Substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud side cooperation

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-side cooperation, and the system comprises a monitoring sub-platform, and a model demonstration unit, a data collection unit, a fault prediction unit and an alarm unit which are included in the monitoring sub-platform. Comparing the electrical quantity change data with historical electrical quantity data to determine a reference threshold value; and monitoring the environmental parameters of the substation equipment, evaluating the aging grade of the substation equipment, calculating the weighted electrical quantity change, predicting the fault type of the substation equipment based on the weighted electrical quantity change and a reference threshold value, and sending out corresponding early warning information according to a prediction result. According to the method, the early warning effect can be achieved, meanwhile, electric power technicians can conveniently overhaul the electric power equipment in advance, the loss of electric power assets is reduced, and meanwhile good use experience is provided for customers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smart grids, and in particular to a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of smart grid technology, the reliability and intelligence level of substation relay protection systems have become key factors in improving the safe operation of power grids. Traditional relay protection systems rely on a single centralized decision-making mechanism, which makes it difficult to cope with the increasingly complex grid structure and changing operating environment. In recent years, the integration of cloud computing and edge computing technologies has provided a new way for the intelligent upgrade of substation relay protection systems. The cloud-edge collaborative architecture can fully utilize the big data analysis capabilities of the cloud while ensuring data processing speed to achieve real-time monitoring and fault prediction of substation operating status. However, the existing substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration still has certain limitations in terms of fault identification accuracy and equipment aging status assessment. Especially when dealing with complex fault modes, it is often difficult to accurately distinguish different fault types, resulting in frequent false alarms or missed alarms. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration to solve the problems of low fault identification accuracy and inaccurate equipment aging status assessment in existing substation relay protection fault monitoring methods.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration, including: collecting electrical quantity change data of different fault types of substation equipment, and comparing the electrical quantity change data with historical electrical quantity data to determine a reference threshold;

[0008] Monitor the environmental parameters of substation equipment, evaluate the aging level of substation equipment and calculate the weighted electrical quantity changes, predict the fault type of substation equipment based on the weighted electrical quantity changes and the reference threshold, and issue corresponding early warning information according to the prediction results.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, collecting electrical quantity change data of different fault types of substation equipment includes:

[0010] A test model is built based on the actual circuit of the substation equipment, and the electrical quantities during the operation of the test model are collected. The test model is actively simulated according to different fault types, and the changes in electrical quantities under the corresponding fault types are collected as test data.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, wherein: comparing the electrical quantity change data with the historical electrical quantity data, determining the reference threshold value includes: using the historical electrical quantity change amount under different historical fault types as auxiliary data;

[0012] According to the electrical quantity changes in the auxiliary data, error analysis is performed on the electrical quantity changes of the same fault type in the test data to obtain the error judgment threshold of the same fault type as the reference threshold, and the reference threshold is recalculated according to the average value and standard deviation of the error combined with the needs.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, wherein: monitoring the environmental parameters of substation equipment, evaluating the aging level of substation equipment and calculating the weighted electrical quantity change includes: calculating the aging value according to the operating time and operating environment data of the substation equipment after leaving the factory, expressed as:

[0014] S=W1×T+W2×H+W3×C

[0015] Among them, S is the aging value, W1 is the temperature aging factor weight, T is the temperature aging factor, W2 is the humidity aging factor weight, H is the humidity aging factor, W3 is the operating time aging factor weight, and C is the operating time aging factor;

[0016] Formulate step thresholds for the sequence distribution, establish aging levels corresponding to different step thresholds, and judge the aging level to which the aging value belongs;

[0017] The increased weights corresponding to different aging levels, where the increased weights are all greater than one, are weightedly calculated based on the increased weights corresponding to the aging levels of the substation equipment combined with the electrical quantity changes within a preset time period to obtain the weighted electrical quantity changes.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, wherein: predicting the fault type of substation equipment based on the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold value includes: if the electrical quantity during the operation of the test model exceeds the reference threshold value, issuing a relay protection device fault warning;

[0019] If the similarity between the sum of the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold and the electrical quantity change under different types of fault types exceeds the similarity reference standard, the fault type is determined and a relay protection device fault warning is issued.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration, comprising: a monitoring sub-platform, and a model demonstration unit, a data acquisition unit, a fault prediction unit and an alarm unit included in the monitoring sub-platform;

[0021] The model demonstration unit is connected to the fault prediction unit, the data acquisition unit is connected to the fault prediction unit and the alarm unit respectively, and the fault prediction unit is connected to the alarm unit.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, wherein: the model demonstration unit includes: a substation model building module, a wave recording and debugging module, an error analysis module and a historical data acquisition module;

