Full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, which relates to the technical field of LoRa communication, and comprises a receiving link adopting an uplink frequency band and a transmitting link adopting a downlink frequency band, the transmitting link is provided with a full-band LBT / SCAN function; a dual-channel receiving design is used for improving the network capacity, a transmitting link and a receiving link adopt different frequency bands, the isolation is improved through a hardware isolation design, and the receiving sensitivity is not influenced during maximum power transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of LoRa communication technology, and in particular to a full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module. Background Art

[0002] The LoRa gateway is located at the core of the LoRa star network. It is an information bridge between the terminal and the server and a multi-channel transceiver. The LoRa gateway is sometimes also called a LoRa base station or a LoRa concentrator. Currently, many gateways using multiple LoRa modules support multi-band or multi-channel, which improves capacity and concurrent processing capabilities, but they are often large in size and have poor isolation during full-duplex communication. They rely entirely on space and channel spacing for isolation, resulting in greater interference, which will seriously affect communication quality and distance.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent CN112039551A, published on December 4, 2020, discloses a multi-channel broadband RF transceiver system, including a receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit, wherein the receiving circuit includes a first modulation module, a first digitally controlled attenuator, a second modulation module, and a zero intermediate frequency transceiver connected in sequence, and the transmitting circuit includes a third modulation module, a second digitally controlled attenuator, and a fourth modulation module connected in sequence. In this solution, the isolation between multi-channel lines is poor, which seriously affects the communication quality and distance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: the technical problem of poor isolation of existing multi-channel communication. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module is proposed, which improves the isolation of multi-channel communication and improves the communication quality.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, including a receiving link using an uplink frequency band and a transmitting link using a downlink frequency band; the transmitting link is provided with an LBT / SCAN function using the full frequency band.

[0006] A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, through frequency band division, defines 470-490MHz as the uplink frequency band, and 500-510MHz as the downlink frequency band. At the same time, there is a full-band 470-510MHz, which adopts the design of separating the transmitting and receiving links to reduce channel signal crosstalk, and at the same time completes good impedance matching to achieve the best output power.

[0007] Preferably, the transmission link includes a first gateway, a radio frequency interface of the first gateway is connected to a first switch, the first switch is respectively connected to a transmission matching network and a first reception matching network, and the transmission matching network and the first reception matching network are connected to a second switch. The transmission and reception of the first gateway are separated by the first switch, thereby realizing the LBT / SCAN function.

[0008] Preferably, the transmitting matching network and the first receiving matching network are both provided with bandpass filters, the transmitting matching network uses a downlink frequency band, and the first receiving matching network uses a full frequency band. The bandpass filter can increase the isolation while achieving the power requirement of the mouth corner.

[0009] Preferably, the second switch is connected to a network matching module, and the network matching module is connected to the first antenna module. The transmission link uses one antenna to transmit and receive signals.

[0010] Preferably, the receiving link includes a second gateway and a third gateway. Setting two gateways improves network capacity.

[0011] Preferably, the receiving link is provided with a bandpass filter circuit, and the bandpass filter circuit is connected to a low noise amplifier. Adding a low noise amplifier after bandpass filtering can effectively improve sensitivity.

[0012] Preferably, the receiving link is provided with a limiting circuit, and the limiting circuit is connected to the second gateway and the third gateway. The limiting circuit is provided to prevent the input signal from being too large and causing damage to the chip in the module.

[0013] Preferably, the receiving link is provided with a second receiving matching network, the second receiving matching network is connected to the second antenna module, and the second receiving matching network adopts the uplink frequency band to transmit and receive signals through one antenna.

[0014] Preferably, the receiving link and the transmitting link receive external control instructions through SPI and GPIO ports. The module is configured by SPI and the internal switch is controlled by the GPIO port to switch between the transmitting, receiving and LBT / SCAN working states, thereby realizing the LoRa gateway module to work in different modes.

[0015] Preferably, the uplink frequency band is 470-490 MHz, the downlink frequency band is 500-510 MHz, and the full frequency band is 470-510 MHz. The uplink frequency band and the downlink frequency band are independent of each other.

