Physical model experiment device and method for down-dip or counter-dip rock landslide

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster model tests, in particular to a physical model experiment device and method for a down-dip or counter-dip rock landslide, and the physical model experiment device comprises a landslide simulation system, an electric lifting system and a thrust loading system. The landslide simulation system is used for simulating the pouring of a landslide body and the instability failure process of the landslide body; the electric lifting system is used for changing the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame in the landslide simulation system to form an angle required in the test process; the thrust loading system is used for simulating the thrust of the rear edge of the slope body in the test process, so that the poured slope body is subjected to instability damage under the action of the thrust; through cooperation of the three systems, the test processes of model pouring, landslide thrust simulation and the like of a sample are achieved, the device integrates slope body pouring and landslide simulation tests, and the experimental simulation reliability is high. The problems of slope disturbance and slope simulation accuracy in the existing landslide simulation test process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster model tests, in particular to a physical model test device and a test method for a forward or reverse rock landslide. Background Art

[0002] The formation mechanism, influencing factors, movement characteristics and prediction of landslide disasters have always been hot issues for scholars at home and abroad. As a common geological disaster, landslide seriously threatens the safety of people's lives and property. It is very important to carry out landslide physical model test research. Landslide physical model test can be carried out indoors and can better reflect the geological characteristics of the landslide disaster. The results are relatively accurate, saving time and reducing the consumption of manpower and material resources. Therefore, indoor physical model tests are used by many researchers in landslide research.

[0003] At present, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted various studies on landslides through indoor physical model tests and have made certain progress, but the current sample preparation methods for landslide physical model test devices still have certain limitations. There are two common methods for preparing samples for existing rock landslide physical model test devices. One is to cast and solidify the landslide samples in the casting model box as needed, then take out the solidified samples and put them into the landslide model for landslide simulation experiments; the other is to directly use bricks to pile up the required landslide model in the landslide model for simulation experiments. The first method will cause certain disturbances to the slope when it is cast in the casting model box and then transported to the landslide model; although the second method avoids disturbances to the slope, the slope simulated by using bricks is not as accurate as the slope model simulated after casting in proportion.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rock landslide physical model device and method that integrates slope casting and landslide simulation tests to solve the problems of slope disturbance and slope simulation accuracy that occur during landslide simulation tests, thereby reducing the errors in the final slope model data caused by the slope sample preparation process in the landslide simulation test. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems of slope disturbance and slope simulation accuracy in the landslide simulation test process in the prior art, the present invention provides a physical model experimental device and an experimental method for a forward or reverse rock landslide.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide, comprising a landslide simulation system, an electric lifting system and a thrust loading system; The landslide simulation system is used for simulating the pouring of the landslide slope and the instability and destruction process of the slope, and comprises an outer frame, a sliding surface frame is arranged inside the outer frame, one end of the sliding surface frame is rotatably connected to the outer frame; a front baffle and a rear baffle are arranged inside the sliding surface frame; the bottom end of the front baffle is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding surface frame; a limiting structure is slidably arranged on the sliding surface frame, which is used to limit the rotation angle of the front baffle; the rear baffle is detachably connected to the sliding surface frame; a sliding surface bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the sliding surface frame; The lifting end of the electric lifting system is connected to the free end of the sliding surface frame, and is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame in the landslide simulation system so that the sliding surface frame forms the angle required during the test; The loading end of the thrust loading system is located outside the rear baffle of the sliding surface frame. During the test, thrust is applied to the cast slope, causing the cast slope to become unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust.

[0007] Optionally, a control system is also included, and the control system is electrically connected or communicatively connected to the electric lifting system and the thrust loading system.

[0008] Optionally, the limiting structure includes limiting screws slidably arranged on the sliding surface frame, and the limiting screws are arranged in two groups and are respectively arranged on both sides of the front baffle.

[0009] Optionally, a strip-shaped limiting hole is provided on the bottom surface of the sliding surface frame in the sliding direction, and the limiting screw passes through the strip-shaped limiting hole and slides in the strip-shaped limiting hole.

[0010] Optionally, the electric lifting system includes a translatable crane, a cable and a hook; the translatable crane is slidably arranged on an outer frame above the sliding surface frame, one end of the cable is connected to the lifting end of the translatable crane, and the other end of the cable is connected to the hook, and the hook hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame.

