A multi-dimensional random number generator and a multi-dimensional random number generation method

Abstract

The application discloses a multidimensional random number generator and a multidimensional random number generation method, wherein the multidimensional random number generator includes a single photon source, a polarization beam splitter, a 50:50 beam splitter, a first single photon detector, a second single photon detector, a third single photon detector, a photon counter, and a control processing module. The application completes the extraction and transformation of polarization-related randomness, path-related randomness, and time-related randomness in the same system, generates a quantum random number sequence based on multiple principles, and generates a multidimensional quantum random number sequence through a characteristic joint encoding method, which has higher randomness and does not require additional chip hardware to provide computing power and post-processing operations. The process is simpler, more efficient, and more stable. In addition, the multidimensional random number generator provided by the application has a simpler and more compact structure, which improves the entropy source utilization efficiency and device damage resistance of the quantum random number generator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of quantum information, and specifically, relates to a multi-dimensional random number generator and a multi-dimensional random number generation method. Background Art

[0002] Random numbers refer to a set of digital sequences whose generation process is completely unpredictable and each number is generated completely randomly without any identifiable pattern or regularity. These numbers appear randomly, that is, their specific values ​​cannot be determined before they are generated. They have the characteristics of unpredictability, statistical randomness, unbiasedness, independence, and uniform distribution. Random numbers are widely used in scientific research, cryptography and information security, game development and other fields.

[0003] According to the source of randomness, the existing random number generators can be divided into two categories: pseudo-random number generators and true random number generators. Pseudo-random number generators are random number generators based on algorithms. Fixed inputs will inevitably have fixed outputs. If the initial value of the input (or "seed") is made public, then every bit of the generated random sequence can be inferred, and it is obviously not unpredictable.

[0004] The random number generator based on physical noise is a typical true random number generator. This type of random number generator uses noise signals in some physical processes (such as chaotic lasers and circuit jitter) to generate random numbers, and has good randomness and uniformity. Even so, the same input will still have the same output, and the operating state of the system is completely determined by the initial conditions, so the random numbers generated by the random number generator based on physical noise are still reproducible in theory.

[0005] At present, only quantum processes can theoretically generate completely unpredictable random sequences. Since the use of random reflection and transmission of single photons through beam splitters to generate random numbers in 2000, various quantum random number generator (ORNG) designs have been proposed, and many have been gradually put into practical use. Since the randomness of the measurement results in ORNG is based on the measurement hypothesis of quantum mechanics, it is an uncertain process in theory, so ORNG is currently the only physical true random number generator.

[0006] The current prior art random number generation method based on light source mainly includes:

[0007] (1) Using an attenuated light source to illuminate two detectors, one detector makes a judgment based on time measurement, and the other detector outputs a random number after the judgment is confirmed;

[0008] (2) Source-independent random number generator, which can generate reliable random numbers by controlling the detection end even if the entropy source is controlled;

[0009] (3) Output random digital stream through unpredictable thermal light source.

[0010] The above-mentioned random number generation method based on light source can only output one-dimensional random numbers and cannot simultaneously generate high-dimensional random numbers, that is, multi-dimensional quantum random number sequences.

[0011] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a multidimensional random number generator and a multidimensional random number generation method, which utilizes the randomness of single photons in multiple dimensions such as time, path, polarization, etc., adopts the same single photon source in the same system, generates quantum random number sequences based on multiple principles, and generates multidimensional quantum random number sequences through a characteristic joint coding method, thereby further improving the randomness of the obtained random number sequence; the processing process is simple, eliminating the complicated post-processing process; at the same time, the entropy source utilization efficiency and device damage resistance of the quantum random number generator are improved. Summary of the invention

[0012] In order to solve the problem that the quantum random number generator in the prior art cannot generate high-dimensional random numbers, the present application provides a multi-dimensional random number generator and a multi-dimensional random number generation method, the specific scheme of which is as follows:

[0013] The present application discloses a multi-dimensional random number generator, including a single photon source, a polarization beam splitter, a 50:50 beam splitter, a first single photon detector, a second single photon detector, a third single photon detector, a photon counter, and a control processing module;