[0016] The substantial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention realizes dual-channel reception and improves network capacity by setting two receiving gateways; the transmitting link and the receiving link adopt different frequency bands to improve isolation, and have no effect on receiving sensitivity when transmitting at maximum power; the LBT and SCAN functions are set to effectively avoid environmental noise interference; the communication interface occupies less resources and improves ease of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a circuit principle block diagram of Example 1.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a transmission and LBT / SCAN link diagram of Example 1.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a receiving link diagram of Example 2.

[0020] Among them: 1. Transmitting and LBT / SCAN link, 2. Receiving link, 3. First gateway, 4. First receiving matching network, 5. Transmitting matching network, 6. First antenna module, 7. Second gateway, 8. Third gateway, 9. Second receiving matching network, 10. Second antenna module, 11. Power supply circuit, 12. Interface, 13. First switch, 14. Second switch, 15. Network matching module, 16. Limiting circuit, 17. Low noise amplifier, 18. Bandpass filter circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below through specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Embodiment 1: A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, such as Figure 1 As shown, a LoRa gateway module is constructed based on the QB20 module. The size of the LoRa gateway module is 39.2×28.7×3.6mm, and the size of the QB20 module used inside the gateway module is 8*8*1.1mm. It is small in size and helps to reduce the overall circuit footprint. By setting three QB20 gateways, two for receiving and one for generating, the transmitting link and the receiving link 2 are separated, and then the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band are isolated through circuit design, and the corresponding matching circuit, LNA circuit and filter circuit are designed respectively to increase the isolation. The overall circuit mainly includes a power supply circuit 11, a QB20 circuit, a 470-490MHz receiving circuit, a 500-510MHz transmitting circuit, a filtering circuit, an LNA circuit, a wave limiting circuit, and an antenna interface circuit. The overall circuit is mainly divided into a transmitting and LBT / SCAN link 1 and a receiving link 2.

[0023] The full frequency band of signal reception and transmission of the circuit of this embodiment is 470-510MHz. Through artificial adjustment and division, 470-490MHz is defined as the uplink frequency band, and 500-510MHz is defined as the downlink frequency band. The receiving link 2 uses the uplink frequency band to receive signals, and the transmitting link uses the downlink frequency band to receive and send signals, thereby realizing signal isolation between the receiving link 2 and the transmitting link, reducing the signal crosstalk of the channel, and having good impedance matching, thereby improving the overall communication quality. The transmitting link is also provided with an LBT / SCAN function. Before transmitting the signal, the environmental noise is first checked through the LBT / SCAN function to reduce the interference of environmental noise on the transmission signal and improve the quality of the final transmitted signal.

[0024] The transmitting link is provided with a first gateway 3, and the receiving link 2 is provided with a parallel second gateway 7 and a third gateway 8, and the first gateway 3, the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 are all QB20 gateway modules of the same model. The first gateway 3, the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 are respectively connected to the power supply circuit 11, so that the power supply circuit 11 can supply power to each branch separately. The power supply circuit 11 is connected to the external power supply through an interface. At the same time, the overall module circuit is connected to the interface 12 through the SPI, and the transmission of the received signal is realized through the interface 12. The transmission inside the overall module and the switching of the working states such as LBT / SCAN are controlled by one SPI. The receiving link 2 and the transmitting link use separate antennas to send and receive signals to avoid crosstalk between the transmitting signal and the receiving signal. The receiving link 2 is provided with two parallel gateways, and the network capacity can be more than doubled compared with the single channel in the dual-channel full-duplex mode.

[0025] The module communicates with three QB20 modules through external SPI, and controls the communication status such as transmission and reception by selecting different modules through GPIO chip; the internal switch is controlled by SPI configuration and GPIO port to switch the working status of module A to transmission and LBT / SCAN, so as to realize the LoRa gateway module working in different modes.

