An alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor

Abstract

The present invention discloses an alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor, comprising a reactor outer cylinder, a reactor inner cylinder, a central electrode, a high-voltage electrode lead, and a low-voltage electrode lead; the reactor outer cylinder is provided with a heat source; the upper and lower portions of the reactor inner cylinder are mounted inside the reactor outer cylinder via a first flange; the upper and lower portions of the reactor outer cylinder are further provided with a second flange outside the first flange, forming a first insulating space between the first flange and the second flange; the outer portion of the reactor inner cylinder is sprayed with an insulating coating, and a second insulating space is formed between the reactor outer cylinder; and a magnetic catalyst accommodating space is formed inside the reactor inner cylinder. In the present invention, the electromagnetic field generated by the central electrode and the reactor inner cylinder magnetizes the catalyst, enhancing the magnetic field strength, and polarizes the reactant molecules of the raw reaction gas. Under the influence of a specific frequency, the adsorption of reversible reaction reactants and the desorption of products are accelerated, thereby accelerating the reaction rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of renewable energy utilization, and in particular to an alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor. Background Art

[0002] Global warming has had a severe impact on human society and ecosystems. Greenhouse gas emissions are a major contributing factor. Climate change is leading to increased extreme weather, rising sea levels, and biodiversity loss, while also posing significant challenges to food security, water resources, energy supply, and human health. Achieving the dual carbon goals will require addressing climate change, protecting the ecological environment, and addressing human well-being. The international community widely recognizes the importance of addressing climate change and has reached consensus under international climate frameworks such as the Paris Agreement. Most countries and regions have set carbon emission reduction targets, pledging to achieve net zero emissions or carbon neutrality within the coming decades. Therefore, achieving the dual carbon goals is urgent. Traditional energy models, such as the use of fossil fuels, have severe impacts on the environment and climate. Dependence on fossil fuels leads to energy security issues, environmental pollution, and resource depletion caused by overexploitation. Shifting to renewable and low-carbon energy sources, such as solar, wind, and nuclear power, is the future direction of sustainable energy development. Achieving the dual carbon goals requires accelerating energy transformation, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and promoting the development and utilization of renewable energy.

[0003] Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, produce minimal or no greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, traditional fossil fuel power generation produces significant greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. Developing renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impact of climate change on the environment and human society. Developing renewable energy can reduce dependence on limited resources and achieve sustainable energy development. Traditional energy models rely more heavily on imported fossil fuels, which can lead to unstable energy supply and national energy security risks. Developing renewable energy can reduce dependence on imported energy, improve energy supply stability and national energy security. Furthermore, the use of renewable energy can reduce reliance on a single energy source and enhance the resilience of the energy system. Traditional fossil fuel power generation produces significant amounts of air and water pollutants, posing threats to ecosystems and human health. Renewable energy, on the other hand, emits virtually no greenhouse gases, has a minimal impact on the environment and ecosystems, and contributes to protecting the natural environment and biodiversity.

[0004] Green hydrogen energy storage refers to the use of renewable energy (such as solar and wind energy) to produce green hydrogen through water electrolysis. Energy is stored for use when needed. Green hydrogen has the potential to become an important technology for clean energy storage and conversion, but hydrogen has the characteristics of low density and difficulty in liquefaction. Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature with a density of only 0.0899g / L. It requires -252.7°C to liquefy at normal pressure. These factors lead to low hydrogen transportation efficiency. In addition, the extremely small size of hydrogen molecules can lead to hydrogen embrittlement. The so-called hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon refers to the extremely small radius of hydrogen molecules, which causes hydrogen to overflow from the container through micropores under high pressure or react with metal containers, reducing the strength of the material and causing cracking, that is, hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, the storage of hydrogen has very high material requirements, which also restricts the development of hydrogen storage and transportation.

[0005] In recent years, hydrogen-containing compounds such as green ammonia and green methanol have garnered increasing attention. Compared to the demanding 700 bar high-pressure compression or -253°C liquefaction conditions required for hydrogen energy storage, ammonia can be liquefied at mild conditions of 10 bar at 20°C or 1 bar at -33°C. Ammonia has an extremely high volumetric energy storage density. During combustion, ammonia produces nitrogen and water, which enter the natural circulation system directly without human intervention. Ammonia is also a raw material for nitrogen fertilizer and has a crucial impact on global agriculture. Over the past century or so, the traditional synthetic ammonia industry has developed significantly, with humans mastering ammonia synthesis technology and the safe use of liquid ammonia, and establishing comprehensive liquid ammonia storage and transportation infrastructure worldwide. Furthermore, ammonia has a high autoignition temperature and narrow explosion limits, making it an inherently safe energy storage medium. Therefore, ammonia is considered the ultimate energy source of the future.

