Battery module with battery monomer distance piece and battery safety evaluation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery modules, in particular to a battery module with a battery monomer spacer and a battery safety assessment method. The connecting mechanism comprises a conducting piece and a bracket, and the battery monomers are detachably connected; the spacing mechanism comprises a spacing piece; the buffer mechanism comprises a buffer rod; the distance piece plays a role in safety protection, the modular arrangement facilitates disassembly and replacement during operation and maintenance, the closed coil pipe is arranged in the distance piece and communicates with the buffer rod, the switching columns are synchronously switched to be communicated during charging, and low-temperature hydraulic oil is connected for liquid cooling during charging of the battery module, so that fire caused by overheating is prevented, and the service life of the battery module is prolonged. Fire-resistant hydraulic oil is circularly introduced into the buffer rod for cooling, flame retardance is achieved when a fire occurs, real-time monitoring and automatic power-off protection of the photosensitive sensor are combined, the fault position is accurately detected, and early warning and cooling protection are ensured through intelligent data analysis and multi-dimensional monitoring, so that the safety assessment accuracy of the battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery modules, and in particular to a battery module with a battery cell spacer and a battery safety assessment method. Background Art

[0002] With the popularity of electric vehicles, the safety and performance of power batteries have become the focus of the industry. At present, the structures adopted by many battery module designs often fail to effectively solve the isolation problem between single cells. Especially in the case of overheating, short circuit or external collision of battery cells, the lack of effective isolation measures will lead to thermal runaway, which may trigger a chain reaction and affect the safety of the entire vehicle.

[0003] In the existing technology, the insulation materials and structural designs used in most battery modules are relatively simple, and there is a lack of systematic design for battery thermal management. In addition, although some solutions have introduced heat dissipation systems, their efficiency is often limited by the layout and materials of single cells, resulting in the ineffective conduction and dispersion of heat, which in turn affects the overall performance of the battery.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to effectively isolate battery cells to avoid thermal runaway under extreme conditions, improve the heat dissipation capacity of the battery module, reduce the temperature of the single cells during operation, ensure electrical isolation between battery cells, prevent short circuits and other electrical failures, and maintain the mechanical strength and stability of the battery module while improving the isolation effect.

[0005] The existing Chinese patent with publication number CN114824620A discloses a battery module, including a busbar, a battery cell, a shell, an end bracket and a busbar protection shell, the battery cell has a pole ear extending to both ends, a housing cavity is provided in the shell, a plurality of heat-conducting support members are provided at the bottom of the shell, the bottom of the heat-conducting support member is connected to the bottom wall of the shell, the top of the heat-conducting support member abuts the battery cell, the end bracket is connected to both sides of the housing cavity, the end bracket and the heat-conducting support member are arranged at intervals, a plurality of guide holes are provided on the end bracket, the busbar is connected to one side of the end bracket, the pole ear extends from the guide hole and is connected to the busbar, each busbar protection shell is respectively connected to one side of the end bracket, a plurality of busbars are arranged between the end bracket and the busbar protection shell, one of the busbar protection shell and the end bracket is provided with a first clamping foot and the other is provided with a clamping hole, the clamping hole and the first clamping foot are clamped and there are multiple pairs. The battery module of the invention has a stable structure, quick and convenient assembly and disassembly, and good insulation.

