Near-bit real-time measuring and guiding integrated drilling tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a near-bit real-time measuring and guiding integrated drilling tool. The near-bit real-time measuring and guiding integrated drilling tool comprises a shell, a main shaft, a measuring mechanism, a guiding mechanism, a power supply and communication mechanism and a control mechanism. The shell is cylindrical, and a bin is arranged on the outer wall of the shell. The main shaft is arranged in the hollow area of the shell and can rotate relative to the shell. The measuring mechanism comprises a sensor and a measuring circuit which are arranged in the bin of the shell. The guide mechanism includes an actuator and a backup wing. The power supply and communication mechanism comprises a wiring bin, a transmitter and a power circuit, a cable on one side of the transmitter extends into the wiring bin and is connected with a cable of the underground power supply system nipple, the other side of the transmitter is connected to the power circuit, and the power circuit supplies power to the sensor, the measuring circuit and the control mechanism. And the control mechanism is arranged in the chamber of the shell and is connected with the measuring circuit and the power supply and communication mechanism. The tool can realize real-time accurate measurement without drilling of a near-bit, and can also ensure accurate deviation correction control of a vertical guide system of a drilling tool on the bit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas drilling equipment, and in particular to a near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool. Background Art

[0002] As my country's oil and gas resource exploration and development moves deeper into the earth, the prevention of deflection and fast drilling in high-angle and easily deflected strata such as high-steep structures in front of mountains and overthrust nappes has become a global problem faced by major oil regions, especially the western oil regions. Conventional drilling tool combinations cannot meet the technical requirements of this complex formation, which seriously restricts the quality of drilling projects and the progress and benefits of oil and gas field exploration and development. In order to solve the above problems, many companies at home and abroad have developed vertical drilling tools. This is an advanced drilling tool with extremely high technical content that can realize automatic downhole deflection correction and keep the well wall vertical, which can effectively break through the above technical bottlenecks.

[0003] The measurement while drilling unit can measure the downhole drilling parameters and transmit them to the ground through the drilling fluid pulse generator, so that the staff can monitor and judge the working conditions of the vertical drilling tools in the well and formulate corresponding measures for the problems encountered. During the construction process, the closer the measurement unit is to the drill bit, the higher the accuracy and real-time performance of the measured data. However, in order to avoid the vibration caused by the drill bit during drilling, the measurement while drilling unit is generally installed at a position far away from the drill bit, and the tool parameters are measured by static measurement when the drill is stopped. Although this can reduce the impact of vibration generated during drilling on the measurement accuracy, the measurement position is far away from the drill bit, and the measured data is lagging and inaccurate, which cannot reflect the actual situation near the drill bit during drilling. The most important thing for engineering decision-making is accurate and real-time drill bit information. In addition, the stop-drilling measurement method cannot measure tool parameters in real time, and also reduces engineering efficiency.

[0004] The guide unit of the vertical drilling tool is a key component of the vertical drilling tool. It can adjust the working posture of the tool according to the deflection correction command issued by the control unit to achieve the purpose of vertical drilling. Generally, in order to achieve precise control of the drill bit, the guide unit is installed near the drill bit above the drill bit. Therefore, if you want to set the measurement while drilling unit near the drill bit, you need to consider integrating it with the guide unit and other related units, so as not to affect the deflection correction accuracy of the guide unit and realize the near-drill bit measurement function.

[0005] In summary, it is urgent to develop a near-drill-bit, non-stop, real-time downhole parameter measurement tool for vertical drilling tools to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a near-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool, comprising a housing, a spindle, a measuring mechanism, a guiding mechanism, a power supply and communication mechanism, and a control mechanism, wherein the measuring mechanism, the guiding mechanism, the power supply and communication mechanism, and the control mechanism are integrated on the housing, wherein:

[0009] The shell is cylindrical and has a plurality of chambers on its outer wall from top to bottom, and the shell does not rotate during drilling;

[0010] The main shaft is disposed in the hollow area of ​​the housing and is rotatably connected to the housing relative to the housing, the upper end of the main shaft is connected to the drill string and the lower end is connected to the drill bit;

