Lithium hydrogen super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit and controller

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium hydrogen super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit and a controller. The control circuit comprises a power supply circuit, a CAN communication circuit, a 485 communication circuit, an analog quantity detection circuit, a PWM output circuit, a D I detection / DO output circuit, an LCD / LED display circuit and a low side / solenoid valve control circuit. The controller is of a stacked structure and comprises a control board on the upper layer and a power board on the lower layer. The control board is connected with the power board through a connector such as a pin header and a female header, and the pin header and the female header are used for transmitting sampling analog signals on the power board to the control board and providing a path for control signals issued by the control board and a power supply at the same time. The controller power supply circuit is specially developed for the use scene of the hydrogen energy moped, and the optimally designed controller power supply circuit can be easily compatible with hydrogen / lithium or hydrogen / super-capacity hybrid power application. The volume of the fuel cell controller is minimized by adopting pure digital control; rich control functions are integrated, and the system stability is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell controllers, and in particular to a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit and controller. Background Art

[0002] Currently, scooters with power-assisted functions have become quite popular. The main forms include two-wheeled, three-wheeled, and four-wheeled scooters with drive motors. The main feature of power-assisted scooters is that they have two drive devices, one is an electric motor and the other is a human-powered drive device, such as the pedals of a bicycle. The motor can assist human power to drive the vehicle and save the rider's energy.

[0003] Hydrogen-powered bicycles are a new type of bicycle that uses hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity. The existing hydrogen-powered bicycles have an unreasonable structural layout, resulting in a high center of gravity, which makes it easy to lose balance when encountering scratches or collisions when driving or parking. The current hydrogen charging method requires the construction of a large number of hydrogen station infrastructures, and the operating cost is extremely high. The hydrogen-powered bicycle industry is still in its development stage, and there are not many products actually launched on the market. The current technical route is: ① The power system is equipped with a large-capacity lithium battery, which is mainly powered by lithium batteries during riding. ② The power system relies entirely on hydrogen energy, and is only equipped with a small-capacity lithium battery for system startup.

[0004] Technical route ① Lithium batteries are heavy, and the vehicle's endurance is heavily dependent on the capacity of lithium batteries. Technical route ② The peak power of riding dynamics cannot be guaranteed, and the riding experience is poor in special working conditions such as uphill.

[0005] In view of the situation described above, the present invention proposes a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit and controller, which are improvements on technical routes ① and ② respectively, and redesigns a fuel cell system controller with strong compatibility. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit and controller.

[0007] A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit, the control circuit comprising a power supply circuit, a CAN communication circuit, a 485 communication circuit, an analog detection circuit, a PWM output circuit, a DI detection / DO output circuit, an LCD / LED display circuit and a low-side / solenoid valve control circuit;

[0008] The power supply circuit is used to take power from the output end of the boost circuit to generate the control power required by the controller;

[0009] The CAN communication circuit and the 485 communication circuit are used to connect the vehicle hybrid system communication bus and communicate with the central control system and the motor control system;

[0010] The analog detection circuit is responsible for collecting the hydrogen pressure, stack temperature and stack voltage on the fuel cell side, and collecting the input voltage / current, output voltage / current and battery voltage / current on the boost circuit side;

[0011] The PWM output circuit is responsible for receiving the digital PWM signal sent by the MCU, and is used to drive the power tube of the boost circuit;

[0012] The DI detection / DO output circuit is used to receive the start signal of the central control system and upload its own fault signal;

[0013] The LCD / LED display circuit is used to display observation parameters during vehicle commissioning;

[0014] The low-side / solenoid valve control circuit is used to drive the fuel cell BOP such as the intake valve, exhaust valve and fan.

[0015] Furthermore, the power supply circuit draws power from the output side of the boost DC / DC, generates power supply 12V1 through the BUCK circuit, and then generates 12V2 through the dual power supply switching device. The auxiliary power supply of the dual power supply switching device is a battery with a typical voltage value of 7.4V; the power supply circuit includes node ① and node ② and is controlled by the central control system.

[0016] Furthermore, the 12V2 generates 5V and 3.3V power supplies through the BUCK chip and the LDO chip respectively, and the 12V2, 5V, and 3.3V are respectively supplied to the BOP and the IC for power consumption;

[0017] The PTC heating device also draws power through the DC / DC output and is switched on and off by GPIO2 through the control transistor Q3.

[0018] Furthermore, the EN circuit of the BUCK chip is composed of transistors Q1 and Q2 and resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, and there is a similar EN circuit in the dual power switching circuit.

