Variable-span suspended formwork system bearing capacity full-scale test device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-span suspended formwork system bearing capacity full-scale test device and test method, and relates to the technical field of underground engineering, the variable-span suspended formwork system bearing capacity full-scale test device comprises a safety protection assembly, a plurality of movable bearing columns are arranged on the periphery of the safety protection assembly, and the upper portions of the movable bearing columns are connected with a test suspended formwork assembly; the test hanging mold assembly is arranged above the safety protection assembly, and the lower portion of each movable bearing column is symmetrically connected with two hydraulic supporting assemblies. According to the variable-span suspended formwork system bearing capacity full-scale test device and test method adopting the structure, the test device can be flexibly erected according to a specific suspended formwork scheme, and the overall stress performance of a test suspended formwork assembly and the stress performance of all parts can be more visually observed; the method can be used as an important basis for scheme optimization, construction monitoring and deformation control, and the safety and reliability of formwork engineering are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering, and in particular to a full-scale test device and a test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span. Background Art

[0002] In civil engineering construction, when there are working environment restrictions, such as insufficient ground space or insufficient foundation bearing capacity, which makes it difficult to set up a traditional ground-supported formwork system (such as full-span brackets), hanging formwork technology becomes an efficient and feasible solution, which allows concrete pouring operations to be carried out smoothly without relying on a ground-supported formwork system.

[0003] The hanging formwork technology constructs a working platform specially used for steel bar binding and concrete pouring by hanging the formwork on a specially designed hanging formwork support system. The hanging formwork system generally includes main beams, secondary beams, hangers, main ribs, secondary ribs, formwork, etc. The main ribs, secondary ribs and formwork directly bear the loads of cast-in-place reinforced concrete, construction equipment, construction personnel, etc. The loads are transferred to the main beams and secondary beams through the hangers. The main beams and secondary beams transfer the total construction load to the supports or surrounding load-bearing structures.

[0004] As there are currently no standard specifications for the selection and design of hanging formwork systems, it is necessary to conduct corresponding mechanical analysis of their stress performance during the formulation of the hanging formwork system design plan. Especially for concrete projects with higher risks, on the premise of mechanical calculation of the hanging formwork system design plan, it is necessary to carry out full-scale tests in combination with the on-site construction plan to evaluate the safety and stability of the hanging formwork system, so as to provide a basis for subsequent design and construction plan optimization, on-site construction monitoring and deformation control. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-scale test device and test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, and to more intuitively observe the bearing performance of the whole and each component of the hanging formwork system, so as to provide a basis for subsequent design and construction scheme optimization, on-site construction monitoring and deformation control.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span, including a safety protection component, wherein a plurality of movable bearing columns are arranged on the outer periphery of the safety protection component, and the tops of the plurality of movable bearing columns are connected to the test hanging formwork component, and the test hanging formwork assembly is arranged above the safety protection component, and the lower part of each of the movable bearing columns is symmetrically connected to two hydraulic support components.

[0007] Preferably, the safety protection component comprises a steel plate box, the steel plate box is filled with sand, and a plurality of electric hydraulic jacks are buried in the sand.

[0008] Preferably, the movable bearing column comprises a box-shaped steel column, and a plurality of flange plates and web plates are fixedly arranged inside the box-shaped steel column, the web plates and the flange plates are arranged alternately, and the height of the web plates is greater than the height of the flange plates; The upper and lower ends of the box-shaped steel column are respectively provided with an upper end plate and a lower end plate, a box column is provided above the lower end plate, the box column is provided below the flange plate, and a steering assembly is provided below the lower end plate; A support is arranged above the upper end plate.

[0009] Preferably, the steering assembly includes a rotating disk 1 arranged on the lower surface of the lower end plate, a rotating member is arranged below the connecting disk 1, a rotating disk 2 is arranged below the rotating member, the rotating disk 2 is fixed on a universal wheel connecting frame, and a plurality of heavy-duty universal wheels are arranged below the universal wheel connecting frame.