[0011] The measuring mechanism includes at least one sensor and a measuring circuit disposed in a chamber of the housing;

[0012] The guide mechanism includes an actuator disposed in the chamber of the housing and a push wing capable of protruding outward under the drive of the actuator;

[0013] The power supply and communication mechanism includes a wiring compartment and a transmitter and a power circuit arranged in the compartment of the housing, a cable on one side of the transmitter extends into the wiring compartment and is connected to a cable of a downhole power supply system short section and a cable on the other side is connected to the power circuit, and the power circuit supplies power to the sensor, the measuring circuit and the control mechanism;

[0014] The control mechanism is arranged in the chamber of the shell and is connected to the measurement circuit and the power supply and communication mechanism. The control mechanism receives the measurement data collected by the measurement circuit, processes the measurement data, generates a signal for controlling the actuator of the guide mechanism, encodes the measurement data and transmits the encoded signal.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the multiple chambers of the shell include chambers located at four different heights, wherein the transmitter is arranged in the highest chamber, the at least one sensor, the measuring circuit, the power supply circuit and the control mechanism are arranged in the second highest chamber, the actuator is arranged in the third highest chamber, and the pushing wing is arranged in the lowest chamber.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the housing is provided with a plurality of chambers at the same height.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second highest chamber includes at least two chambers distributed along the circumferential direction of the shell, wherein the at least one sensor and the measuring circuit are arranged in the same chamber, and the power supply circuit and the control mechanism are arranged in another chamber.

[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one sensor includes an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor, and each of the sensors transmits collected data to the measurement circuit.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the accelerometer includes three accelerometers for measuring linear acceleration values ​​in three directions, and the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor for measuring bottom hole pressure parameter values ​​and a second pressure sensor for measuring guide pressure parameter values ​​of the actuator.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the actuator is a hydraulic actuator.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the measuring mechanism also includes a pressure compensator, which bears the bottom hole pressure. The first pressure sensor is connected to the oil storage bag of the hydraulic actuator through a hydraulic oil circuit. The inside and outside of the oil storage bag are filled with hydraulic oil. The bottom hole pressure obtained at the pressure compensator is transmitted to the hydraulic oil circuit through the pressure transmission effect of the hydraulic oil. The first pressure sensor measures the bottom hole pressure value by measuring the pressure of the hydraulic oil circuit.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second pressure sensor is connected to the output end of the hydraulic oil pump of the hydraulic actuator through a hydraulic oil circuit and measures the pressure of the hydraulic oil circuit as the pilot pressure value of the hydraulic actuator.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the chamber where the actuator is located is fluidically connected to the chamber where the pushing wing is located and a hydraulic chamber is formed. When receiving a driving signal from the control mechanism, the actuator changes the pressure in the hydraulic chamber and pushes the pushing wing to move radially.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the transmitter is a brush-type annular transmitter, and the brush-type annular transmitter comprises:

[0025] A stator installed in the chamber of the shell, wherein the stator remains relatively stationary with the shell during drilling;

[0026] A rotor mounted on the main shaft, wherein the rotor rotates with the main shaft during drilling;

[0027] A brush mounted on the stator contacts a slideway of the rotor.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the position of the wiring compartment is higher than the position of the compartment where the transmitter is located, and a reducing stepped shaft is arranged outside the upper end of the main shaft, and the reducing stepped shaft is connected to the short section of the downhole power supply system to form the wiring compartment.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable diameter step shaft has an outer step, and the downhole power supply system short section has an inner step. When the downhole power supply system short section is sleeved on the outer periphery of the variable diameter step shaft, the height of the outer step is lower than the height of the inner step and there is a gap between the two, and the gap forms the wiring compartment.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the wiring compartment is communicated with a through groove opened in the side wall of the downhole power supply system pup joint, and the through groove penetrates the side wall of the downhole power supply system pup joint.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a drilling fluid pressure regulating mechanism, which includes a drilling fluid pulse generator and a driving circuit. The driving circuit receives a level signal generated based on the coded signal from the control mechanism and drives the drilling fluid pulse generator to change the pressure of the drilling fluid in the drill string according to the level signal.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control mechanism communicates with the driving circuit via the transmitter.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the housing is supported on the main shaft via bearings, the main shaft rotates with the drill string, and the housing remains relatively still during drilling and does not rotate with the main shaft.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the position of the drill bit and the position of the measuring mechanism is less than 2 meters.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the data encoded by the control mechanism includes 8 parameters, and the 8 parameters include three linear acceleration values ​​in three directions measured by three accelerometers, the bottom hole pressure parameter value measured by the first pressure sensor, the guide pressure parameter value measured by the second pressure sensor, and the well inclination angle value and tool high side angle value calculated based on the three linear acceleration values.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a locking mechanism is further included, wherein the locking mechanism constrains the housing and the main shaft to rotate relative to each other.