[0026] like Figure 2As shown, the transmission link is provided with a first gateway 3, and the first gateway 3 encapsulates the transmission link and the receiving link 2. RF-A is the radio frequency interface of the first gateway 3, and the first switch 13 is connected to RF-A, and the transmission link and the receiving link 2 of the first gateway 3 are separated by the switch. TX and RX of the first switch 13 are connected to the transmission matching network 5 and the first receiving matching network 4 respectively, wherein the frequency band applicable to the transmission matching network 5 is the downlink frequency band, and the frequency band applicable to the first receiving matching network 4 is the full frequency band. Both TX and RX links use bandpass filters to reduce the impact outside the channel, and have no effect on RX sensitivity at maximum power TX. The other ends of the transmission matching network 5 and the first receiving matching network 4 are connected to RF1 and RF2 of the second switch 14 respectively, and RF0 of the second switch 14 is connected to the network matching module 15, and the network matching module 15 is connected to the first antenna module 6. The transmission signal is sent from the first gateway 3, passes through the transmission matching network 5 and the second switch 14, and then sends the signal from the first antenna module 6 to the outside through the network matching module 15. The first receiving matching network 4 is used for the LBT / SCAN function. The SCAN function will periodically scan the environmental noise of the entire frequency band and report the scanning results to the remote end, which is used as the basis for the chip to decide whether to transmit or receive the gateway. The SCAN function can be interrupted at any time. The LBT function is to listen before sending. Before the gateway needs to transmit, the LBT function needs to be started to scan the full-band channels to detect whether the channels are in use and will generate environmental noise. If environmental noise is detected, other times can be selected for transmission to avoid noise and improve the quality of the transmission signal. Before sending data, a small request transmission message RTS (Request To Send) is sent to the target device, and the data is transmitted only after the target device responds to the CTS (Clear To Send) message. The RTS-CTS handshake procedure is used to ensure that the subsequent data transmission will not be collided. Before sending data, first check whether the channel is in use. If the channel is detected to be busy, wait for a random period of time before sending data. If the receiving end receives this frame data correctly, it will send a confirmation frame ACK to the sending end after a period of time. The sender receives the ACK frame and confirms that the data is transmitted correctly. After a period of time, there will be an idle time (called the contention window), indicating that various devices will compete for the channel.

[0027] When the LBT / SCAN function is executed, the collected signal is transmitted from the first antenna module 6, through the network matching module 15, the second switch 14, and then transmitted from the first receiving matching network 4 module and the first switch 13 to the first gateway 3, and the first gateway 3 analyzes the signal. In order to increase the isolation and achieve the best power requirements, a bandpass filter is added to the transmitting matching network 5. After the matching and bandpass filter, the transmitting signal is combined into one path through the second switch 14 and LBT / SCAN, and finally output to the first antenna module 6 through the network matching module 15; the LBT returns to the module from the first antenna module 6 through two switches and matching circuits.

[0028] Bandpass and low-pass filtering circuits are used in the transmission link to reduce harmonic power while minimizing the insertion loss of the transmission link. The maximum transmission power in the frequency band is over 18dBm, and the out-of-band suppression can reach over 40dB.

[0029] The module is packaged with a metal shielding cover design to effectively reduce the leakage of interference signals and the interference of external interference signals on the internal circuit of the module. The module leads to the power supply, RF antenna interface, SPI communication interface and various functional IOs. The functional interfaces include BUSY_A, BUSY_B, BUSY_C, RST_A, RST_B, RST_C, DIO1_A, DIO1_B, DIO1_C, NSS_A, NSS_B, NSS_C, PWR_EN, CTRL, SW_CTRL. The SPI communication interface includes MISO, MOSI, SCK. The power supply includes VCC, GND, VOUT-3V3, VCC_TCXO (reserved). The RF antenna interface includes two 1st generation IPEX sockets.

[0030] This embodiment realizes dual-channel reception and improves network capacity by setting two receiving gateways. The transmitting link and receiving link 2 use different frequency bands to improve isolation, and have no effect on receiving sensitivity when transmitting at maximum power. The LBT and SCAN functions are set to effectively avoid environmental noise interference; the communication interface occupies less resources and improves ease of use. The entire module uses 1 SPI to control the internal dual-channel 1 transmission, 2 reception, and 1 LBT / SCAN, and the communication interface occupies less resources.

[0031] Embodiment 2: The LoRa gateway module is built based on the QB20 module. The size of the LoRa gateway module is 39.2×28.7×3.6mm. The size of the QB20 module used inside the gateway module is 8*8*1.1mm. The small size is conducive to reducing the overall circuit footprint. By setting up three QB20 gateways, two for receiving and one for transmitting, the transmitting link and the receiving link 2 are separated, and then the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band are isolated through circuit design, and the corresponding matching circuit, LNA circuit and filter circuit are designed respectively to increase the isolation. The overall circuit mainly includes power supply circuit 11, QB20 circuit, 470-490MHz receiving circuit, 500-510MHz transmitting circuit, filter circuit, LNA circuit, wave limiting circuit, and antenna interface circuit. The overall circuit is mainly divided into transmitting and LBT / SCAN link 1 and receiving link 2.