[0006] Methanol is both an important chemical raw material and a fuel. Due to its chemical properties, it acts as an energy carrier. Methanol can also produce hydrogen through catalytic cracking reactions, and therefore can also serve as a hydrogen carrier to promote its storage, transportation, and application. As an energy carrier, methanol can serve as a clean energy source. Secondly, the technology for synthesizing methanol from hydrogen and for its storage and transportation is mature, and methanol is easier to store and transport. The technology for producing hydrogen through catalytic reforming of methanol is mature, enabling reversible conversion between hydrogen and methanol, which can facilitate hydrogen storage and transportation. Finally, methanol has a fast combustion rate, low ignition energy, and good combustion stability, making it a high-quality fuel.

[0007] Traditional synthetic ammonia and synthetic methanol are harsh reactions with high energy consumption, high temperature and high pressure. The traditional synthetic ammonia process is called the Haber-Bosch process, which is achieved by reacting hydrogen prepared from fossil fuels with nitrogen separated from air. Its basic reaction principle is N2+3H2=2NH3. The reaction occurs at 500°C and an atmospheric pressure of 20-30MPa. It is a high-energy-consuming and high-carbon emission process, consuming 1% of the world's energy and emitting 2% of the world's carbon dioxide. Traditional methanol production uses fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas to react with water and oxygen to obtain synthesis gas raw materials (carbon oxides and hydrogen). It is divided into low-pressure, medium-pressure and high-pressure methods. The reaction pressure ranges from 5MPa to 30MPa, and the temperature reaches 300-500°C. The synthesis of 1 ton of methanol requires the emission of about 3 tons of carbon dioxide, which is also a high-energy-consuming and high-carbon emission process.

[0008] Therefore, the development of green ammonia and green methanol production under mild conditions is of great practical significance. Low-temperature and low-pressure operating conditions can better combine with the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy. Chemical synthesis under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions has certain safety risks because high pressure and high temperature increase the operating pressure and temperature of the equipment. Low-temperature and low-pressure catalytic synthesis of ammonia can reduce these risks and improve the safety of the reaction. In addition, mild catalytic methods can achieve high selectivity and high activity catalysis for specific reactions by designing new low-temperature and low-pressure catalysts or improving the structure and performance of existing catalysts, which helps to improve the efficiency of the reaction and the purity of the product, as well as reduce the occurrence of side reactions. Mild catalysis has lower investment costs, relatively simple reaction device design and short response time, which is very important for industrial application and economic efficiency. By reducing production costs and improving production efficiency, it can promote the practical application and commercialization of new products.

[0009] Recently, it has been discovered that introducing high-voltage, high-frequency alternating electromagnetic fields into the aforementioned reactions can significantly reduce the required temperature and pressure, making the reaction conditions milder and more compatible with clean energy. However, during the design process, it was discovered that the introduction of electric fields into the metal reactor also presented insulation issues. Therefore, proper reactor design is crucial to address both insulation and airtightness. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor.

[0011] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0012] A first aspect of the present invention provides an alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor comprising a reactor outer cylinder, a reactor inner cylinder, a central electrode, a high-voltage electrode lead, and a low-voltage electrode lead;

[0013] The outer cylinder of the reactor is provided with a heat source;

[0014] The upper and lower portions of the reactor inner cylinder are mounted inside the reactor outer cylinder via first flanges. The upper and lower portions of the reactor outer cylinder are further provided with second flanges on the outside of the first flanges, with a first insulating space formed between the first flange and the second flanges. The outer portion of the reactor inner cylinder is sprayed with an insulating coating, and a second insulating space is formed between the reactor outer cylinder and the reactor inner cylinder. A magnetic catalyst accommodating space is formed inside the reactor inner cylinder. The first flange is located inside the reactor inner cylinder, and air holes are formed on the second flange.