[0037] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the near-drill bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool provided by the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: the near-drill bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool provided by the present invention consists of a bearing and a housing to form a relatively stationary and non-rotating stable measurement platform, and by using measuring instruments such as accelerometers, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors installed in the housing, real-time and accurate measurement near the drill bit can be achieved without stopping drilling, greatly improving the efficiency of the drilling project. At the same time, by optimizing and coordinating the position and structure of the measuring mechanism and the guiding mechanism, the precise inclination correction control of the drill bit by the vertical guiding system of the drilling tool can also be guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present invention but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 2 A partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of a near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0042] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of a near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in the figure, the near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool generally includes a housing 10, a spindle 20, a measuring mechanism 30, a steering mechanism 40, a power supply and communication mechanism 50, and a control mechanism 60, wherein the measuring mechanism 30, the steering mechanism 40, the power supply and communication mechanism 50, and the control mechanism 60 are integrated in the housing 10. The various components of the tool are described in detail below.

[0043] The shell 10 is cylindrical and has a hollow area. For example, the shell 10 can be composed of 8 planes distributed around the central axis. In this case, the cross-sectional outer contour of the shell 10 is octagonal. The shell 10 can have a cylindrical cavity. The outer wall of the shell 10 is provided with a plurality of chambers from top to bottom, some of which can be closed and some of which can be open structures. For example, Figure 1The housing 10 shown includes four chambers at different heights. The transmitter 54 is arranged in the highest chamber, at least one sensor 34, a measuring circuit 32, a power circuit 56 and a control mechanism 60 are arranged in the second highest chamber, the actuator 42 is arranged in the third highest chamber, and the push wing 44 is arranged in the lowest chamber. Moreover, multiple chambers can also be arranged at the same height position. For example, the second highest chamber can include at least two chambers distributed along the circumferential direction of the housing 10, wherein at least one sensor 34 and a measuring circuit 32 are arranged in the same chamber, and the power circuit 56 and the control mechanism 60 are arranged in another chamber. In addition, four chambers can also be arranged, and the sensors 34, the measuring circuit 32, the power circuit 56 and the control mechanism 60 are all arranged in different chambers. The housing 10 does not rotate during drilling.

[0044] The main shaft 20 is disposed in the hollow area of ​​the housing 10 and is connected to the housing 10 so as to be rotatable relative to the housing 10. For example, the main shaft 20 and the housing 10 may be engaged via a bearing 90. The upper end of the main shaft 20 is connected to the drill string and rotates with the drill string during drilling. The lower end of the main shaft 20 is connected to the drill bit BT to transmit the rotation to the drill bit BT. The main shaft 20 rotates with the drill string during drilling, while the housing 10 remains relatively stationary during drilling and does not rotate with the main shaft 20.

[0045] Through the above-mentioned structural arrangement, the bearing 90 and the housing 10 form a relatively stationary and non-rotating stable measurement platform, which can realize real-time measurement without stopping drilling, thereby improving measurement accuracy and production efficiency.