[0011] Optionally, baffles are provided on the sliding surface frames on both sides of the sliding surface bottom plate.

[0012] Optionally, the thrust loading system includes an angle adjustment frame, a driver, a servo motor and a jack; the angle adjustment frame is connected to an outer frame, an angle adjustment plate is rotatably and slidably connected inside the angle frame, the servo motor is arranged on the angle adjustment plate, and a power output end of the servo motor is connected to a jack; when thrust loading is performed, the power output end of the jack is against the rear end of the cast slope, applying thrust to the cast slope, so that the cast slope becomes unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust.

[0013] Optionally, a pressure sensor is provided at the power output end of the jack for monitoring the magnitude of the thrust applied by the jack.

[0014] Optionally, a reduction box is provided between the servo motor and the jack for power transmission, so as to control the stroke and thrust of the jack.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for conducting a physical model experiment of a forward or reverse rock landslide using the above-mentioned model experiment device, comprising: Adjust the angle of the front baffle so that the angle between it and the bottom plate of the sliding surface is equal to the slope angle; Adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame so that the angle between it and the plane is equal to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope; The test materials are prepared according to the proportions, and poured into the sliding surface frame according to the structure of the bedding rock, and solidified to form a simulated rock layer; Adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame again so that its thrust loading direction is consistent with the slope direction, and remove the front baffle and rear baffle; The loading direction of the thrust loading system is adjusted to be consistent with the slope direction, and thrust loading is performed according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust until the slope becomes unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide, wherein a landslide simulation system is provided, and an electric lifting system is assisted by the setting of an outer frame, a sliding surface frame, a limiting structure, a sliding surface bottom plate, a front baffle and a rear baffle of the landslide simulation system, so as to realize the casting of the landslide slope and the establishment of a model of the instability and failure process of the slope; and a loading system is provided so that a thrust is applied to the cast slope during the test, so that the cast slope is instability-destroyed under the thrust, and the test simulation is performed. The device integrates slope casting and landslide simulation test, has a simple structure, does not need to carry the cast model during the test, avoids the disturbance of the slope during the transportation process, adopts proportional sample casting instead of brick-moving and stacking method for simulation, and the whole test process has a high degree of automation, less human participation, and more accurate experimental results. The device has good versatility and can be applied to the physical model experiment of the forward or reverse rock landslide, and is more suitable for the research of the physical model experiment of indoor landslide.

[0017] The system also includes a control system, which is electrically connected or communicated with the electric lifting system and the thrust loading system. By setting the control system, electrical control of the electric lifting system and the thrust loading system is achieved, with a high degree of automation, low experimental operation difficulty, easy control, and higher reliability of experimental results.

[0018] The limiting structure includes a limiting screw slidably set on the sliding surface frame. The limiting screws are arranged in two groups and are arranged on both sides of the front baffle. By arranging a strip limiting hole in the sliding direction of the bottom surface of the sliding surface frame, the limiting screw is passed through the strip limiting hole and slides in the strip limiting hole to achieve adjustment and limitation of the angle of the front baffle. The structure is simple, without special and complicated processing structure, and the cost is low.

[0019] The electric lifting system includes a translatable crane, a cable and a hook; the hook hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame, and the translatable crane drags the free end of the sliding surface frame to rotate it to a certain angle to meet the test requirements. The structure is simple and the operation is convenient.

[0020] Baffles are provided on the sliding surface frames on both sides of the sliding surface bottom plate to prevent the slope from sliding out to both sides during the test, thereby ensuring the stability of the experimental process.

