Saline-alkali soil crop planting improvement method and planting system

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil crop planting improvement method and planting system.The improvement method comprises the following steps that an underground partition layer is dug in the deep layer of saline-alkali soil to divide the saline-alkali soil into an upper soil layer and a lower soil layer; a logistics transportation system penetrating through the surface of the upper soil layer is installed in the underground partition layer; a ground planting area and an underground planting area are respectively arranged on the surfaces of the upper soil layer and the lower soil layer. According to the saline-alkali soil planting improvement method and the planting system, the planting environment of crops can be effectively improved by improving the saline-alkali soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land management, and in particular to a saline-alkali land crop planting improvement method and a planting system. Background Art

[0002] As a country with a large population, my country is facing increasing pressure on land resources and the environment as its population grows, its economy develops, and its urbanization level increases. my country has a total arable land area of ​​2 billion mu, but saline-alkali land accounts for 1.5 billion mu, which is an important strategic reserve arable land resource in my country. It has a large land area and great utilization value. The management and effective utilization of saline-alkali land is of great strategic significance to supplement my country's arable land area, ensure national food security and the supply of agricultural and sideline products, and build an ecological civilization.

[0003] Saline-alkali land is caused by the salt in the bottom soil or groundwater rising to the surface with capillary water, and the salt accumulating in the surface soil after the water evaporates. Saline-alkali land will seriously affect the growth of plants, causing plants to lose a good growth environment and nutritional conditions, and reducing crop yields. my country's saline-alkali land is mainly concentrated in the arid areas of central and western China. Patent CN103814647 provides a method for improving saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas. Although it improves the salinization degree of the soil surface to a certain extent, the effect is limited; Patent CN112085409A provides a method for controlling groundwater levels to synergistically alleviate soil desertification and secondary saline-alkali land in arid areas, but the method is highly theoretical and does not provide specific implementation measures.

[0004] In-depth research on the causes of soil salinization in arid areas found that arid areas have sufficient sunshine and large temperature differences between day and night, but at the same time, due to low rainfall and high evaporation, the salt dissolved in the water will move to the soil surface with capillary water, resulting in severe salinization on the soil surface, while the deep soil layer is relatively light. Therefore, the management of saline-alkali land in arid areas should comprehensively consider the balanced management of the soil surface and deep soil layers. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and a planting system for improving the planting of crops in saline-alkali land, which can effectively improve the planting environment of crops by improving the saline-alkali land in arid areas.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, one of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention is: a method for improving the planting of crops in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: Digging an underground partition layer deep in the saline-alkali soil to separate the saline-alkali soil into an independent upper soil layer and a lower soil layer; Installing a logistics transportation system in the underground isolation layer and penetrating to the surface of the upper soil layer; A ground planting area and an underground planting area are respectively arranged on the surfaces of the upper soil layer and the lower soil layer.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the method for improving crop planting in saline-alkali land of the present invention are: By setting up a barrier layer, the salt transport channel of groundwater (located below the saline-alkali soil) can be effectively blocked, avoiding the continued salinization of the saline-alkali land surface in arid areas due to groundwater salt infiltration, thereby improving the planting environment on the saline-alkali land surface; and through the coordination of underground planting areas and logistics transportation systems, the space of the underground barrier layer can be reasonably utilized, and the characteristics of the deep saline-alkali land with a light degree of salinization and not being affected by sunlight can be fully utilized, so that the underground planting area and the ground planting area can form a three-dimensional cultivation together to achieve a doubling of the unit planting area of ​​the saline-alkali land.

[0008] Furthermore, a salt drainage pipeline is arranged near the partition layer in the upper soil layer. Because the upper soil layer is affected by sunlight, the rainfall is small and the evaporation is large, therefore, the salt in the upper soil layer can be discharged in time through the arrangement of the salt drainage pipeline to reduce the degree of soil salinization.

[0009] Furthermore, the salt discharge pipeline can be made of PVC pipes with small holes all over the pipe body, and the pipes can be laid out in a crisscross pattern. At the pipe joints, cross-shaped cross-shaped pipes, tees, straight-shaped pipes and other components can be used for connection according to actual conditions. This arrangement allows the salt in the soil to enter the salt discharge pipeline along the small holes, and the crisscross pattern can shorten the migration distance of the salt in the soil.

[0010] Furthermore, the underground partition layer is formed by open excavation or concealed excavation.

