A test device and method for testing shear force of rock structure surface bite layer

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test device for testing the shear force of the occlusal layer of a rock structure surface, comprising a frame, two slide rails (one) and a driving mechanism. The two slide rails (one) are parallel to each other and horizontally mounted on the frame. Each of the slide rails (one) is slidably connected to a slider (one). The upper portion of the slider (one) is used to mount and support an upper test piece, and the upper test piece spans the upper portion of the two slide rails (one). The driving mechanism comprises a driving platform capable of horizontally moving along the direction of the slide rails. The driving platform is fixedly mounted with a linkage seat, and the linkage seat is linked to the upper test piece and is used to apply force to the upper test piece horizontally along the direction of the slide rails. The present invention can more accurately obtain the shear force of the occlusal portion of the lower test piece and the upper test piece, overcome the influence of gravity, and improve the accuracy of the shear force test of the occlusal layer of the rock structure surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rock testing technology, and more particularly to a testing device for testing the shear force of a rock structure surface bite layer, and also to a testing method for testing the shear force of a rock structure surface bite layer. Background Art

[0002] Rock mass shear tests are an experimental method used to evaluate the mechanical properties of rock mass surfaces (such as faults, joints, or other discontinuities) under shear loading. These tests are primarily used to understand the stability and deformation of rock masses under varying stress conditions, which is of great significance for engineering construction and geological hazard prediction.

[0003] Current shear tests typically involve stacking two rock specimens one on top of the other, creating a mutually interlocking structural surface between the two specimens. This surface is generally roughly horizontal. The lower rock specimen is then fixed, and a load is applied horizontally to the upper rock specimen. The interlocking portion of the structural surface between the two rock specimens is subjected to shear force, enabling a shear force test of the interlocking layer of the structural surface. However, the upper rock, stacked directly on the lower rock, has its own weight, and under the influence of gravity, exerts pressure on the lower rock. This mutual pressure between the structural surfaces significantly impacts the shear force parameters of the interlocking portion of the rock mass structural surface. Even during the shear test, selecting rocks of different sizes and weights can significantly impact the shear force test. This also affects the accuracy of current shear tests of the interlocking layer of rock structural surfaces, making it impossible to obtain more realistic shear parameters.

[0004] Therefore, a new solution needs to be proposed to solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a test device and method for testing the shear force of the bite layer of a rock structure surface, which can overcome the influence of the deadweight of the rock on the shear force of the rock structure surface.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A test device for testing the shear force of the interlocking layer of a rock structure surface, comprising a frame, two slide rails (1) and a driving mechanism. The two slide rails (1) are parallel to each other and horizontally mounted on the frame. Slide blocks (1) are slidably connected to the slide rails (1). The upper portions of the slide blocks (1) are used to mount and support an upper test piece, and the upper test piece spans the upper portions of the two slide rails (1). The driving mechanism comprises a driving platform capable of horizontally moving along the direction of the slide rails (1). A linkage seat is fixedly mounted on the driving platform. The linkage seat is linked to the upper test piece and is used to apply force to the upper test piece horizontally along the direction of the slide rails (1).

[0008] The machine also includes a lifting support plate, a second slide rail, and a hydraulic lifter. The lifting support plate is located between the two first slide rails and on the lower side of the linkage seat. The upper side of the lifting support plate is used to fix the lower test piece. The second slide rail is vertically installed on the frame. The second slide rail is slidably connected to the second slider. The lifting support plate is fixedly installed on the second slider. The hydraulic lifter is located on the lower side of the lifting support plate and is used to press and push the lifting support plate up and down.