[0010] Preferably, triangular notches are provided at the center positions of the four sides of the lower end plate.

[0011] Preferably, the test hanging formwork assembly includes a main beam arranged above the support, a secondary beam is arranged above the main beam, the secondary beam is fixedly connected to one end of a hanging rod, a steel formwork is arranged at the lower end of the hanging rod, a main rib and a secondary rib are arranged on the steel formwork, and the other end of the hanging rod is fixedly connected to the main rib and the secondary rib.

[0012] Preferably, I-shaped steel bars are welded to the deflection measuring points of the main ribs, the secondary ribs and the steel formwork.

[0013] Preferably, the hydraulic support assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder, the upper portion of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the box column via a connecting sleeve plate, and the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly sleeved with a support foot.

[0014] A test method for a full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span, comprising the following steps: Step S1, installing a test device and a test hanging mold assembly; Step S2, installing a displacement sensor on the test hanging mold assembly; Step S3, conducting a test of the self-supporting capacity of the test hanging formwork assembly; Step S4, performing a preload test; Step S5, performing a loading test; Step S6, determining the bearing capacity limit state; Step S7, unloading, removing the test hanging mold assembly; Step S8, perform a comparison and optimization test of the hanging mold schemes, and repeat the above steps S1 to S7.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention adopts a full-scale test device and test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span of the above structure, which can flexibly set up the test device according to the specific hanging formwork scheme. The test device and the test method can be used as a supplement to the mechanical analysis of the test hanging formwork assembly when designing the hanging formwork scheme, and can also more intuitively observe the overall and component stress performance of the test hanging formwork assembly. It can serve as an important basis for scheme optimization, construction monitoring and deformation control, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the formwork project.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a test device of a variable-span hanging formwork system bearing capacity full-scale test device and a test method embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a movable bearing column of a full-scale test device and test method for bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a side view of a movable bearing column of a full-scale test device and test method for bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a safety protection component of a full-scale test device and test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed support of a full-scale test device and test method for bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a hinged support of a full-scale test device and test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of an I-shaped steel bar of a full-scale test device and test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to the present invention; Figure 8 The structure of a variable span hanging formwork system bearing capacity full-scale test device and test method of the present invention is enlarged. Figure 1 ; Fig. 9 The structure of a variable span hanging formwork system bearing capacity full-scale test device and test method of the present invention is enlarged. Figure 2 ; Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a test device and a test hanging formwork assembly of a full-scale test device and test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to the present invention; Figure numerals: 1. movable load-bearing column; 2. safety protection component; 3. box-type steel column; 31. flange plate; 32. web plate; 33. lower end plate; 34. box column; 4. support; 5. hydraulic support assembly; 51. hydraulic cylinder; 52. connecting sleeve plate; 53. supporting foot; 6. steering assembly; 61. rotating disk one; 62. rotating part; 63. rotating disk two; 7. heavy-duty universal wheel; 8. steel plate box; 9. electric hydraulic jack; 10. fixed support; 11. hinge support; 12. measured deflection member; 13. I-shaped steel bar; 14. main beam; 15. secondary beam; 16. hanger; 17. main rib; 18. steel formwork. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0020] Example See also Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span, including a safety protection component 2. A plurality of movable bearing columns 1 are arranged around the outer periphery of the safety protection component 2. The tops of the plurality of movable bearing columns 1 are connected to the test hanging formwork component. The test hanging formwork component is arranged above the safety protection component 2. The lower part of each movable bearing column 1 is symmetrically connected to two hydraulic support components 5, and each hydraulic support component 5 can be independently controlled.

[0021] The safety protection assembly 2 includes a steel plate box 8 filled with sand, and a plurality of electric hydraulic jacks 9 are buried in the sand. The function of the sand is to provide a buffer for the test hanging mold assembly or test device components that may fall when the test hanging mold assembly or test device fails. The electric hydraulic jack 9 is buried below the surface of the sand, and the top rod is raised during loading and unloading, and the top rod is lowered when measuring the displacement sensor reading, as a safety guarantee for the loading and unloading process.

