A method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slopes

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, and specifically discloses a method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes. A moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slopes is cultivated using the following method: S1. Obtaining a crust substrate and a crust seed source; S2. Preparing a saline-alkali modifier; S3. Crust seed source propagation: Repeat the propagation phase A and the propagation phase B for a total of 5 times, and peel off the seed layer at the end of the 5th propagation phase B to obtain a high-vitality crust seed source; S4. Field inoculation: Moss crust and rock moss substrate can be obtained 60 days from the date of inoculation. The crust coverage of the moss crust and rock moss substrate of the present application is not less than 96.5%, and the chlorophyll a content of the moss crust is not less than 14.6ug / cm 2 It can still maintain high vitality in harsh environments, with high adaptability and survival rate, and can play a significant role in greening barren mountains, preventing soil erosion, and improving the stability and diversity of the ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, and in particular to a method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes. Background Art

[0002] Due to the influence of multiple factors such as climate, environment and humanities, a considerable part of the natural environment has formed barren mountains and serious soil erosion. The wind and sand and sandstorms blowing from the northwest region have ravaged many places and affected the southern region with a good climate. Therefore, the development of barren mountain afforestation work is urgent.

[0003] The two main methods for reforesting barren hills are seed spraying and biocrusts. Since seed spraying relies heavily on light conditions, even after large amounts of seed are sprayed on heavily shaded rocky slopes, vegetation growth can be limited. This is especially true in areas where sunlight is insufficient. The survival rate of vegetation on rocky slopes is extremely low, resulting in poor ecological restoration efficiency and difficulty in forming a stable ecosystem. Consequently, biocrusts have become a key focus of ecological restoration efforts. These thin, mat-like organic topsoil layers (comprising mosses, soil surface microorganisms, and non-vascular plants) form when soil surface microorganisms and soil particles bond together in water-scarce environments. Due to their unique ecological functions, they are known as the "environmental engineers" of the world's drylands. Among them, moss crust is the highest succession stage of biological crusts. As a pioneer species, moss crust has differentiated morphological characteristics such as stems, leaves and rhizomes, stronger photosynthesis, and more comprehensive ecological functions than algae and lichen crusts. In addition, the rocky slopes of barren mountains are dark and humid, which is very suitable for moss growth. Therefore, moss crusts and rock moss matrices play an important role in the greening of barren mountains.

