Controllable lightning protection device based on full control and half control hybrid switch and control method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a controllable lightning protection device based on full-control and semi-control hybrid switches and a control method thereof, which comprises a fixed part and a controllable part connected in series, the controllable part comprises at least one controllable module, the controllable module comprises a second lightning arrester and a hybrid bypass switch, and the second lightning arrester and the hybrid bypass switch are arranged in parallel; the hybrid bypass switch comprises a full-control switch and at least one semi-control switch, wherein the full-control switch and the semi-control switch are connected in series, the full-control switch is used for controlling the hybrid bypass switch to realize active disconnection, and the semi-control switch is used for suppressing overvoltage and consuming energy. The device has the advantages of the rapid input and active disconnection of full-control and semi-control switches, has the rapid input and active exit capacity, can break through the limit of the suppression capacity of a traditional controllable lightning arrester, realizes decoupling voltage limiting and energy consumption, and can more deeply suppress transient overvoltage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lightning arrester control in direct current transmission system, and particularly relates to a controllable lightning arrester based on full control and half control hybrid switch and a control method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the significant increase of voltage level of the power system, the overvoltage level thereof increases rapidly. However, the power electronic devices in the power system are very sensitive to the overvoltage, resulting in the problems of low voltage utilization rate and high cost of the power electronic devices. Especially in high-altitude areas, due to the thin air, low atmospheric pressure and density, and low air electrical strength, the insulation of the power equipment becomes very fragile. In order to ensure the economy of power grid construction and the reliability of power transmission, the overvoltage needs to be deeply suppressed. In high-voltage direct current projects, the overvoltage on the direct current side is mainly suppressed by lightning arresters. However, in order to ensure the reliability of the lightning arresters, the charge rate thereof cannot be too high, which leads to the unsatisfactory protection performance.

[0003] In addition, the direct current energy consumption device is often used at present to deeply suppress the overvoltage on the direct current side, which can limit the overvoltage to below 1.1 p.u., and the overvoltage suppression effect is very good. However, by absorbing the surplus power of the system to reduce the overvoltage level, it is only suitable for suppressing the overvoltage with very low voltage rise rate and very long peak time, such as the overvoltage generated by the short-circuit fault of the alternating current side of the flexible direct current system on the direct current side. However, it cannot suppress the overvoltage with very high voltage rise rate, such as the overvoltage generated by the short-circuit fault of the direct current side of the flexible direct current system on the non-fault pole. At the same time, the use of a large number of full control type power electronic devices and independent water cooling systems leads to the increase of the cost.

[0004] In view of the above problems, a controllable lightning arrester device composed of controllable and fixed parts is further adopted, the fixed part mainly includes a lightning arrester, and the controllable part mainly includes a lightning arrester and a bypass switch in parallel. By turning on the bypass switch when the overvoltage occurs in the system to reduce the number of lightning arresters connected to the system, the charge rate and the transient voltage ratio are decoupled, and the overvoltage is finally deeply suppressed. The controllable lightning arrester has the advantages of low cost, low voltage and current change rate, and good electromagnetic compatibility. However, the half control type switch can only turn on the bypass controllable part but cannot turn off it, which leads to the fact that the controllable lightning arrester can only be put into operation but cannot be taken out. In order to avoid this problem, the rated voltage of the lightning arrester in the fixed part needs to be high enough, but this sacrifices the suppression ability of the controllable lightning arrester. This makes the lightning arrester have current even if the power system recovers to the rated voltage, so the voltage suppression ability of the existing controllable lightning arrester is limited, and it cannot realize safe and reliable overvoltage suppression. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the above prior art deficiencies, the application provides a controllable lightning protection device based on full control and half control hybrid switch and a control method thereof, and specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A controllable lightning protection device based on full control and half control hybrid switch, comprising a fixed part and a controllable part connected in series, wherein the fixed part comprises a first lightning arrester, the controllable part comprises at least one controllable module, the controllable module comprises a second lightning arrester and a hybrid bypass switch, and the second lightning arrester and the hybrid bypass switch are connected in parallel.