[0014] The output end of the single photon source is connected to the input end of the polarization beam splitter, so as to provide a linearly polarized single photon and input it into the polarization beam splitter;

[0015] The polarization beam splitter comprises an output upper end and an output lower end, and is used for outputting an incident linearly polarized single photon from its output upper end with a probability of 50% and from its output lower end with a probability of 50%;

[0016] The 50:50 beam splitter comprises an input end, an output upper end and an output lower end, wherein the input end of the 50:50 beam splitter is connected to the output upper end of the polarization beam splitter, and is used to receive photons output from the output upper end of the polarization beam splitter and output them from the output upper end with a probability of 50%, and output them from the output lower end with a probability of 50%;

[0017] The first single-photon detector is connected to the output lower end of the polarization beam splitter, and is used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter. The second single-photon detector is connected to the output lower end of the 50:50 beam splitter, and is used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter. The third single-photon detector is connected to the output upper end of the 50:50 beam splitter, and is used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter.

[0018] The photon counter is used to count the photoelectric signals within a specific time window and send the statistical results to the control processing module;

[0019] The control processing module is electrically connected to the photon counter and the single photon source respectively, and is used to analyze and process the statistical results of the photon counter on the first single photon detector and the statistical results of the second single photon detector and the third single photon detector, and convert them into a first multidimensional quantum random number sequence.

[0020] Furthermore, the single-photon source may include a laser, a polarizer and an optical attenuator connected in sequence; the laser is used to emit continuous laser or pulsed laser; the polarizer is located at the output end of the laser, and is used to convert the laser output by the laser into linearly polarized light; the optical attenuator is located at the output end of the polarizer, and is used to attenuate the linearly polarized light to the single-photon level.

[0021] Furthermore, the polarization beam splitter includes a fiber polarization beam splitter, the 50:50 beam splitter includes a 50:50 fiber beam splitter, the single photon source and the polarization beam splitter are connected via a polarization-maintaining fiber, and the angle between the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber and the polarization transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter is 45°.

[0022] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional random number generator also includes a low-temperature platform, and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are all superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, and are all arranged in the low-temperature platform.

[0023] Furthermore, the single photon source may also include an on-chip laser, a spot converter, a straight waveguide and a microring waveguide, and a photon filter connected in sequence; the on-chip laser is used to generate a pump laser, and transmit the pump laser to the straight waveguide through the spot converter, the microring waveguide is located on one side of the straight waveguide and forms a microring resonator with one section of the straight waveguide, the microring resonator is used to receive the pump laser, generate a four-wave mixing effect and generate photon pairs which are output from the straight waveguide to the photon filter, the photon filter is used to filter the photon pairs generated by the microring resonator, and finally output one of the photons.

[0024] Furthermore, the polarization beam splitter includes an on-chip polarization beam splitter, the 50:50 beam splitter includes an on-chip directional coupler, the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are all single-photon avalanche diodes, and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are integrated into the same detector chip.

[0025] Furthermore, the polarization beam splitter and the 50:50 beam splitter are integrated into the same entropy source optical chip, the on-chip laser, the mode spot converter, the straight waveguide and the microring waveguide, and the photon filter are integrated into the same single photon source chip, the control processing module includes a control processing chip, and the single photon source chip, the entropy source optical chip, the detector chip and the control processing chip form a stacked packaging structure by flip-chip bonding or wire bonding.

[0026] Preferably, the photon counter also includes a time-correlated counter module, which is connected to the output ends of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector, and is used to process the photogenerated electrical signals output by the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector to obtain time difference information between the two, and send the time difference information to the control processing module. The control processing module generates a quantum random number sequence according to the time difference information, and generates a second multidimensional quantum random number sequence in combination with the first multidimensional quantum random number sequence.