[0032] The full frequency band of signal reception and transmission of the circuit of this embodiment is 470-510MHz. Through artificial adjustment and division, 470-490MHz is defined as the uplink frequency band, and 500-510MHz is defined as the downlink frequency band. The receiving link 2 uses the uplink frequency band to receive signals, and the transmitting link uses the downlink frequency band to receive and send signals, thereby realizing signal isolation between the receiving link 2 and the transmitting link, reducing the signal crosstalk of the channel, and having good impedance matching, thereby improving the overall communication quality. The transmitting link is also provided with an LBT / SCAN function. Before transmitting the signal, the environmental noise is first checked through the LBT / SCAN function to reduce the interference of environmental noise on the transmission signal and improve the quality of the final transmitted signal.

[0033] The transmitting link is provided with a first gateway 3, and the receiving link 2 is provided with a parallel second gateway 7 and a third gateway 8, and the first gateway 3, the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 are all QB20 gateway modules of the same model. The first gateway 3, the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 are respectively connected to the power supply circuit 11, so that the power supply circuit 11 can supply power to each branch separately. The power supply circuit 11 is connected to the external power supply through the interface 12. At the same time, the overall module circuit is connected to the interface 12 through SPI, and the transmission of the received signal is realized through the interface 12. The transmission inside the overall module and the switching of the working states such as LBT / SCAN are controlled by one SPI. The receiving link 2 and the transmitting link use separate antennas to send and receive signals to avoid crosstalk between the transmitting signal and the receiving signal. The receiving link 2 is provided with two parallel gateways, and the network capacity can be more than doubled compared with the single channel in the dual-channel full-duplex mode.

[0034] The module communicates with three QB20 modules through external SPI, and controls the communication status such as transmission and reception by selecting different modules through GPIO chip; the internal switch is controlled by SPI configuration and GPIO port to switch the working status of module A to transmission and LBT / SCAN, so as to realize the LoRa gateway module working in different modes.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the transmission link is provided with a first gateway 3, and the first gateway 3 encapsulates the transmission link and the receiving link 2. RF-A is the radio frequency interface of the first gateway 3, and the first switch 13 is connected to RF-A, and the transmission link and the receiving link 2 of the first gateway 3 are separated by the switch. TX and RX of the first switch 13 are connected to the transmission matching network 5 and the first receiving matching network 4 respectively, wherein the frequency band applicable to the transmission matching network 5 is the downlink frequency band, and the frequency band applicable to the first receiving matching network 4 is the full frequency band. Both TX and RX links use bandpass filters to reduce the impact outside the channel, and have no effect on RX sensitivity at maximum power TX. The other ends of the transmission matching network 5 and the first receiving matching network 4 are connected to RF1 and RF2 of the second switch 14 respectively, and RF0 of the second switch 14 is connected to the network matching module 15, and the network matching module 15 is connected to the first antenna module 6. The transmission signal is sent from the first gateway 3, passes through the transmission matching network 5 and the second switch 14, and then sends the signal from the first antenna module 6 to the outside through the network matching module 15. The first receiving matching network 4 is used for the LBT / SCAN function. The SCAN function will periodically scan the environmental noise of the entire frequency band and report the scanning results to the remote end, which is used as the basis for the chip to decide whether to transmit or receive the gateway. The SCAN function can be interrupted at any time. The LBT function is to listen before sending. Before the gateway needs to transmit, the LBT function needs to be started to scan the full-band channels to detect whether the channels are in use and will generate environmental noise. If environmental noise is detected, other times can be selected for transmission to avoid noise and improve the quality of the transmission signal. Before sending data, a small request transmission message RTS (Request To Send) is sent to the target device, and the data is transmitted only after the target device responds to the CTS (Clear To Send) message. The RTS-CTS handshake procedure is used to ensure that the subsequent data transmission will not be collided. Before sending data, first check whether the channel is in use. If the channel is detected to be busy, wait for a random period of time before sending data. If the receiving end receives this frame data correctly, it will send a confirmation frame ACK to the sending end after a period of time. The sender receives the ACK frame and confirms that the data is transmitted correctly. After a period of time, there will be an idle time (called the contention window), indicating that various devices will compete for the channel.