[0021] The thrust loading system includes an angle adjustment frame, a driver, a servo motor and a jack; the angle adjustment frame is connected to the outer frame, and the servo motor is connected to the angle adjustment frame; the servo motor provides power to the reduction box, and the reduction box controls the stroke and thrust of the jack; the pressure sensor is connected to the front of the jack, and after the jack starts to apply thrust, the pressure sensor accurately records the thrust applied by the jack.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for conducting a physical model experiment of a rock landslide in a forward or reverse direction using the above-mentioned model experiment device. When conducting a physical model experiment of a rock landslide in a forward direction, the angle between the front baffle plate and the bottom plate of the sliding surface is adjusted to be consistent with the slope angle; the angle of the sliding surface frame is adjusted according to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope, so that the angle of the sliding surface frame relative to the plane is equal to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope; the test materials are prepared according to the proportion, and the test materials are poured inside the sliding surface frame according to the structure of the rock layer in the forward direction, solidified, and a simulated rock layer is formed; the angle of the sliding surface frame is adjusted again to make the thrust loading direction consistent with the slope direction, and the front and rear baffle plates are removed; the loading direction of the thrust loading system is adjusted to be consistent with the slope direction; thrust loading is performed according to the landslide speed and the magnitude of the landslide thrust, and data is recorded until the slope is unstable and destroyed under the action of the thrust, and the landslide physical model experiment can be realized. When conducting a physical model experiment of a rock landslide in a reverse direction, it is only necessary to reversely adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame so that the angle of the sliding surface frame relative to the plane is equal to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope. This method is simple and easy to control, and can effectively reduce the error in the final slope model data caused by the slope sample preparation process in the landslide simulation test, making the test results more accurate and reliable, and providing a reliable basis for the prediction and research of subsequent landslide disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a physical model experimental device of a forward or reverse rock landslide of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 The present invention is a diagram of the internal and external framework of a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide.

[0026] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a sliding surface frame structure in a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide.

[0027] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thrust loading system in a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide.

[0028] Figure 6 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a method for experimenting on a physical model of a forward or reverse rock landslide.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the casting state of the physical model experimental device of the inclined rock landslide in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the casting state of the reverse-dip rock landslide physical model experimental device in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Among them, 1-landslide simulation system, 2-electric lifting system, 3-thrust loading system, 11-outer frame, 12-sliding surface frame, 13-front baffle, 14-rear baffle, 15-sliding surface bottom plate, 16-limiting screw, 17-strip limiting hole, 18-baffle, 19-hollow tube, 120-outer frame hole, 21-translationally movable crane, 22-cable, 23-hook, 31-angle adjustment frame, 32-driver, 33-servo motor, 34-reduction box, 35-jack, 36-pressure sensor, 37-angle adjustment plate, 38-adjustment plate limiting rod, 39-universal screw, 310-adjustment screw, 311-adjustment plate limiting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", which does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0039] Example 1 The invention discloses a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including a landslide simulation system 1, an electric lifting system 2, a thrust loading system 3 and a control system 4; See also Figure 3 and Figure 4The landslide simulation system 1 is used for simulating the pouring of the landslide slope and the instability and failure process of the slope, and includes an outer frame 11, a sliding surface frame 12 is arranged inside the outer frame 11, and one end of the sliding surface frame 12 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 11; a front baffle 13 and a rear baffle 14 are arranged inside the sliding surface frame 12; the bottom end of the front baffle 13 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding surface frame 12; a limiting structure is slidably arranged on the sliding surface frame 12, which is used to limit the rotation angle of the front baffle 13; the rear baffle 14 is detachably connected to the sliding surface frame 12; a sliding surface bottom plate 15 is arranged at the bottom of the sliding surface frame 12; The lifting end of the electric lifting system 2 is connected to the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, and is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12 in the landslide simulation system so that the sliding surface frame 12 forms the required angle during the test. It includes a translatable crane 21, a cable 22 and a hook 23; the translatable crane 21 is slidably arranged on the outer frame 11 above the sliding surface frame 12, one end of the cable 22 is connected to the lifting end of the translatable crane 21, and the other end of the cable 22 is connected to the hook 23, and the hook 23 hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame 12.

[0040] The loading end of the thrust loading system 3 is located on the outside of the rear baffle 14 of the sliding surface frame 12. During the test, thrust is applied to the cast slope, so that the cast slope is unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust. The system 3 includes an angle adjustment frame 31, a driver 32, a servo motor 33 and a jack 35; the angle adjustment frame 31 is connected to the outer frame 11, and an angle adjustment plate 37 is rotated and slidably connected inside the angle frame 31. The servo motor 33 is arranged on the angle adjustment plate 37, and the power output end of the servo motor 33 is connected to the jack 35 in turn; when thrust loading is performed, the power output end of the jack 35 is against the rear end of the cast slope, and thrust is applied to the cast slope, so that the cast slope is unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust.

[0041] The control system 4 is electrically or communicatively connected with the translatable crane 21 in the electric lifting system 2 and the driver 32 in the thrust loading system 3 to realize automatic control.