[0015] The central electrode is arranged inside the inner tube of the reactor and is connected through the high-voltage electrode lead that passes through the first flange, the first insulating space, and the second flange in sequence; the low-voltage electrode lead is electrically connected to the inner tube of the reactor and is connected through the first flange, the first insulating space, and the second flange in sequence; the connection positions of the high-voltage electrode lead and the low-voltage electrode lead are provided with sealing insulating gaskets, and the sealing insulating gaskets are provided with a cooling device; the outside of the high-voltage electrode lead and the low-voltage electrode lead are both provided with insulating tubes.

[0016] Furthermore, the heat source is a heating furnace, and a heat-insulating material is provided on the outside of the outer cylinder of the reactor.

[0017] Furthermore, the material of the insulating coating is aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or silicon dioxide.

[0018] Furthermore, the inner tube of the reactor is made of a metal material such as Q345R, 316L, 15CrMoR, 12CrMo, 16Mn or 15MnV, and the central electrode is made of a metal material such as Q345R, 316L, 15CrMoR, 12CrMo, 16Mn or 15MnV.

[0019] Furthermore, the sealing insulating gasket is made of PTFE, fluororubber or bakelite.

[0020] Furthermore, the cooling device is a water-cooling circuit cooling device.

[0021] Furthermore, the catalyst contained in the magnetic catalyst containing space is specifically a catalyst activated by an electromagnetic field.

[0022] Furthermore, the catalyst activated by the electromagnetic field comprises a multi-material having a magnetic substance as an active component and a co-catalyst.

[0023] Furthermore, the magnetic material includes one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium and nickel-iron-manganese;

[0024] The promoter includes one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, magnesium aluminum spinel, calcium aluminate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, and calcium titanate.

[0025] Furthermore, the output ends of the high-voltage electrode lead and the low-voltage electrode lead are externally connected to a special power supply.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic field generated by the central electrode and the inner tube of the reactor magnetizes the catalyst to enhance the magnetic field strength, and polarizes the reactant molecules of the raw reaction gas. Under the influence of a specific frequency, the adsorption of reversible reaction reactants and the desorption of products are accelerated, thereby accelerating the reaction rate.

[0028] At the same time, the contradiction between the air tightness and electrical insulation of the traditional fixed-bed reactor is solved. First, the electric field inner cylinder (i.e., the reactor inner cylinder) with poor pressure bearing capacity is placed inside the fixed-bed reactor (reactor outer cylinder). It only needs to be resistant to high temperature but not high pressure. The high-pressure resistant reactor outer cylinder and the electric field inner cylinder (reactor inner cylinder) where the electric field is generated are isolated by an insulating coating and a second insulating space serving as an air insulation layer, avoiding electromagnetic field failure and the dangerous situation of the outer shell being charged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A half-side schematic diagram of an alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] In the figure, 1-reactor outer cylinder, 2-reactor inner cylinder, 3-center electrode, 4-high-voltage electrode lead, 5-low-voltage electrode lead, 6-first flange, 7-second flange, 8-first insulating space, 9-insulating coating, 10-second insulating space, 11-magnetic catalyst accommodating space, 12-sealing insulating gasket, 13-insulating cylinder, 14-metal part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is apparent that the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "up," "down," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inside," and "outside" are based on the directions or positional relationships described in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention.

[0034] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0035] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a half side of an alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown, comprising a reactor outer cylinder 1, a reactor inner cylinder 2, a central electrode 3, a high-voltage electrode lead 4, and a low-voltage electrode lead 5;

[0036] The outer cylinder 1 of the reactor is provided with a heat source (not shown in the figure);

[0037] The upper and lower portions of the reactor inner tube 2 are mounted inside the reactor outer tube 1 via first flanges 6. Second flanges 7 are further provided on the upper and lower portions of the reactor outer tube 1 on the outside of the first flanges 6, with a first insulating space 8 formed between the first flange 6 and the second flange 7. An insulating coating 9 is sprayed onto the exterior of the reactor inner tube 2, and a second insulating space 10 is formed between the reactor inner tube 2 and the reactor outer tube 1. A magnetic catalyst accommodating space 11 is formed inside the reactor inner tube 2. Air holes are provided at the location of the first flange 6 inside the reactor inner tube 2 and on the second flange 7 (the direction of the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of the raw material reaction gas in one exemplary embodiment).