[0036] When the LBT / SCAN function is executed, the collected signal is transmitted from the first antenna module 6, through the network matching module 15, the second switch 14, and then transmitted from the first receiving matching network 4 module and the first switch 13 to the first gateway 3, and the first gateway 3 analyzes the signal. In order to increase the isolation and achieve the best power requirements, a bandpass filter is added to the transmitting matching network 5. After the matching and bandpass filter, the transmitting signal is combined into one path through the second switch 14 and LBT / SCAN, and finally output to the first antenna module 6 through the network matching module 15; the LBT returns to the module from the first antenna module 6 through two switches and matching circuits.

[0037] Bandpass and low-pass filtering circuits are used in the transmission link to reduce harmonic power while minimizing the insertion loss of the transmission link. The maximum transmission power in the frequency band is over 18dBm, and the out-of-band suppression can reach over 40dB.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown, the receiving link 2 is provided with a second gateway 7 and a third gateway 8 in parallel, and the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 are both connected to the limiting circuit 16. The two uplink modules share the receiving antenna, bandpass filter, low noise amplifier 17, and limiting circuit 16 in hardware. The receiving frequency band can be configured as two receiving frequencies through SPI to achieve dual-channel reception, which greatly improves the network capacity. The second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 are both suitable for the uplink frequency band. By setting the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8, the network capacity of the receiving link 2 can be effectively improved, the efficiency of the received signal can be improved, and the possibility of the received signal being interfered by noise can be reduced. By setting the limiting circuit 16, the signal entering the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 is limited to avoid excessive input signals from damaging the RF chips in the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8. The other end of the limiting circuit 16 is connected to the low noise amplifier 17. The low noise amplifier 17 can reduce the link noise coefficient, amplify the required signal on the basis of bandpass filtering, and improve the sensitivity by 2-3dBm. The other end of the low noise amplifier 17 is connected to the bandpass filter circuit 18, which can effectively remove noise from the received signal. The filter can suppress out-of-band signals by more than 45 dB. The receiving link 2 uses the bandpass filter circuit 18 to filter out noise outside the range of 470-490 MHz, thereby reducing out-of-band interference. The receiving link 2 uses bandpass filtering and then adds a low noise amplifier 17 to effectively improve the sensitivity. The sensitivity of the QB20 gateway module itself is -123 to -125 dBm, and the receiving sensitivity of this module can reach -125 to -127 dBm. The other end of the bandpass filter circuit 18 is connected to the second receiving matching network 9, and the other end of the second receiving matching network 9 is connected to the second antenna module 10. The second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 use the same second antenna module 10 for signal acquisition. When the receiving link 2 is working, the input signal is input from the second antenna module 10, passes through the second receiving matching network 9, is filtered and amplified by the bandpass filter circuit 18 and the low noise amplifier 17, and flows into the second gateway 7 and the third gateway 8 respectively by the self-limiting circuit 16 to realize signal reception.

[0039] The module is packaged with a metal shielding cover design to effectively reduce the leakage of interference signals and the interference of external interference signals on the internal circuit of the module. The module leads to the power supply, RF antenna interface, SPI communication interface and various functional IOs. The functional interfaces include BUSY_A, BUSY_B, BUSY_C, RST_A, RST_B, RST_C, DIO1_A, DIO1_B, DIO1_C, NSS_A, NSS_B, NSS_C, PWR_EN, CTRL, SW_CTRL. The SPI communication interface includes MISO, MOSI, SCK. The power supply includes VCC, GND, VOUT-3V3, VCC_TCXO (reserved). The RF antenna interface includes two 1st generation IPEX sockets.

[0040] This embodiment realizes dual-channel reception and improves network capacity by setting up two receiving gateways. The transmitting link and receiving link 2 use different frequency bands to improve isolation, and have no effect on receiving sensitivity when transmitting at maximum power. The LBT and SCAN functions are set to effectively avoid environmental noise interference; the communication interface occupies less resources and improves ease of use. The entire module uses 1 SPI to control 1 transmission, 2 receptions, and 1 LBT / SCAN of the internal dual channels, and the communication interface occupies less resources. Compared with the existing LoRa full-duplex gateway with the same power, the module used in this embodiment has a better communication distance and better basic RF performance. In this embodiment, the receiving link 2 uses a bandpass filter and then adds a low-noise amplifier 17 to effectively improve the sensitivity.

