An Equalization Algorithm and Device Applied to an Energy Storage Battery Management System

Abstract

The present invention discloses an equalization algorithm and device applied to an energy storage battery management system, relating to the technical field of energy storage batteries. The algorithm includes: capturing in real time the state parameters of energy storage battery units in the energy storage battery management system to generate a unit state vector; analyzing the unit state vector to identify the differences in the health states between the energy storage battery units and calculating the equalization difference amount; constructing an energy transfer link through a balancing path according to the health state differences, the equalization difference amount and the voltage, selecting a path with high efficiency and small load for equalization; monitoring the state changes of the energy storage battery units, calculating the equalization transfer state, and dynamically adjusting the energy transfer link according to the changes in the equalization transfer state. By dynamically monitoring in real time the state parameters of the energy storage battery units, accurately evaluating the health state, optimizing the energy transmission path, and realizing efficient and automatic equalization adjustment, the stability, energy efficiency and service life of the energy storage battery management system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and particularly to a balancing algorithm and device applied to an energy storage battery management system. Background Art

[0002] In modern energy storage battery management systems, the performance balancing and health state maintenance of energy storage battery units are key issues. Energy storage batteries usually consist of multiple battery units. These battery units may have slight differences during the manufacturing process, and during long-term use, these differences will further expand, resulting in inconsistent state parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and remaining capacity of the battery units. This inconsistency in the state may affect the overall performance of the energy storage battery, leading to a decrease in system efficiency and even potentially causing safety problems.

[0003] In the prior art, most of the balancing algorithms for energy storage batteries are based on static balancing strategies, that is, when significant differences in state parameters are detected between battery units, balancing adjustments are made. The main deficiencies of this strategy are as follows: Lack of timely response: The static balancing algorithm can only make adjustments after the battery state is significantly unbalanced, and fails to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic balancing of the battery unit state. This may lead to a long duration of state differences between battery units, thereby affecting the health and service life of the battery; Lack of in-depth state analysis: Most of the existing balancing algorithms only focus on a single state parameter of the battery unit, such as voltage or current, etc., and fail to comprehensively analyze the influence of multiple parameters on the health state of the battery unit, lacking an accurate assessment of the state between battery units; Low balancing efficiency: The existing balancing strategies usually fail to make refined adjustments according to the specific characteristics and changing conditions of the battery units, resulting in poor balancing adjustment effects and being unable to fully improve the stability and energy efficiency of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a balancing algorithm and device applied to an energy storage battery management system to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A balancing algorithm applied to an energy storage battery management system, including:

[0006] Real-time capture the state parameters of the energy storage battery units in the energy storage battery management system to generate a unit state vector for describing the health state of the energy storage battery units;

[0007] Analyze the unit state vectors of the energy storage battery units through a difference monitoring module to identify the health state differences between the energy storage battery units and calculate the balancing difference amount;

[0008] According to the health state difference, equalization difference amount and voltage of the energy storage battery units, an energy transfer link is constructed through the balancing path, and a path with high efficiency and small load is selected for equalization.

[0009] Monitor the state change of the energy storage battery units, calculate the equalization transfer state, and dynamically adjust the energy transfer link according to the change of the equalization transfer state to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the equalization process.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that the state parameters include voltage, current, temperature and remaining power, and the captured state parameters are normalized to make the state parameters in the same dimension range; the processed state parameters are combined into a unit state vector in a predetermined order.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the unit state vectors of the energy storage battery units are analyzed by a difference monitoring module to identify the health state differences between the energy storage battery units and calculate the equalization difference amount, including:

[0012] Extract the energy form feature and state response feature according to the unit state vector of the energy storage battery unit;

[0013] Construct a health feature vector according to the energy form feature and state response feature;

[0014] Calculate the health state difference and equalization difference amount between the energy storage battery units through the health feature vector. The present invention is further configured such that the calculation logic of the energy form feature is: Wherein, is the energy form feature of the i-th energy storage battery unit, V i is the voltage of the i-th energy storage battery unit, SOC i is the remaining power of the i-th energy storage battery unit, and ∈ is a constant used to prevent division by zero; the calculation logic of the state response feature is: is the state response feature of the i-th energy storage battery unit, T i is the temperature of the i-th energy storage battery unit, I i is the current of the i-th energy storage battery unit;

[0015] According to the energy form feature and the state response feature Construct a health feature vector H i where H i is the health feature vector of the i-th energy storage battery unit;

[0016] The calculation logic of the health state difference between the energy storage battery units is: D ijis the difference in the state of health between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, and m is the dimension of the health feature vector H i which is specifically 2, namely the energy form feature and the state response feature Therefore, H ik and H jk are the features of the k-th dimension of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units respectively;

[0017] The calculation logic of the equalization difference amount is: where BV is the equalization difference amount and n is the number of energy storage battery units.