[0009] Two blocks are fixedly connected to the lower side of the linkage seat, and the two blocks are distributed along one direction of the slide rail; the upper part of the upper test piece is embedded between the two blocks.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that a force sensor 1 is installed on the side of the stopper facing the upper specimen, and the stopper and the force sensor 1 are against the upper specimen to detect the horizontal force applied to the upper specimen.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that two connecting parts are fixedly installed on the upper part of the lifting support plate, the two connecting parts are distributed along one direction of the slide rail, and the lower test piece is installed between the two connecting parts, which can press and limit the lower test piece in the horizontal direction.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that there are two groups of slide rails 2, and the two groups of slide rails 2 are respectively located at the two ends of the lifting support plate toward the slide rail 1, and the two groups of slide rails 1 are used to jointly guide the lifting support plate to slide up and down; the slide rail 2 is slidably installed on one side of the lifting support plate.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that the rack includes a support frame, the support frame is a horizontal ring structure, and the two sets of slide rails, the lifting support plate and the hydraulic lifter are all located on the inner periphery of the support frame.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that the support frame has two support portions at both ends facing the second slide rail, and the two sets of first slide rails are fixedly mounted on the two support portions of the support frame respectively.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that the hydraulic lifter includes a lifting end, the lifting end being used to press and support a lifting support plate; a force sensor 2 is provided between the lifting end and the lifting support plate, the force sensor 2 being used to detect the up and down forces exerted on the lifting end.

[0016] The present invention is further configured as follows: the driving mechanism includes guide rod one, guide rod two and a driving module, the guide rod one and guide rod two are installed on the frame and are arranged parallel to the slide rail one; the driving platform is slidingly connected to guide rod one, the guide rod two is a screw rod, the guide rod two is rotatably connected to the frame, and the driving platform is threadedly connected to the guide rod two; the driving module is used to drive the guide rod two to rotate.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that the driving mechanism includes guide rod 1, guide rod 2 and a driving module, wherein guide rod 1 and guide rod 2 are installed on the frame and are arranged parallel to slide rail 1; the driving platform is slidably connected to guide rod 1 and guide rod 2, and the driving end of the driving module is connected to the driving platform for driving the driving platform to slide horizontally.

[0018] The present invention also provides a test method for testing the shear force of the interlocking layer of a rock structural surface, using the above-mentioned test device, selecting a lower test piece and an upper test piece, wherein the lower test piece and the upper test piece have mutually adapted structural surfaces;

[0019] The lower test piece is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the lifting support plate, and the upper test piece is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the slide block 1, with the upper part of the upper test piece embedded between the two stoppers; the drive platform is slidably adjusted along the direction of the slide rail 1 to adjust the upper test piece to be directly above the lower test piece; the lifting support plate is pushed upward by the hydraulic lifter until the upper structural surface of the lower test piece contacts the lower structural surface of the upper test piece;

[0020] The driving mechanism drives the driving platform to move horizontally along one direction of the slide rail, applies a horizontal load to the upper specimen, and performs shear tests on the lower and upper specimens.

[0021] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] In this solution, the upper specimen is lifted by slide rail 1 and supported by horizontal sliding, and can only move in the horizontal direction, while the lower specimen is supported by a lifting plate. The gravity of the upper specimen will not directly act on the lower specimen, and the gravity of the upper and lower specimens can be overcome. Gravity will not produce pressure on the structural bite surfaces of the two, and the actual structural bite surface bite force of the two specimens can be tested during the detection process.

[0023] During the test, the lower specimen can be close to the upper specimen, and the lower specimen and the upper specimen are in contact with each other. There is no upward and downward pressure between the structural surfaces of the two, and only the structural surfaces of the two are interlocked with each other. During the horizontal loading test, the shear force of the interlocking part of the lower specimen and the upper specimen can be obtained more accurately, overcoming the influence of gravity and improving the accuracy of the shear force test of the rock structural surface interlocking layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer in this embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer in this embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer in this embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the lifting support plate in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the lower and upper specimens during the shear test in this embodiment Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the lower and upper specimens during the shear test in this embodiment Figure 2 .

[0030] Figure numerals: lower specimen 100; upper specimen 200; structural surface 300; base plate 1; support seat 2; support frame 3; support frame 4; support portion 41; support beam 5; slide rail 1 6; slider 1 61; drive platform 7; linkage seat 8; screw 81; nut 82; block 83; guide rod 1 9; guide rod 2 10; drive module 11; slide rail 2 12; slider 2 13; lifting support plate 14; connector 15; hydraulic lifter 16; lifting end 161; force sensor 1 17; force sensor 2 18. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] This embodiment discloses a test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer, referring to Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes a frame, two slide rails 6 and a driving mechanism, and the frame supports the entire test device.

[0033] The frame includes a base plate 1 and two support seats 2. The two support seats 2 are fixedly installed on the upper part of the base plate 1. Two sets of support beams 5 are fixedly installed between the two support seats 2. The lower part of the support beams 5 is supported by the support frame 3 and the support frame 4, thereby maintaining the strength and structural stability of the support beams 5.

