Earth excavation device for highway subgrade

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of highway construction, and provides a highway subgrade earthwork excavation device which comprises a vehicle body used for bearing and installing the whole roadbed earthwork excavation device, and the vehicle body is provided with an installation shell capable of being adjusted in a steering mode; the barrel is arranged in the mounting shell and used for guiding and conveying excavated highway subgrade earthwork, and the bottom end of the barrel extends out of the mounting shell; and the guiding and conveying pipe fixedly communicates with the soil outlet end of the mounting shell and is used for guiding and conveying the earthwork into a transport vehicle hopper. According to the highway subgrade earthwork excavation device provided by the scheme, by optimizing the broken soil discharging and cleaning process and combining automatic and environment-friendly design, the construction efficiency is remarkably improved, the cost is reduced, the safety and health of operators are guaranteed, and comprehensive optimization of the construction efficiency, the environmental protection property and the economical efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of highway construction, and in particular relates to a highway roadbed earth excavation device. Background Art

[0002] In the basic construction stage of highway construction, roadbed excavation is a crucial link, which is directly related to the smooth progress of subsequent projects and the stability and safety of the final road. Traditional earth excavation methods often rely on manual or simple mechanical equipment. Faced with complex and changeable geotechnical environments, especially areas with hard rock layers, excavation efficiency is low and costly. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of engineering technology, mechanical equipment designed specifically for highway roadbed excavation has emerged, aiming to improve excavation efficiency, reduce manpower input and ensure construction safety.

[0003] However, although the existing highway subgrade earth excavation device has achieved effective crushing of hard rocks through the integrated rock crushing device and significantly improved the operating capacity under complex geological conditions, it still has obvious deficiencies in the discharge and cleaning of crushed soil. Specifically, the device uses a protective cover to reduce the splashing of crushed stones during the crushing process, ensuring the safety of the operator, but at the same time it also limits the smooth discharge of crushed soil. As the crushing operation continues, the crushed soil gradually accumulates inside the protective cover, which not only occupies the crushing space and reduces the crushing efficiency, but may also affect the drainage of the excavated pit and the subsequent construction work due to the inability to clean it in time, ultimately resulting in a significant reduction in the overall quality and efficiency of the earth excavation; in addition, traditional earth excavation devices often lack an efficient automated soil discharge system when dealing with crushed soil discharge, and rely on manual or simple mechanical assistance for cleaning, which not only increases labor costs but also prolongs the construction period.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention proposes a highway roadbed earth excavation device, aiming to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems of the existing highway roadbed earth excavation device in terms of the deficiencies in the discharge and cleaning of broken soil and the low construction efficiency, the present invention provides a highway roadbed earth excavation device.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: a highway roadbed earth excavation device comprises: a vehicle body for carrying and installing the entire roadbed earth excavation device, the vehicle body being provided with a steerable and adjustable mounting shell; a cylinder arranged in the mounting shell, for guiding the excavated highway roadbed earth, the bottom end of the cylinder extending out of the mounting shell; a guide pipe fixedly connected to the unearthed end of the mounting shell, for guiding the earth into a transport vehicle bucket; a dust collecting box and a dust reduction box fixed on the top of the mounting shell, for collecting dust and storing water for dust reduction, respectively; a gravel excavation mechanism arranged on the cylinder and the mounting shell, for excavating highway roadbed earth; a conveying mechanism arranged in the mounting shell, for conveying the earth discharged from the cylinder; a steering mechanism arranged on the vehicle body, for regulating the steering of the mounting shell.

[0007] Preferably, the stone crushing and excavation mechanism includes: an auger rotatably installed in the cylinder for guiding soil and rocks; a crushing cone fixed on the bottom end of the auger shaft for drilling large stones; a first reducer fixed in the mounting shell, the output shaft of the first reducer being fixedly connected to the shaft of the auger through a coupling; an assembly shell fixed on the top of the mounting shell, a first transmission shaft rotatably installed in the assembly shell, the first transmission shaft and the input shaft of the first reducer are respectively fixedly installed with first bevel teeth and second bevel teeth, the first bevel teeth mesh with the second bevel teeth for transmission; a first motor arranged at the top of the mounting shell, a first pulley and a second pulley are respectively fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first motor and the first transmission shaft, the first pulley and the second pulley are sleeved with the same timing belt for transmission.