[0018] The present invention is further configured to construct an energy transfer link through a balancing path according to the difference in the state of health, the equalization difference amount, and the voltage of the energy storage battery units, select an efficient and lightly loaded path, and perform equalization, including:

[0019] Calculate the voltage electromotive force according to the difference in the state of health and the voltage, construct a voltage electromotive force matrix, and perform threshold judgment on the voltage electromotive force matrix and the equalization difference amount;

[0020] When the equalization difference amount BV is greater than or equal to the equalization difference threshold, generate a global equalization signal;

[0021] When the equalization difference amount BV is less than the equalization difference threshold and the voltage electromotive force g ij between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units is greater than or equal to the voltage electromotive force threshold, generate a local equalization signal.

[0022] The present invention is further configured that the calculation logic of the voltage electromotive force is: where g ij is the voltage electromotive force between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, V i and V j are the voltages of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units respectively, D ij is the difference in the state of health between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, T i and T j are the temperatures of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units respectively, and α is the temperature sensitivity coefficient;

[0023] Calculate the voltage electromotive force g ij and the equalization difference amount BV for all pairs of energy storage battery units, and form a voltage electromotive force matrix G according to the voltage electromotive force g ij

[0024] The present invention is further configured that when a local equalization signal is generated, obtain the pair of energy storage battery units corresponding to the largest voltage electromotive force g ij in the voltage electromotive force matrix G and perform equalization; ​

[0025] When generating the global equilibrium signal, energy storage battery cell pairs with high voltage electromotive force are selected as candidate transfer paths according to the voltage electromotive force matrix, the transfer path weights and load coefficients of the energy storage battery cell pairs are calculated, and the path with a lower load coefficient is selected as the optimal transfer path;

[0026] The calculation logic of the transfer path weight is as follows: where p ij is the transfer path weight between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery cells, SOC j is the remaining power of the j-th energy storage battery cell, I i is the current of the i-th energy storage battery cell, and β is the current regulation factor;

[0027] The calculation logic of the load coefficient is as follows: where λ ij is the load coefficient between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery cells, I j is the current of the j-th energy storage battery cell, and γ is the current imbalance coefficient;

[0028] According to the load coefficient, the path with a lower load coefficient is selected as the optimal transfer path to generate the optimal path set, and balancing is performed according to the optimal path set.

[0029] The present invention is further configured to monitor the state changes of the energy storage battery cells, calculate the balancing transfer state, and dynamically adjust the energy transfer link according to the changes in the balancing transfer state to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the balancing process, including:

[0030] Calculate the change rate of the state parameters of the energy storage battery cells, that is, the change amount of the state parameters per unit time, and calculate the balancing transfer state according to the state parameters and the change rate of the state parameters;

[0031] Within each time step, by real-time updating the value of the balancing transfer state, the stability of each energy transfer link is dynamically monitored. When the balancing transfer state is less than the balancing transfer state threshold, the current intensity of the transfer link is dynamically adjusted. When the balancing is completed, the monitoring is stopped. The condition for the completion of the balancing is that the balancing difference BV is less than the balancing difference threshold and the voltage electromotive force g ij of any energy storage battery cell pair is less than the voltage electromotive force threshold.

[0032] The present invention is further configured that the calculation logic of the balancing transfer state is as follows: where Q ij (t) is the balancing transfer state between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery cells at time t, V i (t) and V jV(t) is the voltage of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, T i V(t) and T j T(t) is the temperature of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, and dI / dt are the current change rates of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, α is the temperature sensitivity coefficient, and ζ is the current change suppression coefficient;

[0033] The dynamic adjustment logic of the current intensity of the transmission link is: I ij I(t) = I ij I(t - 1)·(1 - δ·(τ - Q ij I(t))), where I ij I(t) and I ij I(t - 1) are the current intensities of the transmission link between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t and time t - 1 respectively, τ is the equilibrium transmission state threshold, and δ is the current adjustment coefficient.