[0023] The substation model building module is connected to the wave recording and debugging module to build a real circuit model with relay protection equipment as a test model;

[0024] The wave recording debugging module and the historical data acquisition module are both connected to the error analysis module to collect electrical quantities during the operation of the test model, and actively simulate the test model according to different fault types, and collect the changes in electrical quantities under the corresponding fault types as test data;

[0025] The historical data acquisition module is used to collect the changes in electrical quantities under different historical fault types as auxiliary data;

[0026] The error analysis module is used to analyze the error of the electrical quantity change amount of the same fault type in the test data according to the electrical quantity change amount in the auxiliary data, and obtain the error judgment threshold of the same fault type as the reference threshold.

[0027] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, wherein: the data acquisition unit includes: a humidity acquisition module, a temperature acquisition module and an equipment aging analysis module, and the humidity acquisition module and the temperature acquisition module are both connected to the equipment aging analysis module;

[0028] The humidity collection module is used as a humidity sensor to collect humidity data of the substation;

[0029] The temperature acquisition module is used as a temperature sensor to collect temperature data of the substation;

[0030] The equipment aging analysis module is used to determine the aging level based on the operating time of the substation equipment after leaving the factory and the humidity and temperature data during operation, and obtain the aging level of the current substation equipment:

[0031] S=W1×T+W2×H+W3×C

[0032] Among them, S is the aging value, W1 is the temperature aging factor weight, T is the temperature aging factor, W2 is the humidity aging factor weight, H is the humidity aging factor, W3 is the operating time aging factor weight, and C is the operating time aging factor;

[0033] A step threshold of the sequence distribution is proposed, and aging levels corresponding to different step thresholds are established to determine the aging level to which the aging value belongs.

[0034] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, wherein: the fault prediction unit includes: a weight analysis module and a possible fault comparison module, and the weight analysis module is connected to the possible fault comparison module;

[0035] The weight analysis module is used to establish the increase weights corresponding to different aging levels, wherein the increase weights are all greater than one, and weighted calculation is performed based on the increase weights corresponding to the aging levels of the substation equipment combined with the electrical quantity changes within a preset time period collected by the fault recorder to obtain the weighted electrical quantity changes;

[0036] The possible fault comparison module is used to perform a similarity comparison between the sum of the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold and the electrical quantity change under different types of faults.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration described in the present invention, wherein: the alarm unit includes: an extreme fault alarm module, a possible fault alarm module and an online alarm module, and the extreme fault alarm module and the possible fault alarm module are both connected to the online alarm module;

[0038] The extreme fault alarm module is used to issue a fault alarm instruction when the electrical quantity collected by the fault recorder exceeds a preset standard threshold;

[0039] The possible fault comparison module is used to set a similarity reference standard, and when the similarity comparison result exceeds the similarity reference standard, the fault type is judged and a possible fault alarm instruction is issued;

[0040] The online alarm module is used to receive fault alarm instructions and possible fault alarm instructions, and send alarm information to the substation operation and maintenance management personnel.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention actively simulates different types of faults by modeling, collects fault recording data in the process, and formulates reference thresholds in combination with historical fault recording data of the same type of faults. Then, by determining the aging level of the substation equipment, the fault recording data can be used to determine the type of fault that may occur. While achieving the effect of early warning, it is convenient for power technicians to carry out early maintenance of power equipment, reduce power asset losses, and provide customers with a good user experience. Furthermore, not only the influence of temperature and humidity of substation equipment is taken into account, but also the aging of substation equipment. While considering the comprehensive effect, by increasing the setting of weights, predictions before the fault occurs are achieved, and the setting of preset standard thresholds is combined to ensure the normal operation of relay protection equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor. Among them:

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method flow of a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A system principle block diagram of a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 A system principle block diagram of a model demonstration unit of a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 A system principle block diagram of a data acquisition unit of a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5A system principle block diagram of a fault prediction unit of a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 This is a system principle block diagram of an alarm unit of a substation relay protection fault monitoring method and system based on cloud-edge collaboration described in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0051] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0052] The present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0053] At the same time, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first, second or third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0054] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install, connect, connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] Reference Figure 1 , is an embodiment of the present invention, which provides a substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration, including:

[0057] S1: Collect the electrical quantity change data of different fault types of substation equipment, and compare the electrical quantity change data with the historical electrical quantity data to determine the reference threshold;

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, collecting electrical quantity change data of different fault types of substation equipment includes:

[0059] A test model is built based on the actual circuit of the substation equipment, and the electrical quantities during the operation of the test model are collected. The test model is actively simulated according to different fault types, and the changes in electrical quantities under the corresponding fault types are collected as test data.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, comparing the electrical quantity change data with the historical electrical quantity data to determine the reference threshold value includes: using the historical electrical quantity change amounts under different fault types as auxiliary data;

[0061] According to the electrical quantity changes in the auxiliary data, error analysis is performed on the electrical quantity changes of the same fault type in the test data to obtain the error judgment threshold of the same fault type as the reference threshold. The reference threshold is recalculated based on the average and standard deviation of the error and combined with the needs.