[0027] The present application also discloses a multi-dimensional random number generation method, which is applied to the multi-dimensional random number generator described above, and the method comprises:

[0028] The control processing module controls the single photon source to be turned on, so that the single photon source periodically outputs linearly polarized single photons;

[0029] A single photon entering the polarization beam splitter is output from the upper output end or the lower output end of the polarization beam splitter with a probability of 50%;

[0030] The photons output from the upper output end of the polarization beam splitter enter the 50:50 beam splitter and are output from the upper output end or the lower output end of the 50:50 beam splitter with a probability of 50% each;

[0031] The photons output from the lower output end of the polarization beam splitter enter the first single-photon detector, the photons output from the lower output end of the 50:50 beam splitter enter the second single-photon detector, and the photons output from the upper output end of the 50:50 beam splitter enter the third single-photon detector;

[0032] The first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector convert the received photon signals into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter;

[0033] The photon counter generates a first statistical sequence according to the photogenerated electrical signal of the first single-photon detector and sends it to the control processing module, and generates a second statistical sequence according to the photogenerated electrical signals of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector and sends it to the control processing module;

[0034] The control processing module generates a first quantum random number sequence according to the first statistical sequence, generates a second quantum random number sequence according to the second statistical sequence, and then performs XOR processing on the first quantum random number sequence and the second quantum random number sequence to obtain a third quantum random number sequence.

[0035] Preferably, the photon counter in the above-mentioned multi-dimensional random number generator further includes a time-correlated counter module, and the time-correlated photon counter module is connected to the output ends of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector;

[0036] The time-correlated photon counter module processes the photogenerated electrical signals output by the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector to obtain the time difference information between the two, and sends the time difference information to the control processing module. The control processing module generates a fourth quantum random number sequence according to the time difference information, and then performs XOR processing on the third quantum random number sequence and the fourth quantum random number sequence to obtain a fifth quantum random number sequence.

[0037] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0038] Based on the above scheme, it can be known that the present application completes the extraction and transformation of polarization-related randomness, path-related randomness and time-related randomness in the same system, generates a quantum random number sequence based on multiple principles, and generates a multi-dimensional quantum random number sequence through a method of joint coding of characteristics. Relative to the quantum random number generation scheme in the prior art, the quantum random number sequence generated by the present application has multiple dimensions and higher randomness. The quantum random number generation scheme in the prior art generally requires a complex post-processing process, such as the Toeplitz matrix algorithm and other methods to process the original random number sequence, which requires additional computing power and hardware support; the multi-dimensional random number generation method provided by the present application does not require additional chip hardware to provide computing power and post-processing operations, and the process is simpler, more efficient and stable. In addition, the extraction and transformation of the randomness of the three dimensions in the present application only needs to reuse the same single photon source, and the structure is simpler and more compact, which improves the entropy source utilization efficiency and anti-device damage ability of the quantum random number generator. And even if there is an abnormality in the quantum random number generation process of one dimension during use, a quantum random number sequence that meets the requirements can still be output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-dimensional random number generator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a single photon source provided in this application;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another multi-dimensional random number generator provided by this application;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber provided in this application;

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another single photon source provided in this application;

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of another multi-dimensional random number generator provided in this application;

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the packaging structure of a multi-dimensional random number generator provided in this application;

[0047] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a first quantum random number sequence generation method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a second quantum random number sequence generation method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a fourth quantum random number sequence generation method provided in an embodiment of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application, but the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0052] In view of the problem that the quantum random number generator in the prior art cannot provide high-dimensional quantum random numbers, the present application proposes a multi-dimensional random number generator and a multi-dimensional random number generation method, which are described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0053] Specifically, Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a multidimensional random number generator provided in an embodiment of the present application, the multidimensional random number generator includes a single photon source, a polarization beam splitter, a 50:50 beam splitter, a first single photon detector, a second single photon detector, a third single photon detector, a photon counter, and a control processing module.

[0054] The output end of the single-photon source is connected to the input end of the polarization beam splitter, and the single-photon source provides a linearly polarized single photon to the polarization beam splitter.