[0041] Embodiment three: A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, which uses a customized micro LoRa chip (assuming the model is "LCX-20"), with a size of only 35x25x3mm, further reducing the overall circuit footprint and promoting the miniaturization and integration of the device. Through the innovative three-way parallel design, the module realizes the complete independent operation of the transmission and reception links, significantly reduces signal interference, and enhances communication stability.

[0042] In fact, the implementation details are that the frequency bands are divided and isolated first. This module defines 460-480MHz as the uplink receiving frequency band, and 505-525MHz as the downlink transmitting frequency band. Such frequency band division helps to reduce mutual interference between frequency bands. Precision filters and isolation circuits are used inside the module to ensure physical and electrical isolation between the transmitting and receiving links, thereby achieving the best isolation effect.

[0043] The module integrates three LCX-20 chips, one for the transmit link (one chip) and one for the receive link (two chips). Each chip is connected to an independent power management module to provide stable voltage and current to ensure maximum performance of each link. The transmit link uses advanced power amplifiers and bandpass filters to ensure clear signal transmission in the downlink frequency band. At the same time, the integrated LBT / SCAN mechanism automatically scans the channel before transmission and selects the best time to communicate, effectively avoiding channel conflicts. The receive link is equipped with a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a sophisticated filtering circuit to maximize receiving sensitivity and reduce background noise. The dual receive link design supports parallel processing, significantly improving data throughput and network capacity.

[0044] At the same time, the module has intelligent control and management functions. The module supports communication with external controllers through SPI and GPIO interfaces, allowing users to remotely configure and monitor various parameters of the module. The internally integrated intelligent algorithm can automatically adjust the communication parameters to adapt to different network environments and ensure that the communication quality is always maintained in the best state. The module also has fault self-detection and alarm functions. Once an abnormal condition is found, it will immediately send an alarm signal to the external controller through the preset communication interface to facilitate timely maintenance and repair.

[0045] For antenna and signal optimization, the module uses a customized high-performance antenna, which is optimized for the transmit and receive frequency bands to ensure the best signal coverage and transmission efficiency. The antenna interface circuit supports intelligent switching technology, which can automatically select the best antenna configuration according to the current communication needs to further improve communication performance. The module is also equipped with a signal strength monitoring function, which can display the strength and quality of the received signal in real time, providing users with intuitive communication status feedback.

[0046] The full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module of this embodiment with optimized isolation and efficient communication realizes efficient isolation and stable communication of the transmission and reception links through innovative circuit design, frequency band division and intelligent control technology. The module not only has the advantages of compact size, low power consumption and high performance, but also has flexible remote configuration and monitoring capabilities, providing a more reliable and efficient solution for the field of IoT communications.

[0047] Embodiment 4: A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, based on the third embodiment, a comprehensive enhancement design is carried out on the full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module to further improve its communication performance and reliability. For the optimization of the transmission link, in order to further improve the communication efficiency and stability, we carefully designed a configuration scheme of three QB20 modules, two of which focus on signal reception, covering the interval of 465MHz to 485MHz slightly smaller than the given uplink frequency band, and the other module is responsible for signal transmission, working in the interval of 495MHz to 505MHz slightly smaller than the given downlink frequency band.

[0048] Fine-tuning the frequency band and optimizing the circuit ensures that the receiving link can more accurately capture low-frequency signals from the outside, while the transmitting link can efficiently transmit data in a frequency band with lower interference. To achieve this goal, the circuit is deeply optimized, including fine-tuning of the matching circuit, LNA (low-noise amplifier) ​​circuit, and filter circuit to ensure effective isolation of the transmitting and receiving links in the spectrum, thereby significantly reducing signal crosstalk and improving communication quality.