[0008] Preferably, the conveying mechanism includes: an assembly plate symmetrically fixed in the mounting shell, on which a roller is rotatably mounted; a conveyor belt sleeved on the roller, for receiving and conveying soil and stone blocks discharged from the cylinder; a mounting plate fixed on the mounting shell, on which a second transmission shaft for transmission is rotatably mounted; third and fourth bevel teeth respectively fixed on the top ends of the first and second transmission shafts, the third bevel teeth meshing with the fourth bevel teeth for driving the second transmission shaft to rotate; fifth and sixth bevel teeth respectively fixed on the roller shaft and the bottom end of the second transmission shaft, the fifth bevel teeth meshing with the sixth bevel teeth for driving the roller to rotate.

[0009] Preferably, the steering mechanism includes: a mounting frame fixed to the vehicle body, on which a steering shaft is rotatably mounted; a support frame fixed to the top end of the steering shaft, on which an electric hydraulic rod is symmetrically fixedly mounted for regulating the lifting and lowering of the mounting shell; a connecting plate arranged on the output rod of the electric hydraulic rod, the top end of the connecting plate being fixedly connected to the mounting shell; a second reducer fixed to the vehicle body, the output shaft of the second reducer being fixedly connected to the steering shaft via a coupling; a second motor fixed to the vehicle body, the output shaft of the second motor being fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second reducer via a coupling.

[0010] Preferably, a dust suction mechanism is provided on the dust collecting box and the cylinder body for collecting dust generated during excavation, and the dust suction mechanism comprises: a bearing frame fixed in the dust collecting box, a rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the bearing frame, one end of the rotating rod extends out of the dust collecting box and is fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft through a coupling; fan blades mounted on the rotating rod are used for exhausting air; a protective cover connected to the bottom end of the cylinder body, a dust suction pipe is fixedly mounted on the protective cover; a telescopic pipe connected to the dust collecting box, the dust inlet end of the telescopic pipe is fixedly connected to the dust suction pipe; a dust outlet pipe connected to the dust collecting box, the dust outlet end of the dust outlet pipe extends into the dust reduction box.

[0011] Preferably, one side of the dust reduction box is fixedly connected to a sewage pipe, the sewage pipe is provided with a solenoid valve and the water outlet end extends into the guide pipe for discharging sewage in the dust reduction box.

[0012] Preferably, the top of the dust reduction box is fixedly connected with a water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is used to connect a water replenishing device to inject water into the dust reduction box.

[0013] Preferably, a bracket is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the mounting frame, a ball is provided on the top of the bracket, and an annular groove is provided on the bottom of the support frame, and the annular groove is adapted to the ball.

[0014] Preferably, a detachable sealing cover is provided on the top of the dust box, a handle is fixedly installed on the top of the sealing cover, hooks are fixedly installed on both sides of the sealing cover, and buckles are fixedly installed on both sides of the dust box, and the buckles are buckled with the hooks.

[0015] Preferably, the dust suction pipe is annular, the dust suction pipe is fixedly connected to a plurality of dust collecting pipes, the dust inlet end of the dust collecting pipe is fixedly connected to a dust collecting hood, and the dust collecting hood is trumpet-shaped.

[0016] Compared with the related art, the highway subgrade earth excavation device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The vehicle body provides a stable mobile platform, which enhances construction flexibility; the precise design of the steering mechanism enables flexible steering and lifting of the installation shell, significantly improving work efficiency and the ability to adapt to complex terrain; efficient soil crushing and discharge system: the combination of the auger and the crushing cone efficiently crushes soil and rocks to avoid blockage; the conveying mechanism ensures the smooth discharge of crushed soil and rocks, realizes automatic soil discharge, and reduces labor costs and construction cycles; the conveying mechanism realizes continuous and stable transportation of soil and rock blocks, reduces manual intervention, and improves the degree of automation and conveying efficiency; the design of the dust collection box and the dust reduction box effectively collects and controls dust during excavation, improves the working environment, and protects the health of operators; by optimizing the crushed soil discharge and cleaning process, combined with automation and environmental protection design, the present invention not only significantly improves construction efficiency and reduces costs, but also ensures the safety and health of operators, and achieves comprehensive optimization of construction efficiency, environmental protection and economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the side structure of a highway subgrade earth excavation device provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a side cross-sectional structure of a highway roadbed earth excavation device provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 An enlarged structural diagram of part A shown in FIG.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of part B shown in FIG.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure of part C shown in FIG.

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 3 An enlarged structural diagram of part D shown in FIG.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the assembly structure of the assembly plate, rollers and conveyor belt in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder, auger and crushing cone in the present invention;

[0026] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide tube in the present invention;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support in the present invention.