[0046] The measuring mechanism 30 is used to measure the relevant parameters in the well, and it generally includes a measuring circuit 32 and at least one sensor 34 arranged in the chamber of the housing 10. In some embodiments, the distance between the position of the drill bit BT and the position of the measuring mechanism 30 is less than 2 meters, that is, the zero length of the inclination measurement of the near-drill bit multi-parameter non-stop drilling real-time measuring mechanism is less than 2 meters, so as to ensure that the measured data is timely and accurate. At least one sensor 34 may include but is not limited to an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor, each of which transmits the collected data to the measuring circuit 32. The accelerometer may include three accelerometers respectively installed in three orthogonal directions for measuring the linear acceleration values ​​in three directions, one of the three orthogonal directions is the axial direction of the drilling tool, one direction is the normal direction of the installation plane, and one direction is the tangential direction of the installation plane. The measuring circuit 32 measures the linear acceleration values ​​of the drilling tool in three directions through the accelerometer, and transmits the measurement data to the control mechanism 60.

[0047] The measuring circuit 32 measures the bottom hole temperature through the temperature sensor and transmits the measured data to the control mechanism 60. The pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor for measuring the bottom hole pressure parameter value and a second pressure sensor for measuring the pilot pressure parameter value of the actuator. The measuring circuit 32 transmits the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor to the control mechanism 60.

[0048] The guide mechanism 40 is used to control the tool to correct the inclination, and may include an actuator 42 disposed in a chamber of the housing 10 and a push-up wing 44 that can protrude outward under the drive of the actuator 42. In some embodiments, the actuator 42 is a hydraulic actuator. The chamber where the actuator 42 is located is fluidically connected to the chamber where the push-up wing 44 is located and a hydraulic chamber is formed. When the actuator receives a driving signal from the control mechanism, the actuator changes the pressure in the hydraulic chamber and pushes the push-up wing 44 to move radially so as to protrude to the well wall and abut against the well wall to correct the inclination.

[0049] In the embodiment where the actuator 42 is a hydraulic actuator, the measuring mechanism 30 further includes a pressure compensator 36. The pressure compensator 36 bears the bottom hole pressure, and the first pressure sensor is connected to the oil storage bag of the hydraulic actuator 42 through the hydraulic oil circuit. The inside and outside of the oil storage bag are filled with hydraulic oil. Through the pressure transmission effect of the hydraulic oil, the bottom hole pressure obtained at the pressure compensator 36 is transmitted to the hydraulic oil circuit. The first pressure sensor measures the bottom hole pressure value by measuring the pressure of the hydraulic oil circuit. The second pressure sensor is connected to the output end of the hydraulic oil pump of the hydraulic actuator through the hydraulic oil circuit and measures the pressure of the hydraulic oil circuit as the guide pressure value of the hydraulic actuator.

[0050] The power supply and communication mechanism 50 is used to supply power to various components in the tool and transmit data signals upward, and may include a wiring compartment 52 and a transmitter 54 and a power circuit 56 disposed in the compartment of the housing 10 .

[0051] The wiring compartment 52 is used to provide wiring and accommodation space for the cables of the downhole power supply system short section PS and the transmitter 54. The position of the wiring compartment 52 is higher than the position of the compartment where the transmitter 54 is located. For example, a reducing step shaft 22 can be arranged outside the upper end of the main shaft 20, and the reducing step shaft 22 and the downhole power supply system short section PS are connected to form the wiring compartment 52. For example, the reducing step shaft 22 has an outer step, and the downhole power supply system short section PS has an inner step. When the downhole power supply system short section PS is sleeved on the outer periphery of the reducing step shaft 22, the height of the outer step is lower than the height of the inner step and there is a gap between the two, and the gap forms the wiring compartment 52. The wiring compartment 52 is connected to a through groove opened in the side wall of the downhole power supply system short section PS, and the through groove runs through the side wall of the downhole power supply system short section PS.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, it shows an enlarged view of the wiring compartment 52. The upper end of the main shaft 20 is designed with a stepped shaft 22 with a reduced diameter, and the outer diameter UD1 of the upper part of the stepped shaft 22 is smaller than the outer diameter DD1 of the lower part. Two sealing rings are arranged on the mating surface between the stepped shaft 22 and the downhole power supply system short section PS. The lower end of the downhole power supply system short section PS is designed as a stepped hole structure with a reduced diameter, and the upper inner diameter UD2 is smaller than the lower inner diameter DD2.