[0042] The device assists the electric lifting system 2 by setting the outer frame 11, sliding surface frame 12, limiting structure, sliding surface bottom plate 15, front baffle 13 and rear baffle 14 of the landslide simulation system 1, so as to realize the casting of the landslide slope and the establishment of the model of the slope instability and failure process; by setting the thrust loading system 3, the thrust is applied to the cast slope during the test, so that the cast slope is instable and destroyed under the thrust, and the test simulation is performed. The device integrates slope casting and landslide simulation test, has a simple structure, does not need to carry the cast model during the experiment, avoids the disturbance of the slope during the transportation process, and adopts proportional sample casting instead of brick moving and stacking for simulation. The whole test process has a high degree of automation, less human participation, and more accurate experimental results. The device has good versatility and can be applied to the physical model experiment of the inclined or reverse rock landslide, and is more suitable for the research of the physical model experiment of indoor landslide.

[0043] Example 2 The invention discloses a physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including a landslide simulation system 1, an electric lifting system 2, a thrust loading system 3 and a control system 4; See also Figure 3 and Figure 4The landslide simulation system 1 is used for casting a landslide slope and simulating the instability and failure process of the slope, and comprises an outer frame 11, a sliding surface frame 12 is arranged inside the outer frame 11, hollow tubes 19 are arranged at both ends of the sliding surface frame 12, and four outer frame holes 120 of equal height are correspondingly arranged on the outer frame 11, and the outer frame holes 120 are connected to the hollow tubes 19 by means of latches; when performing a landslide simulation experiment, when casting according to the slope of the rock layer, a hole 120 at one end of the outer frame is selected to be connected to the hollow tube 19. The tube 19 is rotatably connected by a latch; wherein the diameter of the latch, the diameter of the outer frame hole 120, and the inner diameter of the hollow tube 19 depend on whether the iron rod latch and the hollow tube can withstand the force applied by the entire sliding surface frame 12 and the landslide sample; optionally, the diameter of the latch, the diameter of the outer frame hole 120, and the inner diameter of the hollow tube 19 are all set to 30mm; a front baffle 13 and a rear baffle 14 are provided inside the sliding surface frame 12; the bottom end of the front baffle 13 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding surface frame 12, and optionally, the The front baffle 13 is provided with a hole at the position corresponding to the rotation connection at the bottom end of the sliding surface frame 12, and the corresponding holes are matched and connected by pins; the sliding surface frame 12 located on both sides of the front baffle 13 is provided with a strip-shaped limit hole 17, and two limit screws 16 are slidably arranged in the strip-shaped limit hole 17, and the limit screws 16 are located on both sides of the front baffle 13, and are used to limit the angle of the front baffle 13. Nuts are provided at both ends of the limit screw 16. Optionally, the diameter of the limit screw 16 here is set to 20mm; The rear baffle 14 is detachably connected to the sliding surface frame 12. Optionally, holes are provided at corresponding connection positions of the sliding surface frame 12 and the rear baffle 14, and then the corresponding pair of holes are connected by pins; a sliding surface bottom plate 15 is provided at the bottom of the sliding surface frame 12. Optionally, the hollow tube 19 is provided at the bottom of both ends of the sliding surface bottom plate 15; baffles 18 are respectively provided on both side surfaces of the outer frame 11 perpendicular to the front baffle 13. Optionally, the baffle 18 is an acrylic baffle to prevent the slope from sliding out to both sides during the test; The lifting end of the electric lifting system 2 is connected to the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, and is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12 in the landslide simulation system so that the sliding surface frame 12 forms the required angle during the test. It includes a translatable crane 21, a cable 22 and a hook 23; the translatable crane 21 is slidably arranged on the outer frame 11 above the sliding surface frame 12, one end of the cable 22 is connected to the lifting end of the translatable crane 21, and the other end of the cable 22 is connected to the hook 23, and the hook 23 hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame 12.