[0011] Specifically, the open-cut method includes excavating a foundation pit from the surface of the saline-alkali soil, constructing a lining to form an underground barrier layer, and backfilling the soil to form an upper soil layer; wherein, during the soil backfilling process, a salt drainage pipeline is laid. It should be noted that the soil backfilling can be directly backfilled with the original soil, or the original soil can be improved before backfilling.

[0012] Furthermore, before backfilling the soil, clay is added to the backfilled soil, and the proportion of clay added is about 15-30%. Since the backfilled soil will be directly exposed to the sun, the large temperature difference will cause the rapid evaporation of soil moisture. Therefore, the addition of clay can slow down the evaporation rate of water in the soil and reduce the speed of soil salinization, so as to achieve the effect of improving soil texture.

[0013] Furthermore, the dark excavation method may adopt a shield method or a mining method.

[0014] The shield method is to push the shield machine into the stratum, support the surrounding soil through the shield shell and pipe segments to prevent soil collapse, and at the same time, use the cutting device to open holes in the soil, and use the excavation machinery to transport the soil out of the cave. The mining method is a construction method that uses wood or steel components as temporary supports. After the excavation is formed, the temporary supports are gradually replaced and replaced with integral thick linings as permanent supports.

[0015] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a saline-alkali land crop planting system, comprising: Ground planting areas are set on the surface of saline-alkali soil; An underground planting area is arranged in the deep soil layer of the saline-alkali land and is located below the above-ground planting area; A logistics transportation system connects the ground planting area with the underground planting area.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the saline-alkali land crop planting system of the present invention are: The setting of the logistics and transportation system makes it possible to plant crops in the underground planting area. The setting of the ground planting area and the underground planting area enables three-dimensional cultivation in the saline-alkali land, which is beneficial to the doubling of the planting area per unit area of ​​the saline-alkali land. At the same time, the setting of the underground planting area can isolate the saline-alkali soil below and above it, thereby avoiding the upward migration of groundwater salt. Moreover, since the underground planting area is set in the deep layer of the saline-alkali soil, it is close to the groundwater level, which is beneficial to its planting and water intake. Moreover, since the underground planting area is far away from the surface of the saline-alkali soil, the evaporation caused by sunlight is less. Therefore, the underground planting area has better water-saving performance.

[0017] In arid areas, ground planting areas can make full use of the characteristics of sufficient sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night to grow grains, fruits, etc. that require long days, while the temperature and humidity in underground planting areas are relatively low, and leafy vegetables can be grown through appropriate artificial light sources.

[0018] Furthermore, the ground planting area is planted using natural sunlight or a solar greenhouse, and the underground planting area is planted using artificial light.

[0019] Furthermore, the ground planting area is planted in a light-selective agricultural film greenhouse.

[0020] The photosensitive agricultural film greenhouse uses agricultural film that selectively transmits sunlight. On the premise of ensuring high visible light transmittance in the greenhouse, it effectively blocks ultraviolet and infrared light that do not participate in the photosynthesis of crops, achieving zero-energy passive temperature control in the greenhouse (warm in winter and cool in summer). This agricultural film can extend the harvesting period of crops and expand the planting types and seasonal restrictions.

[0021] Furthermore, the underground planting area adopts soilless cultivation with a drip irrigation system. Since the temperature and humidity in the underground planting area are relatively constant and controllable, artificial light sources can be used for soil cultivation or soilless cultivation. In soilless cultivation, a drip irrigation system is used to provide water and fertilizer to crops to achieve precise water and fertilizer supply to plants, reduce water evaporation and infiltration losses, and achieve energy saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a saline-alkali land crop planting system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil structure of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the soil structure of Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a planting system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a photo of watermelons grown in a common agricultural film greenhouse in Example 4 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a photo of watermelon grown in a photosensitive agricultural film greenhouse in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1- underground partition layer; 2- upper soil layer; 21- salt drainage pipeline; 3- lower soil layer; 4- logistics and transportation system; 5- ground planting area; 6- underground planting area; 7- groundwater; 81- cylinder; 82- transparent disc; 83- copper sulfate salt solution; 84- transparent plate; 91- carton; 92- water tank; 93- LED fill light; 94- water and fertilizer supply box; 95- drainage pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] In the arid or semi-arid areas of the central and western regions, due to low precipitation and high evaporation, the salt dissolved in the water easily accumulates on the soil surface to form saline-alkali land. The capillary water transport of groundwater in the soil causes the salt in the groundwater to seep upward into the surface, thus forming salt accumulation on the soil surface. Therefore, water shortage and surface salt accumulation due to groundwater infiltration are important characteristics of saline-alkali land in the arid or semi-arid regions of the central and western regions. Blocking the salt transport of groundwater and achieving water-saving and low-water crop cultivation are the key to the management and agricultural utilization of arid or semi-arid saline-alkali land in the central and western regions.