[0019] Furthermore, when the power source of the hybrid system is hydrogen / lithium, no battery is required, the dual power switching circuit works in single power mode, the central control system operates node ①, Q1 is turned on, and the EN signal is transmitted to the BUCK chip through R4 and R5; when the power source of the hybrid system is hydrogen / supercapacitor, the positive and negative electrodes of the supercapacitor are physically connected to the output end of the DCDC, and the auxiliary power system assists in starting the fuel cell system; the auxiliary power system is responsible for starting the central control and fuel cell system;

[0020] The central control system operation node ② opens the power supply circuit of the auxiliary power system, 12V2, 5V, and 3.3V are established to supply power to the BOP and IC respectively, and the fuel cell system starts smoothly; the DCDC output voltage is established, and the over-capacity charging is completed.

[0021] A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system controller, the controller structure is a stacked type, including an upper layer as a control board and a lower layer as a power board;

[0022] The control board and the power board are connected through connectors such as pin headers and female headers. The function of the pin headers and female headers is to transmit the sampled analog signals on the power board to the control board, and at the same time provide a path for the control signals and power supply sent by the control board.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention proposes a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit and controller, which are specially developed for the use scenario of hydrogen-powered vehicles. The optimized controller power circuit can be switched between single power mode and dual power mode, and is easily compatible with hydrogen / lithium or hydrogen / super-capacity hybrid applications. The controller adopts a stacked design, uses a pin connector as a power terminal and a control signal terminal, integrates a boost unit, and uses pure digital control to minimize the size of the fuel cell controller; in order to make the controller installation more concise and firm, the power board cancels the wiring screws and uses welding holes to connect and fix on the control board. The power current is also transmitted through the connector, which is more miniaturized, highly integrated in function, and has good system stability performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the control circuit composition of a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system controller of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a control power supply circuit structure of a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other. The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit is specially developed for hydrogen-powered vehicles. The optimized controller power circuit can be easily compatible with hydrogen / lithium or hydrogen / super-capacity hybrid applications. The controller adopts a stacked design, uses pin header connectors as power terminals and control signal terminals, integrates a boost unit, and uses pure digital control to minimize the size of the fuel cell controller; it integrates rich control functions and has good system stability.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the control circuit includes a power supply circuit, a CAN communication circuit, a 485 communication circuit, an analog detection circuit, a PWM output circuit, a DI detection / DO output circuit, an LCD / LED display circuit, and a low-side / solenoid valve control circuit. The power supply circuit takes power from the output end of the boost circuit to generate the control power required by the controller. The CAN or 485 communication circuit is connected to the vehicle hybrid system communication bus and communicates with the central control system and the motor control system. The analog detection circuit is responsible for collecting the hydrogen pressure, stack temperature and stack voltage on the fuel cell side, as well as the input voltage / current, output voltage / current and battery voltage / current on the boost circuit side. The PWM output circuit is responsible for receiving the digital PWM signal sent by the MCU to drive the power tube of the boost circuit. The DI detection / DO output circuit is responsible for receiving the start-up signal of the central control system and uploading its own fault signal. The LCD / LED display circuit can be used to display and observe the relevant necessary parameters during the vehicle debugging. The low-side / solenoid valve control circuit is used to drive the fuel cell BOP such as the intake valve, exhaust valve and fan.

[0031] The overall structure of the controller is as follows Figure 2 The stacked type is shown, with the upper layer being the control board and the lower layer being the power board. Different from conventional fuel cell controller boards, the power board is made of materials with high thermal conductivity to support a smaller heat dissipation area, a larger power density, and a lighter weight. The boards are connected through connectors such as pin headers and female headers. The function of the pin headers and female headers is to transmit the sampled analog signals on the power board to the control board, and to provide a path for the control signals and power supply sent by the control board. Innovatively, in order to make the controller installation more concise and firm, the power board cancels the wiring screws and uses welding holes to connect and fix it on the control board, and the power current is also transmitted through the connector. This result greatly benefits the selection of Boost topology power devices, which tend to be miniaturized.

[0032] The power circuit is the key to realizing the hybrid solution of the whole vehicle. The power circuit layout diagram is as follows Figure 3As shown. The entire power supply circuit takes power from the boost DC / DC output side, generates power 12V1 through a typical BUCK circuit, and then generates 12V2 through a dual power switching device. The auxiliary power supply of the dual power switching device is a battery, and the typical voltage value in the example is 7.4V. 12V2 then passes through the BUCK chip and the LDO chip to generate 5V and 3.3V power supplies respectively. 12V2, 5V, and 3.3V are respectively supplied to BOP, IC, etc. The PTC heating device also takes power through the DCDC output, and GPIO2 controls Q3 to achieve switching. The EN circuit of the BUCK chip consists of Q1, Q2, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5. There is a similar EN circuit in the dual power switching circuit. Nodes ① and ② are controlled by the central control system.