[0038] The central electrode 3 is arranged inside the inner tube 2 of the reactor and is connected to the high-voltage electrode lead 4 which passes through the first flange 6, the first insulating space 8 and the second flange 7 in sequence; the low-voltage electrode lead 5 is electrically connected to the inner tube of the reactor and is connected to the reactor through the first flange 6, the first insulating space 8 and the second flange 7 in sequence; a sealing insulating gasket 12 is provided at the connection position of the high-voltage electrode lead 4 and the low-voltage electrode lead 5, and the sealing insulating gasket 12 is provided with a cooling device (not shown in the figure); an insulating tube 13 is provided on the outside of the high-voltage electrode lead 4 and the low-voltage electrode lead 5.

[0039] Specifically, in the alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor provided in this exemplary embodiment, a heat source arranged in the outer tube 1 of the reactor controls the temperature of the entire reactor, and the magnetic catalyst containing space 11 of the inner tube 2 of the reactor is filled with catalysts for different purposes. The high-voltage electrode lead 4 for generating the alternating electromagnetic field is connected to the central electrode 3, while the low-voltage electrode lead 5 is fixed to the inner tube 2 of the reactor. The high-voltage electrode lead 4 and the low-voltage electrode lead 5 are sequentially connected through the first flange 6, the first insulating space 8, and the second flange 7 (preferably an external special power supply), and are responsible for generating an alternating electromagnetic field, wherein the alternating electromagnetic field includes an electric field and a magnetic field generated by alternating current.

[0040] Take the case of the lower half of the reactor with the electrode-related equipment in the catalytic reaction process (i.e. Figure 1 The reactor shown is the gas outlet side, and it is preferably arranged vertically, and the figure only shows it horizontally). The raw reaction gas enters the magnetic catalyst holding space 11 through the air inlet hole at the upper part of the reactor outer tube 1 (the second flange 7 at the upper part of the reactor outer tube 1), the air hole at the position of the first flange 6 corresponding to the upper part of the reactor outer tube 1 located inside the reactor inner tube 2, and under the action of the alternating electromagnetic field and the catalyst (temperature and pressure are controllable), a catalytic reaction is carried out to generate product gas, which is then sent out through the air hole at the position of the first flange 6 corresponding to the lower part of the reactor outer tube 1 located inside the reactor inner tube 2, the first insulating space 8, and the air hole of the second flange 7 (i.e. Figure 1 (direction of the arrow in the figure). Where,

[0041] It should be noted that:

[0042] (1) In this exemplary embodiment, the electromagnetic field generated by the central electrode 3 and the inner tube 2 of the reactor magnetizes the catalyst to enhance the magnetic field strength and polarizes the reactant molecules of the raw reaction gas. Under the influence of a specific frequency, the adsorption of the reactants of the reversible reaction and the desorption of the products are accelerated, thereby accelerating the reaction rate.

[0043] (2) In this exemplary embodiment, the contradiction between the airtightness and electrical insulation of the traditional fixed-bed reactor is resolved. First, the electric field inner cylinder (i.e., the reactor inner cylinder 2) with poor pressure bearing capacity is placed inside the fixed-bed reactor (reactor outer cylinder 1). It only needs to withstand high temperature but not high pressure. The high-pressure resistant reactor outer cylinder 1 (preferably a metal shell) is isolated from the electric field inner cylinder (reactor inner cylinder 2) where the electric field is generated by an insulating coating 9 and a second insulating space 10 as an air insulating layer, thereby avoiding the dangerous situation of electromagnetic field failure and the shell being charged.

[0044] (3) Compared with the method of insulating and isolating the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 of the reactor by a ceramic cylinder, in this exemplary embodiment, the insulating coating 9 is sprayed on the outer side of the inner cylinder 2 of the reactor, which has the following advantages:

[0045] More effective sealing is required under high-level pressure. If the temperature is below 200°C, rubber can also meet the requirements. However, the equipment application environment of this exemplary embodiment usually has an operating temperature exceeding 300°C, and the rubber material fails due to its heat resistance, while the metal sealing and insulation requirements do not meet them. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve both insulation and airtightness at high temperatures. The ceramic cylinder is set separately, and its strength is insufficient and it is highly brittle. It is easily affected by impact and stress concentration and will be crushed, thereby losing its insulation effect. Especially for the electromagnetic catalytic reaction in the form of this exemplary embodiment, the pressure will reach more than 5Mpa or even 10Mpa (for example, in the chemical reaction of synthesizing ammonia where the number of molecules decreases, an increase in pressure is conducive to an increase in ammonia concentration, which is why this exemplary embodiment considers increasing the design pressure). If the ceramic cylinder is directly pressed against the inner tube 2 of the reactor, the effect of this application cannot be achieved, because high air pressure is very sensitive to the existence of gaps, and this non-spraying method of pressing cannot isolate the influence of pressure.