[0025] Based on this, see Appendix Figure 1As shown, after repeated research, the inventor innovatively proposed a method for improving crop planting in saline-alkali land, which includes the following steps: (1) digging an underground partition layer 1 deep in the saline-alkali soil to separate the saline-alkali soil into an independent upper soil layer 2 and a lower soil layer 3; (2) installing a logistics transportation system 4 in the underground partition layer 1 and penetrating to the surface of the upper soil layer 2; (3) A surface planting area 5 and an underground planting area 6 are respectively provided on the surface of the upper soil layer 2 and the lower soil layer 3. Firstly, by digging an underground barrier layer 1 deep in the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil can be separated into an upper soil layer 2 and a lower soil layer 3, and the lower soil layer 3 can be close to the water level of the groundwater 7; when the salt in the groundwater 7 migrates upward through the lower soil layer 3, due to the barrier effect of the underground barrier layer 1, the salt is difficult to migrate to the upper soil layer 2, thereby effectively inhibiting the continued salinization of the saline-alkali land surface caused by salt infiltration of the groundwater 7; then, the material flow between the saline-alkali land surface and the underground barrier layer 1 is realized through the setting of the logistics transportation system 4, so as to facilitate the use of the space of the underground barrier layer 1 to realize the layout of the underground planting area 6, and the underground planting area 6 and the ground planting area 5 can jointly form a three-dimensional cultivation, thereby doubling the unit planting area of ​​the saline-alkali land.

[0026] In some embodiments, the underground partition layer 1 is formed by an open excavation method or a dark excavation method. Among them, the open excavation method is to excavate a foundation pit from the surface of the saline-alkali soil, and form an underground partition layer 1 by building a lining, and then backfill the soil to form an upper soil layer 2. The dark excavation method can adopt the shield method or the mining method. The shield method is to advance the shield machine in the stratum, support the surrounding soil through the shield shell and pipe segments to prevent soil collapse, and at the same time, open holes in the soil through a cutting device, and transport the soil out of the cave through an excavation machine. The mining method is a construction method that uses wood or steel components as temporary supports. After the excavation is formed, the temporary supports are gradually removed and replaced with integral thick linings as permanent supports. In actual construction, a suitable construction method can be selected according to geological and geographical environmental conditions. The spatial size of the underground partition layer can also be adjusted according to production and demand.

[0027] According to actual planting needs, when the underground barrier layer 1 is formed by the open-cut method, the soil backfill can be directly backfilled with the original soil, or the original soil can be improved before backfilling. The soil improvement can adopt traditional saline-alkali land improvement technology, such as drainage and salt washing, water conservancy, agriculture, chemical and biological improvement measures, etc.

[0028] For example, before backfilling the soil, clay is added to the backfilled soil, and the clay addition ratio is about 15-30%. Since the soil will be directly exposed to the sun after backfilling, the large temperature difference will cause the rapid evaporation of soil moisture. Therefore, the addition of clay can slow down the evaporation rate of water in the soil and reduce the speed of soil salinization, so as to achieve the effect of improving soil texture.

[0029] In addition, in order to further suppress the salinization of the upper soil layer 2, in some embodiments, a salt discharge pipeline 21 is arranged near the underground barrier layer 1 in the upper soil layer 2. The salt in the upper soil layer 2 can be discharged in time through the arrangement of the salt discharge pipeline 21.

[0030] The salt discharge pipeline 21 can be made of a PVC pipe with a body covered with small holes, and it can be laid out in a criss-cross and uniform manner. At the joint of the pipeline, a cross-shaped four-way, a three-way, a straight-through and other components can be used for connection according to actual conditions. This arrangement allows the salt in the soil to enter the salt discharge pipeline 21 along the small holes, and the criss-cross arrangement can shorten the migration distance of the salt in the soil. It should be noted that when the open-cut method is used to excavate the underground barrier layer 1, the salt discharge pipeline 21 can be laid during the soil backfilling process.

