP ANPs material;

[0069] Figure 15 The coordination number distribution of Ni / Pd and P in PtNiP ANPs material;

[0070] Figure 16 Comparison of electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material with those of Example 6.7.8;

[0071] Figure 17 The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material are compared with those of Comparative Example 2.1 with P addition of ~10 at%;

[0072] Figure 18 Tafel plots of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 2.1 based on polarization curves;

[0073] Figure 19 This study compares the performance of this invention with recently reported noble metal-based HER catalysts (10 mV dec). -1 Overpotential and Tafel slope at time).

[0074] Figure 20 Electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 2.1, normalized to Pt mass loading;

[0075] Figure 21The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 2.1 are normalized to Pt mass loading at an overpotential of 30 mV.

[0076] Figure 22 Comparison of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 2.1 on TOF (Turnover Frequency, TOF);

[0077] Figure 23 A comparison of PtNiP ANPs materials with other literature on TOF;

[0078] Figure 24 The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material are compared with those of Comparative Example 2.1 after the first cycle and 10,000 CV cycles.

[0079] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the PEM electrolyzer configuration in practical application of this application;

[0080] Figure 26 1 cm 2 Actual photos of the PEM electrolytic cell test station;

[0081] Figure 27 The polarization curves of the PEM electrolyzer are shown.

[0082] Figure 28 The potential-time plot for a PEM electrolyzer;

[0083] Figure 29 The results are XRD test results for Comparative Example 1, which is cooled in a conventional tube furnace. Detailed Implementation

[0084] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The given embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit its scope. The embodiments provided below can serve as a guide for further improvements by those skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation on the invention in any way.

[0085] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods; and the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0086] In the following embodiments The content is 37.5%. The purity is 98%. The purity is 99%.

[0087] Unless otherwise specified, the heating process in the following embodiments is carried out in a dryer filled with argon gas.

[0088] Example 1

[0089] This embodiment provides a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and their application in hydrogen production via water electrolysis, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0090] (1) and The mixture was dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 0.05 mol / L, carbon black was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min, wherein the amount of Pt added was 10 wt% relative to the carbon black content.

[0091] (2) The ultrasonically dispersed precursor was placed in a vacuum dryer and dried for 10 h to 12 h to obtain the first precursor.

[0092] (3) The first precursor mixture loaded with carbon black is mixed with The solutions were ultrasonically dispersed for 10 min after mixing. The PPh3 solution was prepared by dissolving PPh3 powder in ethanol. The amount of P added to the solution is n(P):n(Ni) = 0.1:1;

[0093] (4) The first precursor after ultrasonic dispersion is placed in a vacuum dryer and dried for 10 h to 12 h to obtain the second precursor.

[0094] (5) The second precursor was installed in a quartz tube, with graphite rods used as electrodes on both sides of the quartz tube, and connected to a flash heating system. The input voltage of the heating system was fixed at 100 V, the test time was 50 ms, the test temperature was 1800 K, and the real-time temperature curve for the reaction duration was recorded. The results are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0095] (6) After heating, the sample was rapidly cooled to room temperature by thermal radiation, with a cooling rate of 1.5 × 10⁻⁶ ms. 4 K s -1 Amorphous PtNiP ANPs nanoparticles were obtained, and their XRD test results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) reveals diffusion diffraction halos without discontinuous points, a typical characteristic of amorphous materials, as shown in the results. Figure 4 As shown. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) further confirmed this amorphous structure, with no lattice edges observed. The corresponding Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) pattern showed diffraction halos, which were in excellent agreement with the SAED pattern, as shown in the results. Figure 5 As shown in the figure. SEM results show that the synthesized PtNiP nanoparticles are well dispersed on the carbon black substrate, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown. Figure 7 The XPS precise spectrum of Pt in PtNiP ANPs material. Figure 8 The XPS precise spectrum of Ni in PtNiP ANPs material. Figure 9 The XPS precise spectrum of P in PtNiP ANPs material. Figure 10 The XANES normalized spectra of PtNiP ANPs material are compared with those of PtO2, platinum foil, and Comparative Example 1. Figure 11 The XANES normalized spectra of PtNiP ANPs material are compared with those of NiO, nickel foil, and Comparative Example 1. Figure 12 The FT-EXAFS spectra and fitting results of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 1 on the Pt L3 edge are shown. Figure 13 The FT-EXAFS spectra and fitting results of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 1 at the Ni K edge are shown. Figure 14 Here, represents the local bond orientation order parameter of all atoms in the PtNiP ANPs material. The red dashed line represents the normalized bond orientation order parameter at 0.5, which is the standard for distinguishing between disordered and ordered structures. Figure 15 The coordination number distributions of Ni / Pd and P in PtNiP ANPs material are shown. The average coordination numbers of Ni / Pt and P are 11.5 and 8.7, respectively.

[0096] (7) The HER activity of PtNiP ANPs materials was evaluated using a standard three-electrode setup and a rotating disk electrode (RDE) in a 0.5 mol / L H2SO4 solution under a nitrogen atmosphere. Figure 16 The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material are compared with those of Example 6.7.8. Figure 17 The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material are compared with those of Comparative Example 2.1 with P addition of ~10 at%. Figure 18 Tafel plots of PtNiP ANPs materials and Comparative Example 2.1 were plotted based on polarization curves. Figure 19 This patent study compares the performance of this material with recently reported noble metal-based HER catalysts (10 mV dec). -1 Overpotential and Tafel slope at time). Figure 20 The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 2.1 are normalized to Pt mass loading. Figure 21 The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 2.1 are normalized to Pt mass loading at a potential of 30 mV. Figure 22This is a comparison of PtNiP ANPs material and Comparative Example 2.1 on TOF (Turnover Frequency, TOF). Figure 23 A comparison of PtNiP ANPs materials with other literature on TOF. Figure 24 The electrochemical polarization curves of PtNiP ANPs material are compared with those of Comparative Example 2.1 after the first cycle and 10,000 CV cycles.