[0006] However, there is no buffer between the battery cells in the above technical solution. When the battery needs to be frequently disassembled and replaced for charging, or when the movement range is large, the battery cells are prone to expansion, damage or even short circuit, causing accidents. At the same time, the heat-conducting support of the above technical solution is arranged at the bottom of the shell and cannot penetrate deep into the spaces between the cells. Therefore, the heat dissipation effect is limited. In addition, the heat dissipation relies on solid thermal conductivity, which is less efficient than liquid cooling cycle heat dissipation. It cannot meet the cooling requirements of the two-wheeled vehicle battery module during fast charging. In addition, most of the reference standards of the existing battery safety assessment methods refer to the surface or external parameters of the battery module, and cannot perform internal detection and assessment. The reference data is too single and cannot be used for multi-dimensional comprehensive judgment. Therefore, the false alarm rate is relatively high. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the specification abstract and the invention title of this application to avoid blurring the purpose of this section, the specification abstract and the invention title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0008] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a battery module with a battery cell spacer, comprising: battery cells, the battery cells are arranged in a linear array to form a battery module; a connecting mechanism, comprising a conductive piece arranged between the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells and a bracket fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the battery cell, the conductive piece is used to connect the battery cells in series, and the battery cells are detachably connected; a spacing mechanism, comprising a spacer arranged between two adjacent battery cells, the spacer is made of insulating material and has two sides respectively attached to the outer shells of the two battery cells; a buffer mechanism, comprising a buffer rod arranged on the bracket, two adjacent brackets are movably engaged and connected by the buffer rod, and the buffer rod generates damping when the two adjacent battery cells are close to each other.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the battery module with battery cell spacers described in the present invention, the bracket is provided with positioning grooves, the positioning grooves between adjacent brackets are interlocked with each other, and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are respectively provided on both sides of the upper end surface of the battery cell.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the battery module with a battery cell spacer described in the present invention, the bracket is provided with a mounting hole, the buffer rod is movably embedded in the mounting hole, a coil is provided inside the spacer, and a hanging ear is provided on the upper end surface of the spacer and is clamped and sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer rod through the hanging ear.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the battery module with a battery cell spacer described in the present invention, a telescopic rod is slidably provided on the inner wall of the buffer rod, a piston is provided at one end of the telescopic rod located inside the buffer rod, a connecting tube is slidably provided inside the piston, and overflow holes are simultaneously opened on the outer walls of the connecting tube located on both sides of the piston.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the battery module with battery cell spacer described in the present invention, one end of the connecting tube that slides into the telescopic rod is provided with a sealing plug, the other end of the connecting tube is fixed to the inner wall of the buffer rod, and the sealing plug and the inner wall of the telescopic rod are provided with a first elastic member.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the battery module with battery cell spacers described in the present invention, the piston is provided with gear teeth in a circumferential array at one end of the telescopic rod, and the outer wall of the connecting tube is also slidably provided with a ring, which is embedded in the outer wall of each gear tooth.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the battery module with battery cell spacers described in the present invention, the circumferential array of oil leakage holes is opened on the end face of the ring, the buffer rod and the piston form a first cavity, the piston and the sealing plug form a second cavity, and the sealing plug and the telescopic rod form a third cavity.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the battery module with a battery cell spacer described in the present invention, wherein: a second elastic member is also slidably sleeved in the second cavity, the second elastic member is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting tube and one end is connected to the ring, and a long groove and a short groove are respectively vertically opened inside the sealing plug; a switching column is slidably provided in the sealing plug, a sliding block is provided on the outer wall of the switching column, and an annular groove is also coaxially opened in the sealing plug, and a liquid leakage port is opened at one end of the switching column that slides into the sealing plug.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the battery module with a battery cell spacer described in the present invention, wherein: a linkage rod is fixedly provided on the end face of the switching column, the linkage rod passes through the connecting pipe, the end of the linkage rod slides through to the outside of the buffer rod and is provided with a linkage key; a wedge-shaped cylinder is provided on the inner wall of the end of the switching column away from the linkage rod, a ball is provided in the wedge-shaped cylinder, a third elastic member is provided between the ball and the wedge-shaped cylinder, and a sealing thread is also provided on the inner wall of the switching column; a locking cylinder is also provided on the end face of the wedge-shaped cylinder, and a sliding groove and a locking groove are respectively provided on the inner wall of the locking cylinder, and the sliding groove is vertically arranged to the locking groove.

[0018] The present invention also discloses a battery safety assessment method, the steps of the battery safety assessment method are as follows: S1, installing a battery module, installing spacers between each battery cell, and connecting each spacer with a buffer rod;

[0019] S2. The array is provided with a photosensitive sensor, which monitors the light brightness value in real time. The photosensitive sensor is connected to a power-off protector, which receives the light brightness value and determines the state of the battery module, and controls the battery circuit to be opened and closed;

[0020] S3, the photosensitive sensor is connected to the fault detection unit, the position coordinates are calculated according to the photosensitive sensor signal data and the specific position of the sensor is recorded to determine the degree of internal collision of the battery module and the area where the affected battery cell is located;

[0021] S4, data analysis and early warning, judging the trend and magnitude of brightness changes based on real-time monitoring data, and evaluating the health status and potential faults of the battery module in combination with historical data;

[0022] S5. Add temperature sensors and current detection devices inside the battery module to detect abnormal temperature rise and overcurrent inside the battery cell, and combine the temperature and current monitoring results with the photosensor data for multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis;