[0022] The movable bearing column 1 is used to provide a fulcrum for the main beam 14 of the test hanging formwork assembly. The movable bearing column 1 comprises a box-shaped steel column 3, and a plurality of flange plates 31 and web plates 32 are fixedly arranged inside the box-shaped steel column 3. The web plates 32 and the flange plates 31 are arranged alternately, and the height h of the web plates 32 is f Much larger than the height h of the flange plate 31 w .

[0023] The upper and lower ends of the box-shaped steel column 3 are respectively provided with an upper end plate and a lower end plate 33, a box column 34 is provided above the lower end plate 33, the box column 34 is provided below the flange plate 31, and a steering assembly 6 is provided below the lower end plate 33; A support 4 is arranged above the upper end plate.

[0024] The steering assembly 6 includes a rotating disk 1 61 arranged on the lower surface of the lower end plate 33, a rotating member 62 is arranged below the connecting disk 1 61, a rotating disk 2 63 is arranged below the rotating member 62, the rotating disk 2 63 is fixed on the universal wheel connecting frame, and a plurality of heavy-duty universal wheels 7 are arranged below the universal wheel connecting frame.

[0025] The lower end plate 33 has triangular notches at the center of the four sides thereof for positioning the movable supporting column 1 .

[0026] The test hanging formwork assembly includes a main beam 14 arranged above the support 4, a secondary beam 15 is arranged above the main beam 14, the secondary beam 15 is fixedly connected to one end of a hanging rod 16, a steel template 18 is arranged at the lower end of the hanging rod 16, a main rib 17 and a secondary rib are arranged on the steel template 18, and the other end of the hanging rod 16 is fixedly connected to the main rib 17 and the secondary rib.

[0027] I-shaped steel bars 13 are welded to the deflection measuring points of the main ribs 17 , the secondary ribs and the steel template 18 .

[0028] The hydraulic support assembly 5 comprises a hydraulic cylinder 51 , the upper portion of which is fixedly connected to the box column via a connecting sleeve plate 52 , and the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder 51 is fixedly sleeved with a support foot 53 .

[0029] A test method for a full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span, comprising the following steps: The base plate of a new subway station is closely attached to the existing subway station transfer stair slab (the net distance between the cast-in-place base plate and the existing stair slab is only 5cm). The existing track area is below the stair slab, and the design bearing capacity of the stair slab is much lower than the load during the casting of the base plate of the new station. Therefore, the base plate cannot be cast by setting up formwork supports above the existing stair slab. In order not to affect the operation of the existing line, a hanging formwork system needs to be set up above the stair slab of the existing station to cast the base plate of the new station. The top plate of the existing station is 5m above the existing stair slab. The suspender 16 steel bars can be implanted into the top plate of the existing station and anchored as the hanging point of the hanging formwork system.

[0030] The preliminary design of the hanging formwork scheme is as follows: the steel formwork 18 is 4mm thick, 6m long and 4m wide; the hanger 16 adopts Φ25HRB steel bars, and the row spacing between the hangers 16 is 1m; the main ribs 17 are standard No. 10 I-beams, arranged along the parallel length direction with a spacing of 500mm; two main beams 14 are set with a beam center distance of 5.45m. Both main beams 14 are single-layer double-row Bailey beams with a row spacing of 0.45m. The clear span of the main beam 14 is 6.4m. Three groups of standard Bailey beams are selected as the main beams 14, with a total beam length of 9m; the secondary beam 15 is a 28a I-beam with a clear span of 5m and a total length of 5.9m.

[0031] In order to directly evaluate the load-bearing capacity of the designed hanging formwork system, the test device and test method of the present invention are used to carry out a full-scale test of the experimental hanging formwork assembly. Fig.10 shown.

[0032] Step S1, install the test device and the test hanging mold assembly. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Select the test site: Select a flat hardened concrete surface as the test site.

[0033] (2) According to the formwork hanging scheme, determine the number of movable bearing columns 1 required. The number of movable bearing columns 1 is equal to the number of main beam 14 fulcrums required by the formwork hanging scheme.