[0028] Figure numerals: 1, vehicle body; 2, mounting shell; 3, cylinder; 4, guide pipe; 5, dust collecting box; 6, dust suppression box; 7, auger; 8, crushing cone; 9, first reducer; 10, assembly shell; 11, first transmission shaft; 12, first bevel gear; 13, second bevel gear; 14, first motor; 15, first pulley; 16, second pulley; 17, timing belt; 18, bearing frame; 19, rotating rod; 20, fan blade; 21, sealing cover; 22, telescopic tube; 23, protective cover ; 24. Dust suction pipe; 25. Dust outlet pipe; 26. Assembly plate; 27. Roller; 28. Conveyor belt; 29. ​​Mounting plate; 30. Second transmission shaft; 31. Third bevel gear; 32. Fourth bevel gear; 33. Fifth bevel gear; 34. Sixth bevel gear; 35. Mounting frame; 36. Steering shaft; 37. Support frame; 38. Electric hydraulic rod; 39. Connecting plate; 40. Second reducer; 41. Second motor; 42. Drain pipe; 43. Solenoid valve; 44. Water inlet pipe; 45. Bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field of this application; the terms used in the specification of the application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0030] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides a highway subgrade earth excavation device, such as Figure 1-10As shown, the highway roadbed earth excavation device includes: a vehicle body 1 for carrying and installing the entire roadbed earth excavation device, the vehicle body 1 is provided with a steerable and adjustable mounting shell 2; a cylinder 3 arranged in the mounting shell 2, for guiding the excavated highway roadbed earth, the bottom end of the cylinder 3 extending out of the mounting shell 2; a guide pipe 4 fixedly connected to the unearthed end of the mounting shell 2, for guiding the earth into the transport bucket; a dust collecting box 5 and a dust reduction box 6 fixed on the top of the mounting shell 2, for collecting dust and storing water for dust reduction, respectively; a gravel excavation mechanism arranged on the cylinder 3 and the mounting shell 2, for excavating highway roadbed earth; a conveying mechanism arranged in the mounting shell 2, for conveying the earth discharged from the cylinder 3; a steering mechanism arranged on the vehicle body 1, for regulating the steering of the mounting shell 2.

[0032] In this embodiment, the vehicle body 1 serves as the bearing base of the whole device. The vehicle body 1 not only provides a stable working platform, but also facilitates rapid transfer between different construction sites due to its mobility design, thus improving the flexibility of construction. The steering adjustment function of the installation shell 2 is a highlight of this device. Through the steering mechanism, the operator can flexibly adjust the excavation direction to meet the construction needs, greatly improving the work efficiency and safety. The cylinder 3 serves as an earthwork conveying channel, and its bottom end extends to the outside of the installation shell 2. This design ensures that the excavated earth can be discharged smoothly, avoids the problem of internal accumulation, keeps the working area clean, and is conducive to improving crushing efficiency and construction quality; the guide pipe 4 is fixedly connected to the guide pipe 4 on the unearthed end of the mounting shell 2, and directly guides the earth to the transport vehicle bucket, realizing automatic earth discharge, reducing labor costs, and shortening the construction period; the dust collecting box 5 is used to collect dust generated during the excavation process, effectively preventing dust pollution and improving the working environment. At the same time, the dust reduction box 6 further controls the diffusion of dust by storing water to reduce dust, thereby protecting the health of the operator; the stone crushing and digging mechanism is arranged on the cylinder 3 and the mounting shell 2, and is one of the core components of the device. It can efficiently crush the rock layer and ensure the smooth discharge of the crushed soil, avoiding the problem of crushed stone blockage in the traditional method; the conveying mechanism in the conveying mechanism installation shell 2 is responsible for conveying the earth discharged from the cylinder 3 to the guide pipe 4, realizing the continuous and efficient transmission of the earth, avoiding the tedious and inefficient manual cleaning; the steering mechanism not only regulates the steering of the installation shell 2, but also ensures the precise positioning of the entire excavation process, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the operation; in summary, the highway roadbed earth excavation device of the present invention significantly improves the construction efficiency and reduces the cost by optimizing the crushed soil discharge and cleaning process, combining automation and environmental protection design, while ensuring the safety and health of the operators, and is an important technological innovation in the field of highway construction.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stone crushing and digging mechanism includes: an auger 7 rotatably installed in the cylinder 3 for guiding soil and rocks; a crushing cone 8 fixed on the bottom end of the shaft of the auger 7 for drilling large stones; a first reducer 9 fixed in the mounting shell 2, the output shaft of the first reducer 9 being fixedly connected to the shaft of the auger 7 through a coupling; an assembly shell 10 fixed on the top of the mounting shell 2, a first transmission shaft 11 being rotatably installed in the assembly shell 10, the first transmission shaft 11 and the input shaft of the first reducer 9 being respectively fixedly installed with first bevel teeth 12 and second bevel teeth 13, the first bevel teeth 12 being meshed with the second bevel teeth 13 for transmission; a first motor 14 arranged at the top of the mounting shell 2, a first pulley 15 and a second pulley 16 being respectively fixedly installed on the output shaft of the first motor 14 and the first transmission shaft 11, the first pulley 15 and the second pulley 16 being sleeved with the same timing belt 17 for transmission.