[0023] S6. Regularly check the integrity of the buffer rod and the sealing of the fluorescent liquid. When the system detects an abnormal collision in a certain area, immediately activate the fault isolation mechanism of the battery module and disconnect the faulty battery cell from the overall battery.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: spacers are filled between each battery cell to play a safety protection role. Each battery cell and spacer is modularly arranged, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement during operation and maintenance. A closed coil is provided inside the spacer and is connected to the buffer rod. When the battery module is charged, the buffer rod circulates fire-resistant hydraulic oil to cool it down and also to prevent fire in the event of a fire. The switching columns between each battery cell can be synchronously switched to a connected state, so that low-temperature hydraulic oil can be connected for liquid cooling when the battery module is charging to prevent overheating and fire. Combined with real-time monitoring and automatic power-off protection of photosensitive sensors, the fault location can be accurately detected. Intelligent data analysis and multi-dimensional monitoring ensure early warning and cooling protection. The hydraulic oil plays a cooling and fire isolation role at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0026] Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a battery module with a battery cell spacer in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the bracket in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positive and negative electrode conductive parts in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the battery cell and the buffer rod in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of multiple spacers in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the buffer rod in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle A area;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first chamber in the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the wedge-shaped cylinder in the present invention;

[0035] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the steps of the battery safety assessment method in the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals: 100, battery cell;

[0037] 200, conducting member; 2001, positioning groove; 2002, positive terminal; 2003, negative terminal; 2004, mounting hole; 201, bracket

[0038] 300, spacer; 3001, hanging ear;

[0039] 400, buffer rod; 4001, telescopic rod; 4002, piston; 4003, connecting pipe; 4004, overflow hole; 4005, sealing plug; 4006, first elastic member; 4007, gear; 4008, collar; 4009, oil leakage hole; 4011, first cavity; 4012, second cavity; 4013, third cavity; 4014, second elastic member; 4015, long groove; 4016, short groove; 4017, switching column; 4018, slider; 4019, ring groove; 4021, liquid leakage port; 4022, linkage rod; 4023, linkage key; 4024, wedge-shaped cylinder; 4025, third elastic member; 4026, locking cylinder; 4027, locking groove; 4028, sliding groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0042] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 8 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a battery module with a battery cell spacer. Spacers 300 are filled between each battery cell 100 to play a safety protection role. Each battery cell 100 and spacer 300 is modularly arranged, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement during operation and maintenance.

[0045] Specifically, a battery module with a battery cell spacer includes:

[0046] Battery cells 100, the battery cells 100 are arranged in a linear array to form a battery module;

[0047] The connection mechanism includes a conducting member 200 disposed between the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent battery cells 100 and a bracket 201 fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the battery cell 100. The conducting member 200 is used to connect the battery cells 100 in series. The battery cells 100 are detachably connected. The number of battery cells 100 is determined by the number of output voltages set by the battery module.

[0048] The spacing mechanism includes a spacing member 300 disposed between two adjacent battery cells 100 , wherein the spacing member 300 is made of insulating material and has two surfaces respectively attached to the shells of the two battery cells 100 ;

[0049] The buffer mechanism includes a buffer rod 400 disposed on the bracket 201 . Two adjacent brackets 201 are movably connected by the buffer rod 400 . The buffer rod 400 generates damping when two adjacent battery cells 100 are close to each other.

[0050] Preferably, the battery module is used for an electric two-wheeled vehicle or a three-wheeled vehicle. The number of battery cells 100 of the battery is determined by the adapted output voltage. By connecting a plurality of battery cells 100 in series, the battery capacity and output power are increased to meet the use requirements of different vehicles.

[0051] Among them, the bracket 201 is made of hard plastic material, which is used to load and support the battery cell 100 to avoid collision or shaking during movement and improve stability. During assembly, a single battery cell 100 is installed inside the bracket 201 by screws, and each bracket 201 is linearly arranged and combined to form the outer shell of the battery module.

[0052] More preferably, in this embodiment, the battery cell 100 is rectangular in shape, and the bracket 201 and the spacer 300 are also rectangular. In other embodiments, the battery cell 100 may be circular in shape, and the bracket 201 and the spacer 300 may also be circular to match the shape.