[0034] The present invention also provides an equalization device applied to an energy storage battery management system. The device includes:

[0035] Parameter capture module: Real-time capture the state parameters of the energy storage battery units in the energy storage battery management system, generate a unit state vector, and be used to describe the health state of the energy storage battery units;

[0036] Difference calculation module: Analyze the unit state vectors of the energy storage battery units through the difference monitoring module, identify the health state differences between the energy storage battery units, and calculate the equalization difference amount;

[0037] Path construction module: According to the health state differences, equalization difference amounts and voltages of the energy storage battery units, construct an energy transmission link through a balanced path, select an efficient and less-loaded path for equalization;

[0038] State monitoring module: Monitor the state changes of the energy storage battery units, calculate the equalization transmission state, and dynamically adjust the energy transmission link according to the changes of the equalization transmission state to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the equalization process.

[0039] The present invention provides an equalization algorithm and device applied to an energy storage battery management system. The algorithm captures the state parameters of energy storage battery units in the energy storage battery management system in real time to generate a unit state vector for describing the health state of the energy storage battery units. The difference monitoring module analyzes the unit state vectors of the energy storage battery units to identify the health state differences between the energy storage battery units and calculate the equalization difference amount. According to the health state differences, equalization difference amount, and voltage of the energy storage battery units, an energy transfer link is constructed through the balance path to select an efficient and lightly loaded path for equalization. The state changes of the energy storage battery units are monitored, the equalization transfer state is calculated, and the energy transfer link is dynamically adjusted according to the changes in the equalization transfer state to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the equalization process. The beneficial effects generated include:

[0040] 1. Dynamic equalization adjustment to improve system stability: By real-time monitoring the state parameters of energy storage battery units, including voltage, temperature, remaining battery capacity, etc., a unit health feature vector is generated, which can accurately analyze the state differences between units. Different from existing static equalization algorithms, the present invention can perform real-time adjustment based on the dynamic changes in battery states, ensuring that the battery units are always in a relatively balanced state during operation, avoiding the negative impact of long-term state imbalance on battery health, and thus greatly improving the stability of the energy storage battery management system;

[0041] 2. Multi-dimensional health state assessment to improve the accuracy of equalization adjustment: The present invention not only evaluates battery units through single parameters such as voltage and current, but also comprehensively considers multiple parameters to construct a health feature vector, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of the health state of battery units. Through this multi-dimensional health state monitoring and analysis, the state differences between battery units can be more accurately identified, the equalization difference amount can be calculated, and then a refined equalization strategy can be formulated to effectively improve the effect of equalization adjustment;

[0042] 3. Optimize the energy transmission path to improve equalization efficiency: The present invention dynamically adjusts the equalization transmission link by calculating the state differences and their change rates between battery units and selects the best transmission path, making the energy transmission between battery units more efficient. This method not only reduces unnecessary energy losses but also ensures the stability of energy transmission during the equalization process of battery units, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the overall equalization process;

[0043] 4. Quick response to abnormal states and extend battery life: The present invention can monitor the state changes of energy storage battery units through a difference module, identify and respond to abnormal states, such as problems like a sharp decline in the health state of battery units or excessive equalization differences. When identifying an abnormality, it can quickly take corresponding equalization adjustment measures to promptly restore the normal state of the battery units, effectively avoiding damage to the battery units caused by long-term abnormalities, thereby extending the service life of the entire energy storage battery management system.

[0044] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to be able to more clearly understand the technical means of this application, it can be implemented in accordance with the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following specifically gives the specific implementation manners of this application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for description in the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of an equalization algorithm applied to an energy storage battery management system shown in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of an equalization device applied to an energy storage battery management system shown in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation manners. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, rather than for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that the diagrams provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Therefore, only the components related to the present invention are shown in the diagrams, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape, and size of the components in actual implementation. The type, quantity, and ratio of each component in actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the component layout type may also be more complex.

[0050] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] An equalization algorithm applied to an energy storage battery management system, such as Figure 1 shown, includes:

[0053] Capture the state parameters of the energy storage battery units in the energy storage battery management system in real time to generate a unit state vector for describing the health state of the energy storage battery units;

[0054] Analyze the unit state vectors of the energy storage battery units through a difference monitoring module to identify the health state differences between the energy storage battery units and calculate the equalization difference amount;

[0055] According to the health state differences, equalization difference amounts, and voltages of the energy storage battery units, construct an energy transfer link through a balancing path, select an efficient and lightly loaded path for equalization;

[0056] Monitor the state changes of the energy storage battery units, calculate the equalization transfer state, and dynamically adjust the energy transfer link according to the changes in the equalization transfer state to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the equalization process.