[0004] However, the process of planting moss on barren mountains is not so smooth. Moss is an organism with a high demand for humus, but the soil development of barren mountains is relatively primitive. Even the rock slopes suitable for moss growth still have problems such as weak humus accumulation and high salinization. These problems will have a great negative impact on the crust coverage of moss crust and rock moss matrix and the chlorophyll content of moss crust, which is not conducive to the rapid formation of moss crust and improvement of the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slopes.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining a crust substrate and a crust provenance: the crust substrate is taken from the soil at a depth of 1-5 cm below the rock slope surface, sieved and impurities removed to obtain a crust substrate, and the crust provenance is taken from a crust layer 1-2 cm thick on the surface of the rock slope, which is dried in the shade after impurities removal, sieved, and ground to obtain a crust provenance; S2, preparing a saline-alkali amendment: dispersing palygorskite in water, homogenizing to obtain a palygorskite hydrogel, and then adding 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol, and stirring at 13 000-14000r / min, stirring, filtering to obtain a solid, drying, and obtaining a saline-alkali amendment, wherein the weight ratio of palygorskite to 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol is 1:(0.5-2); S3, crust provenance propagation: the crust substrate obtained in step S1 is laid as a substrate layer with a thickness of 1.6-2cm, and the crust provenance obtained in step S2 is laid on top of the substrate layer to obtain a provenance layer with a thickness of 0.8-1cm, and enter the propagation A phase, specifically: at a temperature of 30-35°C and a light intensity of 20000- 25000lx, humidity of 30-45%RH for 2-3 days, then enter the propagation B period, specifically: disperse the saline-alkali modifier and humic acid in water, mix them evenly and inject them into the substrate layer until the amount of saline-alkali modifier accounts for 0.5-0.8‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer, and the amount of humic acid accounts for 0.08-0.12‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer, then reduce the temperature to 20-25℃, reduce the light intensity to 10000-15000lx, and increase the humidity to 65-70%RH. Cultivate for 2-3 days, and then peel off the seed layer and the substrate layer, and remove the seed layer. The layer is ground, and the crust matrix obtained in step S1 is laid as a new matrix layer with a thickness of 1.6-2 cm. The ground provenance layer is then laid on top of the matrix layer to obtain a new provenance layer with a thickness of 0.8-1 cm. The propagation phase A and the propagation phase B are carried out again in sequence. The propagation phase A and the propagation phase B are repeated 5 times in total, and the provenance layer at the end of the propagation phase B for the 5th time is peeled off, naturally air-dried, ground, and sieved to obtain a high-vitality crust provenance; S4, field inoculation: The high-vitality crust provenance obtained in step S3 is inoculated onto the rock slope, and the inoculation amount is 85-90 g / m 2 , moss crust and rock moss matrix can be obtained 60 days from the date of inoculation.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application uses palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol to prepare a salt-alkali improver, which can improve soil salinization while enhancing the soil's water holding capacity and nutrient supply, creating more favorable environmental conditions for the growth of moss crusts. On this basis, the present application sets an unfavorable environment that hinders the growth of moss (high temperature, high light intensity, low humidity, low humus content and highly salinized crust substrate) as the propagation period A, and sets favorable conditions for the growth of moss (low temperature, low light intensity, high humidity, high Humus content and slightly saline-alkaline crust substrate) as the propagation stage B, and alternately use propagation stage A and propagation stage B, thereby gradually training the adaptability of moss provenance, so that it can still maintain high vitality and growth rate in harsh environments. After multiple propagations, high-vigor crust provenance was finally obtained. The high-vigor crust provenance was inoculated on the rock slope in a certain proportion. Through scientific and reasonable management and maintenance, a large area of moss crust can be achieved in a relatively short period of time (within 60 days), reaching a crust coverage of more than 96.5% and a crust coverage of 14.6ug / cm 2 The chlorophyll a content of the above moss crusts indicates that the moss crusts are formed rapidly and develop steadily, thereby effectively improving the ecological environment of the rocky slopes of barren mountains, preventing soil erosion, and enhancing the stability and diversity of the ecosystem.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the weight ratio of palygorskite to 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol is 1:1.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application strictly controls the weight ratio of palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol, further improving its ability to improve the salinization of the crust substrate. When the amount of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol added is small, it cannot effectively balance the permanent negative charge on the surface of the palygorskite, and it cannot improve the ability of the salt-alkali modifier to adsorb alkali metals. When the amount of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol added is too much, it will block the pores of the palygorskite, and will still reduce the ability of the salt-alkali modifier to improve the salinization of the crust substrate. Experimental data show that when the weight ratio of palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol is 1:1, the salt-alkali modifier can maximize the improvement of the salinization of the crust substrate within a reasonable dosage range, strengthen the training of the adaptability of the moss crust, and finally the crust coverage of the moss crust and the rock moss substrate and the chlorophyll a content of the moss crust are improved.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the rotation speed is 13200 r / min.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application controls the rotational speed when palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol are blended, which can better achieve sufficient mixing of palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol and avoid agglomeration. In this way, the preparation process of the saline-alkali modifier is precisely controlled to ensure its uniformity and stability, thereby effectively improving the salinization degree of the crust matrix and strengthening the training of the adaptability to moss crusts. Experimental data show that when the rotational speed is 13200r / min, the obtained saline-alkali modifier has a more significant effect on improving the crust coverage of moss crusts and rock moss matrix, and the chlorophyll a content of moss crusts.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, the light intensity during the propagation phase A is controlled to be 22000-24000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 32-35% RH.