[0007] The hybrid bypass switch comprises a full control type switch and at least one half control type switch, wherein the full control type switch and the half control type switch are connected in series, the full control type switch is used to control the hybrid bypass switch to actively disconnect, and the half control type switch is used to suppress overvoltage and consume energy.

[0008] Optionally, the full control type switch adopts an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a gate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor controls an on-off state based on a voltage signal; when the voltage in the power system is normal, the insulated gate bipolar transistor is in an on state; and when the voltage in the power system decreases from an overvoltage state to a first preset threshold, the insulated gate bipolar transistor is in an off state.

[0009] Optionally, the half control type switch adopts a gap switch, and the controllable gap switch controls or changes an on-off state based on a voltage signal or a voltage change; when the voltage in the power system is normal, the gap switch is in an off state; and when the voltage in the power system is in an overvoltage state, the gap switch is in an on state.

[0010] Optionally, the half control type switch adopts a thyristor, and the thyristor controls an on-off state based on a voltage signal; when the voltage in the power system is in a normal state, the thyristor is in an off state; and when the voltage in the power system is in an overvoltage state, the thyristor is in an on state.

[0011] Optionally, the half control type switch adopts a gap switch and a thyristor in parallel, and an on-off state of the gap switch is controlled or changed based on a voltage signal or a voltage change, and an on-off state of the thyristor is controlled based on a voltage signal; when the voltage in the power system is in a normal state, the gap switch and the thyristor are both in an off state; and when the voltage in the power system is in an overvoltage state, at least one of the gap switch or the thyristor is in an on state.

[0012] Optionally, a rated voltage of the fixed part in the controllable lightning protection device needs to meet:

[0013]

[0014] wherein V R_FixedV is the rated voltage of the fixed surge arrester. DC The rated operating voltage of the power system; S Project The charging rate of surge arresters in the project; The design target for the pressure limiting level of the device; This represents the maximum value of fast wavefront overvoltage in engineering applications.

[0015] Optional: The overall rated voltage of the controllable surge arrester must meet the following requirements:

[0016]

[0017] Where V R The overall rated voltage of the controllable surge protection device; V DC S is the rated operating voltage of the power system; S is the charge rate of the surge arrester in the controllable surge protection device, where S≥0.6.

[0018] Optional: The rated voltage of the controllable part in the controllable lightning protection device must meet the following requirements:

[0019] V R_Changed =V R -V R_Fixed ;

[0020] Where V R_Changed V is the rated voltage of the controllable part. R The overall rated voltage of the controllable surge protection device; V R_Fixed This refers to the rated voltage of the fixed surge arrester.

[0021] Optional: Both the first surge arrester and the second surge arrester are metal oxide surge arresters.

[0022] Furthermore, this application also discloses a control method for a controllable lightning protection device based on a hybrid fully controlled and semi-controlled switch, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] When the power system is operating normally, the controllable surge arrester does not work. At this time, the fully controlled switch is in the normally closed state, and the semi-controlled switch is in the open state.

[0024] When the power system enters an overvoltage state and the voltage of the power system exceeds the safety threshold, the semi-controlled switch quickly turns on. At this time, the hybrid bypass switch closes, the controllable part is engaged, and the overvoltage is continuously suppressed.

[0025] When the overvoltage is suppressed and the power system voltage drops to the first preset threshold, the fully controlled switch quickly disconnects. At this time, the hybrid bypass switch opens, and the semi-controlled switch disconnects after the current flowing through it decreases to zero. The controllable part is disconnected and the controllable lightning arrester stops consuming energy.

[0026] Beneficial effects

[0027] The technical solution of this application achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The controllable surge arrester of this application is composed of a hybrid combination of fully controlled switch and semi-controlled switch, which is excellently compatible with the advantages of both in terms of rapid connection and active disconnection. It has the ability to quickly connect and actively disconnect, which can break through the suppression limit of traditional controllable surge arresters, achieve decoupling of voltage limiting and energy consumption, suppress transient overvoltage more deeply, and achieve higher suppression performance while reducing the size, weight and cost of the device. This makes the device have broad application prospects in flexible DC systems such as lightweight offshore converter platforms that urgently need deep suppression of transient overvoltage.