[0053] Preferably, the bracket 201 is provided with a positioning groove 2001 , and the positioning grooves 2001 between adjacent brackets 201 are interlocked with each other. The positive electrode terminal 2002 and the negative electrode terminal 2003 are respectively provided on both sides of the upper end surface of the battery cell 100 .

[0054] Among them, the conductive part 200 is a copper plate, and the positive and negative poles of each battery cell 100 are connected front and back through multiple copper plates to form a series circuit. The copper plates on the left and right sides of the battery pack are respectively connected to the positive electrode terminal 2002 and the negative electrode terminal 2003. The positioning groove 2001 is made of aluminum alloy, which prevents rainwater from entering and assists in heat dissipation.

[0055] More preferably, the single bracket 201 and the battery cell 100 in this embodiment form a mounting module, and the mounting modules are connected by quick-release columns. A positioning cover is fixedly laid on the top of the battery cell 100 for fixed positioning. When a battery module fails, it can be quickly disassembled through the quick-release columns and replaced with a new mounting module, thereby realizing the repair of waste battery modules and increasing their service life.

[0056] Furthermore, the buffer rod 400 is a spring buffer rod and is made of insulating material. When adjacent battery cells 100 are close to each other, the spring is compressed and damping is provided to prevent adjacent battery cells 100 from short-circuiting. Fluorescent liquid is provided in the buffer rod 400. When the battery cells 100 collide and are too close, the buffer rod 400 may be damaged and the fluorescent liquid may leak. By monitoring the brightness of the light source through a photosensor, the location of the fault can be quickly determined and a battery safety warning can be issued.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] Reference Figures 1 to 8, which is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, but differs in that a closed coil is provided inside the spacer 300 and is connected to the buffer rod 400. When the battery module is charged, the buffer rod 400 circulates fire-resistant hydraulic oil to cool down the battery and prevent fire when a fire occurs.

[0059] Specifically, a mounting hole 2004 is opened on the bracket 201, and the buffer rod 400 is movably embedded in the mounting hole 2004. A coil is provided inside the spacer 300, and a hanging ear 3001 is provided on the upper end surface of the spacer 300 and is clamped and sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer rod 400 through the hanging ear 3001.

[0060] The coil seal is arranged inside the spacer 300, the coil extends to the hanging ear 3001 and is sealed and connected with the inside of the buffer rod 400, and the inside of the coil is filled with flame-resistant hydraulic oil. In this embodiment, phosphate hydraulic fluid is selected, which is flame-retardant and has good electrical insulation performance.

[0061] Preferably, a telescopic rod 4001 is slidably provided on the inner wall of the buffer rod 400, a piston 4002 is provided at one end of the telescopic rod 4001 located inside the buffer rod 400, a connecting pipe 4003 is slidably provided inside the piston 4002, and overflow holes 4004 are simultaneously opened on the outer walls of the connecting pipe 4003 located on both sides of the piston 4002.

[0062] Among them, one end of the connecting pipe 4003 that slides into the telescopic rod 4001 is provided with a sealing plug 4005, and the other end of the connecting pipe 4003 is fixed to the inner wall of the buffer rod 400, and the sealing plug 4005 and the inner wall of the telescopic rod 4001 are provided with a first elastic member 4006.

[0063] Preferably, the first elastic member 4006 is a spring. When the telescopic rod 4001 slides inward along the buffer rod 400, the first elastic member 4006 is compressed, so that the telescopic rod 4001 has a tendency to rebound. The buffer rod 400 and the telescopic rod 4001 are both hollow circular tubes, and the piston 4002 and the sealing plug 4005 are circular plugs and are respectively sealed and fitted on the inner walls of the buffer rod 400 and the telescopic rod 4001.

[0064] More preferably, a circumferential array of gear teeth 4007 is provided at one end of the piston 4002 located inside the telescopic rod 4001 , and a ring 4008 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe 4003 , and the ring 4008 is fitted and sleeved on the outer wall of each gear tooth 4007 .

[0065] The end surface of the collar 4008 is provided with an array of oil leakage holes 4009 circumferentially, the buffer rod 400 and the piston 4002 form a first cavity 4011 , the piston 4002 and the sealing plug 4005 form a second cavity 4012 , and the sealing plug 4005 and the telescopic rod 4001 form a third cavity 4013 .