[0057] Specifically, the energy storage battery management system is a system for monitoring and managing an energy storage battery pack. Its main functions are to monitor the state parameters of the battery in real time, control the charging and discharging process of the battery, ensure the balance and optimization among battery cells, and prevent abnormal situations such as overcharging and over-discharging. The goal of this system is to improve the operating efficiency of the entire energy storage battery pack, extend the battery life, and ensure the safety of the system. It is widely used in electric vehicles, household energy storage devices, and large-scale grid energy storage systems; the energy storage battery cell is the basic component of the energy storage battery system, usually referring to a single or a group of electrochemical devices with energy storage functions, such as a lithium-ion battery monomer or module. Each battery cell is responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy, and its health status and performance directly affect the overall efficiency and life of the entire energy storage battery system. Multiple energy storage battery cells are usually combined into a battery pack in series or parallel. During the operation of the system, the state differences among the cells may affect the overall balance, so a management system is needed to monitor and adjust them. The present invention is further configured such that the state parameters include voltage, current, temperature, and remaining charge, and the captured state parameters are normalized to make the state parameters within the same dimension range; the processed state parameters are combined into a unit state vector in a predetermined order. In a feasible embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined order may be: [voltage, current, temperature, remaining charge]. Other orders that can be used to describe the health state of the energy storage battery cell can also be used as embodiments, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0058] The present invention is further configured such that the unit state vectors of the energy storage battery cells are analyzed by a difference monitoring module to identify the health state differences among the energy storage battery cells and calculate the balance difference amount, including:

[0059] Extract the energy form feature and state response feature according to the unit state vector of the energy storage battery cell; the present invention is further configured such that the calculation logic of the energy form feature is: Wherein, is the energy form feature of the i-th energy storage battery cell, V i is the voltage of the i-th energy storage battery cell, SOC i is the remaining charge of the i-th energy storage battery cell, and ∈ is a constant used to prevent division by zero; the calculation logic of the state response feature is: is the state response feature of the i-th energy storage battery cell, T i is the temperature of the i-th energy storage battery cell, I iis the current of the i-th energy storage battery unit; specifically, in the calculation logic of the energy form characteristics, the natural logarithm function ln() is used to process the voltage and remaining power of the battery unit. When the remaining power is close to 0, the influence of the voltage and remaining power is amplified, enabling the balancing algorithm to more sensitively perceive the state differences of the battery units. At the same time, the +1 term prevents negative output of the logarithmic function; in the calculation logic of the state response characteristics, the ratio of the temperature to the current of the battery unit reflects the thermal effect of the battery during operation. A higher ratio may mean that the battery has a large temperature rise at a relatively small current, which is usually unfavorable and may indicate insufficient heat dissipation capacity or increased internal impedance of the battery. On the contrary, a lower ratio means that the temperature rise of the battery is relatively mild even at a higher current, usually indicating that the battery is in good working condition.

[0060] Construct a health feature vector based on the energy form characteristics and state response characteristics; according to the energy form characteristics and state response characteristics Construct a health feature vector H i , where H i is the health feature vector of the i-th energy storage battery unit; specifically, when constructing the health feature vector based on the energy form characteristics and state response characteristics, no specific restrictions are imposed on the order of the energy form characteristics and state response characteristics.

[0061] Calculate the health state difference and balancing difference amount between energy storage battery units through the health feature vector; the calculation logic of the health state difference between energy storage battery units is: D ij is the health state difference between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, and m is the dimension of the health feature vector H i , specifically 2, that is, the energy form characteristics and state response characteristics Therefore, H ik and H jk are the characteristics of the k-th dimension of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units;

[0062] The calculation logic of the balancing difference amount is: Among them, BV is the balance difference amount, and n is the number of energy storage battery units; specifically, through the quantification of the state of health difference, the present invention can perform personalized adjustment for the differences between energy storage battery units, reduce the imbalance state inside the system, thereby improving the operation efficiency and lifespan of the entire energy storage system; the real-time calculation of the state of health difference enables the system to timely adjust the balance strategy when obvious state differences occur between battery units, avoiding the adverse impact on the battery lifespan caused by long-term unbalanced operation; the magnitude of the balance difference amount directly affects the energy transmission optimization strategy of the system. When the balance difference amount is relatively large, a more balanced transmission path can be selected to reduce energy loss and improve transmission efficiency.