[0053] When the main shaft 20 and the short section PS are docked, the small diameter part UD1 of the reducing stepped shaft 22 at the upper end of the main shaft 20 cooperates with the small diameter part UD2 of the reducing stepped hole at the lower end of the short section PS and is sealed by two sealing rings. The large diameter part DD1 of the reducing stepped shaft 22 at the upper end of the main shaft 20 cooperates with the large diameter part DD2 of the reducing stepped hole at the lower end of the short section PS and is sealed by two sealing rings. The length of the small diameter part UD1 of the reducing stepped shaft 22 is greater than the length of the small diameter part UD2 of the reducing stepped hole at the lower end of the short section PS, and the length of the large diameter part DD1 of the reducing stepped shaft 22 is less than the length of the large diameter part DD2 of the reducing stepped hole at the lower end of the short section PS, thereby forming an annular cavity between the reducing stepped shaft at the upper end of the main shaft 20 and the reducing stepped hole at the lower end of the short section PS, which is the wiring compartment 52.

[0054] After the drilling tool is assembled, the wire connected to the transmitter 54 is led out from between the large diameter part DD1 and the small diameter part UD1 of the reducing stepped shaft 22, and the wire of the downhole power supply system is led out from between the large diameter DD2 and the small diameter part UD2 of the reducing stepped hole at the lower end of the short section PS. After the main shaft 20 is connected to the short section PS, the wires on both sides are led out from the wiring hole CH1 of the short section PS, manually welded and put back into the wiring compartment 52, and the wiring hole of the short section is sealed by the sealing wire plug CH2, thereby connecting the transmitter 54 to the short section PS of the downhole power supply system above.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cable on one side of the transmitter 54 extends into the wiring compartment 52 and is connected to the cable of the downhole power supply system short section PS, and the cable on the other side is connected to the power circuit 56. In one embodiment, the transmitter 54 can be a brush-type annular transmitter, which includes: a stator installed in the compartment of the shell, the stator remains relatively stationary with the shell during drilling; a rotor installed on the main shaft, the rotor rotates with the main shaft during drilling; a brush installed on the stator, the brush is in contact with the slideway of the rotor. The transmitter has two main functions: one function is to transmit the power generated by the downhole power supply system downward to the power circuit 56, and the other function is to transmit the parameter encoding signal generated by the control mechanism 60 upward to the drilling fluid pulser drive circuit 70.

[0056] The power circuit 56 provides the required power and voltage for all electrical devices such as the sensor 34, the measuring circuit 32 and the control mechanism 60. The downhole power supply system is integrated above the main shaft 30 of the drilling tool, and the power circuit 56 is connected to the downhole turbine generator to supply power to the electrical devices of the entire drilling tool.

[0057] The control mechanism 60 is arranged in the chamber of the housing 10 and is connected to the measurement circuit 32 and the power supply and communication mechanism 50. The control mechanism 60 may include a control circuit, which receives the measurement data collected by the measurement circuit 32, processes the measurement data, generates a signal for controlling the actuator of the guide mechanism 40, encodes the measurement data and transmits the encoded signal. Specifically, the data encoded by the control mechanism 60 includes 8 parameters, which include three linear acceleration values ​​in three directions measured by three accelerometers, a bottom hole pressure parameter value measured by a first pressure sensor, a guide pressure parameter value measured by a second pressure sensor, a well inclination angle value calculated based on the three linear acceleration values, and a tool high side angle value. In some embodiments, the control mechanism 60 may include a processor and a memory, the memory may store various parameters measured and calculated, and the processor may process various parameters measured by the measurement mechanism and calculate to form operation instructions to implement related operations.

[0058] In some embodiments, the near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool further includes a drilling fluid pressure regulating mechanism 70. The drilling fluid pressure regulating mechanism 70 may include a drilling fluid pulse generator and a driving circuit. The driving circuit receives a level signal generated based on the coded signal from the control mechanism 60 and drives the drilling fluid pulse generator to act according to the level signal to change the pressure of the drilling fluid in the drill string. The control mechanism 60 communicates with the driving circuit via the transmitter 54.