[0034] Two slide rails 6 are fixedly mounted on the upper portions of the two support beams 5. These two slide rails 6 are parallel to each other and installed horizontally side by side. Slide blocks 61 are slidably connected to each slide rail 6, with two slide blocks 61 mounted on each slide rail 6. The upper portions of the slide blocks 61 are used to mount and support the upper test specimen 200. The upper test specimen 200 is supported and fixed by the four slide blocks 61, allowing it to slide horizontally along the slide rails 6.

[0035] Specifically, the upper test piece 200 is fixed with bolts during installation. Vertically extending through holes are provided in the upper test piece 200 at locations corresponding to the four sliders 1 61. Bolts penetrate the upper test piece 200 from top to bottom and are threadedly connected to the sliders 1 61, thereby securely connecting the sliders 1 61 to the upper test piece 200.

[0036] The upper specimen 200 spans the upper portions of the two slide rails 6, forming a gap between the two slide rails 6. The lower side of the upper specimen 200 is the test surface 300, which can be used to perform shear force tests with the upper surface 300 of the upper specimen 200.

[0037] The drive mechanism includes a drive platform 7, which can move horizontally along the slide rail 6 and drive the upper test piece 200. A linkage seat 8 is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the drive platform 7. A screw 81 is fixedly connected to the upper portion of the drive platform 7. The screw 81 extends upward through the drive platform 7 and is fixedly connected by a nut 82.

[0038] The linkage seat 8 is linked with the upper test piece 200, and can apply force to the upper test piece 200 horizontally along the direction of the slide rail 6 to provide power for the shear test.

[0039] Reference Figure 5 As shown, two blocks 83 are fixedly connected to the lower side of the linkage seat 8. The two blocks 83 are distributed along the slide rail 6 and are located at both ends of the slide rail 6. The upper portion of the upper test piece 200 is embedded between the two blocks 83. The blocks 83 can abut against the upper test piece 200 and transmit horizontal loads.

[0040] Reference Figure 3-Figure 5 As shown, the test device in this embodiment also includes a lifting support plate 14, a second slide rail 12 and a hydraulic lifter 16. The lifting support plate 14 is located between the two slide rails 1 6 and on the lower side of the linkage seat 8.

[0041] The upper side of the lifting support plate 14 is used to fix and install the lower test piece 100 . The lower test piece 100 can be supported by the lifting support plate 14 and can be installed and fixed by two connecting members 15 .

[0042] Slide rail 2 12 is vertically mounted on the frame. Slide rail 2 12 is slidably connected to slider 2 13. Slider 2 13 can slide up and down along slide rail 2 12, thereby guiding the lifting and lowering of lift plate 14. There are two sets of slide rail 2 12, one at each end of lift plate 14 facing slide rail 1 6. Together, the two sets of slide rail 1 6 can guide the lifting and lowering of lift plate 14.

[0043] The two sides of the lifting support plate 14 are fixedly mounted on two second sliders 13. The lifting support plate 14 and the second slider 13 are fixed to each other, which can maintain the stable lifting and adjusting of the lifting support plate 14. The hydraulic lifter 16 is located on the lower side of the lifting support plate 14. The hydraulic lifter 16 includes a lifting end 161. The lifting end 161 can press and support the lifting support plate 14, thereby adjusting the lifting and adjusting of the lifting support plate 14 so that the structural surface 300 on the upper side of the lower test piece 100 and the structural surface 300 on the lower side of the upper test piece 200 can contact each other.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 、 Figure 5 As shown, two connectors 15 are fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the lifting support plate 14, and the two connectors 15 are distributed along the direction of the slide rail 16. The lower test piece 100 is mounted between the two connectors 15, and can be pressed and limited in the horizontal direction. The two connectors 15 can fix the lower test piece 100, and the connectors 15 can also press and limit the lower test piece 100, thereby transmitting horizontal loads and maintaining the installation stability of the lower test piece 100.

[0045] Reference Figure 5 As shown, a second slider 13 is slidably installed on the side of the second slide rail 12 facing the lifting support plate 14. The two second slide rails 12 are located on the left and right sides of the figure, and the two second sliders 13 are located in the middle. The load of the lifting support plate 14 is transmitted to the second slide rail 12 through the second slider 13, and the two second slide rails 12 can provide stable support.