[0034] (3) According to the span of each main beam 14 and the support distance of the hanging formwork plan, the support point position is determined by measuring and laying out, and the movable load-bearing column 1 is pushed to the support point position. At this time, the hydraulic support assembly 5 is in a retracted state. The triangular notch reserved on the lower end plate 33 of the box-type steel column 3 and the steering assembly 6 are used to further position each movable load-bearing column 1. The hydraulic cylinder 51 is extended to support the support foot 53 on the ground. With the help of a level meter, a laser leveler (not shown in the figure), etc., by adjusting each hydraulic cylinder 51 and the support foot 53, it is ensured that the upper end plate of each movable load-bearing column 1 is horizontal and located at the same height.

[0035] (4) Erect the main beam 14 and the secondary beam 15. Determine the type of the support 4 of the main beam 14 according to the hanging formwork plan, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, two types of supports 4 are provided, namely, the most common fixed supports 10 and hinge supports 11. The heights of the two supports 4 are the same. According to the actual situation, a suitable support 4 is selected to be fixed at the corresponding position of the main beam 14, and the main beam 14 is hoisted and fixed together with the support 4 on the upper end plate of the movable bearing column 1. After the main beam 14 is erected, the secondary beam 15 is installed according to the connection method between the secondary beam 15 and the main beam 14 designed in the hanging formwork scheme, and bolt connection or welding and other methods are selected according to the actual situation.

[0036] (5) Install the lower structure of the test hoisting assembly (main rib 17, secondary rib, steel formwork 18, etc.) on the sand surface of the steel plate box 8. Connect the lower end of the suspension rod 16 to the main rib 17 and secondary rib according to the suspension formwork plan, and select bolt connection or welding according to the actual situation. Use a hydraulic jack to lift the steel formwork 18 to a certain height above the upper surface of the sand until the upper end of the suspension rod 16 reaches the connection height with the secondary beam 15. Connect the upper end of the suspension rod 16 to the secondary beam 15 according to the suspension formwork plan, and select bolt connection or welding according to the actual situation.

[0037] Step S2: Install the displacement sensor on the test hanging mold assembly. The specific steps are as follows: The test hanging formwork assembly uses LVDT linear displacement sensors to measure the deflection of the main beam 14, secondary beam 15, main rib 17, secondary rib, and formwork. The LVDT linear displacement sensor is installed above the measured component. Since the main rib 17, secondary rib, and formwork components will be covered during the test simulation of concrete pouring, the I-shaped steel bar 13 can be welded in advance at the deflection measurement point of the above-mentioned deflection component 12 to be measured. Figure 5 As shown, during the test, the vertical displacement of the I-shaped steel bar 13 is measured by the LVDT linear displacement sensor instead of the deflection of the deflection member 12. The mechanical analysis results of the test hanging formwork assembly should be combined to increase the density of displacement measurement points in areas with drastic displacement changes or greater risks (mid-span, weak bearing capacity areas, etc.).

[0038] The test hanging formwork assembly uses strain gauges and combines relevant conversion methods to measure the stress of the main beam 14, secondary beam 15, suspension rod 16, formwork, main rib 17, and secondary rib in the test hanging formwork assembly. The density of strain measurement points should be increased in areas with high stress or weak bearing capacity (welded nodes of steel formwork 18, stress concentration areas, etc.) in combination with the mechanical analysis results of the hanging formwork system.

[0039] Step S3, test the self-supporting capacity of the test hanging formwork assembly. The specific steps are as follows: After the test device is installed, until the beginning of this step, the push rod of the electric hydraulic jack 9 in the safety protection component 2 must remain in the ejected state to bear the weight of the lower structure of the test hanging mold component (steel template 18, main rib 17, secondary rib). After the test device, test hanging mold component and displacement sensor are installed, the on-site test personnel retreat to the safe area and record the initial reading of the LVDT linear displacement sensor (the displacement sensor reading here refers to the displacement data obtained by converting the displacement sensor voltage signal through calibration data) H 0 ; Operate the electric hydraulic jack 9 to retract the push rod, so that the test hanging mold assembly is suspended in the air. After the LVDT linear displacement sensor and strain readings are stable (load holding time 10min), record the LVDT linear displacement sensor reading H 1, the LVDT linear displacement sensor readings at the strain measurement points, and the corresponding measured values ​​are used to determine whether the test hanging mold assembly can bear its own gravity load.