[0033] When the power source of the hybrid system is hydrogen / lithium, no battery is required, and the dual power switching circuit works in single power mode. The central control system operates node ①, Q1 is turned on, and the EN signal is transmitted to the BUCK chip through R4 and R5. The positive and negative poles of the power lithium battery are physically connected to the output end of the DCDC, so the BUCK chip is equivalent to directly taking power from the power lithium battery to generate 12V2, 5V, and 3.3V to supply power to BOP, IC, etc. respectively. The fuel cell system can be started smoothly. To ensure the stable operation of the system, the control chip will operate Q2 through GPIO1 for self-locking. When the power source of the hybrid system is hydrogen / supercapacitor, the positive and negative poles of the supercapacitor are physically connected to the output end of the DCDC, but the supercapacitor has no electrical energy in the initial state. At this time, the auxiliary power system is required to assist in starting the fuel cell system. The auxiliary power system is responsible for the startup of the central control and fuel cell systems. Typically, the voltage of the auxiliary power system is 7.4V, and the dual power switching circuit works in normal switching mode. The central control system operation node ② opens the power supply circuit of the auxiliary power system, and 12V2, 5V, and 3.3V are established to supply power to BOP, IC, etc. respectively, and the fuel cell system starts smoothly. The DCDC output voltage is established, and the supercapacitor charging is completed. Q1 is turned on, and the EN signal is transmitted to the BUCK chip through R4 and R5, so that 12V1 is established. When 12V1 is established, the dual power switching circuit will cut off the external power supply path of the auxiliary power system, and 12V2 will be generated from 12V1. At the same time, 12V1 will perform the corresponding charging procedure for the auxiliary power system.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connect", and "fix" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0035] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A control circuit for a hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system, characterized in that ,The control circuit includes a power supply circuit, a CAN communication circuit, a 485 communication circuit, an analog detection circuit, a PWM output circuit, a DI detection / DO output circuit, an LCD / LED display circuit and a low-side / solenoid valve control circuit; The power supply circuit is used to take power from the output end of the boost circuit to generate the control power required by the controller; The CAN communication circuit and the 485 communication circuit are used to connect the vehicle hybrid system communication bus and communicate with the central control system and the motor control system; The analog detection circuit is responsible for collecting the hydrogen pressure, stack temperature and stack voltage on the fuel cell side, and collecting the input voltage / current, output voltage / current and battery voltage / current on the boost circuit side; The PWM output circuit is responsible for receiving the digital PWM signal sent by the MCU, and is used to drive the power tube of the boost circuit; The DI detection / DO output circuit is used to receive the start signal of the central control system and upload its own fault signal; The LCD / LED display circuit is used to display observation parameters during vehicle commissioning; The low-side / solenoid valve control circuit is used to drive the fuel cell BOP such as the intake valve, exhaust valve and fan.

2. A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply circuit draws power from the output side of the boost DC / DC, generates power supply 12V1 through the BUCK circuit, and then generates 12V2 through the dual power supply switching device. The auxiliary power supply of the dual power supply switching device is a battery with a typical voltage value of 7.4V; the power supply circuit includes node ① and node ② and is controlled by the central control system.

3. A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The 12V2 generates 5V and 3.3V power supplies through the BUCK chip and the LDO chip respectively, and the 12V2, 5V, and 3.3V are supplied to the BOP and IC respectively; The PTC heating device also draws power through the DC / DC output and is switched on and off by GPIO2 through the control transistor Q3.

4. A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The EN circuit of the BUCK chip is composed of transistors Q1 and Q2 and resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5. There is a similar EN circuit in the dual power switching circuit.

5. A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system control circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the power source of the hybrid system is hydrogen / lithium, no battery is required, the dual power switching circuit works in single power mode, the central control system operation node ①, Q1 is turned on, and the EN signal is transmitted to the BUCK chip through R4 and R5; when the power source of the hybrid system is hydrogen / supercapacitor, the positive and negative electrodes of the supercapacitor are physically connected to the output end of the DCDC, and the auxiliary power system assists in starting the fuel cell system; the auxiliary power system is responsible for starting the central control and fuel cell system; The central control system operation node ② opens the power supply circuit of the auxiliary power system, 12V2, 5V, and 3.3V are established to supply power to the BOP and IC respectively, and the fuel cell system starts smoothly; the DCDC output voltage is established, and the over-capacity charging is completed.

6. A hydrogen-lithium super-capacity hybrid fuel cell system controller as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The controller has a stacked structure, including a control board on the upper layer and a power board on the lower layer; The control board and the power board are connected through connectors such as pin headers and female headers. The function of the pin headers and female headers is to transmit the sampled analog signals on the power board to the control board, and at the same time provide a path for the control signals and power supply sent by the control board.

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