[0055] The polarization beam splitter includes three ports: input port, output upper port and output lower port. The polarization beam splitter has a polarization transmission direction and a polarization reflection direction, which are perpendicular to each other. When the polarization direction of the photon is parallel to the polarization transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter, the photon will be transmitted through the polarization beam splitter and output from its output upper port; when the polarization direction of the photon is parallel to the polarization reflection direction of the polarization beam splitter, the photon will be reversed by the polarization beam splitter and output from its output lower port. By setting the angle between the polarization direction of the photon output by the single-photon source and the polarization transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter to 45°, the single photon entering the polarization beam splitter can be output from its output upper port with a probability of 50% and from its output lower port with a probability of 50%.

[0056] The 50:50 beam splitter also includes an input end, an upper output end, and a lower output end. The transmittance of a 50:50 beam splitter to any photon is 50%, that is, any single photon will be output from its upper output end with a 50% probability and from its lower output end with a 50% probability when passing through the 50:50 beam splitter. The input end of the 50:50 beam splitter is connected to the upper output end of the polarization beam splitter. Photons that pass through the polarization beam splitter and input the 50:50 beam splitter will be output from its upper output end or lower output end with equal probability.

[0057] The first single-photon detector is connected to the output lower end of the polarization beam splitter. The first single-photon detector receives photons reflected from the polarization beam splitter, generates a photogenerated electrical signal (such as a high-level pulse) and sends it to the photon counter. The second single-photon detector is connected to the output lower end of the 50:50 beam splitter, used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter. The third single-photon detector is connected to the output upper end of the 50:50 beam splitter, used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter. All three single-photon detectors are electrically connected to the photon counter.

[0058] The photon counter is used to count the photogenerated electrical signals within a specific time window and send the statistical results to the control processing module. The single photon sequence provided by the single photon source is periodic. Assuming that one photon is output in each time period T, the photon counter counts and counts the photons of the three single photon detectors in each time period T.

[0059] The control processing module is electrically connected to the photon counter and the single photon source, respectively, and is used to analyze and process the statistical results of the photon counter on the first single photon detector and the statistical results of the second single photon detector and the third single photon detector, and convert them into a multi-dimensional quantum random number sequence. The control processing module is electrically connected to the photon counter and the single photon source, respectively, and also ensures that the time period of the single photon source and the photon counter can be synchronized, that is, it ensures that the single photon emitted by the single photon source in each time period T can be responded in any single photon detector. Figure 1 The dashed line connection in the figure represents an electrical connection; the solid line connection represents an optical path connection. Similarly, the dashed line connection in other figures represents an electrical connection; the solid line connection represents an optical path connection.

[0060] The control processing module generates a set of random number sequences according to the statistical count of the first single-photon detector by the photon counter; generates another set of random number sequences according to the statistical results of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector; and then the control processing module performs an XOR operation on the two sets of random number sequences to obtain a new set of random number sequences, namely, multidimensional quantum random numbers (first multidimensional quantum random numbers).

[0061] Furthermore, the single photon source in the present application may be a single photon source composed of a spatial optical device. Figure 2As shown, in one embodiment of the present application, a single photon source may include a laser, a polarizer, and an optical attenuator connected in sequence. The laser is used to emit continuous laser or pulsed laser. The laser emitted by the laser may be linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light, or light with a random polarization direction. Generally, the laser emitted by a laser has a certain polarization law. The polarizer is located at the output end of the laser, and converts the laser output by the laser into linearly polarized light with a fixed polarization direction. The optical attenuator is located at the output end of the polarizer, and is used to attenuate the linearly polarized light to a single photon level. That is, the light output from the optical attenuator is a single photon with a fixed polarization direction.

[0062] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of the present application, the polarization beam splitter can be a fiber polarization beam splitter, and the 50:50 beam splitter can be a 50:50 fiber beam splitter, that is, the main optical path devices in the present application are all fiber optic devices, the fiber optic device technology and performance are relatively mature, and the coupling connection method between the laser is also relatively mature and stable.

[0063] The single photon source and the polarization beam splitter are connected by a polarization-maintaining fiber. The angle between the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber and the polarization transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter is 45°. Figure 4 As shown. Polarization-maintaining optical fiber includes a core, two stress cores, a cladding, a coating layer, and a sheath. The axis connecting the two stress cores is the slow axis. The polarization direction of the photons output by the single-photon source is parallel to the slow axis (it can also be parallel to the fast axis, the effect is the same), ensuring that the polarization direction of the single photon remains stable during the light transmission process.