[0063] The present invention is further configured to construct an energy transfer link through a balance path according to the state of health difference, balance difference amount, and voltage of the energy storage battery units, select an efficient and less-loaded path for balancing, including:

[0064] Calculate the voltage electromotive force according to the state of health difference and voltage, construct a voltage electromotive force matrix, and perform threshold judgment on the voltage electromotive force matrix and the balance difference amount; the present invention is further configured that the calculation logic of the voltage electromotive force is: where g ij is the voltage electromotive force between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, V i and V j are the voltages of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units respectively, D ij is the state of health difference between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, T i and T j are the temperatures of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units respectively, and α is the temperature sensitivity coefficient; specifically, the above calculation logic calculates the voltage difference |V i -V j | between the energy storage battery units i and j, and this difference reflects the voltage imbalance degree between the two. According to the state of health difference D ij between the battery units, the voltage difference is corrected, and the correction coefficient is proportional to the state of health difference between the two. The influence of temperature on the voltage electromotive force is introduced through the exponential term exp(-α·|T i -T j |) to ensure the adjustment of the voltage electromotive force considering the influence of temperature. α is a constant used to adjust the influence of the temperature difference. A higher α value indicates that the temperature has a greater influence on the battery performance. The common value range of the temperature sensitivity coefficient is between 0.01 and 0.1;

[0065] Calculate the voltage electromotive force g ij of all pairs of energy storage battery units and the balance difference amount BV. According to the voltage electromotive force g ijConstruct the voltage electromotive force matrix G; by introducing the difference in health state and temperature correction, the calculation of the voltage electromotive force not only considers the voltage difference between battery cells, but also combines the health state and temperature difference of the battery, making the unbalanced state between battery cells more accurately quantified; by constructing the voltage electromotive force matrix, the balance state of the battery cells can be comprehensively evaluated, and corresponding balancing strategies can be adopted according to the difference in voltage electromotive force to ensure that the states between the battery cells gradually tend to be balanced, thereby improving the overall stability of the system.

[0066] When the balance difference amount BV is greater than or equal to the balance difference threshold, a global balance signal is generated; when the global balance signal is generated, the energy storage battery cell pair with a high voltage electromotive force is selected as the candidate transfer path according to the voltage electromotive force matrix, the transfer path weight and load factor of the energy storage battery cell pair are calculated, and the path with a lower load factor is selected as the optimal transfer path; specifically, when the balance difference amount is greater than or equal to the balance difference threshold, a global balance signal is generated, and by selecting the energy storage battery cell pair with a higher voltage electromotive force as the candidate transfer path, and further calculating the path weight and load factor, the path with a smaller transfer load is selected as the optimized transmission path, thereby completing the energy balance adjustment.

[0067] The calculation logic of the transfer path weight is as follows: where p ij is the transfer path weight between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery cells, SOC j is the remaining charge of the j-th energy storage battery cell, I i is the current of the i-th energy storage battery cell, and β is the current regulation factor; specifically, the transfer path weight p ij is the priority weight of the transfer path between energy storage battery cells i and j. The larger this value is, the more suitable the energy transfer path between this pair of battery cells is in the balancing operation. The smaller the weight, the greater the load or inefficiency that may be caused by transferring energy on this path, so the priority is lower; the value of the current regulation factor β usually ranges from 0.01 to 0.1. A higher value indicates that the current has a greater impact on the transfer path weight. The larger this value is, the stronger the inhibitory effect of the current on the path selection, and the weight of the path with a large current will be reduced; the formula ensures that the best path for energy transfer can be accurately judged when selecting the balance path by integrating multiple factors such as voltage electromotive force, remaining charge, and current, improving the efficiency and accuracy of energy balance adjustment. Through the current regulation factor, it is possible to effectively avoid transferring energy on paths with large loads, reducing the overload or instability that may occur during the energy transfer process, ensuring the safety of the energy storage system. Through the calculation of the path weight, the priority of the transfer path can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual state of the battery cells, ensuring the optimal efficiency during the energy transfer process and reducing unnecessary energy losses.

[0068] The calculation logic of the load factor is as follows: Among them, λ ij is the load factor between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, I j is the current of the j-th energy storage battery unit, and γ is the current imbalance coefficient; specifically, the load factor represents the degree of load imbalance between the energy storage battery units i and j. The larger the load factor, the greater the current imbalance between the battery units or the lower the transfer path weight. Therefore, it is not suitable as an energy transfer path. On the contrary, a path with a smaller load factor is more suitable for energy transfer; the regulation factor γ is used to control the influence of the current difference on the load factor, and its value range is from 0.01 to 0.1. When the energy storage system is more sensitive to current imbalance, the value of γ may be higher to increase the influence of the current difference on the load factor.