[0062] S2: Monitor the environmental parameters of substation equipment, evaluate the aging level of substation equipment and calculate the weighted electrical quantity change, predict the fault type of substation equipment based on the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold, and issue corresponding warning information according to the prediction results;

[0063] It should be noted that the environmental parameters of the monitored substation equipment include temperature and humidity.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, monitoring the environmental parameters of the substation equipment, evaluating the aging level of the substation equipment and calculating the weighted electrical quantity change includes: calculating the aging value according to the operating time and operating environment data of the substation equipment after leaving the factory, expressed as:

[0065] S=W1×T+W2×H+W3×C

[0066] Among them, S is the aging value, W1 is the temperature aging factor weight, T is the temperature aging factor, W2 is the humidity aging factor weight, H is the humidity aging factor, W3 is the operating time aging factor weight, and C is the operating time aging factor;

[0067] Formulate step thresholds for the sequence distribution, establish aging levels corresponding to different step thresholds, and judge the aging level to which the aging value belongs;

[0068] The increased weights corresponding to different aging levels, where the increased weights are all greater than one, are weightedly calculated based on the increased weights corresponding to the aging levels of the substation equipment combined with the electrical quantity changes within a preset time period to obtain the weighted electrical quantity changes.

[0069] In an embodiment of the present application, predicting the fault type of substation equipment based on the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold value includes: if the electrical quantity during the operation of the test model exceeds the reference threshold value, issuing a relay protection device fault warning;

[0070] If the similarity between the sum of the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold and the electrical quantity change under different types of fault types exceeds the similarity reference standard, the fault type is determined and a relay protection device fault warning is issued.

[0071] It should be noted that, currently, fault monitoring is achieved through real-time monitoring of fault recording data. Its operating principle is often to simply formulate corresponding thresholds through multiple detection data. After the corresponding monitoring data exceeds the threshold, it is determined to be a fault, and the relay protection is turned on to isolate or cut off the fault area. This method can only locate the fault after the fault occurs, and cannot achieve early warning of the fault. Once a fault occurs, even with the existence of relay protection equipment, it is still easy to cause loss of power assets, and also affect the customer's experience. Therefore, the present invention provides early warning of faults and predicts the types of faults that may occur, so as to facilitate power technicians to carry out early maintenance of power equipment, reduce the loss of power assets, and provide customers with a good experience.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] Reference Figure 2 to Figure 6 , is an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it provides a substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration, such as Figure 2 The system shown includes: a monitoring sub-platform 100, and a model demonstration unit 200, a data acquisition unit 300, a fault prediction unit 400 and an alarm unit 500 included in the monitoring sub-platform 100;

[0074] The model demonstration unit 200 is connected to the fault prediction unit 400 , the data acquisition unit 300 is connected to the fault prediction unit 400 and the alarm unit 500 respectively, and the fault prediction unit 400 is connected to the alarm unit 500 .

[0075] In the embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the model demonstration unit 200 includes: a substation model building module 201, a wave recording and debugging module 202, an error analysis module 203 and a historical data acquisition module 204;

[0076] The substation model building module 201 is connected to the wave recording and debugging module 202 to build a real circuit model with relay protection equipment as a test model;

[0077] The wave recording debugging module 202 and the historical data acquisition module 204 are both connected to the error analysis module 203 to collect the electrical quantities during the operation of the test model, and actively simulate the test model according to different fault types, and collect the changes in the electrical quantities under the corresponding fault types as test data;

[0078] The historical data collection module 204 is used to collect the changes in electrical quantities under different historical fault types as auxiliary data;

[0079] The error analysis module 203 is used to analyze the error of the electrical quantity variation of the same fault type in the test data according to the electrical quantity variation in the auxiliary data, and obtain the error judgment threshold of the same fault type as the reference threshold.