[0031] In order to take full advantage of the regional characteristics of sufficient sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night, the ground planting area 5 can adopt natural sunlight planting or solar greenhouse to plant some grains, fruits and vegetables that require long daylight. In order to further achieve the effect of increasing production, the ground planting area 5 can adopt light-selective agricultural film greenhouse planting. The light-selective agricultural film greenhouse uses agricultural film with the function of selectively transmitting sunlight. On the premise of ensuring high transmittance of visible light in the greenhouse, it effectively blocks ultraviolet and infrared light that do not participate in the photosynthesis of crops, realizes zero-energy passive temperature control in the greenhouse (warm in winter and cool in summer), thereby extending the picking period of crops and expanding the planting types and seasonal restrictions.

[0032] For the underground planting area 6, since its temperature and humidity are relatively constant and controllable, some leafy vegetables can be planted using artificial light sources. The planting method can be soil cultivation or soilless cultivation, preferably soilless cultivation with a drip irrigation system. In soilless cultivation, a drip irrigation system is used to provide water and fertilizer to crops to achieve precise water and fertilizer supply to plants, reduce water evaporation and infiltration losses, and achieve energy saving. See attached Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides a saline-alkali land crop planting system, including a ground planting area 5, an underground planting area 6 and a logistics and transportation system 4, wherein the ground planting area 5 is arranged on the surface of the saline-alkali land soil; the underground planting area 6 is arranged in the deep layer of the saline-alkali land soil and is located below the ground planting area 5; the logistics and transportation system 4 connects the ground planting area 5 and the underground planting area 6.

[0033] The setting of the logistics and transportation system 4 makes it possible to plant crops in the underground planting area 6. The setting of the ground planting area 5 and the underground planting area 6 allows three-dimensional cultivation to be formed in the saline-alkali land, which is beneficial to the doubling of the planting area per unit area of ​​the saline-alkali land. At the same time, the setting of the underground planting area 6 can isolate the saline-alkali soil below and above it, thereby avoiding the upward migration of groundwater salt. Moreover, since the underground planting area is set in the deep layer of the saline-alkali soil, it is closer to the groundwater 7, which is beneficial to its planting and water intake. Moreover, since the underground planting area is far away from the surface of the saline-alkali soil, the evaporation caused by sunlight is less. Therefore, the water-saving performance of the underground planting area 7 is better.

[0034] Example 1 In order to simulate the saline-alkali soil environment in the central and western regions, this embodiment produced Figure 2 The soil structure shown in the figure is made by the following steps: (1) A hollow cylindrical body 81 is made of transparent material, and the diameter of the body 81 is 200 mm and the height is 500 mm; dry soil is filled in the body 81, and the upper and lower end surfaces of the body 81 are in an open state; (2) placing the cylinder 81 filled with soil in a transparent disc 82, the diameter of the transparent disc 82 is 500 mm; (3) Inject a 5.8% copper sulfate aqueous solution 83 into the transparent disk 82 to a depth of 150 mm, and keep the liquid level constant during the experiment; (4) The rise of the blue salt infiltration surface in the cylinder 81 was observed every two hours at a room temperature of 40°C.

[0035] The soil structure of this embodiment utilizes the similarity between the copper sulfate reagent and the saline-alkali composition of saline-alkali land and the blue visibility characteristics, which can intuitively show the phenomenon of groundwater in saline-alkali land infiltrating to the surface through soil capillary transport. According to the observation results, as time goes by, the blue salt infiltration surface will continue to rise. After 48 hours, the blue salt infiltration surface rises to 400 mm from the lower end surface of the cylinder.

[0036] Example 2 In order to simulate the saline-alkali soil environment improved by the present invention, this embodiment prepared Figure 3 The soil structure shown in the figure is made by the following steps: (1) A hollow cylindrical body 81 is made of transparent material, and the diameter of the body 81 is 200 mm and the height is 500 mm. A transparent plate 84 is placed in the middle of the body 81 to separate the body into an upper space and a lower space. The thickness of the transparent plate 84 is 50 mm, and the height of the lower space is 200 mm. (2) Fill the upper space and the lower space with dry soil respectively; (3) The cylinder 81 is placed in a transparent disk 82, the diameter of the transparent disk 82 is 500 mm; (4) Inject a 5.8% copper sulfate aqueous solution 83 into the transparent disk 82 to a depth of 150 mm, and keep the liquid level constant during the experiment; (5) Observe the rise of the blue salt seepage surface in the cylinder every two hours at room temperature of 40°C.