[0066] Among them, the first cavity 4011, the second cavity 4012 and the third cavity 4013 are all sealed cavities. In the initial state, the first cavity 4011 is filled with fire-resistant hydraulic oil and the first cavity 4011 is directly connected to the coil. The first cavity 4011 and the second cavity 4012 are connected through two overflow holes 4004 on the connecting pipe 4003.

[0067] Preferably, a second elastic member 4014 is slidably sleeved in the second cavity 4012 , the second elastic member 4014 is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe 4003 and one end is connected to the collar 4008 , and a long groove 4015 and a short groove 4016 are vertically opened inside the sealing plug 4005 .

[0068] Among them, the long groove 4015 and the short groove 4016 are arranged perpendicular to each other and the centers of both coincide with the center of the circle of the sealing plug 4005 , and the depth of the long groove 4015 is longer than that of the short groove 4016 .

[0069] Furthermore, a switching column 4017 is slidably provided in the sealing plug 4005, a sliding block 4018 is provided on the outer wall of the switching column 4017, an annular groove 4019 is coaxially provided in the sealing plug 4005, and a liquid leakage port 4021 is provided at one end of the switching column 4017 that slides into the sealing plug 4005.

[0070] Among them, the switching column 4017 is also a hollow circular tube, the slider 4018 is a waist-shaped block, the long groove 4015 and the short groove 4016 are both waist-shaped grooves, the annular groove 4019 is a circular ring-shaped groove hole, and the slider 4018 can rotate freely in the annular groove 4019 and can also slide in the long groove 4015 and the short groove 4016 respectively.

[0071] More preferably, in other embodiments, the buffer rod 400 is hydraulically driven to generate damping. When adjacent battery cells 100 collide severely and fit together, the hydraulic oil in the first cavity 4011 is squeezed into the coil. At this time, the pressure of the flame-resistant hydraulic oil in the coil increases dramatically, thereby breaking through the spacer 300 and entering the interior of the battery module, isolating the air and making it flame-retardant, while isolating each battery cell 100 to prevent short circuit and fire.

[0072] In summary, in the initial state, the hydraulic oil is located in the first cavity 4011, the spacer 300 is connected to the first cavity 4011 through the hanging ear 3001, and the adjacent spacer 300 is detachably connected to the telescopic rod 4001. At this time, the slider 4018 is located in the long groove 4015, so that the sealing plug 4005 is blocked. When the battery module vibrates during movement, the two adjacent battery cells 100 approach each other, so that the two spacers 300 approach each other, driving the telescopic rod 4001 to slide along the inner wall of the buffer rod 400, and the piston 4002 squeezes the hydraulic oil in the first cavity 4011. The hydraulic oil pressure increases and enters the second cavity 4012 from the connecting pipe 4003 along the two overflow holes 4004. The hydraulic oil flows out from the gaps between the gear teeth 4007 and pushes the ring 4008 to disengage from the gear teeth 4007, and finally leaks out from the oil leakage hole 4009 of the ring 4008 into the second cavity 4012.

[0073] At the same time, due to the limited aperture of the overflow hole 4004 and the limited flow of hydraulic oil in and out, the buffer rod 400 and the telescopic rod 4001 can only slide slowly, and the longer the sliding distance, the greater the damping provided by the first elastic member 4006. When the resistance disappears, the first elastic member 4006 drives the telescopic rod 4001 to reset. At this time, the ring 4008 is pushed and engaged with the gear 4007, and part of the oil leakage hole 4009 is blocked by the gear 4007, resulting in a decrease in the flow efficiency of the return hydraulic oil. The telescopic rod 4001 slowly resets, thereby achieving a shock absorbing effect and preventing the two spacers 300 from being too close to each other, causing the battery cell 100 to contact short circuit or collision damage.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] Reference Figures 1 to 9 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, but the difference is that the switching columns 4017 between the battery cells 100 can be synchronously switched to a connected state, so that low-temperature hydraulic oil can be connected for liquid cooling when the battery module is charged to prevent overheating and fire.

[0076] Specifically, a linkage rod 4022 is fixedly provided on the end surface of the switching column 4017 , and the linkage rod 4022 passes through the connecting pipe 4003 . The end of the linkage rod 4022 slides through the outside of the buffer rod 400 and is provided with a linkage key 4023 .

[0077] Among them, the linkage rod 4022 is set at the center position of the end face of the switching column 4017. When the slider 4018 is located in the long groove 4015, the switching column 4017 blocks the sealing plug 4005. The diameter of the linkage rod 4022 is smaller than that of the connecting pipe 4003. When the slider 4018 is located in the short groove 4016, the hydraulic oil enters the connecting pipe 4003 through the switching column 4017 and the long groove 4015.