[0040] Step S4: perform a preload test. The specific steps are as follows: Before the formal loading test, the deformation of the test formwork components produced by tight fit was observed by piling precast concrete counterweights on the steel formwork 18. The total weight of the precast concrete counterweights was 0.1G (G is the sum of the loads of reinforced concrete structure, construction personnel, construction machinery, etc. within the construction range of the formwork. At the same time, for the convenience of operation, the weight of steel bars, construction personnel, construction machinery, etc. were converted into corresponding concrete weights).

[0041] Before loading, the top rod of the electric hydraulic jack 9 should be supported to the bottom of the steel template 18. After the loading is completed, the test personnel retreat to a safe area and operate the electric hydraulic jack 9 to retract the top rod, so that the test hanging mold assembly is suspended in the air. After the LVDT linear displacement sensor and strain readings are stable (load holding time 10min), record the LVDT linear displacement sensor reading H 2 And the LVDT linear displacement sensor readings at the strain measurement point.

[0042] Step S5: Perform a loading test. The specific steps are as follows: Pour concrete according to the structural design plan and construction plan of the hanging formwork construction scope.

[0043] The loading test adopts the method of graded loading. When the total load p s (s is the load level number) When the load has not reached 1G, the additional load Δp for each level s+1 The load application area can be determined by the requirements of layered pouring and local pouring. The measured displacement and stress data are used as the basis for construction monitoring and deformation control during the construction phase. When the total applied load p s After exceeding 1G, in order to determine the safety margin of the test hanging mold assembly, press Δp s+1 The graded load of =0.2G increases the concrete pouring amount step by step.

[0044] When pouring concrete for each loading test, the top rod of the electric hydraulic jack 9 should be lifted to the bottom of the steel formwork 18. After the pouring is completed, the test personnel retreat to a safe area and operate the electric hydraulic jack 9 to retract the top rod so that the test hanging formwork assembly is suspended in the air. After the LVDT linear displacement sensor and the strain readings are stable (load holding time 10 minutes), the readings of the LVDT linear displacement sensor H are recorded. s+2 And the LVDT linear displacement sensor readings at the strain measurement point.

[0045] Step S6: Determine the ultimate bearing capacity state. The specific steps are as follows: Determination criteria for ultimate bearing capacity state: (1) During the test, if any of the following signs are observed, it can be determined that the structure has reached or exceeded the ultimate bearing capacity state. ① When the load is no longer increasing, the strain value measured by the stress measuring point changes continuously; ② The node weld cracks; ③ The bolts or rivets of the test formwork assembly are sheared off; ④ The main load-bearing bolts loosen and the node plate deforms; ⑤ The compressive or bending parts buckle or become unstable as a whole.

[0046] (2) If the construction site has requirements for the deflection of the steel formwork 18, if the relative displacement H measured by the LVDT linear displacement sensor 1 -H 0 , H 2 -H 0 or H s+2 -H 0 If the allowable deflection of the formwork has been exceeded, it is also determined that the test hanging formwork assembly has reached or exceeded the ultimate bearing capacity state.

[0047] When the above-mentioned bearing capacity limit state judgment standard appears during the loading process, the previous load value p is taken s-1 As the ultimate load; when it occurs within the specified load duration, take the average value of the current load value and the previous load value (p s +p s-1 ) / 2 as the ultimate load; when it occurs after the specified load duration, take the load value of this level p s as the ultimate load.