[0013] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the present application further controls the light intensity in the propagation period A to 22000-24000lx and the humidity to 32-35%RH, which can more accurately simulate the real environmental conditions that are not conducive to the growth of moss, strengthen the training of the adaptability of moss crusts, thereby effectively improving the adaptability and survival rate of moss crusts in practical applications, which not only helps to improve the growth rate and quality of moss crusts, but also ensures that it achieves a stable ecological restoration effect in a complex and changeable natural environment.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the amount of the salt-alkali modifier is controlled to account for 0.60-0.65‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the amount of humic acid is controlled to account for 0.10-0.11‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the light intensity during the propagation phase B is controlled to be 12000-13000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 68-72% RH.

[0017] By adopting the above-mentioned technical solution, the present application further controls the light intensity in the propagation period A to 12000-13000lx and the humidity to 68-72%RH, and at the same time strictly controls the dosage of saline-alkali modifiers and humic acid, which can more accurately simulate the real environmental conditions conducive to the growth of moss, strengthen the training of the adaptability of moss crusts, thereby effectively improving the adaptability and survival rate of moss crusts in practical applications, which not only helps to improve the growth rate and quality of moss crusts, but also ensures its stable ecological restoration effect in a complex and changeable natural environment.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides a moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slopes obtained by the above-mentioned cultivation method, wherein the crust coverage of the moss crust and rock moss substrate is not less than 96.5%, and the chlorophyll a content of the moss crust is not less than 14.6 ug / cm 2 .

[0019] By adopting the above technical scheme, the moss crust obtained in the present application has undergone high-intensity and efficient adaptation training, and can adapt well to both good growth environments and unfavorable growth environments. The adaptability and survival rate in practical applications are both high. Moss crusts with high crust coverage and high chlorophyll a content can also be formed on rocky slopes in a short period of time, thereby effectively improving the environment, playing a significant role in greening barren mountains, preventing soil erosion, and improving the stability and diversity of the ecosystem.

[0020] In summary, this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] 1. The cultivation method of this application can obtain high-vitality crust seed sources. Through scientific and reasonable management and maintenance, a large area of moss crust can be covered in a short period of time (within 60 days), reaching a crust coverage of more than 96.5% and a crust density of 14.6ug / cm 2 The chlorophyll a content of the above moss crusts indicates that the moss crusts are rapidly formed and steadily developed, thus effectively improving the ecological environment of the barren rocky slopes, preventing soil erosion, and enhancing the stability and diversity of the ecosystem;

[0022] 2. This application can effectively improve the salinization degree of the crust substrate by controlling the rotation speed and ratio of palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol when blending, thereby strengthening the training of the adaptability of moss crusts;

[0023] 3. This application controls the environmental conditions of the propagation period A and the propagation period B to more accurately simulate the real environmental conditions that are not conducive to moss growth and the real environmental conditions that are conducive to moss growth, thereby strengthening the training of the adaptability of moss crusts, thereby effectively improving the adaptability and survival rate of moss crusts in practical applications, which not only helps to improve the growth rate and quality of moss crusts, but also ensures its stable ecological restoration effect in a complex and changeable natural environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Material Source

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in this application are all commercially available products, specifically:

[0026] Palygorskite was purchased from Shandong Guohua Chemical Co., Ltd. with a specification of 600 mesh;

[0027] 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. with a CAS number of 4420-74-0; humic acid was purchased from Jiangsu Rayne Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. with a CAS number of 308067-45-0.

[0028] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the following examples and comparative examples.