[0049] In terms of module collaboration, the powerful functions of the three QB20 modules are fully utilized, and efficient data reception and transmission are achieved through parallel processing and intelligent scheduling. The two modules in the receiving link operate in dual-channel full-duplex mode, which not only improves network capacity, but also enhances the flexibility and scalability of the system. The module in the transmitting link is responsible for sending the processed data to the specified frequency band in the form of high-quality signals. In addition, we have also integrated LBT (listen before send) and SCAN (scan) functions, which automatically select the best transmission time through intelligent detection of environmental noise to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0050] In terms of power management, we use an efficient and stable power circuit, which is connected to the external power supply through an interface to provide continuous and sufficient power support for all modules. At the same time, in order to simplify the control process and improve the response speed of the system, we selected SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) as the main communication interface. Through one SPI, we can achieve centralized control of all functions within the entire module. In addition, we also make full use of the GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins, and control the working state switching of different modules through programming, so as to achieve precise management of functions such as transmission, reception, and LBT / SCAN.

[0051] In terms of the transmission link, intelligent power regulation technology is introduced, which can monitor the channel load and signal quality in real time and dynamically adjust the transmission power, thereby effectively reducing energy consumption and extending the service life of the equipment while ensuring the communication distance. This strategy not only improves the energy efficiency ratio, but also reduces the electromagnetic radiation to the surrounding environment and enhances environmental protection performance.

[0052] Embodiment five: A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, based on the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, innovatively deploys a second gateway and a third gateway in the receiving link, and the two work in parallel, sharing an efficient receiving antenna system, a bandpass filter path, and a low-noise amplifier. This design allows flexible configuration of the receiving frequency through SPI, achieving dual-channel parallel reception, thereby significantly improving network capacity. Both gateways are optimized for the uplink frequency band, which not only improves the receiving efficiency, but also effectively reduces the risk of noise interference by dispersing the receiving path.

[0053] As a key component, the limiting circuit is carefully set at the front end of the receiving link to ensure that the signal strength entering the gateway is within a safe range and effectively protect the control chip from damage. Subsequently, the low-noise amplifier further reduces the link noise on the basis of bandpass filtering, achieving a significant improvement in sensitivity, making the overall receiving performance reach the industry-leading level. The bandpass filter circuit accurately filters out the noise in the non-target frequency band, ensuring the purity and stability of the received signal. The filtered and amplified signal is finally efficiently captured and transmitted to the gateway by the second antenna module through the optimized receiving matching network to complete the signal reception and processing.

[0054] In terms of module packaging, advanced metal shielding technology is used to build a solid electromagnetic protection barrier, effectively isolating internal and external interference signals and ensuring the stable operation of the internal circuit. At the same time, the module provides rich interface resources, including power supply, RF antenna interface, SPI communication interface and multiple functional IOs, to meet diverse control needs. In particular, by optimizing the communication interface design, we have achieved the control of the complex internal dual-channel reception and LBT / SCAN functions with only one SPI, which greatly simplifies system design and deployment.

[0055] Compared with the LoRa full-duplex gateways of the same power level on the market, this module has significant advantages in communication distance, RF performance and receiving sensitivity. Its innovative dual-channel receiving design, efficient noise suppression capability and rich interface resources provide strong technical support for the wide application of the Internet of Things and smart cities.

[0056] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module, characterized in that: It includes a receiving link using an uplink frequency band and a transmitting link using a downlink frequency band; the transmitting link is provided with an LBT / SCAN function using the full frequency band.

2. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission link includes a first gateway, a radio frequency interface of the first gateway is connected to a first switch, the first switch is respectively connected to a transmission matching network and a first reception matching network, and the transmission matching network and the first reception matching network are connected to a second switch.

3. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmitting matching network and the first receiving matching network are both provided with bandpass filters. The transmitting matching network adopts a downlink frequency band, and the first receiving matching network adopts a full frequency band.

4. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The second switch is connected to a network matching module, and the network matching module is connected to the first antenna module.

5. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving link includes a second gateway and a third gateway.

6. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The receiving link is provided with a bandpass filter circuit, and the bandpass filter circuit is connected to a low noise amplifier.

7. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The receiving link is provided with a limiting circuit, and the limiting circuit is connected to the second gateway and the third gateway.

8. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The receiving link is provided with a second receiving matching network, the second receiving matching network is connected to the second antenna module, and the second receiving matching network adopts the uplink frequency band.

9. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving link and the transmitting link receive external control instructions through the SPI and GPIO ports.

10. A full-duplex dual-channel LoRa gateway module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The uplink frequency band is 470-490 MHz, the downlink frequency band is 500-510 MHz, and the full frequency band is 470-510 MHz.

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