[0064] At this time, the polarization beam splitter is a 45° optical fiber polarization beam splitter, and the angle between the polarization direction of the photon output by the single-photon source and the polarization transmission direction of the 45° optical fiber polarization beam splitter is 45°, which can make the single photon entering the polarization beam splitter be output from its upper output end with a probability of 50% and be output from its lower output end with a probability of 50%.

[0065] The upper end of the polarization beam splitter output can be connected to the 50:50 beam splitter through a polarization-maintaining fiber, and the lower end of the polarization beam splitter output can be connected to the first single-photon detector through a polarization-maintaining fiber to ensure the stability of the transmission of the photons output by the polarization beam splitter in the subsequent optical path. At this time, the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber connected to the output end of the polarization beam splitter must be parallel to the polarization direction of the corresponding photon.

[0066] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional random number generator also includes a cryogenic platform, and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are all superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, and are all arranged in the cryogenic platform. The three single-photon detectors are all superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, which ensures the sensitivity and accuracy of the single-photon detection part, and reduces the probability of missed detection and misdetection.

[0067] In other embodiments of the present application, the single photon source may be a single photon source chip composed of on-chip integrated optical devices. In this case, the single photon source chip includes an on-chip laser, a mode spot converter, a straight waveguide and a micro-ring waveguide, and a photon filter connected in sequence, such as Figure 5 As shown. All devices are integrated in a single photon source chip. The on-chip laser can be a laser diode composed of a PN structure. The laser diode generates a pump laser with a wide laser emission angle. The light energy is guided to a straight waveguide through a mode spot converter. The microring waveguide is located on one side of the straight waveguide and forms a microring resonator with one section of the straight waveguide. The microring resonator is used to receive the pump laser, generate a four-wave mixing effect, and generate photon pairs (with a specific polarization direction) and output them from the straight waveguide to the photon filter. The photon filter is used to select and filter the photon pairs generated by the microring resonator and finally output one of the photons.

[0068] The photonic filter integrated on-chip can be an MZ interferometer, such as Figure 5 As shown, by modulating the MZ interferometer, photons of specific wavelength and polarization direction are output, while the other photon in the photon pair is dissipated at the other port of the MZ interferometer and cannot be output from the output end of the single photon source chip.

[0069] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the polarization beam splitter is an on-chip polarization beam splitter, the 50:50 beam splitter is an on-chip directional coupler, the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are all single-photon avalanche diodes, and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are integrated into the same detector chip. That is, in this embodiment, the main optical path devices are all on-chip devices and can be integrated into an optical chip, such as Figure 6 As shown. This setting makes the entire system smaller and more compact. Compared with space devices, the photon propagation path is shorter, the process is more stable, and the polarization state is less susceptible to interference. In addition, the manufacturing cost of the entire system is lower than that of space devices, making it easier to achieve mass production and commercialization.

[0070] refer to Figure 6 The device combination and connection method of the multi-dimensional quantum random number generator shown in the figure, in the actual design and manufacturing process, the polarization beam splitter and the 50:50 beam splitter can be integrated into the same entropy source optical chip, the on-chip laser, the mode spot converter, the straight waveguide and the micro-ring waveguide, and the photon filter can be integrated into the same single-photon source chip, the control processing module can be a control processing chip, and the single-photon source chip, the entropy source optical chip, the detector chip, and the control processing chip can form a stacked packaging structure by flip-chip bonding or wire bonding, such as Figure 7As shown. The stacked package structure is finally fixed on a circuit board and connected to the photon counter through the circuit board to form a complete multi-dimensional quantum random number generator. At present, photon counter products are available in the following forms: boxed electronic instruments, circuit board cards, and SIP chips. In order to further improve the integration of the multi-dimensional quantum random number generator, a high-cost photon counter in the form of a SIP chip (i.e., a photon counter chip) can be selected and packaged together with a single photon source chip, an entropy source optical chip, a detector chip, and a control processing chip on a circuit board, and the multi-dimensional quantum random number generator is implemented in the form of a circuit board card.