[0097] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the PEM electrolytic cell configuration in practical application of the present invention. Figure 26 1 cm 2 A real photo of the PEM electrolytic cell test station. Figure 26 The polarization curves are for a PEM electrolyzer. Figure 27 This is a potential-time diagram for a PEM electrolyzer.

[0098] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1 for the rapid preparation of amorphous nanocatalysts and their application in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (5), the test time is 100 ms, and the temperature curve results are as follows. Figure 2 As shown. In step (6), the cooling rate decreases from 100 ms to 100 K s. -1 .

[0101] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0102] Example 3

[0103] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1 for the rapid preparation of amorphous nanocatalysts and their application in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (5), the test time is 150 ms, and the temperature curve results are as follows. Figure 2 As shown. In step (6), the cooling rate decreases from 150 ms to 100 K s. -1 .

[0104] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0105] Example 4

[0106] This embodiment employs a method similar to that in Example 1, namely a rapid preparation method for amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (5), the testing time is 200 ms. In step (6), the cooling rate is reduced from 200 ms to 100 K s.-1 .

[0107] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0108] Example 5

[0109] This embodiment employs a method similar to that in Example 1, namely a rapid preparation method for amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (5), the testing time is 500 ms. In step (6), the cooling rate is reduced from 500 ms to 10 K s. -1 .

[0110] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0111] Example 6

[0112] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1, which is a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (1), the first precursor mixture after loading carbon black is not mixed with the PPh3 solution.

[0113] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0114] Example 7

[0115] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1, which is a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (1), the amount of P added to the PPh3 solution is n(P):n(Ni) = 0.2:1.

[0116] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0117] Example 8

[0118] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1, which is a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (1), the amount of P added to the PPh3 solution is n(P):n(Ni) = 0.3:1.

[0119] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0120] Example 9

[0121] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1, which is a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (1), the amount of P added to the PPh3 solution is n(P):n(Ni) = 0.4:1.

[0122] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0123] Example 10

[0124] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1, which is a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (1), the amount of P added to the PPh3 solution is n(P):n(Ni) = 0.5:1.

[0125] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0126] Comparative Example 1

[0127] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1 for the rapid preparation of amorphous nanocatalysts and their application in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. The difference is that in step (5), a traditional tubular furnace is used for cooling. The XRD test results are as follows: Figure 29 As shown.

[0128] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0129] Comparative Example 2

[0130] This embodiment uses a method similar to that in Example 1, namely a method for rapidly preparing amorphous nanocatalysts and its application in hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The difference is that commercial Pt / C is used directly as a comparative reference.

[0131] The current density generated by the material obtained in this embodiment is shown in Table 1.

[0132] Table 1. Comparison of the mass activity of each embodiment

[0133]

[0134] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A method for preparing amorphous nanocatalysts, characterized in that, include: 1) The metal precursor and carbon black are subjected to a first mixing treatment to obtain the first precursor; The metal precursor is and A mixture; 2) The first precursor is mixed with PPh3 solution in a second mixing process to obtain the second precursor; 3) The second precursor is subjected to heat treatment and cooling treatment to obtain an amorphous nanocatalyst. The heat treatment is carried out in the following manner: The second precursor is loaded into a quartz tube, and graphite rods are used as electrodes on both sides of the quartz tube and connected to a flash Joule heating system. The cooling process is carried out by rapidly cooling the sample obtained after the heat treatment to room temperature through thermal radiation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The The platinum content is 37.5 wt% to 38.5 wt%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of Pt added in the metal precursor is 10 wt% relative to the carbon black content.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal precursor was dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 0.05 mol / L.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first mixing process is performed in the following manner: a) Disperse the metal precursor in ethanol, add carbon black, and ultrasonically disperse in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min to obtain the ultrasonically dispersed precursor. b) The ultrasonically dispersed precursor is placed in a vacuum dryer for drying to obtain the first precursor.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drying process takes 10 to 12 hours.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PPh3 solution is a solution prepared by dissolving PPh3 in ethanol.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of P added to the PPh3 solution is calculated based on the molar ratio of Ni added in step 1), where n(P):n(Ni) is 1:

1.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second mixing process is carried out in the following manner: a) Add the first precursor to the PPh3 solution and ultrasonically disperse it in an ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min to obtain the ultrasonically dispersed sample. b) The ultrasonically dispersed sample is placed in a vacuum dryer for drying to obtain the second precursor.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The drying process takes 10 to 12 hours.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating treatment temperature is 1800 K, and the heating treatment time is 1 s.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The heat treatment was carried out in an argon atmosphere.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistance of the sample during the heat treatment is 1 Ω.

14. An amorphous nanocatalyst, characterized in that, The amorphous nanocatalyst is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-13.

15. The application of the method described in any one of claims 1-13 in the preparation of amorphous nanocatalysts for hydrogen production.

16. The application according to claim 15, characterized in that, The hydrogen production method is water electrolysis.

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