[0029] (2) The fully controlled switch in the controllable surge arrester of this application mainly includes fully controlled devices such as IGBTs to realize the active disconnection capability of the bypass switch, break through the voltage limit of the device, and enable the device to have the ability to exit during overvoltage. It decouples voltage limit and energy consumption, greatly reduces the number of parallel columns of the surge arrester, reduces the size, weight and cost of the equipment, and improves reliability. Furthermore, the semi-controlled switch adopts a gap, thyristor or both in parallel scheme, which can ensure that the controllable surge arrester has both anti-interference and fast and reliable start-up capabilities, further improving the reliability and safety of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the controllable lightning protection device in the embodiments of this application.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of voltage changes when the controllable lightning protection device performs overvoltage suppression in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal operation of the controllable lightning protection device during overvoltage suppression in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the operation of a controllable lightning protection device under normal operating conditions; Figure 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the operation of a semi-controlled switch under overvoltage conditions; Figure 3 (c) is a schematic diagram of the fully controlled switch operation after overvoltage is suppressed; Figure 3 (d) is a schematic diagram of the operation of a semi-controlled switch after overvoltage is suppressed.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present application will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present application.

[0035] In combination Figure 1 As shown in the drawings, the embodiment of the present application specifically discloses a controllable lightning protection device based on full control and half control hybrid switch, which comprises a fixed part I and a controllable part II connected in series, wherein the fixed part I comprises a first lightning arrester 4, the controllable part II comprises at least one controllable module, the controllable module comprises a second lightning arrester 3 and a hybrid bypass switch, and the second lightning arrester 3 and the hybrid bypass switch are arranged in parallel; the controllable lightning protection device reduces the number of lightning arresters connected to the power system by conducting the hybrid bypass switch when overvoltage occurs in the power system, thereby decoupling the charge rate and the transient voltage ratio, and finally achieving deep suppression of overvoltage. The device has the advantages of low cost, low voltage and current change rate, and good electromagnetic compatibility. At the same time, in order to ensure the rapid and reliable action and anti-interference in overvoltage suppression, the hybrid bypass switch usually adopts thyristor 2, gap switch and other technologies to significantly improve the action speed of the hybrid bypass switch. Preferably, the first lightning arrester 4 and the second lightning arrester 3 in the present application both adopt metal oxide lightning arresters.

[0036] It should be further pointed out that the conventional controllable lightning protection device at present is generally composed of a controllable part II and a fixed part I connected in series, the fixed part I mainly comprises a first lightning arrester 4, and the controllable part II mainly comprises a second lightning arrester 3 and a hybrid bypass switch connected in parallel. However, the controllable part II can only conduct the hybrid bypass switch but cannot disconnect it, which leads to the fact that the controllable lightning arrester can only be put into operation but cannot be taken out. In order to solve the above problems, the present application adopts the combination of full control and half control switches, which can take into account the rapid action and flexible exit, break through the limit of the voltage suppression capacity of the controllable lightning arrester, and decouple the voltage suppression and energy consumption.

[0037] Specifically, the hybrid bypass switch in the present application comprises a full control switch and at least one half control switch, wherein the full control switch and the half control switch are connected in series, the full control switch is used to control the hybrid bypass switch to realize active disconnection, and the half control switch is used to control the switching action of the second lightning arrester 3 to realize the suppression of overvoltage and energy consumption.

[0038] As a preferred mode, the full control switch in the present application can adopt an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and the gate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor is controlled by a voltage signal to control the on-off state. When the voltage in the power system is normal, the insulated gate bipolar transistor is in the on state; when the voltage in the power system decreases from the overvoltage state to a first preset threshold, the insulated gate bipolar transistor is in the off state. Based on the full control switch, the controllable lightning arrester of the present application can take into account the characteristics of rapid action and flexible exit,

[0039] Further, the lightning protection device in the power system needs to ensure that the lightning arrester presents high impedance in normal operation state, and quickly changes the impedance characteristics of the lightning arrester to present low impedance when overvoltage occurs in the power system, so as to discharge the overvoltage current into the ground, thereby protecting the electrical equipment. The controllable part II needs to be adjusted in real time according to the voltage, current and other parameters of the power system, so as to realize accurate control and protection of the overvoltage. The semi-controlled switch in the application can adopt a gap switch 1, a thyristor 2 or a combination of the two, and the purpose of the semi-controlled switch is to control the switching number of the second lightning arrester 3, and then control the impedance state of the controllable part II, so as to realize overvoltage suppression.