[0029] Example 1.1

[0030] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Obtaining crust substrate and crust provenance: The crust substrate is obtained from soil 1-5 cm deep below the rock slope surface, sieved and impurities removed to obtain the crust substrate; the crust provenance is obtained from the crust layer 1-2 cm thick on the surface of the rock slope surface, removed impurities, dried in the shade, sieved, and ground to obtain the crust provenance;

[0032] S2, preparation of a saline-alkali modifier: 100 g of palygorskite was dispersed in water and homogenized at a speed of 13000 r / min for 15 min to obtain a palygorskite hydrogel with a palygorskite content of 5 wt%, followed by addition of 50 g of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol and stirring at a speed of 14000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was filtered to obtain a solid, and rinsed with anhydrous ethanol 5 times to remove excess 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol. All the solids finally obtained were dried at 75° C. under vacuum to obtain a saline-alkali modifier after 12 h.

[0033] S3, crust provenance propagation: the crust substrate obtained in step S1 is laid in a 25cm×25cm×20cm incubator until a substrate layer with a thickness of 2cm is formed, and the crust provenance obtained in step S2 is laid on top of the substrate layer to obtain a provenance layer with a thickness of 1cm, and enter the propagation A phase, specifically: culture for 3 days under the conditions of a temperature of 35°C, a light intensity of 20000lx, and a humidity of 45%RH, and then enter the propagation B phase, specifically: disperse the saline-alkali modifier and humic acid in water, mix them evenly, and then inject them into the substrate layer, until the amount of the saline-alkali modifier accounts for 0.8‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer and the amount of humic acid accounts for 0.8‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer. The method comprises the following steps: accounting for 0.08‰ of the total weight of the matrix layer, and then lowering the temperature to 25°C, reducing the light intensity to 10000lx, and raising the humidity to 70%RH. The culture is carried out for 3 days. After the culture is completed, the provenance layer and the matrix layer are peeled off, and the provenance layer is ground. The crust matrix obtained in step S1 is laid as a new matrix layer with a thickness of 2cm, and the ground provenance layer is laid on top of the matrix layer to obtain a new provenance layer with a thickness of 1cm. The propagation phase A and the propagation phase B are carried out again in sequence. The propagation phase A and the propagation phase B are repeated for a total of 5 times, and the provenance layer at the end of the fifth propagation phase B is peeled off, naturally air-dried, ground, and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a high-vitality crust provenance;

[0034] S4, field inoculation: inoculate the high-vigor crust seed obtained in step S3 onto the rock slope surface at an inoculation rate of 90 g / m 2 , water once every two days to maintain the moisture content of the rock slope at 42±0.5%. Moss crust and rock moss matrix can be obtained 60 days from the date of inoculation.

[0035] Example 1.2

[0036] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1. Obtaining crust substrate and crust provenance: The crust substrate is obtained from soil 1-5 cm deep below the rock slope surface, sieved and impurities removed to obtain the crust substrate; the crust provenance is obtained from the crust layer 1-2 cm thick on the surface of the rock slope surface, removed impurities, dried in the shade, sieved, and ground to obtain the crust provenance;

[0038] S2, preparation of a saline-alkali modifier: 100g of palygorskite was dispersed in water and homogenized at a speed of 13000r / min for 15min to obtain a palygorskite hydrogel with a palygorskite content of 5wt%, followed by addition of 200g of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol and stirring at a speed of 13000r / min for 15min. The mixture was filtered to obtain a solid, and rinsed with anhydrous ethanol 5 times to remove excess 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol. All the solids finally obtained were dried at 75°C under vacuum to obtain a saline-alkali modifier after 12h.