[0069] According to the load factor, select the path with a lower load factor as the optimal transfer path, generate the optimal path set, and perform balancing according to the optimal path set.

[0070] When the balance difference amount BV is less than the balance difference threshold and the voltage electromotive force g ij of the energy storage battery unit pair is greater than or equal to the voltage electromotive force threshold, a local balance signal is generated; when the local balance signal is generated, obtain the energy storage battery unit pair corresponding to the largest voltage electromotive force g ij in the voltage electromotive force matrix G and perform balancing.

[0071] The present invention is further configured to monitor the state change of the energy storage battery unit, calculate the balance transfer state, and dynamically adjust the energy transfer link according to the change of the balance transfer state to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the balancing process, including:

[0072] Calculate the change rate of the state parameters of the energy storage battery unit, that is, the change amount of the state parameters per unit time, and calculate the balance transfer state according to the state parameters and the change rate of the state parameters; the present invention is further configured that the calculation logic of the balance transfer state is as follows: Among them, Q ij (t) is the balance transfer state between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, V i (t) and V j (t) are the voltages of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, T i (t) and T j (t) are the temperatures of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, and are the current change rates of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, α is the temperature sensitivity coefficient, and ζ is the current change suppression coefficient; Q ij(t) represents the energy transfer equilibrium state between energy storage battery units i and j at time t. The equilibrium transfer state between battery units is comprehensively calculated through voltage difference, temperature difference, and current change rate. The larger the value, the better the energy transfer balance between the two, and the more suitable for balance adjustment. The current change suppression coefficient ζ is used to control the influence of current change on the equilibrium transfer state, and its value range is between 0.01 and 0.1. A larger ζ indicates a greater influence of current change on the transfer state, while a smaller ζ indicates a higher tolerance of the system to current change. By combining voltage difference, temperature difference, and current change rate, the state changes between energy storage battery units can be monitored in real time, and the energy transfer path can be dynamically adjusted to ensure the accuracy of balance adjustment. The formula comprehensively considers multiple factors such as voltage, temperature, and current change to ensure that the energy transfer path can not only effectively transfer energy but also avoid instability caused by temperature or current fluctuations, optimizing the operation efficiency.

[0073] Within each time step, by real-time updating the value of the equilibrium transfer state, the stability of each energy transfer link is dynamically monitored. When the equilibrium transfer state is less than the equilibrium transfer state threshold, the current intensity of the transfer link is dynamically adjusted. When the balance is completed, the monitoring stops. The balance completion condition is that the balance difference BV is less than the balance difference threshold and the voltage electromotive force g of any energy storage battery unit pair ij is less than the voltage electromotive force threshold; the dynamic adjustment logic of the current intensity of the transfer link is: I ij (t) = I ij (t - 1)·(1 - δ·(τ - Q ij (t))), where, I ij (t) and I ij(t - 1) is the current intensity of the transfer link between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t and time t - 1 respectively, τ is the equilibrium transfer state threshold, and δ is the current adjustment coefficient; specifically, the above logic dynamically monitors the equilibrium transfer state of the energy storage battery units and adjusts the current intensity of the energy transfer link according to the real-time updated equilibrium transfer state value, so as to ensure the stability of the system and the effect of equilibrium regulation. When the equilibrium transfer state is lower than a certain threshold, the current of the transfer link is dynamically adjusted until the equilibrium is completed. The equilibrium transfer state threshold is a preset threshold used to judge whether the equilibrium process is completed. The correction factor δ is a parameter used to control the current adjustment rate, and its value range is between 0.01 and 0.1. By real-time monitoring the equilibrium transfer state and dynamically adjusting the current intensity, it can more flexibly respond to the state changes between energy storage battery units, improve the efficiency and accuracy of energy equilibrium regulation. By introducing the correction factor and the equilibrium transfer state threshold, the current intensity can be gradually adjusted to ensure the smoothness of the energy transfer process and avoid instability caused by drastic changes in current. Through equilibrium regulation, the system can timely correct the state differences between battery units, avoid damage to battery units caused by long-term excessive imbalance, and thus extend the service life of the battery.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] Please refer to Figure 2 , the exemplary equilibrium device applied to the energy storage battery management system includes:

[0076] Parameter capture module: Real-time captures the state parameters of the energy storage battery units in the energy storage battery management system, generates a unit state vector, and is used to describe the health state of the energy storage battery units;

[0077] Difference calculation module: Analyzes the unit state vectors of the energy storage battery units through the difference monitoring module, identifies the health state differences between the energy storage battery units, and calculates the equilibrium difference amount;

[0078] Path construction module: Constructs an energy transfer link through the balance path according to the health state differences, equilibrium difference amounts, and voltages of the energy storage battery units, selects an efficient and lightly loaded path, and performs equilibrium;

[0079] State monitoring module: Monitors the state changes of the energy storage battery units, calculates the equilibrium transfer state, and dynamically adjusts the energy transfer link according to the changes in the equilibrium transfer state to ensure the smoothness and efficiency of the equilibrium process.

[0080] It should be noted that an equalization device applied to an energy storage battery management system provided by the above embodiments and an equalization algorithm applied to an energy storage battery management system provided by the above embodiments belong to the same concept. The specific manners in which each module and unit perform operations have been described in detail in the method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein. In actual applications, an equalization device applied to an energy storage battery management system provided by the above embodiments can, according to needs, allocate the above functions to different functional modules, that is, divide the internal structure of the system into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. This is not limited herein either.

[0081] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by wire (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains a collection of one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (such as a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0082] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Here, A and B can be singular or plural. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after, but it may also represent an "and / or" relationship. The specific meaning can be understood by referring to the context before and after.

[0083] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or a similar expression means any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a - b, a - c, b - c, or a - b - c, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0084] It should be understood that in various embodiments of this application, the magnitude of the sequence numbers of the above - mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0085] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0086] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0087] In several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there can be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be in an electrical, mechanical, or other form.

[0088] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0089] In addition, in each embodiment of the present application, each functional unit may be integrated into one processing unit, may exist physically alone for each unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0090] If the above-mentioned functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0091] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered by the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A balancing algorithm applied to an energy storage battery management system, characterized in that: include: Capture the state parameters of the energy storage battery unit in the energy storage battery management system in real time and generate a unit state vector to describe the health status of the energy storage battery unit; The cell state vector of the energy storage battery cell is analyzed through the difference monitoring module, the health state difference between the energy storage battery cells is identified, and the balance difference amount is calculated; According to the health status difference, balance difference and voltage of the energy storage battery cells, an energy transfer link is constructed through a balance path, and an efficient and lightly loaded path is selected for balancing; Monitor the state changes of energy storage battery units, calculate the balanced transfer state, and dynamically adjust the energy transfer link according to the changes in the balanced transfer state to ensure the stability and efficiency of the balancing process; According to the health status difference, balance difference and voltage of the energy storage battery cells, an energy transfer link is constructed through a balance path, and an efficient and lightly loaded path is selected for balancing, including: Calculate the voltage potential according to the health status difference and voltage, construct the voltage potential matrix, and make threshold judgment on the voltage potential matrix and the equilibrium difference; When the balance difference value BV is greater than or equal to the balance difference threshold, a global balance signal is generated; When the balance difference BV is less than the balance difference threshold and the voltage potential g of the energy storage battery unit pair ij When it is greater than or equal to the voltage potential threshold, a local equilibrium signal is generated; The calculation logic of the voltage potential is: Among them, g ij is the voltage potential between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, V i and V j are the voltages of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, respectively, and D ij is the difference in health status between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, T i and T j are the temperatures of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, respectively, and α is the temperature sensitivity coefficient; Calculate the voltage potential g of all energy storage battery cell pairs ij and the equilibrium difference BV, according to the voltage potential g ij Construct the voltage potential matrix G.

2. The equalization algorithm applied to the energy storage battery management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The state parameters include voltage, current, temperature and remaining power. The captured state parameters are normalized so that the state parameters are in the same dimension range; the processed state parameters are combined into a unit state vector in a predetermined order.

3. The equalization algorithm applied to the energy storage battery management system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The cell state vector of the energy storage battery cell is analyzed through the difference monitoring module, the health state difference between the energy storage battery cells is identified, and the balance difference amount is calculated, including: Extracting energy morphological features and state response features according to a cell state vector of an energy storage battery cell; Construct a health feature vector based on energy morphology features and state response features; The health status difference and balance difference between energy storage battery units are calculated through the health feature vector.