[0040] Preferably, when the semi-controlled switch adopts the gap switch 1, under normal circumstances, a certain gap is maintained between the two electrodes of the gap switch 1, at this time the controllable gap switch 1 is in an off state. When it is necessary to turn on the circuit, by applying a specific voltage or current signal, by changing the gap environment (such as air pressure, temperature, distance, etc.), the gap between the electrodes is broken down, thereby realizing the conduction of the circuit, for example, the gap switch includes a breakable gap switch, a controllable gap switch, etc. When the voltage reaches a certain value, the gap between the electrodes gradually recovers to an insulating state, and then presents an off state. The gap switch 1 in the application controls or changes the on-off state based on the voltage signal of the power system, when the voltage of the power system is normal, the gap switch 1 is in an off state, at this time the current flows to the second lightning arrester 3 of the controllable part II, and the controllable lightning protection device as a whole presents high impedance; when the voltage of the power system is in an overvoltage state, the gap switch 1 is in a conduction state, at this time the current flows to the gap switch 1, and the controllable lightning protection device as a whole presents low impedance.

[0041] As an alternative, the semi-controlled switch in the application can also adopt a thyristor 2. When no trigger signal is applied to the gate of the thyristor 2, the thyristor 2 is in a blocking state; when an appropriate trigger signal is applied to the gate, the thyristor 2 is triggered to conduct, and the current can flow from the anode to the cathode. And once the thyristor 2 is turned on, even if the gate trigger signal is removed, it can still maintain the conduction state, and only when the anode current is reduced to less than the holding current or the voltage between the anode and the cathode is reversed, the thyristor 2 will be turned off. Based on the above characteristics, the semi-controlled switch in the application adopts a thyristor 2, which controls the on-off state based on the voltage signal applied to the gate of the power system, when the voltage of the power system is in a normal state, the thyristor 2 is in an off state, at this time the current flows to the second lightning arrester 3 of the controllable part II, and the controllable lightning protection device as a whole presents high impedance; when the voltage of the power system is in an overvoltage state, the thyristor 2 is in a conduction state, at this time the current flows to the thyristor 2, and the controllable lightning protection device as a whole presents low impedance.

[0042] As another alternative, the semi-controlled switch of the application can also adopt the mode of parallel connection of the gap switch 1 and the thyristor 2, which combines the characteristics of the gap switch 1 and the thyristor 2 to constitute double insurance, changes the on-off state of the gap switch 1 through the voltage signal of the power system or based on the voltage change, controls the on-off state of the thyristor 2 through the voltage signal, and when the voltage in the power system is in a normal state, at least one of the gap switch 1 and the thyristor 2 is in a conducting state, at which time the current flows to the device in the conducting state, and the controllable lightning protection device as a whole presents a low impedance.

[0043] Further, the rated voltage (V R_Fixed ) of the fixed part lightning arrester in the application determines the overvoltage peak value in the deep voltage suppression stage, which reflects the voltage limiting capability, so in order to achieve the extra suppression target, the rated voltage of the fixed part in the controllable lightning protection device needs to meet:

[0044]

[0045] Wherein V R_Fixed is the rated voltage of the fixed part lightning arrester; V DC is the rated operating voltage of the power system; S Project is the charge rate of the lightning arrester in the project; is the design target of the voltage limiting level of the device; is the maximum value of the fast front overvoltage in the project.