[0034] In this embodiment, the auger 7 rotatably installed in the cylinder 3 is the key to guiding the soil and rocks. It can push the soil and rocks toward the outlet direction of the cylinder 3 during the excavation process, ensuring the smooth discharge of the soil and rocks, avoiding blockage, and improving the efficiency of crushing and soil discharge; the crushing cone 8 is fixed at the bottom end of the shaft of the auger 7, and is specially designed to drill large rocks. Its sharp conical structure can effectively crush the hard rocks encountered, reduce the pressure on the subsequent crushing mechanism, and improve the overall crushing efficiency; the first reducer 9 in the first reducer 9 installation shell 2 is connected to the shaft of the auger 7 through a coupling, which can convert the high-speed rotation of the motor into the speed and torque required by the auger 7, ensuring the stable operation of the crushing cone 8 and the auger 7; the assembly shell 10, the first transmission shaft 11, the first bevel gear 12 and the second bevel gear 13: these components constitute the power transmission system from the first motor 14 to the first reducer 9. The first bevel gear 12 on the first transmission shaft 11 meshes with the second bevel gear 13 on the input shaft of the first reducer 9, thereby realizing efficient power transmission and ensuring the stable operation of the auger 7; the first motor 14, the first pulley 15, the second pulley 16, and the timing belt 17: the first motor 14 is connected to the second pulley 16 on the first transmission shaft 11 through the timing belt 17, thereby realizing the smooth transmission of power and ensuring the uniform rotation of the auger 7. This transmission method simplifies the power transmission structure and improves the reliability of the system; in summary, the stone crushing and excavation mechanism in this embodiment realizes the effective drilling of large stones and the smooth conveying of soil and stone blocks through the auger 7, the crushing cone 8 and the precise power transmission system, which not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also ensures the continuity and automation of the entire excavation process, and is a key innovation to improve the efficiency of highway subgrade earthwork excavation.

[0035] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conveying mechanism includes: an assembly plate 26 symmetrically fixed in the mounting shell 2, on which a roller 27 is rotatably mounted; a conveyor belt 28 sleeved on the roller 27, for receiving and conveying soil and stone blocks discharged from the cylinder 3; a mounting plate 29 fixed to the mounting shell 2, on which a second transmission shaft 30 for transmission is rotatably mounted; a third bevel gear 31 and a fourth bevel gear 32 respectively fixed to the top of the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 30, the third bevel gear 31 and the fourth bevel gear 32 being ... first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 30, the third bevel gear 31 and the fourth bevel gear 32 being respectively fixed to the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 30, the third bevel gear 31 and the fourth bevel gear 32 being respectively fixed to the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 30, the third bevel gear 31 and the fourth bevel gear 32 being respectively fixed to the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 30, the third bevel gear 31 and the fourth bevel gear 32 being respectively fixed to the first transmission shaft 11 and the second transmission shaft 30, the third bevel gear 31 and the fourth bevel gear 3 The teeth 32 are meshed with each other to drive the second transmission shaft 30 to rotate; the fifth bevel teeth 33 and the sixth bevel teeth 34 are respectively fixed on the shaft of the roller 27 and the bottom end of the second transmission shaft 30, and the fifth bevel teeth 33 are meshed with the sixth bevel teeth 34 to drive the roller 27 to rotate. The stone crushing and excavation mechanism realizes the effective drilling of large stones and the smooth guidance of soil and stones through the auger 7, the crushing cone 8 and the precise power transmission system, which not only improves the crushing efficiency, but also ensures the continuity and automation of the entire excavation process. It is a key innovation to improve the efficiency of highway subgrade excavation.