[0044] The loading end of the thrust loading system 3 is located on the outside of the rear baffle 14 of the sliding surface frame 12. During the test, thrust is applied to the cast slope, so that the cast slope is unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust. The system includes an angle adjustment frame 31, a driver 32, a servo motor 33, a reduction gearbox 34, a jack 35, a pressure sensor 36 and an angle adjustment plate 37; the angle adjustment frame 31 is connected to the outer frame 11, an angle adjustment plate 37 is arranged inside the angle frame 31, and adjustment plate limiting holes 311 are arranged on the angle frame 31 on both sides of the angle adjustment plate 37. The angle adjustment plate 37 is connected to an adjustment plate limiting rod 38, and the two ends of the adjustment plate limiting rod 38 respectively pass through the adjustment plate limiting holes 311 on both sides of the angle adjustment plate 37, and can rotate and slide in the adjustment plate limiting holes 311. The two ends of the adjustment plate limiting rod 38 The end is limited by a nut; an adjusting screw 310 is provided on the angle adjustment frame 31 along the movement direction of the adjustment plate limit rod 38, and the adjusting screw 310 passes through the side wall of the angle adjustment frame and is perpendicular to the adjustment plate limit rod 38, and the two are connected to each other; optionally, the angle adjustment frame 31 is provided with a plurality of universal screws 39 of equal height, and the extension direction of the universal screw is parallel to the adjusting screw 310, which is used in the experimental process to abut against the bottom of the angle adjustment plate 37; the servo motor 33 is arranged on the angle adjustment plate 37, and the power output end of the servo motor 33 is connected to the reduction box 34, the jack 35 and the pressure sensor 36 in sequence; when thrust loading is performed, the power output end of the jack 35 abuts against the rear end of the cast slope, applies thrust to the cast slope, and causes the cast slope to become unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust. Optionally, when applying thrust, a thrust baffle may be provided between the casting slope and the pressure sensor 36, wherein the shape of the thrust baffle is consistent with the inner diameter of the sliding surface frame 12, so that the tail of the slope may be subjected to relatively uniform thrust.

[0045] The control system 4 is electrically or communicatively connected with the translatable crane 21 in the electric lifting system 2 and the driver 32 in the thrust loading system 3 to realize automatic control.

[0046] The experimental device provided by the present invention can arbitrarily change the angle of the landslide model, and has the advantages of small impact and simplicity in making models of rock landslides with different angles or reverse tilts. It can study the damage relationship of rock landslides with different angles or reverse tilts, and is suitable for promotion in the field of landslide physical simulation test research. Secondly, the angle of the thrust loading system of the device can be adjusted at 0 to 45 degrees at will, so as to simulate the damage of the landslide under thrusts of different angles. By changing the thrust angle and observing the test results, the damage of the landslide under thrusts of different angles can be studied, and it has better versatility, operability and accuracy of simulation experiments.

[0047] See also Figure 6The present invention also provides a method for conducting a physical model experiment of a forward-dipping or reverse-dipping rock landslide using the above-mentioned model experiment device, comprising: When conducting a physical model experiment of a down-dipping rock landslide: S1: Adjust the angle of the front baffle 13 so that the angle between it and the sliding bottom plate 15 is equal to the slope angle; S2: Adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 so that the angle between it and the plane is equal to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope; S3: preparing test materials according to the proportions, and pouring the test materials into the sliding surface frame 12 according to the structure of the layered rock, solidifying them to form a simulated rock layer; S4: adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 again so that the thrust loading direction is consistent with the slope direction, and remove the front baffle 13 and the rear baffle 14; S5: adjusting the loading direction of the thrust loading system 3 to be consistent with the slope direction, and performing thrust loading according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust, until the slope is unstable and damaged under the thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment; When performing the reverse rock landslide physical model experiment, the angle direction of the sliding surface frame 12 is adjusted in the opposite direction to that of the forward rock landslide physical model experiment.