[0046] In contrast, this exemplary embodiment sprays the insulating coating 9 directly onto the outside of the reactor inner tube 2. This combination of the two enhances the bonding strength of the insulating coating 9, achieving insulation under high pressure and isolating the reactor from pressure. Furthermore, spraying the insulating coating 9 onto the outside of the reactor inner tube 2 is technologically simple to implement. First, the insulating coating 9 is uniformly and intensely sprayed onto the hollowed-out outer surface of the reactor inner tube 2 before the equipment is installed. This avoids the inconvenience of subsequent installation and the difficulty of the spray equipment's nozzle spraying uniformly and intensely onto the inside of the reactor outer tube 1 (due to size limitations and difficulty reaching in for uniform, high-intensity spraying).

[0047] (4) In the prior art, the sealing (sealing insulating gasket 12) under high temperature and high pressure conditions in the industry is currently achieved by conductive metal gaskets or graphite gaskets. However, the present exemplary embodiment needs to consider the insulation problem, so only insulating materials such as PTFE, fluororubber or bakelite can be considered as the sealing insulating gasket 12. Since these insulating materials are not resistant to high temperatures, it is difficult to achieve both insulation and airtightness at high temperatures. Therefore, in the present exemplary embodiment, cooling is required at the sealing location to ensure that the sealing insulating gasket 12 does not soften, that is, the sealing insulating gasket 12 is provided with a cooling device.

[0048] (5) In this exemplary embodiment, a first insulating space 8 is formed between the first flange 6 and the second flange 7, isolating the inner side of the reactor inner tube 2 from the metal portion 14 at the lower portion of the reactor outer tube 1, thereby isolating the inductive discharge.

[0049] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the heat source is a heating furnace, and a heat-insulating material is provided on the outside of the reactor outer cylinder 1 .

[0050] Specifically, in this exemplary embodiment, the reactor outer tube 1 is heated by a heating furnace (e.g., a tubular furnace) with programmable temperature control and heat preservation functions. The heat preservation material is quartz wool, diatomaceous earth, expanded perlite, etc., which provides heat preservation and insulation.

[0051] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the material of the insulating coating 9 is aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or silicon dioxide to ensure internal insulation strength.

[0052] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the reactor inner tube 2 is made of a metal material such as Q345R, 316L, 15CrMoR, 12CrMo, 16Mn or 15MnV, and the central electrode 3 is made of a metal material such as Q345R, 316L, 15CrMoR, 12CrMo, 16Mn or 15MnV.

[0053] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the cooling device is a water cooling circuit cooling device.

[0054] Specifically, in this exemplary embodiment, a water cooling circuit is added to the sealing insulating gasket 12 to reduce the temperature, forming a low-temperature and high-pressure state, ensuring that the insulating material is not damaged by high temperature and extending the service life of the passage.

[0055] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the catalyst contained in the magnetic catalyst containing space 11 is specifically a catalyst activated by an electromagnetic field. More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the catalyst activated by an electromagnetic field includes a multi-material having a magnetic substance as an active component and a promoter. More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the magnetic substance includes one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt nickel, cobalt iron, cobalt chromium, cobalt manganese, nickel iron, nickel chromium, nickel manganese, iron chromium, iron manganese, chromium manganese, cobalt nickel iron, cobalt nickel chromium, cobalt nickel manganese, cobalt iron chromium, cobalt iron manganese, nickel iron chromium and nickel iron manganese; the promoter includes one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, magnesium aluminum spinel, calcium aluminate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate and calcium titanate.

[0056] More preferably, in an exemplary embodiment, the outlet ends of the high-voltage electrode lead 4 and the low-voltage electrode lead 5 are externally connected to a special power supply. When the special power supply is in operation, it is fed with direct current or alternating current generated by a high-power high-frequency AC / DC special power supply.

[0057] At the same time, both the high-voltage electrode lead 4 and the low-voltage electrode lead 5 are made of high-temperature-resistant pure nickel mica wire (as well as the center electrode 3), and the exterior should be coated with a high-strength, insulating, and high-temperature-resistant material. In addition, temperature and pressure sensors can be introduced for parameter detection and control.