[0046] Further, since the overall rated voltage (V R ) of the controllable lightning protection device needs to ensure that the leakage current and active loss of the device are small when the power system is normally operated, so as to ensure that the device has good aging performance and high reliability, the overall rated voltage is almost irrelevant to the voltage limiting effect of the lightning protection device. Therefore, the charge rate S of the lightning arrester in the controllable lightning protection device proposed in the application can be very low, but this will also increase the rated voltage of the lightning arrester in the controllable part II and the maximum voltage that the controllable part II can withstand, resulting in an increase in the cost of the controllable part II. Therefore, considering the economy, the charge rate S should not be too low, and the charge rate S is generally set to S≥0.6. At the same time, the overall rated voltage of the controllable lightning protection device needs to meet the following conditions:

[0047]

[0048] Wherein V R is the overall rated voltage of the controllable lightning protection device; V DC is the rated operating voltage of the power system; S is the charge rate of the lightning arrester in the controllable lightning protection device.​

[0049] Based on the overall rated voltage of the controllable lightning arrester and the rated voltage of the fixed part, the rated voltage of the controllable part in the controllable lightning arrester can be further determined to satisfy the following conditions:

[0050] V R_Changed = V R -V R_Fixed ;

[0051] Wherein V R_Changed is the rated voltage of the controllable part; V R is the overall rated voltage of the controllable lightning arrester; and V R_Fixed is the rated voltage of the lightning arrester of the fixed part.

[0052] Further, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the application also discloses a control method of the controllable lightning arrester based on the full-control and half-control hybrid switch, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0053] As shown in Figure 3 (a), when the power system is normally operated, i.e. in the T1 period, the voltage of the fixed part I is monitored in real time, and the monitoring value does not exceed the safety threshold value, so the controllable lightning arrester does not work, and the full-control switch is in the always-on state, and the half-control switch is in the off state.

[0054] As shown in Figure 3 (b), when the power system enters the overvoltage state, i.e. in the T2 period, and the voltage of the power system exceeds the safety threshold value, the half-control switch is quickly turned on, at this time, the hybrid bypass switch is closed, the hybrid bypass switch of the controllable part II is put into operation, and the overvoltage is continuously suppressed.

[0055] As shown in Figure 3 (c), when the overvoltage is suppressed, and the voltage of the power system drops to the first preset threshold value, i.e. in the T3 period, the full-control switch is quickly turned off, at this time, the hybrid bypass switch is opened, and the half-control switch is turned off after the current flowing therethrough is reduced to zero, as shown in Figure 3 (d), at this time, the controllable part II is turned off and cut out, and the controllable lightning arrester stops consuming energy. When the voltage of the power system returns to normal, the full-control switch returns to the always-on state.

[0056] As shown in Figure 4 , the application also provides an electronic device, which comprises a processor 701, a memory 702 and a bus 703, wherein the processor 701, the memory 702 and the bus 703 complete communication with each other; and comprises a program or instruction stored in the memory 702 and executable on the processor 701, and the program or instruction is executed by the processor 701 to realize the method as shown in Figure 1The method embodiments described above can be implemented by various processes, and the same technical effects can be achieved, so details are not repeated here.

[0057] The embodiments of the present application further provide a readable storage medium, which stores a program or instructions, and the program or instructions are executed by a processor to implement the above Figure 1 The method embodiments described above can be implemented by various processes, and the same technical effects can be achieved, so details are not repeated here.

[0058] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are executed by a processor to implement the above Figure 1 The method embodiments described above can be implemented by various processes, and the same technical effects can be achieved, so details are not repeated here.

[0059] It should be understood that the terms "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" as used throughout this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that the sequence of the above processes is not meant to imply a sequence of execution, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by their functions and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the application. The above sequence of the embodiments of the application is only for description, and does not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0060] It should be noted that in this document, the terms "comprise", "comprise", or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that processes, methods, articles, or devices that include a series of elements not only include those elements, but also include other elements not explicitly listed, or further include elements inherent to such processes, methods, articles, or devices. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "comprises a" does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or device that includes the element.

[0061] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other manners. The described device embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there can be another division manner for actual implementation, for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0062] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units; they can be located in one place, or distributed on a plurality of network units; and some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment.