[0078] More preferably, when charging is performed, low-temperature hydraulic oil is introduced into the switching column 4017 and enters the spacer 300 through the connecting pipe 4003. After being discharged, a liquid cooling cycle is formed, which significantly reduces the temperature of the battery module during charging.

[0079] Preferably, a wedge-shaped cylinder 4024 is provided on the inner wall of one end of the switching column 4017 away from the linkage rod 4022, a ball is provided in the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024, a third elastic member 4025 is provided between the ball and the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024, and a sealing thread is also provided on the inner wall of the switching column 4017.

[0080] Among them, the third elastic member 4025 is a spring, which is used to squeeze the ball to fit the inner wall of the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024 and form a seal, so that the hydraulic oil passing through can only flow in one direction. The hydraulic oil on one side of the spacer 300 flows in one direction and flows out in one direction on the other side, forming a liquid cooling cycle.

[0081] Preferably, the end surface of the wedge-shaped cylinder 4024 is further provided with a locking cylinder 4026 , and the inner wall of the locking cylinder 4026 is respectively provided with a sliding groove 4028 and a locking groove 4027 , and the sliding groove 4028 and the locking groove 4027 are vertically arranged.

[0082] Among them, the linkage key 4023 is in the shape of a rectangular flat key, the locking groove 4027 is an arc-shaped short groove and is arranged clockwise with the sliding groove 4028 as the starting point, the linkage key 4023 on the linkage rod 4022 can slide along the sliding groove 4028 and be embedded into the locking groove 4027 for locking, and the buffer rod 400 is rotated and sealed at one end close to the linkage rod 4022 and is provided with an external threaded joint, which is used to connect the sealing thread of the inner wall of the switching column 4017 and form a sealing passage.

[0083] More preferably, the buffer rod 400 at the end is sealed with a threaded plug to prevent dust and moisture from entering.

[0084] In summary, when in use, the linkage key 4023 on the adjacent linkage rod 4022 enters along the sliding groove 4028 and causes the linkage rod 4022 to rotate 90° clockwise as a whole at the locking groove 4027 to achieve locking. Subsequently, the switching column 4017 is pulled alone to cause the slider 4018 on the switching column 4017 connected thereto to slide to the annular groove 4019, and continues to rotate 90° clockwise to cause the slider 4018 to switch from the long groove 4015 to the short groove 4016. At this time, a sealed passage is formed between each buffer rod 400, and the working state of each buffer rod 400 is switched from buffering to circulating cooling. Each spacer 300 is connected through the buffer rod 400 to form a liquid cooling cycle to reduce the battery charging temperature. After use, the reverse operation can switch to the buffer state, and buffer shock absorption can be achieved through the buffer rod 400.

[0085] Example 4

[0086] Reference Figure 1-Figure 10 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment provides a battery safety assessment method, which is implemented based on the above-mentioned battery module with battery cell spacers. This solution combines the real-time monitoring and automatic power-off protection of the photosensitive sensor to accurately detect the fault location. Intelligent data analysis and multi-dimensional monitoring ensure early warning and cooling protection. The hydraulic oil also plays a role in cooling and fire isolation.

[0087] Specifically, a battery safety assessment method includes:

[0088] S1: Battery module installation. Modular spacers 300 are filled between each battery cell 100 for physical isolation. Buffer rods 400 are used to connect each spacer 300. Each battery cell 100 is connected by a buffer rod 400 with fluorescent liquid to absorb impact and provide a detection mechanism. The buffer rod 400 is connected to the inside of the spacer 300 and is filled with flame-resistant hydraulic oil. Fluorescent night is added to the hydraulic oil, which emits fluorescence when in contact with air.

[0089] The buffer rod 400 is made of a high-toughness material to avoid damage during minor collisions, but can be quickly damaged under major impacts or abnormal vibrations.

[0090] S2: Photosensitive sensor array monitoring. Photosensitive sensors are arranged in key areas of the battery module to monitor the brightness changes caused by the leakage of fluorescent liquid in real time. The photosensitive sensors are connected in series to the power-off protector. Any photosensitive sensor in the battery module will automatically disconnect the circuit after receiving a light brightness value that exceeds the threshold.