4. The equalization algorithm applied to the energy storage battery management system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The calculation logic of the energy morphology feature is: in, is the energy form characteristic of the i-th energy storage battery unit, V i is the voltage of the i-th energy storage battery unit, SOC i is the remaining power of the i-th energy storage battery unit, ∈ is a constant used to prevent division by zero; the calculation logic of the state response feature is: is the state response characteristic of the i-th energy storage battery unit, T i is the temperature of the i-th energy storage battery unit, I i is the current of the i-th energy storage battery unit; According to the energy form characteristics and state response characteristics Construct the health feature vector H i , where H i is the health feature vector of the i-th energy storage battery unit; The calculation logic of the health status difference between energy storage battery units is: D ij is the difference in health status between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, and m is the health feature vector H i The dimension is 2, which is the energy form characteristic. and state response characteristics So H ik and H jk That is, the feature of the kth dimension of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units; The calculation logic of the equilibrium difference is: Among them, BV is the balance difference, and n is the number of energy storage battery units.

5. The equalization algorithm applied to the energy storage battery management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When generating a local equilibrium signal, obtain the maximum voltage potential g in the voltage potential matrix G ij The corresponding energy storage battery unit pairs are balanced; When generating a global equilibrium signal, a pair of energy storage battery cells with high voltage potential is selected as a candidate transfer path according to the voltage potential matrix, the transfer path weight and load factor of the energy storage battery cell pair are calculated, and a path with a lower load factor is selected as the optimal transfer path; The calculation logic of the transfer path weight is: Among them, p ij is the transfer path weight between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, SOC j is the remaining power of the jth energy storage battery unit, I i is the current of the i-th energy storage battery unit, β is the current regulation factor; The calculation logic of the load factor is: Among them, λ ij is the load factor between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units, I j is the current of the jth energy storage battery unit, γ is the current imbalance coefficient; According to the load factor, the path with the lower load factor is selected as the optimal transmission path, an optimal path set is generated, and balancing is performed based on the optimal path set.

6. The equalization algorithm applied to the energy storage battery management system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Monitor the state changes of energy storage battery units, calculate the balanced transfer state, and dynamically adjust the energy transfer link according to the changes in the balanced transfer state to ensure the stability and efficiency of the balancing process, including: Calculate the change rate of the state parameter of the energy storage battery unit, that is, the change of the state parameter per unit time, and calculate the equilibrium transfer state according to the state parameter and the change rate of the state parameter; In each time step, the stability of each energy transfer link is dynamically monitored by updating the value of the balanced transfer state in real time. When the balanced transfer state is less than the balanced transfer state threshold, the current intensity of the transfer link is dynamically adjusted. When the balance is completed, the monitoring is stopped. The balance completion condition is that the balance difference BV is less than the balance difference threshold and the voltage potential g of any energy storage battery unit pair is ij Less than the voltage potential threshold.

7. The equalization algorithm applied to the energy storage battery management system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The calculation logic of the equilibrium transfer state is: Among them, Q ij (t) is the equilibrium transfer state between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, V i (t) and V j (t) is the voltage of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery cells at time t, T i (t) and T j (t) is the temperature of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery cells at time t, and is the current change rate of the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t, α is the temperature sensitivity coefficient, and ζ is the current change suppression coefficient; The dynamic adjustment logic of the current intensity of the transmission link is: I ij (t) = I ij (t-1)·(1-δ·(τ-Q ij (t))), where I ij (t) and I ij (t-1) is the current intensity of the transmission link between the i-th and j-th energy storage battery units at time t and time t-1 respectively, τ is the balanced transmission state threshold, and δ is the current adjustment coefficient.

8. An equalization device for energy storage battery management system, used to implement an equalization algorithm for energy storage battery management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Parameter capture module: captures the state parameters of the energy storage battery unit in the energy storage battery management system in real time and generates a unit state vector to describe the health status of the energy storage battery unit; Difference calculation module: The difference monitoring module analyzes the cell state vector of the energy storage battery cell, identifies the health state difference between the energy storage battery cells, and calculates the balance difference; Path construction module: According to the health status difference, balance difference and voltage of the energy storage battery cells, the energy transfer link is constructed through the balance path, and the efficient and lightly loaded path is selected for balancing; State monitoring module: monitors the state changes of energy storage battery units, calculates the balanced transfer state, and dynamically adjusts the energy transfer link according to the changes in the balanced transfer state to ensure the stability and efficiency of the balancing process.

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