[0037] The soil structure of this embodiment can isolate the soil capillary action between the upper space and the lower space due to the setting of the transparent plate. According to the observation results, as time goes by, the blue salt seepage surface will continue to rise. After 24 hours, the blue salt seepage surface reaches the soil surface of the lower space; as time goes on, the blue salt seepage surface always remains on the soil surface of the lower space and does not penetrate into the soil of the upper space.

[0038] Example 3 In order to simulate the feasibility of underground planting areas, this embodiment makes Figure 4 The planting system is manufactured in the following steps: (1) Prepare a carton 91 and cover the inner wall of the carton 91 with a lining; (2) Multiple water tanks 92 are arranged in the carton 91, and LED fill lights 93 are installed on the top wall of the carton 91. (3) A water and fertilizer supply box 94 is provided outside the paper box 91 and connected to the water tank 92 through a drainage pipe 95; (4) Place the above-mentioned carton 91 indoors, away from light and maintain the temperature and humidity at 20-25°C / 50-90%; (5) Pour an appropriate amount of water into the water tank 92, and plant 50 leafy vegetables on the rack, each weighing about 50 g, with the roots of the leafy vegetables extended below the water level; (6) Enable the LED supplementary light 93 for continuous illumination, and set the light intensity at the height of the leafy vegetable plant to 150±10 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 At the same time, water and fertilizer are supplied every 24 hours through drainage pipe 95 to observe the growth of leafy vegetables.

[0039] The observation results of the above planting system are as follows: under continuous light, the weight of leafy vegetables increased steadily, and after 20 days, the weight of a single leafy vegetable reached 200g. It can be seen that in the underground planting area, with appropriate cultivation methods and proper water and fertilizer supply, it is suitable for the growth of leafy vegetables.

[0040] Example 4 For the above-ground planting area, in order to verify the effects of common agricultural films and light-selective agricultural films on greenhouse planting, this embodiment uses commercially available common agricultural films and light-selective agricultural films to build greenhouses, plant watermelons in the greenhouses and observe the growth of watermelons. The observation results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 5-6 shown.

[0041]

[0042] According to the above observation results, the planting conditions of greenhouses using light-selective agricultural films are significantly better than those using ordinary agricultural films. The reason is that light-selective agricultural films can effectively block ultraviolet and infrared light that do not participate in photosynthesis, and achieve high transmittance of visible light, so as to provide the most suitable light environment for watermelon growth. At the same time, light-selective agricultural films have good heat preservation and moisture retention properties, and can achieve zero-energy passive temperature control in greenhouses, providing a stable temperature and humidity environment for watermelon growth.

[0043] The above implementation modes are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving crop planting in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The steps include: Digging an underground partition layer deep in the saline-alkali soil to separate the saline-alkali soil into an independent upper soil layer and a lower soil layer; A logistics transportation system is installed in the isolation layer and penetrates to the surface of the upper soil layer; A ground planting area and an underground planting area are respectively arranged on the surfaces of the upper soil layer and the lower soil layer.

2. The method for improving crop cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: A salt discharge pipeline is arranged in the upper soil layer near the underground partition layer.

3. The method for improving crop cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground partition layer is formed by an open excavation method or a dark excavation method.

4. The method for improving crop cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 3, characterized in that: The open-cut method includes excavating a foundation pit from the surface of the saline-alkali soil, building a lining to form an underground barrier layer, and backfilling the soil to form an upper soil layer; wherein, during the soil backfilling process, a salt drainage pipeline is laid.

5. The method for improving crop cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before backfilling the soil, clay is mixed into the backfill soil, and the mixing ratio of clay is about 15~30%.

6. The method for improving crop cultivation in saline-alkali land according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dark excavation method can adopt shield method or mining method.

7. A saline-alkali land crop planting system, characterized in that: include Ground planting areas are set on the surface of saline-alkali soil; An underground planting area is arranged in the deep soil layer of the saline-alkali land and is located below the above-ground planting area; A logistics transportation system connects the ground planting area with the underground planting area.

8. The saline-alkali land crop planting system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ground planting area is planted using natural sunlight or a solar greenhouse, and the underground planting area is planted using artificial light.

9. The saline-alkali land crop planting system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ground planting area is planted in a light-selective agricultural film greenhouse.

10. The saline-alkali land crop planting system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The underground planting area adopts soilless cultivation with a drip irrigation system.

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