[0063] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0064] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments can be completed by a program instructing related hardware, and the foregoing program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program executes the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments when executed; and the foregoing storage medium includes mobile storage devices, read-only memories (ROM), magnetic discs or optical discs, and various media that can store program codes.

[0065] Alternatively, the integrated units of the present application, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, can also be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes a plurality of instructions for causing an apparatus (which can be a terminal or a platform, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes mobile storage devices, ROM, magnetic discs or optical discs, and various media that can store program codes.

[0066] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A controllable lightning protection device based on a full control and half control hybrid switch, characterized in that, The controllable lightning protection device comprises a fixed part and a controllable part connected in series, wherein the fixed part comprises a first lightning arrester, and the controllable part comprises at least one controllable module, the controllable module comprising a second lightning arrester and a hybrid bypass switch, and the second lightning arrester and the hybrid bypass switch are connected in parallel; The hybrid bypass switch comprises a fully-controlled switch and at least one semi-controlled switch, wherein the fully-controlled switch and the semi-controlled switch are connected in series, the fully-controlled switch is used to control the hybrid bypass switch to achieve active disconnection, and the semi-controlled switch is used to suppress overvoltage and consume energy; The fully-controlled switch adopts an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a gate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor controls an on-off state based on a voltage signal; when the voltage in the power system is normal, the insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a conduction state; when the voltage in the power system decreases from an overvoltage state to a first preset threshold, the insulated gate bipolar transistor is in a disconnection state; The rated voltage of the fixed part of the controllable lightning protection device needs to meet: ； wherein is the rated voltage of the fixed arrester; is the rated operating voltage of the power system; is the charge rate of the arrester in the project; is the design target of the voltage limiting level of the device; is the maximum value of the fast front overvoltage in the project; The overall rated voltage of the controllable lightning protection device needs to meet: ; wherein is the overall rated voltage of the controllable lightning protection device; S is the chargeability of the lightning arrester in the controllable lightning protection device, wherein S ≥ 0.6; The rated voltage of the controllable part of the controllable lightning protection device needs to meet: ； wherein is the rated voltage of the controllable section.

2. The controllable lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that The semi-controlled switch adopts a gap switch, and the gap switch controls or changes an on-off state based on a voltage signal or a voltage change; when the voltage in the power system is normal, the gap switch is in a disconnection state; When the voltage in the power system is in an overvoltage state, the gap switch is in a conduction state.

3. The controllable lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that The semi-controlled switch adopts a thyristor, and the thyristor controls an on-off state based on a voltage signal; when the voltage in the power system is in a normal state, the thyristor is in a disconnection state; when the voltage in the power system is in an overvoltage state, the thyristor is in a conduction state.

4. The controllable lightning arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that The semi-controlled switch adopts a gap switch and a thyristor in parallel, and the on-off state of the gap switch is controlled or changed based on a voltage signal or a voltage change, and the on-off state of the thyristor is controlled by a voltage signal; when the voltage in the power system is in a normal state, the gap switch and the thyristor are both in a disconnection state; when the voltage in the power system is in an overvoltage state, at least one of the gap switch or the thyristor is in a conduction state.

5. The controllable lightning arrester of claim 1, wherein Both the first lightning arrester and the second lightning arrester adopt a metal oxide lightning arrester.

6. A control method for the controllable lightning protection device of the full-control and semi-control hybrid switch according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: When the power system is in normal operation, the controllable lightning arrester does not work, at this time, the fully-controlled switch is in a constant conduction state, and the semi-controlled switch is in a disconnection state; When the power system enters an overvoltage state and the voltage of the power system exceeds a safety threshold, the semi-controlled switch is quickly turned on, at this time, the hybrid bypass switch is closed, the controllable part is put into operation, and the overvoltage is continuously suppressed; When the overvoltage is suppressed and the voltage of the power system decreases to the first preset threshold, the fully-controlled switch is quickly disconnected, at this time, the hybrid bypass switch is opened, the semi-controlled switch is disconnected after the current flowing through the semi-controlled switch decreases to zero, the controllable part is disconnected and cut out, and the controllable lightning protection device stops consuming energy.

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