[0036] In this embodiment, the assembly plate 26 is symmetrically fixed in the mounting shell 2, and is used to support the installation of the roller 27. The conveyor belt 28 on the roller 27 is responsible for receiving and conveying the soil and rocks discharged from the cylinder 3, ensuring the continuous and stable conveying of the soil and rocks, reducing manual intervention, and improving the degree of automation; the conveyor belt 28 is located below the discharge port of the cylinder 3, and driven by the rotation of the roller 27, it can smoothly receive and convey the soil and rocks, ensuring the timely discharge of the soil and rocks, avoiding accumulation and blockage, and improving the working efficiency; the mounting plate 29 is fixed on the mounting shell 2, and is used to support the second transmission shaft 30. The second transmission shaft 30 is meshed with the third bevel gear 31 of the first transmission shaft 11 through the third bevel gear 31, realizing the transmission of power and ensuring the stable rotation of the roller 27; the meshing of the two sets of bevel gears, the third bevel gear 31 and the fourth bevel gear 32, constitutes a power transmission chain from the first transmission shaft 11 to the second transmission shaft 30. The precise meshing of the bevel gears achieves efficient and smooth transmission of power, ensuring the stable operation of the roller 27; the fifth bevel gear 33 on the shaft of the roller 27 meshes with the sixth bevel gear 34 at the bottom of the second transmission shaft 30, directly driving the roller 27 to rotate, ensuring the stable operation of the conveyor belt 28. The roller 27, the conveyor belt 28 and the bevel gear transmission system achieve efficient and continuous transportation of soil and rocks, which not only improves the transportation efficiency, but also ensures the automation and continuity of the entire earth excavation process, greatly improving the efficiency and safety of highway roadbed earth excavation.

[0037] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steering mechanism includes: a mounting frame 35 fixed on the vehicle body 1, on which a steering shaft 36 is rotatably mounted; a support frame 37 fixed on the top end of the steering shaft 36, on which an electric hydraulic rod 38 is symmetrically fixedly mounted for regulating the lifting and lowering of the mounting shell 2; a connecting plate 39 arranged on the output rod of the electric hydraulic rod 38, the top end of the connecting plate 39 is fixedly connected to the mounting shell 2; a second reducer 40 fixed on the vehicle body 1, the output shaft of the second reducer 40 is fixedly connected to the steering shaft 36 via a coupling; a second motor 41 fixed on the vehicle body 1, the output shaft of the second motor 41 is fixedly connected to the input shaft of the second reducer 40 via a coupling.

[0038] In this embodiment, the steering mechanism realizes flexible steering and lifting and lowering control of the mounting shell 2 through precise mechanical design, which significantly improves the flexibility and efficiency of the excavation operation; the mounting frame 35 is fixed on the vehicle body 1, and is used to support the rotational installation of the steering shaft 36. The steering shaft 36 is the core of the steering mechanism, and its rotation directly drives the steering of the support frame 37 and the mounting shell 2, realizing flexible adjustment of the excavation direction; the support frame 37 is fixed on the top of the steering shaft 36, and the lifting and lowering of the mounting shell 2 and the cylinder 3 are regulated by the extension and retraction of the electric hydraulic rod 38; the connecting plate 39 is fixed on the output rod of the electric hydraulic rod 38, and its top is fixedly connected to the mounting shell 2, ensuring that the electric hydraulic rod 38 can smoothly drive the mounting shell 2 to rise and fall when it is extended and retracted, avoiding the shaking that may occur during the excavation process, and ensuring the stability of the operation; the second reducer 40 is connected to the steering shaft 36 through a coupling, and converts the high-speed rotation of the second motor 41 into the speed required by the steering shaft 36, ensuring the smooth and precise steering. The second motor 41 provides power for steering, and the steering shaft 36 is precisely controlled by the deceleration and torque increase of the second reducer 40. Flexible steering and stable lifting of the mounting shell 2 are achieved through the steering shaft 36, the electric hydraulic rod 38 and the precise transmission system, which not only improves the flexibility and efficiency of the excavation operation, but also adapts to the construction needs of complex terrain. It is a key innovation to improve the performance of highway subgrade excavation equipment.

[0039] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a dust suction mechanism is provided on the dust box 5 and the cylinder 3 for collecting dust generated during excavation, and the dust suction mechanism includes: a bearing frame 18 fixed in the dust box 5, a rotating rod 19 is rotatably mounted on the bearing frame 18, one end of the rotating rod 19 extends out of the dust box 5 and is fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft 11 through a coupling; a fan blade 20 mounted on the rotating rod 19 for exhausting air; a protective cover 23 connected to the bottom end of the cylinder 3, a dust suction pipe 24 is fixedly mounted on the protective cover 23; a telescopic pipe 22 connected to the dust box 5, the dust inlet end of the telescopic pipe 22 is fixedly connected to the dust suction pipe 24; a dust outlet pipe 25 connected to the dust box 5, the dust outlet end of the dust outlet pipe 25 extends into the dust reduction box 6.