[0048] Example 3 See also Figure 7 When conducting a physical model experiment of a rock landslide in the forward direction, first, the limiting screw 16 is made to slide in the strip limiting hole 17 to drive the front baffle 13 to rotate, so that the angle between the front baffle 13 and the sliding surface bottom plate 15 is equal to the slope angle; then, the sliding surface frame 12 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 11 at one end away from the thrust loading system 3, and the translatable crane 21 is moved to the top of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, and the cable 22 is lowered to make the hook 23 hook the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, so that the angle θ between the sliding surface bottom plate 15 and the horizontal direction is equal to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope; when adjusting the angle of the sliding surface frame 12, the length of the sliding surface bottom plate 15 can be determined to be D, then when the sliding surface frame 12 is in the horizontal direction, the length of the cable 22 is taken as the starting point, and the length of the cable lowered is D*sinθ; adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 After that, keep the sliding surface frame 12 stable, prepare the test materials according to the ratio, and pour the test materials into the sliding surface frame 12 according to the structure of the bedding rock. After pouring each layer, wait for solidification, and then pour the next layer until the last layer is poured and solidified to form a simulated rock layer; adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 again to make its thrust loading direction consistent with the slope direction, remove the rear baffle 14 and the front baffle 13, adjust the adjusting screw 310 to make the adjusting plate limit rod 38 slide along the adjusting plate limit hole 311, adjust the angle of the angle adjusting plate 37 to make the loading direction of the thrust loading system 3 consistent with the slope direction, and carry out thrust loading according to the landslide speed and the magnitude of the landslide thrust, until the slope is unstable and destroyed under the action of the thrust, and the landslide physical model experiment is completed; during this period, the experimental data is saved.

[0049] Example 4 See also Figure 8 When conducting a physical model experiment of a reverse-tilt rock landslide, first, the limiting screw 16 is made to slide in the strip limiting hole 17 to drive the front baffle 13 to rotate, so that the angle between the front baffle 13 and the sliding surface bottom plate 15 is equal to the slope angle; then the sliding surface frame 12 is rotatably connected to the outer frame 11 at one end close to the thrust loading system 3, and the translatable crane 21 is moved to the top of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, and the cable 22 is lowered to make the hook 23 hook the free end of the sliding surface frame 12, so that the angle θ between the sliding surface bottom plate 15 and the horizontal direction is equal to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope; when adjusting the angle of the sliding surface frame 12, the length of the sliding surface bottom plate 15 can be determined to be D, then when the sliding surface frame 12 is horizontal, the length of the cable 22 is taken as the starting point, and the length of the cable lowered is D*sinθ; adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 After that, keep the sliding surface frame 12 stable, prepare the test materials according to the ratio, and pour the test materials into the sliding surface frame 12 according to the structure of the bedding rock. After pouring each layer, wait for solidification, and then pour the next layer until the last layer is poured and solidified to form a simulated rock layer; adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame 12 again to make its thrust loading direction consistent with the slope direction, remove the rear baffle 14 and the front baffle 13, adjust the adjusting screw 310 to make the adjusting plate limit rod 38 slide along the adjusting plate limit hole 311, adjust the angle of the angle adjusting plate 37 to make the loading direction of the thrust loading system 3 consistent with the slope direction, and carry out thrust loading according to the landslide speed and the magnitude of the landslide thrust, until the slope is unstable and destroyed under the action of the thrust, and the landslide physical model experiment is completed; during this period, the experimental data is saved.

[0050] In summary, the present invention provides a physical model experimental device and test method for a forward or reverse rock landslide, comprising a landslide simulation system 1, an electric lifting system 2 and a thrust loading system 3. The landslide simulation system 1 is used for casting a landslide slope and simulating the instability and failure process of the slope; the electric lifting system 2 is mainly used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame 12 in the landslide simulation system 1, so that the sliding surface frame forms the angle required in the test process; the thrust loading system 3 is used to apply a thrust to the slope from the rear edge of the slope during the test, so that the cast slope is instable and destroyed under the action of the thrust; through the coordinated cooperation of the three systems, the casting model of the sample, the landslide thrust simulation and other test processes are realized. The device integrates slope casting and landslide simulation tests, has a simple structure, and the entire test process has a high degree of automation. It can effectively reduce the error of the final slope model data in the slope sample production process in the landslide simulation test, and has good versatility. It can be applied to the physical model experiment of the forward or reverse rock landslide, and provide a reliable basis for the prediction and research of subsequent landslide disasters.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to impose any limitation on the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, the technical solution can also be subjected to several simple modifications and substitutions, and these modifications and substitutions are also within the scope of protection covered by the claims.