[0039] S3, crust provenance propagation: the crust substrate obtained in step S1 is laid in a 25cm×25cm×20cm incubator until a substrate layer with a thickness of 1.6cm is formed, and the crust provenance obtained in step S2 is laid on top of the substrate layer to obtain a provenance layer with a thickness of 0.8cm, and enter the propagation A phase, specifically: culture for 1 day under the conditions of a temperature of 30°C, a light intensity of 25000lx, and a humidity of 30%RH, and then enter the propagation B phase, specifically: disperse the saline-alkali modifier and humic acid in water, mix them evenly, and then inject them into the substrate layer, until the amount of the saline-alkali modifier accounts for 0.5‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer and the amount of humic acid accounts for 0.5‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer. The method comprises the following steps: accounting for 0.12‰ of the total weight of the matrix layer, and then reducing the temperature to 20°C, reducing the light intensity to 15000lx, and increasing the humidity to 65%RH. The culture is carried out for 2 days. After the culture is completed, the provenance layer and the matrix layer are peeled off, and the provenance layer is ground. The crust matrix obtained in step S1 is laid as a new matrix layer with a thickness of 1.6cm. The ground provenance layer is then laid on top of the matrix layer to obtain a new provenance layer with a thickness of 0.8cm. The propagation phase A and the propagation phase B are carried out again in sequence. The propagation phase A and the propagation phase B are repeated for a total of 5 times. The provenance layer at the end of the propagation phase B for the 5th time is peeled off, naturally air-dried, ground, and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a high-vitality crust provenance.

[0040] S4, field inoculation: The high-vigor crust seed obtained in step S3 was inoculated onto the rock slope surface at an inoculation rate of 85 g / m 2 Water once every two days to maintain the moisture content of the rock slope at 42±0.5%. Moss crust and rock moss matrix can be obtained 60 days from the date of inoculation.

[0041] Example 2.1

[0042] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 1.1 in that: in step S2, the amount of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol used is 80 g, and the rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0043] Example 2.2

[0044] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 1.1 in that: in step S2, the amount of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol used is 100 g, and the rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0045] Example 2.3

[0046] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 1.1 in that: in step S2, the amount of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol used is 150 g, and the rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0047] Example 2.4

[0048] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 1.1 in that: in step S2, the amount of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol used is 200 g, and the rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0049] Example 3.1

[0050] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 2.2 in that: in step S2, the rotation speed is 13000 r / min, and the rest is the same as Example 2.2.

[0051] Example 3.2

[0052] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 2.2 in that: in step S2, the rotation speed is 13200 r / min, and the rest is the same as Example 2.2.

[0053] Example 3.3

[0054] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 2.2 in that: in step S2, the rotation speed is 13400 r / min, and the rest is the same as Example 2.2.

[0055] Example 3.4

[0056] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 2.2 in that: in step S2, the rotation speed is 13600 r / min, and the rest is the same as Example 2.2.

[0057] Example 3.5

[0058] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 2.2 in that: in step S2, the rotation speed is 13800 r / min, and the rest is the same as Example 2.2.

[0059] Example 4.1

[0060] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 1.1 in that: in step S3, the light intensity in the propagation phase A is controlled to be 22000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 35% RH. The rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0061] Example 4.2

[0062] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 1.1 in that: in step S3, the light intensity in the propagation phase A is controlled to be 24000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 32% RH. The rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0063] Example 5.1

[0064] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 4.1 in that: in step S3, the amount of salt-alkali modifier is controlled to account for 0.6‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer, and the rest is the same as Example 4.1.

[0065] Example 5.2

[0066] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 4.1 in that: in step S3, the amount of salt-alkali modifier is controlled to account for 0.65‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer, and the rest is the same as Example 4.1.

[0067] Example 6.1

[0068] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 5.1 in that: in step S3, the amount of humic acid is controlled to account for 0.10‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer, and the rest is the same as Example 5.1.

[0069] Example 6.2

[0070] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 5.1 in that: in step S3, the amount of humic acid is controlled to account for 0.11‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer, and the rest is the same as Example 5.1.

[0071] Example 7.1

[0072] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 6.1 in that: in step S3, the light intensity during the propagation period B is controlled to be 13000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 68% RH. The rest is the same as Example 6.1.

[0073] Example 7.2

[0074] A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, which differs from Example 6.1 in that: in step S3, the light intensity during the propagation period B is controlled to be 12000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 72% RH. The rest is the same as Example 6.1.