[0071] Preferably, the photon counter in the present application also includes a time-correlated counter module, which is connected to the output ends of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector. The time-correlated counter module processes the photoelectric signals output by the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector in each time period T to obtain the time difference information between the two, and sends the time difference information to the control processing module, which generates a set of quantum random number sequences based on the time difference information. This set of quantum random number sequences can be XORed with the aforementioned first multi-dimensional quantum random number to obtain a higher-dimensional quantum random number sequence (second multi-dimensional quantum random number).

[0072] Based on the multidimensional quantum random number generator provided in the embodiment of the present application, the present application also provides a multidimensional random number generation method, including:

[0073] The control processing module controls the single photon source to be turned on, so that the single photon source periodically outputs linearly polarized single photons;

[0074] A single photon entering the polarization beam splitter is output from the upper output end or the lower output end of the polarization beam splitter with a probability of 50%;

[0075] The photons output from the upper output end of the polarization beam splitter enter the 50:50 beam splitter and are output from the upper output end or the lower output end of the 50:50 beam splitter with a probability of 50% each;

[0076] The photons output from the lower output end of the polarization beam splitter enter the first single-photon detector, the photons output from the lower output end of the 50:50 beam splitter enter the second single-photon detector, and the photons output from the upper output end of the 50:50 beam splitter enter the third single-photon detector;

[0077] The first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector convert the received photon signals into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter;

[0078] The photon counter generates a first statistical sequence according to the photogenerated electrical signal of the first single-photon detector and sends it to the control processing module, and generates a second statistical sequence according to the photogenerated electrical signals of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector and sends it to the control processing module;

[0079] The control processing module generates a first quantum random number sequence according to the first statistical sequence, generates a second quantum random number sequence according to the second statistical sequence, and then performs XOR processing on the first quantum random number sequence and the second quantum random number sequence to obtain a third quantum random number sequence.

[0080] by Figure 8 Take the generation method of the first quantum random number sequence based on polarization randomness as an example. If the photon counter detects the photogenerated electrical signal of the first single-photon detector, while the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector do not detect the photogenerated electrical signal, then the control processing module records the count as the number "1"; conversely, if the photon counter does not detect the photogenerated electrical signal of the first single-photon detector, but one of the second single-photon detector or the third single-photon detector detects the photogenerated electrical signal, then the control processing module records the count as the number "0". After multiple cycles (more than 10 in actual products), the photon counter will be counted as "0". 6 By statistics of periods T), we can get the first quantum random number sequence 1001000001.

[0081] by Fig. 9 Take the following as an example to illustrate the method for generating the second quantum random number sequence based on path randomness. If the photon counter detects the photoelectric signal of the second single-photon detector but does not detect the photoelectric signal of the third single-photon detector, the control processing module will record the count as the number "1"; if the photon counter does not detect the photoelectric signal of the second single-photon detector but detects the photoelectric signal of the third single-photon detector, the control processing module will record the count as the number "0". After multiple cycles (more than 10 in actual products), the photon counter will be counted as "0". 6 By statistics of periods T), we can get the second quantum random number sequence 0101010.

[0082] The relationship of XOR logic is: when AB is different, the output is P = 1; when AB is the same, the output is P = 0. The extra bits are discarded.

[0083] The first quantum random number sequence is 1001000001

[0084] The second quantum random number sequence is 0101010

[0085] The third quantum random number sequence is 1100010

[0086] The first quantum random number sequence and the second quantum random number sequence are XOR-ed to obtain a third random number sequence (equivalent to the first multidimensional quantum random number in the previous embodiment), that is, a multidimensional quantum random number sequence based on polarization randomness and path randomness.

[0087] Furthermore, the photon counter in the above-mentioned multi-dimensional random number generator also includes a time-correlated counter module, and the time-correlated photon counter module is connected to the output ends of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector.