[0048] Step S7: Unloading: dismantling the test hanging mold assembly. The specific steps are as follows: Operate the electric hydraulic jack 9 to make the top rod continue to rise and bear the weight of the lower structure of the test hanging formwork assembly and the weight of the poured concrete, so that the main beam 14 and the secondary beam 15 are unloaded until the reading of the LVDT linear displacement sensor on the main beam 14 and the secondary beam 15 is close to the initial reading H 0 , remove the connection between the top of the hanger 16 and the secondary beam 15, break the concrete in blocks, and then remove the other components of the test hanging formwork assembly.

[0049] Step S8, perform a test on the comparison and optimization of the hanging formwork schemes, and repeat the above steps S1 to S7. When the load-bearing capacity of the test hanging formwork assembly does not meet the requirements, or when it is necessary to compare and optimize multiple schemes for other reasons such as economic efficiency, the number and spacing of the load-bearing beams can be re-determined according to the row spacing between the hanging rods 16, and the above steps S1 to S7 are repeated.

[0050] Therefore, the present invention adopts a full-scale test device and test method for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span of the above structure, which can flexibly set up the test device according to the specific hanging formwork scheme. The test device and the test method can be used as a supplement to the mechanical analysis of the test hanging formwork assembly when designing the hanging formwork scheme, and can also more intuitively observe the overall and component stress performance of the test hanging formwork assembly. It can serve as an important basis for scheme optimization, construction monitoring and deformation control, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the formwork project.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span, characterized in that: It includes a safety protection component, and a plurality of movable bearing columns are arranged on the outer periphery of the safety protection component. The upper parts of the plurality of movable bearing columns are connected to the test hanging mold component. The test hanging mold component is arranged above the safety protection component, and the lower part of each of the movable bearing columns is symmetrically connected to two hydraulic support components.

2. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety protection component comprises a steel plate box, the steel plate box is filled with sand, and a plurality of electric hydraulic jacks are buried in the sand.

3. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to claim 2, characterized in that: The movable bearing column comprises a box-shaped steel column, and a plurality of flange plates and web plates are fixedly arranged inside the box-shaped steel column, the web plates and the flange plates are arranged alternately, and the height of the web plates is greater than the height of the flange plates; The upper and lower ends of the box-shaped steel column are respectively provided with an upper end plate and a lower end plate, a box column is provided above the lower end plate, the box column is provided below the flange plate, and a steering assembly is provided below the lower end plate; A support is arranged above the upper end plate.

4. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steering assembly includes a rotating disk 1 arranged on the lower surface of the lower end plate, a rotating member is arranged below the connecting disk 1, a rotating disk 2 is arranged below the rotating member, the rotating disk 2 is fixed on a universal wheel connecting frame, and a plurality of heavy-duty universal wheels are arranged below the universal wheel connecting frame.

5. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower end plate has triangular notches at the center positions of the four sides.

6. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to claim 5, characterized in that: The test hanging formwork assembly includes a main beam arranged above the support, a secondary beam is arranged above the main beam, the secondary beam is fixedly connected to one end of a hanging rod, a steel template is arranged at the lower end of the hanging rod, a main rib and a secondary rib are arranged on the steel template, and the other end of the hanging rod is fixedly connected to the main rib and the secondary rib.

7. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span according to claim 6, characterized in that: I-shaped steel bars are welded on the deflection measuring points of the main ribs, the secondary ribs and the steel formwork.

8. A full-scale test device for the bearing capacity of a variable-span hanging formwork system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydraulic support assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder, the upper part of which is fixedly connected to the box column via a connecting sleeve plate, and the lower part of which is fixedly sleeved with a supporting foot.

9. A test method using a full-scale test device for bearing capacity of a hanging formwork system with a variable span as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, installing a test device and a test hanging mold assembly; Step S2, installing a displacement sensor on the test hanging mold assembly; Step S3, conducting a test of the self-supporting capacity of the test hanging formwork assembly; Step S4, performing a preload test; Step S5, performing a loading test; Step S6, determining the bearing capacity limit state; Step S7, unloading, removing the test hanging mold assembly; Step S8, perform a comparison and optimization test of the hanging mold schemes, and repeat the above steps S1 to S7.

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