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] The difference from Example 1.1 is that the propagation phase A is removed, specifically:

[0077] S1. Obtaining crust substrate and crust provenance: The crust substrate is obtained from soil 1-5 cm deep below the rock slope surface, sieved and impurities removed to obtain the crust substrate; the crust provenance is obtained from the crust layer 1-2 cm thick on the surface of the rock slope surface, removed impurities, dried in the shade, sieved, and ground to obtain the crust provenance;

[0078] S2, preparation of a saline-alkali modifier: 100 g of palygorskite was dispersed in water and homogenized at a speed of 13000 r / min for 15 min to obtain a palygorskite hydrogel with a palygorskite content of 5 wt%, followed by addition of 50 g of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol and stirring at a speed of 14000 r / min for 15 min. The mixture was filtered to obtain a solid, and rinsed with anhydrous ethanol 5 times to remove excess 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol. All the solids finally obtained were dried at 75° C. under vacuum to obtain a saline-alkali modifier after 12 h.

[0079] S3, crust provenance propagation: the crust substrate obtained in step S1 is laid in a 25cm×25cm×20cm incubator until a substrate layer with a thickness of 2cm is formed, and the substrate layer is set aside. The saline-alkali modifier and humic acid are dispersed in water, mixed evenly, and injected into the substrate layer until the amount of the saline-alkali modifier accounts for 0.8‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer and the amount of humic acid accounts for 0.08‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer. The crust provenance obtained in step S2 is laid on top of the substrate layer to obtain a provenance layer with a thickness of 1cm, and then cultured for 30 days at a temperature of 25°C, a light intensity of 10000lx, and a humidity of 70%RH. After the end, the provenance layer and the substrate layer are peeled off, naturally air-dried, ground, and sieved through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a high-vitality crust provenance;

[0080] S4, field inoculation: inoculate the high-vigor crust seed obtained in step S3 onto the rock slope surface at an inoculation rate of 90 g / m 2 , water once every two days to maintain the moisture content of the rock slope at 42±0.5%. Moss crust and rock moss matrix can be obtained 60 days from the date of inoculation.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] The difference from Example 1.1 is that step S2 of preparing the saline-alkali amendment and the propagation phase B are omitted, specifically:

[0083] S1. Obtaining crust substrate and crust provenance: The crust substrate is obtained from soil 1-5 cm deep below the rock slope surface, sieved and impurities removed to obtain the crust substrate; the crust provenance is obtained from the crust layer 1-2 cm thick on the surface of the rock slope surface, removed impurities, dried in the shade, sieved, and ground to obtain the crust provenance;

[0084] S2. Crust provenance propagation: The crust substrate obtained in step S1 is laid in a 25 cm × 25 cm × 20 cm incubator until a substrate layer with a thickness of 2 cm is formed for later use. The crust provenance obtained in step S2 is laid on top of the substrate layer to obtain a provenance layer with a thickness of 1 cm. The culture is carried out under the conditions of a temperature of 35°C, a light intensity of 20,000 lx, and a humidity of 45% RH for 30 days. After the culture is completed, the provenance layer and the substrate layer are peeled off, naturally air-dried, ground, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain high-vitality crust provenance;

[0085] S3, field inoculation: The high-vigor crust seed obtained in step S3 was inoculated onto the rock slope surface at an inoculation rate of 90 g / m 2 , water once every two days to maintain the moisture content of the rock slope at 42±0.5%. Moss crust and rock moss matrix can be obtained 60 days from the date of inoculation.

[0086] Performance testing

[0087] 1. Crust Coverage: The crust coverage of the moss crusts and rock moss substrates obtained in the Examples and Comparative Examples at 60 days was measured using a spotting needle frame method. The sampling grid size was 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm. The results are recorded in Table 1.