[0080] In the embodiments of the present application, Figure 4 As shown, the data acquisition unit 300 includes: a humidity acquisition module 301, a temperature acquisition module 302 and an equipment aging analysis module 303, and the humidity acquisition module 301 and the temperature acquisition module 302 are both connected to the equipment aging analysis module 303;

[0081] The humidity collection module 301 is used as a humidity sensor to collect humidity data of the substation;

[0082] The temperature acquisition module 302 is used as a temperature sensor to collect temperature data of the substation;

[0083] The equipment aging analysis module 303 is used to determine the aging level according to the operation time of the substation equipment after leaving the factory and the humidity and temperature data during the operation process, and obtain the aging level of the current substation equipment:

[0084] S=W1×T+W2×H+W3×C

[0085] Among them, S is the aging value, W1 is the temperature aging factor weight, T is the temperature aging factor, W2 is the humidity aging factor weight, H is the humidity aging factor, W3 is the operating time aging factor weight, and C is the operating time aging factor;

[0086] A step threshold of the sequence distribution is proposed, and aging levels corresponding to different step thresholds are established to determine the aging level to which the aging value belongs.

[0087] In the embodiments of the present application, Figure 5 As shown, the fault prediction unit 400 includes: a weight analysis module 401 and a possible fault comparison module 402, and the weight analysis module 401 is connected to the possible fault comparison module 402;

[0088] The weight analysis module 401 is used to establish the increase weights corresponding to different aging levels, wherein the increase weights are all greater than one, and weighted calculation is performed based on the increase weights corresponding to the aging levels of the substation equipment combined with the electrical quantity changes within a preset time period collected by the fault recorder to obtain the weighted electrical quantity changes;

[0089] The possible fault comparison module 402 is used to compare the sum of the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold with the electrical quantity change under different types of faults for similarity.

[0090] In the embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, the alarm unit 500 includes: an extreme fault alarm module 501, a possible fault alarm module 502 and an online alarm module 503, and the extreme fault alarm module 501 and the possible fault alarm module 502 are both connected to the online alarm module 503;

[0091] The extreme fault alarm module 501 is used to issue a fault alarm instruction when the electrical quantity collected by the fault recorder exceeds a preset standard threshold;

[0092] The possible fault comparison module 402 is used to set a similarity reference standard, and when the similarity comparison result exceeds the similarity reference standard, the fault type is judged and a possible fault alarm instruction is issued;

[0093] The online alarm module 503 is used to receive fault alarm instructions and possible fault alarm instructions, and send alarm information to the substation operation and maintenance management personnel.

[0094] This embodiment also provides a computing device, which is applicable to the case of a substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration, including:

[0095] Memory and processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute computer-executable instructions to implement the substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0096] This embodiment also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for monitoring substation relay protection faults based on cloud-edge collaboration as proposed in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0097] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment and the substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration proposed in the above embodiment belong to the same inventive concept. The technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be referred to the above embodiment, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiment.

[0098] Through the above description of the implementation methods, the technicians in the relevant field can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software and necessary general hardware, and of course can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ReadOnly, Memory, ROM), random access memory (RandomAccess Memory, RAM), flash memory (FLASH), hard disk or optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods of various embodiments of the present invention.

[0099] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration, characterized in that: include: Collecting electrical quantity change data of different fault types of substation equipment, and comparing the electrical quantity change data with historical electrical quantity data to determine a reference threshold; Monitor the environmental parameters of substation equipment, evaluate the aging level of substation equipment and calculate the weighted electrical quantity changes, predict the fault type of substation equipment based on the weighted electrical quantity changes and the reference threshold, and issue corresponding early warning information according to the prediction results.

2. The substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data collected on the changes in electrical quantities of different fault types of substation equipment include: A test model is built based on the actual circuit of the substation equipment, and the electrical quantities during the operation of the test model are collected. The test model is actively simulated according to different fault types, and the changes in electrical quantities under the corresponding fault types are collected as test data.

3. The substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: Comparing the electrical quantity change data with historical electrical quantity data to determine the reference threshold includes: using historical electrical quantity change amounts under different historical fault types as auxiliary data; According to the electrical quantity changes in the auxiliary data, error analysis is performed on the electrical quantity changes of the same fault type in the test data to obtain the error judgment threshold of the same fault type as the reference threshold, and the reference threshold is recalculated according to the average value and standard deviation of the error combined with the needs.