[0059] In one embodiment, the near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool further includes a locking mechanism 80 , which constrains the housing 10 and the main shaft 20 to rotate relative to each other.

[0060] The working process of the near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool of the present invention is as follows: when the drilling tool is drilling, the housing 10 is relatively stationary and does not rotate, and the main shaft 20 rotates with the drill string. The measuring circuit installed on the relatively stationary and stable measuring platform composed of the bearing and the housing 10 measures the linear acceleration values ​​of the drilling tool in three directions through the accelerometers 34 in three orthogonal directions, and transmits the measured data to the control mechanism 60. The control mechanism 60 obtains the well inclination angle value and the tool high side angle value through calculation; the control mechanism 60 determines the inclination correction direction according to the tool high side angle value, drives the hydraulic actuator 42 to extend the guide piston on the tool working surface in the corresponding direction, pushes out the push wings 44 at the corresponding position, and the push wings 44 push against the well wall and support on the well wall, while giving the drill a correction. The head provides a lateral force to return the drill bit to the vertical direction, thereby achieving deflection correction; the control circuit encodes a total of 8 parameters, including the well inclination angle value, the tool high side angle value, the vibration values ​​(acceleration values) in three directions, the bottom hole pressure value, the drilling tool hydraulic actuator guide pressure value, and the bottom hole temperature value, and converts the code into a level signal, which is transmitted to the drilling fluid pulser drive circuit. The drive circuit drives the pulse generator to generate an action according to the code, so that the drilling fluid pressure in the drill string changes, thereby generating a drilling fluid pressure signal. At the same time, the riser pressure sensor installed on the drill rig riser receives the drilling fluid pressure signal, thereby transmitting the 8 downhole parameters to the ground, so that the staff can monitor and judge the working conditions of the vertical drilling tool underground, and formulate corresponding measures for the problems encountered.

[0061] It can be known from the description of the above implementation mode that a person skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present application can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly contributed to the prior art in the form of a software product. In a typical configuration, the computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), an input / output interface, a network interface and a memory. The computer software product may include several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiment of the present application. The computer software product may be stored in a memory, which may include a non-permanent memory in a computer-readable medium, a random access memory (RAM) and / or a non-volatile memory in the form of a read-only memory (ROM) or a flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be used by any near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool or technology to implement information storage. The information may be a computer-readable instruction, a data structure, a module of a program or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transitory media such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0062] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the near-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool embodiment.

[0063] The present application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. The present application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected through a communication network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0064] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0065] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0066] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A near-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool, characterized in that: It comprises a housing, a spindle, a measuring mechanism, a guiding mechanism, a power supply and communication mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the measuring mechanism, the guiding mechanism, the power supply and communication mechanism and the control mechanism are integrated on the housing, wherein: The shell is cylindrical and has a plurality of chambers on its outer wall from top to bottom, and the shell does not rotate during drilling; The main shaft is disposed in the hollow area of ​​the housing and is rotatably connected to the housing relative to the housing, the upper end of the main shaft is connected to the drill string and the lower end is connected to the drill bit; The measuring mechanism includes at least one sensor and a measuring circuit disposed in a chamber of the housing; The guide mechanism includes an actuator disposed in the chamber of the housing and a push wing capable of protruding outward under the drive of the actuator; The power supply and communication mechanism includes a wiring compartment and a transmitter and a power circuit arranged in the compartment of the housing, a cable on one side of the transmitter extends into the wiring compartment and is connected to a cable of a downhole power supply system short section and a cable on the other side is connected to the power circuit, and the power circuit supplies power to the sensor, the measuring circuit and the control mechanism; The control mechanism is arranged in the chamber of the shell and is connected to the measurement circuit and the power supply and communication mechanism. The control mechanism receives the measurement data collected by the measurement circuit, processes the measurement data, generates a signal for controlling the actuator of the guide mechanism, encodes the measurement data and transmits the encoded signal.

2. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple chambers of the shell include chambers located at four different heights, wherein the transmitter is arranged in the highest chamber, the at least one sensor, the measuring circuit, the power supply circuit and the control mechanism are arranged in the second highest chamber, the actuator is arranged in the third highest chamber, and the pushing wing is arranged in the lowest chamber.

3. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shell body is provided with a plurality of chambers at the same height.

4. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The second highest chamber includes at least two chambers distributed along the circumferential direction of the shell, wherein the at least one sensor and the measuring circuit are arranged in the same chamber, and the power supply circuit and the control mechanism are arranged in another chamber.

5. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The at least one sensor includes an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor, and each of the sensors transmits collected data to the measurement circuit.

6. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The accelerometer includes three accelerometers for measuring linear acceleration values ​​in three directions, and the pressure sensor includes a first pressure sensor for measuring a bottom hole pressure parameter value and a second pressure sensor for measuring a guide pressure parameter value of the actuator.

7. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The actuator is a hydraulic actuator.

8. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The measuring mechanism also includes a pressure compensator, which bears the bottom hole pressure. The first pressure sensor is connected to the oil storage bag of the hydraulic actuator through a hydraulic oil circuit. The inside and outside of the oil storage bag are filled with hydraulic oil. The bottom hole pressure obtained at the pressure compensator is transmitted to the hydraulic oil circuit through the pressure transmission effect of the hydraulic oil. The first pressure sensor measures the bottom hole pressure value by measuring the pressure of the hydraulic oil circuit.

9. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second pressure sensor is connected to the output end of the hydraulic oil pump of the hydraulic actuator through a hydraulic oil circuit and measures the pressure of the hydraulic oil circuit as the pilot pressure value of the hydraulic actuator.

10. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The chamber where the actuator is located is fluidically connected with the chamber where the pushing wing is located and a hydraulic chamber is formed. When receiving a driving signal from the control mechanism, the actuator changes the pressure in the hydraulic chamber and pushes the pushing wing to move radially.

11. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmitter is a brush-type annular transmitter, and the brush-type annular transmitter comprises: A stator installed in the chamber of the shell, wherein the stator remains relatively stationary with the shell during drilling; A rotor mounted on the main shaft, wherein the rotor rotates with the main shaft during drilling; A brush mounted on the stator contacts a slideway of the rotor.

12. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 11, characterized in that: The position of the wiring compartment is higher than the position of the compartment where the transmitter is located. A reducing stepped shaft is arranged on the outer surface of the upper end of the main shaft. The reducing stepped shaft is connected to the short section of the underground power supply system to form the wiring compartment.

13. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and guidance integrated drilling tool according to claim 12, characterized in that: The variable diameter step shaft has an outer step, and the downhole power supply system short section has an inner step. When the downhole power supply system short section is sleeved on the outer periphery of the variable diameter step shaft, the height of the outer step is lower than the height of the inner step and there is a gap between the two, and the gap forms the wiring compartment.

14. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 13, characterized in that: The wiring compartment is communicated with a through slot provided in a side wall of the downhole power supply system short section, and the through slot passes through the side wall of the downhole power supply system short section.

15. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 11, characterized in that: It also includes a drilling fluid pressure regulating mechanism, which includes a drilling fluid pulse generator and a driving circuit. The driving circuit receives a level signal generated based on the coded signal from the control mechanism and drives the drilling fluid pulse generator to change the pressure of the drilling fluid in the drill string according to the level signal.

16. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 15, characterized in that: The control mechanism communicates with the drive circuit via the transmitter.

17. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing is supported on the main shaft via bearings. The main shaft rotates with the drill string. The housing remains relatively still during drilling and does not rotate with the main shaft.

18. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the position of the drill head and the position of the measuring mechanism is less than 2 meters.

19. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data encoded by the control mechanism includes 8 parameters, and the 8 parameters include three linear acceleration values ​​in three directions measured by three accelerometers, the bottom hole pressure parameter value measured by the first pressure sensor, the guide pressure parameter value measured by the second pressure sensor, and the well inclination angle value and tool high side angle value calculated based on the three linear acceleration values.

20. The near-drill-bit real-time measurement and steering integrated drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking mechanism is also included, which constrains the housing and the main shaft to rotate relative to each other.

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