Provided is a medical article flow management system based on identity identification. The system includes a database platform, and an information acquisition module, an identification generation module, an identification binding module, a flow management module, a flow query module, an alarm setting module, an automatic alarm module, and a responsibility tracking module that are in information interaction with the database platform. The system generates and binds identity identifications for every medicine, instrument, and consumable and saves the identity identifications in the database platform through the identification generation module and the identification binding module, monitors the flow information of the medical articles through the flow management module and the flow query module, and sends an alarm for non-standard flow paths through the alarm setting module, the automatic alarm module, and the responsibility tracking module. Therefore, the medical article flow management system based on identity identification realizes the fine management and whole-process monitoring of medicines, instruments, and consumables, and prevents medical instruments from being used without permission and medical waste from flowing into the society again.