[0040] In this embodiment, the dust suction mechanism works with the dust box 5 and the cylinder 3 to efficiently collect dust generated during the excavation process, significantly improving the environment of the construction site; the bearing frame 18 is fixed in the dust box 5 to support the rotation of the rotating rod 19. One end of the rotating rod 19 is fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft 11 through a coupling to ensure the smooth transmission of power and drive the fan blades 20 to rotate and generate suction; the fan blades 20 assembled on the rotating rod 19 are the core of the dust suction mechanism, which generates negative pressure through rotation, effectively sucks the dust generated during the excavation process, reduces the dust in the construction environment, and protects the health of the operators; the protective cover 23 is fixed at the bottom of the cylinder 3 to reduce the splashing of dust during excavation. The dust suction pipe 24 is fixed on the protective cover 23 and is connected to the telescopic pipe 22 to directly guide the dust into the dust box 5, ensuring the effective collection of dust; the dust inlet end of the telescopic pipe 22 is fixedly connected to the dust suction pipe 24, and its flexibility ensures the stable connection between the dust suction pipe 24 and the dust box 5, which is not affected by the excavation operation. The dust outlet end of the dust outlet pipe 25 extends into the dust reduction box 6, and the dust in the dust collecting box 5 is introduced into the dust reduction box 6. The dust pollution is further reduced by storing water to reduce dust. The dust suction mechanism realizes efficient collection and treatment of dust through the effective combination of fan blades, protective cover 23, dust suction pipe 24, telescopic tube 22 and dust outlet pipe 25, which not only improves the construction environment and protects the health of operators, but also improves the environmental protection standards of the overall excavation operation.

[0041] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, one side of the dust reduction box 6 is fixedly connected to a sewage pipe 42 , a solenoid valve 43 is provided on the sewage pipe 42 and a water outlet extends into the guide pipe 4 for discharging sewage in the dust reduction box 6 .

[0042] In this embodiment, the dust suppression box 6 realizes the automatic discharge of sewage through the design of the sewage pipe 42 and the electromagnetic valve 43. The sewage pipe 42 is fixedly connected to one side of the dust suppression box 6, and its water outlet extends into the guide pipe 4. This design ensures that the sewage settled in the dust suppression box 6 can be directly discharged into the guide pipe 4 and discharged together with the soil and rocks, simplifying the sewage discharge process; the electromagnetic valve 43 is set on the sewage pipe 42, and is opened and closed by electronic control to automatically control the discharge of sewage.

[0043] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a water inlet pipe 44 is fixedly connected to the top of the dust reduction box 6 , and the water inlet pipe 44 is used to connect a water replenishing device to inject water into the dust reduction box 6 .

[0044] In this embodiment, the dust reduction box 6 is connected to the water inlet pipe 44 fixedly at the top, ensuring that the external water supply equipment can conveniently inject water into the dust reduction box 6. This design is crucial to maintaining the normal operation of the system; the water inlet pipe 44 is fixedly connected to the top of the dust reduction box 6 and is used to connect the external water supply equipment. This design enables the dust reduction box 6 to replenish water in time as needed, ensuring the smooth progress of the dust reduction and sewage sedimentation process, and avoiding the reduction of dust reduction effect due to insufficient water level; in summary, the design of the water inlet pipe 44 ensures sufficient water in the dust reduction box 6 through a convenient external water supply method, which plays a key role in maintaining the dust reduction effect and environmental protection performance of the system. It not only simplifies the operation process and improves the automation level of the system, but also ensures the efficient and environmentally friendly excavation operation.

[0045] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bracket 45 is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 35, a ball is provided on the top of the bracket 45, and an annular groove is provided at the bottom of the support frame 37, and the annular groove is adapted to the ball.

[0046] In this embodiment, the bracket 45 on the mounting frame 35 cooperates with the annular groove at the bottom of the support frame 37, and the ball bearings are used to achieve smooth rotation of the support frame 37 during steering, which significantly improves the stability and smoothness of the steering mechanism.

[0047] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a detachable sealing cover 21 is provided on the top of the dust box 5, a handle is fixedly installed on the top of the sealing cover 21, hooks are fixedly installed on both sides of the sealing cover 21, and buckles are fixedly installed on both sides of the dust box 5, and the buckles are buckled with the hooks.