[0046] To further enhance the stability of the lifting support plate 14, the second slider 13, and the second slide rail 12, a support frame 4 can be installed in the frame to provide support through a ring structure. The support frame 4 is a horizontal ring structure, fixedly mounted on the upper side of the base plate 1. The two sets of slide rails 6, the lifting support plate 14, and the hydraulic lifter 16 are all located on the inner periphery of the support frame 4.

[0047] The support frame 4 has two support parts 41 at both ends facing the slide rail 2 12. The two sets of slide rails 1 6 are fixedly installed on the inner sides of the two support parts 41 of the support frame 4, and are connected and supported by the integrally connected side wall parts of the support frame 4, and can stably bear bidirectional horizontal loads.

[0048] The driving mechanism serves to horizontally load the driving platform 7 , and is used to push the upper test piece 200 to move horizontally relative to the lower test piece 100 .

[0049] The drive mechanism can adopt various structural forms, for example, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the drive mechanism includes guide rod 1 (9), guide rod 2 (10), and drive module 11. Guide rods 1 (9) and 10 are mounted on the frame and arranged parallel to slide rail 1 (6). Guide rod 1 (9) is a sliding rod that slides between the drive platform 7 and guide rod 1 (9), providing a horizontal guide. Multiple guide rods 1 (9) can be provided based on the length and width of the drive platform 7 to provide stable guidance. Guide rod 2 (10) is a screw rod that is rotatably connected to the frame. The drive platform 7 is equipped with a screw nut that allows guide rod 2 (10) to be threadedly connected. Drive module 11 is a rotary actuator that can drive guide rod 2 (10) in rotation.

[0050] During the test, in order to detect the horizontal load on the upper specimen 200, the load loading data inside the drive module 11 can be obtained. A servo rotary drive can be used as the drive module 11, and the relevant data of the horizontal load on the upper specimen 200 can be obtained through the torque conditions in the drive module 11.

[0051] For another example, the drive mechanism includes guide rod 1 9, guide rod 2 10, and drive module 11. Guide rod 1 9 and guide rod 2 10 are mounted on a frame. Guide rod 1 9 and guide rod 2 10 are both slide rods and are arranged parallel to slide rail 1 6. Drive platform 7 is slidably connected to guide rod 1 9 and guide rod 2 10, which together serve to guide the sliding movement of drive platform 7. Drive module 11 can be a telescopic hydraulic driver, whose drive end can be extended and retracted horizontally. The drive end is connected to drive platform 7 and is used to drive drive platform 7 to slide horizontally. During the test, the hydraulic load recorded by drive module 11 can be used to obtain relevant data on the horizontal load on the upper test piece 200.

[0052] Furthermore, in order to obtain the horizontal load on the upper specimen 200 more stably, a force sensor 17 can be separately provided for detection, thereby being able to obtain the load data more directly and conveniently.

[0053] Reference Figure 6 As shown, a force sensor 17 is installed on the side of the stopper 83 facing the upper specimen 200. The stopper 83 and the force sensor 17 abut against the upper specimen 200 to detect the horizontal force acting on the upper specimen 200. Two sets of force sensors 17 can be provided, one mounted inside each of the two stoppers 83 and on either side of the upper specimen 200, respectively, to detect loads in both directions.

[0054] Furthermore, during the test, it is necessary to adjust the lifting end 161 of the hydraulic lifter 16 to rise, and the lifting support plate 14 slides upward through the pressure and push of the lifting end 161 until the lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200 on the upper side of the lifting support plate 14 contact each other, and the structural surfaces 300 of the lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200 contact and fit with each other to carry out a shear force test.

[0055] During the test, it is necessary to overcome the vertical pressure between the lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200 as much as possible to prevent the vertical pressure from interfering with the shear test. However, the hydraulic lifter 16 is a jack structure, which makes it difficult to adjust to the correct position during the lifting process. Therefore, it is difficult to observe the distance between the lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200, and there may be excessive pressure or a gap between them.