4. The substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: Monitoring the environmental parameters of substation equipment, evaluating the aging level of substation equipment and calculating the weighted electrical quantity changes include: calculating the aging value based on the operating time and operating environment data of the substation equipment after leaving the factory, expressed as: S=W1×T+W2×H+W3×C Among them, S is the aging value, W1 is the temperature aging factor weight, T is the temperature aging factor, W2 is the humidity aging factor weight, H is the humidity aging factor, W3 is the operating time aging factor weight, and C is the operating time aging factor; Formulate step thresholds for the sequence distribution, establish aging levels corresponding to different step thresholds, and judge the aging level to which the aging value belongs; The increased weights corresponding to different aging levels, where the increased weights are all greater than one, are weightedly calculated based on the increased weights corresponding to the aging levels of the substation equipment combined with the electrical quantity changes within a preset time period to obtain the weighted electrical quantity changes.

5. The substation relay protection fault monitoring method based on cloud-edge collaboration according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Predicting the fault type of the substation equipment based on the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold value includes: if the electrical quantity during the operation of the test model exceeds the reference threshold value, issuing a relay protection device fault warning; If the similarity between the sum of the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold and the electrical quantity change under different types of fault types exceeds the similarity reference standard, the fault type is determined and a relay protection device fault warning is issued.

6. A substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration, characterized in that: include: A monitoring sub-platform (100), and a model demonstration unit (200), a data acquisition unit (300), a fault prediction unit (400), and an alarm unit (500) included in the monitoring sub-platform (100); The model demonstration unit (200) is connected to the fault prediction unit (400), the data acquisition unit (300) is connected to the fault prediction unit (400) and the alarm unit (500) respectively, and the fault prediction unit (400) is connected to the alarm unit (500).

7. The substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The model demonstration unit (200) comprises: a substation model building module (201), a wave recording and debugging module (202), an error analysis module (203) and a historical data collection module (204); The substation model building module (201) is connected to the wave recording and debugging module (202) to build a real circuit model with relay protection equipment as a test model; The wave recording debugging module (202) and the historical data acquisition module (204) are both connected to the error analysis module (203) to collect electrical quantities during the operation of the test model, and actively simulate the test model according to different fault types, and collect the changes in electrical quantities under the corresponding fault types as test data; The historical data collection module (204) is used to collect the historical electrical quantity changes under different fault types as auxiliary data; The error analysis module (203) is used to analyze the error of the electrical quantity variation of the same fault type in the test data according to the electrical quantity variation in the auxiliary data, and obtain the error judgment threshold of the same fault type as a reference threshold.

8. The substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data acquisition unit (300) comprises: a humidity acquisition module (301), a temperature acquisition module (302) and an equipment aging analysis module (303); the humidity acquisition module (301) and the temperature acquisition module (302) are both connected to the equipment aging analysis module (303); The humidity collection module (301) is used as a humidity sensor to collect humidity data of the substation; The temperature acquisition module (302) is used as a temperature sensor to collect temperature data of the substation; The equipment aging analysis module (303) is used to determine the aging level according to the operation time of the substation equipment after leaving the factory and the humidity and temperature data during the operation process, and obtain the aging level of the current substation equipment: S=W1×T+W2×H+W3×C Among them, S is the aging value, W1 is the temperature aging factor weight, T is the temperature aging factor, W2 is the humidity aging factor weight, H is the humidity aging factor, W3 is the operating time aging factor weight, and C is the operating time aging factor; A step threshold of the sequence distribution is proposed, and aging levels corresponding to different step thresholds are established to determine the aging level to which the aging value belongs.

9. The substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fault prediction unit (400) comprises: a weight analysis module (401) and a possible fault comparison module (402), wherein the weight analysis module (401) is connected to the possible fault comparison module (402); The weight analysis module (401) is used to establish the increase weights corresponding to different aging levels, wherein the increase weights are all greater than one, and to perform weighted calculation based on the increase weights corresponding to the aging levels of the substation equipment combined with the electrical quantity changes within a preset time period collected by the fault recorder to obtain the weighted electrical quantity changes; The possible fault comparison module (402) is used to compare the sum of the weighted electrical quantity change and the reference threshold with the electrical quantity change under different types of faults for similarity.

10. The substation relay protection fault monitoring system based on cloud-edge collaboration according to claim 9, characterized in that: The alarm unit (500) comprises: an extreme fault alarm module (501), a possible fault alarm module (502) and an online alarm module (503); the extreme fault alarm module (501) and the possible fault alarm module (502) are both connected to the online alarm module (503); The extreme fault alarm module (501) is used to issue a fault alarm instruction when the electrical quantity collected by the fault recorder exceeds a preset standard threshold value; The possible fault comparison module (402) is used to set a similarity reference standard, and when the similarity comparison result exceeds the similarity reference standard, perform fault type judgment and issue a possible fault warning instruction; The online alarm module (503) is used to receive fault alarm instructions and possible fault alarm instructions, and send alarm information to the substation operation and maintenance management personnel.

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