[0091] Among them, the photosensor should have high sensitivity and be able to detect tiny changes in light to ensure a quick response.

[0092] S3: Collision detection and fault location. The photosensitive sensor is also connected in parallel to the fault detection unit. The fault detection unit calculates the position coordinates of the photosensitive sensor that sends the signal through the signal data of the photosensitive sensor. When a sensor detects abnormal light, the specific position of the sensor is immediately recorded.

[0093] The fault detection unit analyzes the data fed back by the sensor in real time, and quickly determines whether a collision has occurred inside the battery module based on the detected light intensity, position and duration. At the same time, it locates the position of the photosensitive signal source and determines the area where the battery cell 100 where the collision occurred is located.

[0094] S4: Intelligent data analysis and early warning. The real-time monitoring data of the photosensor is uploaded to the processing unit located in the cloud. The artificial intelligence algorithm is used for pattern recognition and analysis to determine the trend and amplitude of light changes. Combined with historical data, the system can evaluate the health status of the battery module and potential fault hazards, so as to give early warning and send signals to the alarm. When a fault occurs, the user is prompted through visual or sound signals, and the fault information is recorded for subsequent maintenance.

[0095] S5: Add temperature sensors and current detection devices inside the battery module to ensure that abnormal temperature rise and overcurrent that may occur inside the battery cell 100 can be detected in time when abnormal situations such as collision and damage occur. Combine the temperature and current monitoring results with the photosensor data to conduct a multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis to improve the safety and reliability of the system.

[0096] During charging, the fire-resistant hydraulic oil in the buffer rod 400 is circulated for cooling. At the same time, in the event of a fire, the hydraulic oil leaks between the battery cells 100, isolating the air and preventing the battery cells 100 from further contacting and short-circuiting. A hydraulic sensor is installed at the circulating coolant pump for low-temperature driven hydraulic oil circulation in the charging station. When the hydraulic oil pressure drops sharply, it is determined as an emergency, and the charging circuit is automatically disconnected to achieve automatic charging protection.

[0097] S6: Maintenance and response. Regularly check the integrity of the buffer rod 400 and the sealing of the fluorescent liquid to ensure that the buffer rod 400 will not affect the detection accuracy due to aging or fatigue after long-term use. When the system detects an abnormal collision in a certain area, it immediately activates the fault isolation mechanism of the battery module to disconnect the faulty battery cell from the overall battery to prevent the expansion of safety hazards.

[0098] During the annual inspection of the battery module, the integrity of the buffer rod 400 and the sealing of the fluorescent liquid are used as measurement indicators, and the module is scrapped when it exceeds the set standard.

[0099] Importantly, it should be noted that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a plurality of different exemplary embodiments are only exemplary. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape and ratio of various elements, and parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), installation arrangement, use of materials, color, directional changes, etc.) without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in the application. For example, the element shown as integrally formed can be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element can be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature or number or position of the discrete element can be changed or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps can be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "device plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure of performing the function described herein, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structure. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, other replacements, modifications, changes and omissions can be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, the invention is not limited to a specific embodiment, but extends to numerous modifications still falling within the scope of the appended claims.

[0100] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module with a battery cell spacer, characterized in that: include: Battery cells (100), the battery cells (100) being arranged in a linear array to form a battery module; A connection mechanism, comprising a conducting member (200) disposed between the positive pole and the negative pole of two adjacent battery cells (100) and a bracket (201) fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the battery cell (100), wherein the conducting member (200) is used to connect the battery cells (100) in series, and the battery cells (100) are detachably connected to each other; A spacing mechanism comprises a spacing piece (300) arranged between two adjacent battery cells (100), wherein the spacing piece (300) is made of insulating material and has two surfaces respectively attached to the outer shells of the two battery cells (100); The buffer mechanism comprises a buffer rod (400) arranged on the bracket (201), two adjacent brackets (201) are movably connected by the buffer rod (400), and the buffer rod (400) generates damping when two adjacent battery cells (100) are close to each other.

2. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (201) is provided with a positioning groove (2001), and the positioning grooves (2001) between adjacent brackets (201) are interlocked with each other. The upper end surface of the battery cell (100) is provided with a positive electrode terminal (2002) and a negative electrode terminal (2003) on both sides.

3. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket (201) is provided with a mounting hole (2004), the buffer rod (400) is movably embedded in the mounting hole (2004), a coil is provided inside the spacer (300), and a hanging ear (3001) is provided on the upper end surface of the spacer (300) and is clamped and sleeved on the outer wall of the buffer rod (400) through the hanging ear (3001).

4. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 3, characterized in that: A telescopic rod (4001) is slidably provided on the inner wall of the buffer rod (400), a piston (4002) is provided at one end of the telescopic rod (4001) located inside the buffer rod (400), a connecting pipe (4003) is slidably provided inside the piston (4002), and overflow holes (4004) are simultaneously provided on the outer walls of the connecting pipe (4003) located on both sides of the piston (4002).

5. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the connecting tube (4003) that slides into the interior of the telescopic rod (4001) is provided with a sealing plug (4005), and the other end of the connecting tube (4003) is fixed to the inner wall of the buffer rod (400), and the sealing plug (4005) and the inner wall of the telescopic rod (4001) are provided with a first elastic member (4006).

6. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The piston (4002) is provided with gear teeth (4007) in a circumferential array at one end of the telescopic rod (4001), and the outer wall of the connecting tube (4003) is also slidably provided with a ring (4008), and the ring (4008) is fitted and sleeved on the outer wall of each gear tooth (4007).

7. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end surface of the collar (4008) is provided with an array of oil leakage holes (4009) in a circumferential manner, the buffer rod (400) and the piston (4002) form a first cavity (4011), the piston (4002) and the sealing plug (4005) form a second cavity (4012), and the sealing plug (4005) and the telescopic rod (4001) form a third cavity (4013).

8. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second elastic member (4014) is also slidably sleeved in the second cavity (4012), the second elastic member (4014) is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe (4003) and one end of the second elastic member (4014) is connected to the collar (4008), and a long groove (4015) and a short groove (4016) are vertically opened inside the sealing plug (4005); A switching column (4017) is slidably provided in the sealing plug (4005), a sliding block (4018) is provided on the outer wall of the switching column (4017), an annular groove (4019) is coaxially provided in the sealing plug (4005), and a liquid leakage port (4021) is provided at one end of the switching column (4017) that slides into the sealing plug (4005).

9. The battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 8, characterized in that: A linkage rod (4022) is fixedly provided on the end surface of the switching column (4017), the linkage rod (4022) passes through the connecting pipe (4003), and the end of the linkage rod (4022) slides through the outside of the buffer rod (400) and is provided with a linkage key (4023); A wedge-shaped cylinder (4024) is provided on the inner wall of one end of the switching column (4017) away from the linkage rod (4022), a ball is provided in the wedge-shaped cylinder (4024), a third elastic member (4025) is provided between the ball and the wedge-shaped cylinder (4024), and a sealing thread is also provided on the inner wall of the switching column (4017); The end surface of the wedge-shaped cylinder (4024) is also provided with a locking cylinder (4026), and the inner wall of the locking cylinder (4026) is respectively provided with a sliding groove (4028) and a locking groove (4027), and the sliding groove (4028) and the locking groove (4027) are arranged vertically.

10. A battery safety assessment method, implemented based on a battery module with a battery cell spacer according to claim 9, characterized in that: include: S1, installing a battery module, installing a spacer (300) between each battery cell (100), and connecting each spacer (300) using a buffer rod (400); S2. The array is provided with a photosensitive sensor, which monitors the light brightness value in real time. The photosensitive sensor is connected to a power-off protector, which receives the light brightness value and determines the state of the battery module, and controls the battery circuit to be opened and closed; S3, the photosensitive sensor is connected to the fault detection unit, the position coordinates are calculated according to the photosensitive sensor signal data, and the specific position of the sensor is recorded to determine the degree of collision inside the battery module and the area where the affected battery cell (100) is located; S4, data analysis and early warning, judging the trend and magnitude of brightness changes based on real-time monitoring data, and evaluating the health status and potential faults of the battery module in combination with historical data; S5, adding a temperature sensor and a current detection device inside the battery module to detect abnormal temperature rise and overcurrent inside the battery cell (100), and combining the temperature and current monitoring results with the photosensor data to perform a multi-dimensional comprehensive analysis; S6. Regularly check the integrity of the buffer rod (400) and the sealing of the fluorescent liquid. When the system detects an abnormal collision in a certain area, immediately activate the fault isolation mechanism of the battery module to disconnect the faulty battery cell from the entire battery.

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