[0056] Further, refer to Figure 6 As shown, a force sensor 18 is installed between the lifting plates 14. Similar in structure to an electronic scale, force sensor 18 can detect the vertical forces acting on the lifting end 161. The weight of the lifting plates 14, the upper test piece 200, and other sliding and fixed components all act downward on force sensor 18. In a stable state, the value measured by force sensor 18 remains essentially constant, representing the weight of the various components supported by the upper portion of the lifting end 161.

[0057] In the process of the hydraulic lifter 16 pushing the lifting plate 14 and the lower specimen 100 upward, when the lower specimen 100 is not in contact with the upper specimen 200, the load data on the force sensor 2 18 remains basically stable, and the load data is F1; when the lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200 are in contact with each other, the two are pressed against each other, and the load data on the force sensor 2 18 will increase, and the load data is F2.

[0058] During the test, the load data of the force sensor 2 18 can be adjusted to a range slightly larger than F1 by fine-tuning the hydraulic lifter 16. The appropriate range is , which can keep the structural surfaces 300 of the two in contact with each other and avoid the influence of excessive pressure.

[0059] This embodiment also discloses a test method for testing the shear force of the interlocking layer of a rock structural surface. The test is performed using the test apparatus described above. Before the experiment, an appropriate lower specimen 100 and an upper specimen 200 are selected. The lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200 have mutually adapted structural surfaces 300.

[0060] During the test, the lower specimen 100 was first fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the lifting support plate 14, and its position was fixed and limited by the connector 15. The upper specimen 200 was fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the slider 1 61, supported by four sets of sliders 1 61. The upper portion of the upper specimen 200 was embedded between two blocks 83, which abutted against the sides of the upper specimen 200 to transmit horizontal loads.

[0061] Then, the driving platform 7 is slidably adjusted along the direction of the slide rail 6 to adjust the upper specimen 200 to be directly above the lower specimen 100, with the structural surface 300 of the upper specimen 200 facing downward and the structural surface 300 on the upper side of the lower specimen 100 facing upward. The two structural surfaces 300 can face each other vertically and are roughly horizontal.

[0062] The hydraulic lifter 16 is used to push the lifting support plate 14 upward until the upper structural surface 300 of the lower test piece 100 contacts the lower structural surface 300 of the upper test piece 200. In addition, the hydraulic lifter 16 is adjusted up and down so that the load data F2 on the force sensor 2 18 is within an appropriate range. After adjustment, the lower test piece 100 and the upper test piece 200 can maintain their structural surfaces 300 in contact with each other while avoiding the influence of excessive pressure.

[0063] The drive mechanism drives the drive platform 7 to move horizontally along the slide rail 6, applying a horizontal load to the upper specimen 200. Shear tests are then conducted on the lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200. The horizontal load applied to the upper specimen 200 is continuously increased until the structural surface 300 between the lower specimen 100 and the upper specimen 200 is sheared, allowing the shear force parameters of the two rock specimens to be obtained.