[0088] The time-correlated photon counter module processes the photogenerated electrical signals output by the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector to obtain the time difference information between the two, and sends the time difference information to the control processing module. The control processing module generates a fourth quantum random number sequence according to the time difference information, and then XORs the third quantum random number sequence and the fourth quantum random number sequence to obtain a fifth quantum random number sequence (equivalent to the second multidimensional quantum random number in the previous embodiment).

[0089] by Fig.10 Take the fourth quantum random number sequence generation method based on path randomness as an example to illustrate.

[0090] The time-correlated photon counter module calculates the time difference information Δt between the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector according to the photoelectric signals output by the two detectors, and sets a time threshold t0. When Δt>t0, the control processing module records the count as a number "1", and when Δt<t0, the control processing module records the count as a number "0". After multiple cycles of statistics, the fourth quantum random number sequence 010101 can be obtained.

[0091] The third quantum random number sequence is 1100010

[0092] The fourth quantum random number sequence 010101

[0093] The fifth quantum random number sequence 100100

[0094] The third quantum random number sequence and the fourth quantum random number sequence are XOR-ed to obtain a fifth random number sequence, that is, a multidimensional quantum random number sequence based on polarization randomness, path randomness and time randomness.

[0095] Based on the multidimensional random number generator and multidimensional random number generation method described above, it can be known that the present application completes the extraction and transformation of polarization-related randomness, path-related randomness and time-related randomness in the same system, generates a quantum random number sequence based on multiple principles, and generates a multidimensional quantum random number sequence through a characteristic joint encoding method. Relative to the quantum random number generation scheme in the prior art, the quantum random number sequence generated by the present application has multiple dimensions and higher randomness. The quantum random number generation scheme in the prior art generally requires a complex post-processing process, such as the Toeplitz matrix algorithm and other methods to process the original random number sequence, which requires additional computing power and hardware support; the multidimensional random number generation method provided by the present application does not require additional chip hardware to provide computing power and post-processing operations, and the process is simpler, more efficient and stable. In addition, the extraction and transformation of the randomness of the three dimensions in the present application only needs to reuse the same single photon source, and the structure is simpler and more compact, which improves the entropy source utilization efficiency and anti-device damage ability of the quantum random number generator. And even if there is an abnormality in the quantum random number generation process of one dimension during use, a quantum random number sequence that meets the requirements can still be output.

[0096] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive, parallel, or progressive and parallel manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0097] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprising a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or device including the above elements.

[0098] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-dimensional random number generator, characterized in that: It includes a single photon source, a polarization beam splitter, a 50:50 beam splitter, a first single photon detector, a second single photon detector, a third single photon detector, a photon counter, and a control processing module; The output end of the single photon source is connected to the input end of the polarization beam splitter to provide linearly polarized single photons; The polarization beam splitter comprises an upper output end and a lower output end, and is used to output the incident linearly polarized single photon from the upper output end with a probability of 50%, and output from the lower output end with a probability of 50%; The 50:50 beam splitter comprises an input end, an output upper end and an output lower end, wherein the input end of the 50:50 beam splitter is connected to the output upper end of the polarization beam splitter, and is used to receive photons output from the output upper end of the polarization beam splitter and output them from the output upper end with a probability of 50%, and output them from the output lower end with a probability of 50%; The first single-photon detector is connected to the output lower end of the polarization beam splitter, and is used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter. The second single-photon detector is connected to the output lower end of the 50:50 beam splitter, and is used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter. The third single-photon detector is connected to the output upper end of the 50:50 beam splitter, and is used to detect the received photons and convert them into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter. The photon counter is used to count and calculate the photoelectric signals within a specific time window and send the statistical results to the control processing module; The control processing module is electrically connected to the photon counter and the single photon source respectively, and is used to analyze and process the statistical results of the photon counter on the first single photon detector and the statistical results of the second single photon detector and the third single photon detector, and convert them into a first multidimensional quantum random number sequence.

2. A multi-dimensional random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single photon source includes a laser, a polarizer and an optical attenuator connected in sequence; The laser is used to emit continuous laser or pulsed laser; The polarizer is located at the output end of the laser and is used to convert the laser output from the laser into linearly polarized light; The optical attenuator is located at the output end of the polarizer and is used to attenuate the linearly polarized light to the single photon level.