Claims

1. A physical model experimental device for a forward or reverse rock landslide, characterized in that: It includes a landslide simulation system (1), an electric lifting system (2) and a thrust loading system (3); The landslide simulation system (1) is used for simulating the pouring of a landslide slope and the instability and failure process of the slope, and comprises an outer frame (11), wherein a sliding surface frame (12) is arranged inside the outer frame (11), and one end of the sliding surface frame (12) is rotatably connected to the outer frame (11); a front baffle (13) and a rear baffle (14) are arranged inside the sliding surface frame (12); the bottom end of the front baffle (13) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding surface frame (12); a limiting structure is slidably arranged on the sliding surface frame (12) for limiting the rotation angle of the front baffle (13); the rear baffle (14) is detachably connected to the sliding surface frame (12); and a sliding surface bottom plate (15) is arranged at the bottom of the sliding surface frame (12); The lifting end of the electric lifting system (2) is connected to the free end of the sliding surface frame (12) and is used to change the height of the free end of the sliding surface frame (12) in the landslide simulation system so that the sliding surface frame (12) forms a required angle during the test process; The loading end of the thrust loading system (3) is located outside the rear baffle (14) of the sliding surface frame (12). During the test, thrust is applied to the cast slope, causing the cast slope to become unstable and fail under the action of the thrust.

2. The physical model experimental device for the forward or reverse rock landslide according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a control system (4), wherein the control system (4) is electrically connected or communicatively connected to the electric lifting system (2) and the thrust loading system (3).

3. The physical model experimental device for the inclined or reverse inclined rock landslide according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The limiting structure comprises limiting screws (16) slidably arranged on the sliding surface frame (12), wherein the limiting screws (16) are arranged in two groups and are respectively arranged on two sides of the front baffle (13).

4. The physical model experimental device for the inclined or reverse inclined rock landslide according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A strip-shaped limiting hole (17) is provided on the bottom surface of the sliding surface frame (12) in the sliding direction, and the limiting screw (16) passes through the strip-shaped limiting hole (17) and slides in the strip-shaped limiting hole (17).

5. The physical model experimental device for the inclined or reverse inclined rock landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric lifting system (2) comprises a translatable crane (21), a cable (22) and a hook (23); the translatable crane (21) is slidably arranged on an outer frame (11) above a sliding surface frame (12); one end of the cable (22) is connected to a lifting end of the translatable crane (21); the other end of the cable (22) is connected to the hook (23); and the hook (23) hooks the free end of the sliding surface frame (12).

6. The physical model experimental device for the inclined or reverse inclined rock landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Baffles (18) are provided on the sliding surface frames (12) on both sides of the sliding surface bottom plate (15).

7. The physical model experimental device for the inclined or reverse inclined rock landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thrust loading system (3) comprises an angle adjustment frame (31), a driver (32), a servo motor (33) and a jack (35); the angle adjustment frame (31) is connected to the outer frame (11); an angle adjustment plate (37) is rotatably and slidably connected inside the angle frame (31); the servo motor (33) is arranged on the angle adjustment plate (37); and the power output end of the servo motor (33) is connected to the jack (35); when thrust loading is performed, the power output end of the jack (35) abuts against the rear end of the cast slope body, exerting thrust on the cast slope body, so that the cast slope body is destabilized and damaged under the action of the thrust.

8. The physical model experimental device for the inclined or reverse inclined rock landslide according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pressure sensor (36) is provided at the power output end of the jack (35) for monitoring the magnitude of the thrust applied by the jack (35).

9. The physical model experimental device for the inclined or reverse inclined rock landslide according to claim 7, characterized in that: A reduction box (34) is provided between the servo motor (33) and the jack (33) for power transmission, and is used to control the stroke and thrust of the jack (33).

10. A method for conducting a physical model experiment of a forward or reverse rock landslide using the model experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Adjusting the angle of the front baffle (13) so that the angle between it and the sliding bottom plate (15) is equal to the slope angle; Adjusting the angle of the sliding surface frame (12) so that the angle between it and the plane is equal to the inclination angle of the rock layer of the slope; The test material is prepared according to the proportion, and poured into the sliding surface frame (12) according to the structure of the layered rock, and solidified to form a simulated rock layer; Adjust the angle of the sliding surface frame (12) again so that the thrust loading direction is consistent with the slope direction, and remove the front baffle (13) and the rear baffle (14); The loading direction of the thrust loading system (3) is adjusted to be consistent with the slope direction, and thrust loading is performed according to the landslide velocity and the magnitude of the landslide thrust until the slope becomes unstable and damaged under the action of the thrust, thus completing the landslide physical model experiment.

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