[0064] During the test, the shear strength, shear displacement and other data of the structural surface are recorded. By analyzing the data, the shear strength parameters of the structural surface, such as cohesion and internal friction angle, are obtained.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. All technical solutions based on the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications that do not depart from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame, two slide rails (6) and a driving mechanism, wherein the two slide rails (6) are parallel to each other and are horizontally installed on the frame, and the slide rails (6) are slidably connected with sliders (61), and the upper part of the sliders (61) is used to install and support the upper test piece (200), and the upper test piece (200) spans the upper part of the two slide rails (6); the driving mechanism comprises a driving platform (7), and the driving platform (7) can move horizontally along the direction of the slide rail (6), and the driving platform (7) is fixedly installed with a linkage seat (8), and the linkage seat (8) is linked with the upper test piece (200) and is used to apply force to the upper test piece (200) horizontally along the direction of the slide rail (6); It also includes a lifting support plate (14), a second slide rail (12) and a hydraulic lifter (16), wherein the lifting support plate (14) is located between the two first slide rails (6) and is located on the lower side of the linkage seat (8), and the upper side of the lifting support plate (14) is used for fixing and installing the lower test piece (100); the second slide rail (12) is vertically installed on the frame, the second slide rail (12) is slidably connected to the second slider (13), and the lifting support plate (14) is fixedly installed on the second slider (13); the hydraulic lifter (16) is located on the lower side of the lifting support plate (14) and is used for pressing and pushing the lifting support plate (14) to adjust up and down; Two blocks (83) are fixedly connected to the lower side of the linkage seat (8), and the two blocks (83) are distributed along the direction of the slide rail (6); the upper part of the upper test piece (200) is embedded between the two blocks (83); A force sensor (17) is installed on the side of the stopper (83) facing the upper test piece (200). The stopper (83) and the force sensor (17) are against the upper test piece (200) to detect the horizontal force applied to the upper test piece (200). Two connecting pieces (15) are fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the lifting support plate (14), and the two connecting pieces (15) are distributed along the direction of the slide rail (6). The lower test piece (100) is mounted between the two connecting pieces (15), and can press and limit the lower test piece (100) in the horizontal direction. The hydraulic lifter (16) includes a lifting end (161), and the lifting end (161) is used to press and support the lifting support plate (14); a force sensor (18) is provided between the lifting end (161) and the lifting support plate (14), and the force sensor (18) is used to detect the vertical force applied to the lifting end (161); During the process of the hydraulic lifter (16) pushing the lifting support plate (14) and the lower test piece (100) upward, when the lower test piece (100) and the upper test piece (200) are not in contact, the load data of the force sensor 2 (18) is F1; when the lower test piece (100) and the upper test piece (200) are in contact with each other, the two press against each other, and the load data on the force sensor 2 (18) increases to F2; During the test, the load data F2 of the force sensor 2 (18) can be adjusted to 100% by fine-tuning the hydraulic lifter (16). F1<F2<105% F1.

2. The test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two groups of slide rails 2 (12), and the two groups of slide rails 2 (12) are respectively located at the two ends of the lifting support plate (14) toward the slide rail 1 (6). The two groups of slide rails 1 (6) are used to jointly guide the lifting support plate (14) to slide up and down; the slide rails 2 (12) are slidably installed on one side of the lifting support plate (14) to slide the slider 2 (13).

3. The test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame comprises a support frame (4), the support frame (4) is a horizontal ring structure, and two sets of slide rails (6), a lifting support plate (14) and a hydraulic lifter (16) are all located on the inner periphery of the support frame (4).

4. The test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support frame (4) has two support parts (41) at both ends facing the second slide rail (12), and the two sets of first slide rails (6) are fixedly mounted on the two support parts (41) of the support frame (4).

5. The test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a guide rod 1 (9), a guide rod 2 (10) and a driving module (11); the guide rod 1 (9) and the guide rod 2 (10) are mounted on a frame and arranged in parallel with the slide rail 1 (6); the driving platform (7) is slidably connected to the guide rod 1 (9); the guide rod 2 (10) is a screw rod, the guide rod 2 (10) is rotatably connected to the frame, and the driving platform (7) is threadedly connected to the guide rod 2 (10); the driving module (11) is used to drive the guide rod 2 (10) to rotate.

6. The test device for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a guide rod 1 (9), a guide rod 2 (10) and a driving module (11); the guide rod 1 (9) and the guide rod 2 (10) are mounted on a frame and arranged parallel to the slide rail 1 (6); the driving platform (7) is slidably connected to the guide rod 1 (9) and the guide rod 2 (10); the driving end of the driving module (11) is connected to the driving platform (7) for driving the driving platform (7) to slide horizontally.

7. A test method for testing the shear force of the rock structure surface bite layer, characterized in that: Using the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, a lower test piece (100) and an upper test piece (200) are selected, wherein the lower test piece (100) and the upper test piece (200) have mutually adapted structural surfaces (300); The lower test piece (100) is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the lifting support plate (14), and the upper test piece (200) is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the slide block (61), with the upper part of the upper test piece (200) being embedded between the two stoppers (83); the driving platform (7) is slidably adjusted along the direction of the slide rail (6) to adjust the upper test piece (200) to be directly above the lower test piece (100); the lifting support plate (14) is pushed upward by the hydraulic lifter (16) until the structural surface (300) on the upper side of the lower test piece (100) and the structural surface (300) on the lower side of the upper test piece (200) are in contact with each other; The driving mechanism drives the driving platform (7) to move horizontally along the slide rail (6), applies a horizontal load to the upper test piece (200), and performs a shear test on the lower test piece (100) and the upper test piece (200).

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