[0088] 2. Chlorophyll a content: Moss crusts were collected using a circular hollow tube sampler with a diameter of 1.6 cm. Four samples with an area of 2 cm were collected from each culture box. 2 , a sample with a thickness of 5 mm, put the sample into a 0.1 mm sieve, rinse with tap water to separate the moss crust from the matrix, dry the moss and put it in a mortar, add a small amount of quartz sand, calcium carbonate and 3 mL of 95 wt% ethanol, grind it into a homogenous slurry, add 5 mL of 95 wt% ethanol, continue grinding until the tissue turns white, let it stand for 5 minutes, filter it into a 25 mL brown volumetric flask, and rinse it several times with a small amount of 95 wt% ethanol until there is no green in the filter paper and residue, finally make up the volume with 95 wt% ethanol, colorimetrically determine the pigment, use 95 wt% ethanol as a blank, measure the absorbance at 665 nm and 649 nm, and calculate the chlorophyll a content W (ug / cm 2 ):W=(13.95×A 665nm -6.88×A 649nm)V×N×S, where A is the absorbance, V is the volume of the extract (mL), N is the dilution factor, and S is the sampling area of the sample (cm 2 ), and record the results in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1 Performance test table

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] Data Analysis:

[0093] As can be seen from Table 1, the moss crusts of Examples 1.1-1.2 can reach a crust coverage of more than 96.5% after 60 days of inoculation, and the chlorophyll a content can also reach 14.6-14.8 ug / cm 2 , proving that the present application uses propagation stage A and propagation stage B alternately, thereby gradually training the adaptability of moss provenance, enabling it to maintain high vitality and growth rate in harsh environments. After multiple propagations, high-vigor crust provenance is finally obtained. The high-vigor crust provenance is inoculated on the rocky slope surface in a certain proportion. Through scientific and reasonable management and maintenance, large-scale coverage of moss crusts can be achieved in a relatively short period of time, thereby effectively improving the ecological environment of the barren mountain rocky slope, preventing soil erosion, and enhancing the stability and diversity of the ecosystem;

[0094] In Examples 2.1-2.4, the present application controlled the dosage of different 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol, thereby controlling the weight ratio of palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol. Among them, the moss crust of Example 2.2 had the highest crust cover and chlorophyll a content of the moss crust 60 days after inoculation. This proves that by strictly controlling the weight ratio of palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol, the present application can maximize the improvement of the salinization of the crust substrate within a reasonable dosage range, thereby strengthening the training of the adaptability of the moss crust.

[0095] In Examples 3.1-3.5, the present application controlled the rotational speed when palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol were blended. Among them, the moss crust of Example 3.2 had the highest crust coverage and chlorophyll a content 60 days after inoculation. This proves that by strictly controlling the rotational speed when palygorskite and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol were blended, the present application was able to maximize the improvement of the salinization of the crust substrate within a reasonable dosage range, thereby strengthening the training of the adaptability of moss crusts.

[0096] The crust coverage and chlorophyll a content of the moss crusts of Examples 4.1-4.2 after 60 days of inoculation were both higher than those of Example 1.1, demonstrating that the present application further controlled the light intensity during the propagation phase A to 22,000-24,000 lx and the humidity to 32-35% RH, which could more accurately simulate real environmental conditions that are unfavorable for moss growth, strengthen the training of the adaptability of moss crusts, and thus effectively improve the adaptability and survival rate of moss crusts in practical applications. This not only helps to improve the growth rate and quality of moss crusts, but also ensures their stable ecological restoration effect in complex and changing natural environments.

[0097] The crust coverage and chlorophyll a content of the moss crusts of Examples 5.1-5.2 after 60 days of inoculation were higher than those of Example 4.1, the crust coverage and chlorophyll a content of the moss crusts of Examples 6.1-6.2 after 60 days of inoculation were higher than those of Example 5.1, and the crust coverage and chlorophyll a content of the moss crusts of Examples 7.1-7.2 after 60 days of inoculation were higher than those of Example 6.1, which proves that the present application further controls the propagation A phase. The light intensity is 12,000-13,000 lx, the humidity is 68-72% RH, and the dosage of saline-alkali amendments and humic acid is strictly controlled. This can more accurately simulate the real environmental conditions conducive to moss growth, strengthen the training of the adaptability of moss crusts, and effectively improve the adaptability and survival rate of moss crusts in practical applications. This not only helps to improve the growth rate and quality of moss crusts, but also ensures its stable ecological restoration effect in complex and changing natural environments.