3. A multi-dimensional random number generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The polarization beam splitter includes a fiber polarization beam splitter, the 50:50 beam splitter includes a 50:50 fiber beam splitter, the single photon source and the polarization beam splitter are connected via a polarization-maintaining fiber, and the angle between the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber and the polarization transmission direction of the polarization beam splitter is 45 degrees.

4. A multidimensional random number generator according to claim 1, further comprising a low-temperature platform, wherein the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are all superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, and are all arranged in the low-temperature platform.

5. A multi-dimensional random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single photon source includes an on-chip laser, a mode spot converter, a straight waveguide and a micro-ring waveguide, and a photon filter connected in sequence; The on-chip laser is used to generate pump laser and transmit the pump laser to the straight waveguide through a spot converter. The microring waveguide is located on one side of the straight waveguide and forms a microring resonator with one section of the straight waveguide. The microring resonator is used to receive the pump laser, produce four-wave mixing effect and generate photon pairs which are output from the straight waveguide to the photon filter. The photon filter is used to filter the photon pairs generated by the microring resonator and finally output one of the photons.

6. A multi-dimensional random number generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The polarization beam splitter includes an on-chip polarization beam splitter, the 50:50 beam splitter includes an on-chip directional coupler, the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are all single-photon avalanche diodes, and the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector are integrated into the same detector chip.

7. A multi-dimensional random number generator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The polarization beam splitter and the 50:50 beam splitter are integrated into the same entropy source optical chip. The on-chip laser, spot converter, straight waveguide and microring waveguide, and photon filter are integrated into the same single photon source chip. The control processing module includes a control processing chip. The single photon source chip, entropy source optical chip, detector chip, and control processing chip form a stacked packaging structure by flip-chip bonding or wire bonding.

8. A multi-dimensional random number generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photon counter also includes a time-correlated photon counter module, which is connected to the output ends of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector, and is used to process the photogenerated electrical signals output by the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector to obtain time difference information between the two, and send the time difference information to the control processing module. The control processing module generates a quantum random number sequence according to the time difference information, and generates a second multidimensional quantum random number sequence in combination with the first multidimensional quantum random number sequence.

9. A multi-dimensional random number generation method, characterized in that: Applied to the multi-dimensional random number generator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprises: The control processing module controls the single photon source to be turned on, so that the single photon source periodically outputs linearly polarized single photons; A single photon entering the polarization beam splitter is output from the upper output end or the lower output end of the polarization beam splitter with a probability of 50%; The photons output from the upper output end of the polarization beam splitter enter the 50:50 beam splitter and are output from the upper output end or the lower output end of the 50:50 beam splitter with a probability of 50% each; The photons output from the lower output end of the polarization beam splitter enter the first single-photon detector, the photons output from the lower output end of the 50:50 beam splitter enter the second single-photon detector, and the photons output from the upper output end of the 50:50 beam splitter enter the third single-photon detector; The first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, and the third single-photon detector convert the received photon signals into photogenerated electrical signals and send them to the photon counter; The photon counter generates a first statistical sequence according to the photogenerated electrical signal of the first single-photon detector and sends it to the control processing module, and generates a second statistical sequence according to the photogenerated electrical signals of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector and sends it to the control processing module; The control processing module generates a first quantum random number sequence according to the first statistical sequence, generates a second quantum random number sequence according to the second statistical sequence, and then performs XOR processing on the first quantum random number sequence and the second quantum random number sequence to obtain a third quantum random number sequence.

10. A multi-dimensional random number generation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The photon counter also includes a time-correlated photon counter module, which is connected to the output ends of the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector; The time-correlated photon counter module processes the photogenerated electrical signals output by the second single-photon detector and the third single-photon detector to obtain the time difference information between the two, and sends the time difference information to the control processing module. The control processing module generates a fourth quantum random number sequence according to the time difference information, and then performs XOR processing on the third quantum random number sequence and the fourth quantum random number sequence to obtain a fifth quantum random number sequence.

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