[0048] In this embodiment, the detachable sealing cover 21 on the top of the dust box 5 is designed with the coordinated use of the handle, the hook and the buckle, which not only facilitates the cleaning and maintenance of the dust box 5, but also ensures its sealing in the working state; the hooks fixedly installed on both sides of the sealing cover 21 are engaged with the buckles on both sides of the dust box 5. This design ensures that the sealing cover 21 is firmly fixed in the working state, prevents the sealing failure caused by vibration during the excavation process, and ensures the sealing of the dust box 5 and the normal operation of the dust suction mechanism.

[0049] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dust suction pipe 24 is annular, the dust suction pipe 24 is fixedly connected to a plurality of dust collecting pipes, the dust inlet end of the dust collecting pipe is fixedly connected to a dust collecting hood, and the dust collecting hood is trumpet-shaped.

[0050] In this embodiment, the dust suction pipe 24 adopts an annular design, and the dust suction range and effect are significantly enhanced by the coordinated use of multiple dust collecting pipes and a trumpet-shaped dust collecting hood; the design of the annular dust suction pipe 24 enables the dust suction pipe 24 to surround the bottom end of the cylinder 3, evenly distribute the dust suction points, expand the dust suction coverage area, and ensure that the dust generated during the excavation process can be collected more comprehensively; multiple dust collecting pipes fixedly connected to the dust suction pipe 24 are connected to a trumpet-shaped dust collecting hood at the dust inlet end. The trumpet-shaped design of the dust collecting hood can effectively capture the dust around, increase the coverage area of ​​the dust suction port, and improve the dust collection efficiency; in summary, the combined design of the annular dust suction pipe 24, the dust collecting pipe and the dust collecting hood, by expanding the dust suction range and improving the dust suction effect, ensures that the dust generated during the excavation process can be efficiently and comprehensively collected, which not only improves the working environment, but also improves the environmental protection performance of the entire system.

[0051] It is worth noting that the circuits, electronic components and modules involved in the present invention are all prior art and can be fully implemented by those skilled in the art. Needless to say, the content protected by the present invention does not involve improvements to software and methods.

[0052] To sum up, the vehicle body 1 provides a stable mobile platform, which enhances the construction flexibility; the precise design of the steering mechanism realizes the flexible steering and lifting of the mounting shell 2, significantly improving the working efficiency and the ability to adapt to complex terrain; the efficient soil crushing and discharge system: the combination of the auger 7 and the crushing cone 8 efficiently crushes soil and rocks to avoid blockage; the conveying mechanism ensures the smooth discharge of crushed soil and rocks, realizes automatic soil discharge, and reduces labor costs and construction period; the conveying mechanism realizes the continuous and stable transportation of soil and rock blocks, reduces manual intervention, and improves the degree of automation and conveying efficiency; the design of the dust collection box 5 and the dust reduction box 6 effectively collects and controls dust during the excavation process, improves the working environment, and protects the health of the operators; by optimizing the crushed soil discharge and cleaning process, combined with automation and environmental protection design, the present invention not only significantly improves the construction efficiency and reduces costs, but also ensures the safety and health of the operators, and achieves the comprehensive optimization of construction efficiency, environmental protection and economy.

[0053] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed device can be implemented in other ways.

[0054] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field can still combine, add, delete or make other adjustments to the features in the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict, without making creative work, so as to obtain different other technical solutions that do not deviate from the concept of the present invention in essence, and these technical solutions also belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highway subgrade earth excavation device, characterized in that: include: A vehicle body (1) for carrying and installing the entire roadbed earth excavation device, wherein the vehicle body (1) is provided with a steerable and adjustable mounting shell (2); A cylinder (3) is arranged inside the installation shell (2) for conveying excavated roadbed earth, and the bottom end of the cylinder (3) extends outside the installation shell (2); A guide pipe (4) fixedly connected to the unearthed end of the mounting shell (2) and used for guiding the earth into the transport bucket; A dust collecting box (5) and a dust reducing box (6) fixed on the top of the installation shell (2), respectively used for collecting dust and storing water for dust reduction; A stone crushing and earth-digging mechanism arranged on the cylinder (3) and the mounting shell (2) is used for excavating earthwork for the highway subgrade; A conveying mechanism disposed in the installation shell (2) and used for conveying soil discharged from the cylinder (3); A steering mechanism arranged on the vehicle body (1) is used to regulate the steering of the mounting shell (2).

2. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stone crushing and earth-digging mechanism comprises: A screw auger (7) is rotatably mounted in the cylinder (3) to guide soil and rocks; A crushing cone (8) fixed to the bottom end of the shaft of the auger (7) is used to drill through large rocks; A first reducer (9) is fixed in the mounting shell (2), wherein the output shaft of the first reducer (9) is fixedly connected to the shaft of the auger (7) via a coupling; An assembly shell (10) is fixed on the top of the mounting shell (2), a first transmission shaft (11) is rotatably mounted in the assembly shell (10), a first bevel gear (12) and a second bevel gear (13) are respectively fixedly mounted on the first transmission shaft (11) and the input shaft of the first reducer (9), the first bevel gear (12) and the second bevel gear (13) are meshed with each other for transmission; A first motor (14) is arranged on the top of the mounting shell (2); a first pulley (15) and a second pulley (16) are fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the first motor (14) and the first transmission shaft (11), respectively; the first pulley (15) and the second pulley (16) are sleeved with a same timing belt (17) for transmission.

3. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism comprises: An assembly plate (26) symmetrically fixed inside the installation shell (2), a roller (27) being rotatably mounted on the assembly plate (26); A conveyor belt (28) sleeved on the roller (27) is used to receive and convey the soil and rocks discharged from the cylinder (3); a mounting plate (29) fixed on the mounting shell (2), a second transmission shaft (30) for transmission being rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (29); a third bevel tooth (31) and a fourth bevel tooth (32) respectively fixed on the top of the first transmission shaft (11) and the second transmission shaft (30), the third bevel tooth (31) meshing with the fourth bevel tooth (32) to drive the second transmission shaft (30) to rotate; A fifth bevel tooth (33) and a sixth bevel tooth (34) are respectively fixed on the shaft of the roller (27) and the bottom end of the second transmission shaft (30), and the fifth bevel tooth (33) is meshed with the sixth bevel tooth (34) to drive the roller (27) to rotate.

4. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering mechanism comprises: A mounting frame (35) fixed on the vehicle body (1), a steering shaft (36) being rotatably mounted on the mounting frame (35); A support frame (37) fixed on the top end of the steering shaft (36), wherein an electric hydraulic rod (38) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the support frame (37) for regulating the lifting and lowering of the mounting shell (2); A connecting plate (39) disposed on the output rod of the electric hydraulic rod (38), wherein the top end of the connecting plate (39) is fixedly connected to the mounting shell (2); a second reducer (40) fixed on the vehicle body (1), wherein an output shaft of the second reducer (40) is fixedly connected to the steering shaft (36) via a coupling; A second motor (41) is fixed on the vehicle body (1), and an output shaft of the second motor (41) is fixedly connected to an input shaft of the second reducer (40) via a coupling.

5. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust collecting box (5) and the cylinder (3) are provided with a dust collecting mechanism for collecting dust generated during excavation. The dust collecting mechanism comprises: A bearing frame (18) is fixed in the dust box (5), a rotating rod (19) is rotatably mounted on the bearing frame (18), one end of the rotating rod (19) extends out of the dust box (5) and is fixedly connected to the first transmission shaft (11) via a coupling; A fan blade (20) mounted on the rotating rod (19) for extracting air; Connected to a protective cover (23) at the bottom end of the cylinder (3), a dust suction pipe (24) is fixedly mounted on the protective cover (23); A telescopic tube (22) connected to the dust collecting box (5), wherein the dust inlet end of the telescopic tube (22) is fixedly connected to the dust suction tube (24); The dust outlet pipe (25) is connected to the dust collecting box (5), and the dust outlet end of the dust outlet pipe (25) extends into the dust reduction box (6).

6. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: One side of the dust reduction box (6) is fixedly connected to a sewage discharge pipe (42), and the sewage discharge pipe (42) is provided with a solenoid valve (43) and the water outlet end extends into the guide pipe (4) for discharging sewage in the dust reduction box (6).

7. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the dust reduction box (6) is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe (44), and the water inlet pipe (44) is used to connect to a water replenishment device to inject water into the dust reduction box (6).

8. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A bracket (45) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the mounting frame (35), a ball bearing is arranged on the top of the bracket (45), and an annular groove is provided on the bottom of the support frame (37), and the annular groove is adapted to fit the ball bearing.

9. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A detachable sealing cover (21) is arranged on the top of the dust box (5), a handle is fixedly mounted on the top of the sealing cover (21), hooks are fixedly mounted on both sides of the sealing cover (21), buckles are fixedly mounted on both sides of the dust box (5), and the buckles are buckled with the hooks.

10. The roadbed earth excavation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dust suction pipe (24) is annular in shape, and is fixedly connected to a plurality of dust collecting pipes on the dust suction pipe (24). A dust collecting hood is fixedly connected to the dust inlet end of the dust collecting pipe, and the dust collecting hood is trumpet-shaped.

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