[0098] The crust coverage and chlorophyll a content of the moss crust of Comparative Example 1-2 after 60 days of inoculation are much lower than those of Example 1.1, which proves that the present application gradually trains the adaptability of the moss seed source by alternating between the propagation stage A and the propagation stage B, so that it can still maintain a high vitality and growth rate in harsh environments. After multiple propagations, a high-vitality crust seed source is finally obtained. The high-vitality crust seed source is inoculated onto the rock slope in a certain proportion. Through scientific and reasonable management and maintenance, large-area coverage of moss crusts can be achieved in a relatively short period of time, thereby effectively improving the ecological environment of the rocky slopes of barren mountains, preventing soil erosion, and enhancing the stability and diversity of the ecosystem.

[0099] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating moss crusts and rock moss substrates for rock slopes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Obtain crust substrate and crust provenance; S2. Preparing a saline-alkali modifier: dispersing palygorskite in water and homogenizing to obtain a palygorskite hydrogel, then adding 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol, stirring at a speed of 13,000-14,000 r / min, filtering to obtain a solid, and drying to obtain a saline-alkali modifier, wherein the weight ratio of palygorskite to 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol is 1:(0.5-2); S3, crust provenance propagation: the crust substrate obtained in step S1 is laid as a substrate layer with a thickness of 1.6-2 cm, and is set aside. The crust provenance obtained in step S1 is laid on top of the substrate layer to obtain a provenance layer with a thickness of 0.8-1 cm, and enters the propagation A phase, specifically: culture for 2-3 days under the conditions of a temperature of 30-35°C, a light intensity of 20000-25000lx, and a humidity of 30-45%RH, and then enters the propagation B phase, specifically: disperse the saline-alkali modifier and humic acid in water, mix them evenly, and then inject them into the substrate layer until the amount of the saline-alkali modifier accounts for 0.5-0.8‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer, and the amount of humic acid accounts for 0.0 8-0.12‰, then lower the temperature to 20-25℃, reduce the light intensity to 10000-15000lx, and increase the humidity to 65-70%RH. Cultivate for 2-3 days. After the end, peel off the seed layer and the matrix layer, grind the seed layer, and lay the crust matrix obtained in step S1 as a new matrix layer with a thickness of 1.6-2cm. Then, lay the ground seed layer on top of the matrix layer to obtain a new seed layer with a thickness of 0.8-1cm. Then, carry out the expansion phase A and the expansion phase B in sequence again. Repeat the expansion phase A and the expansion phase B for a total of 5 times, and peel off the seed layer at the end of the expansion phase B for the 5th time, naturally air-dry, grind, and sieve to obtain high-vitality crust provenance. S4, field inoculation: inoculate the high-vigor crust seed obtained in step S3 onto the rock slope surface at an inoculation rate of 85-90 g / m 2 , moss crust and rock moss matrix can be obtained 60 days from the date of inoculation.

2. The method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the weight ratio of palygorskite to 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol is 1:

1.

3. The method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the rotation speed is 13200 r / min.

4. The method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the light intensity during the propagation phase A is controlled to be 22000-24000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 32-35% RH.

5. The method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of the salt-alkali modifier is controlled to account for 0.60-0.65‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer.

6. The method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the amount of humic acid is controlled to account for 0.10-0.11‰ of the total weight of the substrate layer.

7. The method for cultivating moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the light intensity during the propagation phase B is controlled to be 12000-13000 lx and the humidity is controlled to be 68-72% RH.

8. A moss crust and rock moss substrate for rock slopes obtained by the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The crust coverage of the moss crust and rock moss matrix is not less than 96.5%, and the chlorophyll a content of the moss crust is not less than 14.6ug / cm 2 .

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