[0058] The following content will present three embodiments (and corresponding comparative examples). The three embodiments are data corresponding to the reaction of the raw material reaction gas under the device of this exemplary embodiment. The three comparative examples are data comparisons corresponding to the reaction of the raw material reaction gas under the device of this exemplary embodiment without the electromagnetic excitation part:

[0059] Example 1

[0060] Specifically, in the embodiment, the reactor outer tube 1 is heated to 100-500°C in a tubular furnace, and the raw reaction gases of nitrogen and hydrogen (nitrogen to hydrogen ratio of 1:3) at a pressure of 1-10 MPa enter the reactor inner tube 2 through the air inlet and come into contact with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a multi-material catalyst having a magnetic substance as an active component, wherein the magnetic substance is one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-iron-manganese. In addition to the active substance, the catalyst also includes a promoter, which is one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, magnesium-aluminum spinel, calcium aluminate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, and calcium titanate.

[0061] At the same time, a high-power, high-frequency special power supply introduces a high-voltage, high-frequency electromagnetic field with parameters of 1-50 kV, 1-15 kHz, 100-1000 mA, and 50-1000 mT of magnetic induction into the reactor inner tube 2 via high-voltage electrode leads 4 and low-voltage electrode leads 5. The electric field is an alternating electric field with a waveform composed of one or more of a rectangular wave, a sine wave, a cosine wave, a triangle wave, or any other variable function waveform. The electric field intensity is 3 kV / mm. The catalyst and the raw reaction gas are highly activated by the electromagnetic field and the low-temperature, low-pressure reactor outer tube 1. Nitrogen and hydrogen undergo a highly efficient ammonia synthesis reaction on the surface of the highly active catalyst, efficiently converting nitrogen and hydrogen molecules into ammonia molecules. The actual ammonia concentration is shown in Table 1:

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] In this comparative example, the reactor outer tube 1 is heated to 100-500°C in a tubular furnace, and the raw reaction gases of nitrogen and hydrogen (nitrogen to hydrogen ratio of 1:3) at a pressure of 1-10 MPa enter the reactor inner tube 2 through the air inlet and come into contact with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a multi-component material having a magnetic substance as an active component, wherein the magnetic substance is one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-iron-manganese. In addition to the active substance, the catalyst also includes a promoter, which is one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, magnesium-aluminum spinel, calcium aluminate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, and calcium titanate.

[0064] The catalyst and raw reaction gas are highly activated by the low-temperature, low-pressure reactor cylinder. Nitrogen and hydrogen react efficiently on the surface of the highly active catalyst to form ammonia, with nitrogen and hydrogen molecules being converted into ammonia molecules. The actual ammonia concentration is shown in Table 1:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Table 1 Parameter comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0068] It can be seen that under the same temperature and pressure conditions, the ammonia concentration obtained by the reaction using the equipment of this exemplary embodiment is higher than the ammonia concentration obtained by the reaction using the equipment without the electromagnetic excitation part, and ammonia synthesis can be carried out under some low temperature and low pressure conditions.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] Specifically, in this embodiment, the reactor outer tube 1 is heated to 100-500° C. in a tubular heating furnace, and the raw materials of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (the ratio of carbon dioxide to hydrogen is 1:3) pressurized at 1-5 MPa enter the reactor inner tube 2 through the air inlet and contact the catalyst. The catalyst is zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide supported, and one or more of the following copper-based catalysts are added: magnetic materials: cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-iron-manganese.

[0071] At this point, a high-power, high-frequency special power supply introduces a high-voltage, high-frequency electromagnetic field with parameters of 1-50 kV, 1-15 kHz, 100-1000 mA, and 50-1000 mT of magnetic induction into the reactor inner tube 2 via high-voltage electrode leads 4 and low-voltage electrode leads 5. The electric field is an alternating electric field with a waveform composed of one or more of a rectangular wave, a sine wave, a cosine wave, a triangular wave, or any other variable function waveform. The electric field intensity is 3 kV / mm. The catalyst and the raw reaction gas are highly activated by the electric field and the heated and pressurized reactor inner tube 2. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen undergo an efficient methane hydrogenation reaction on the surface of the highly active catalyst. Under low temperature and low pressure conditions, the carbon dioxide and hydrogen molecules are efficiently converted into methanol molecules. The actual concentration of methanol is shown in Table 2:

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] In this comparative example, the outer tube 1 of the reactor is heated to 100-500° C. in a tubular heating furnace, and raw reaction gases of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (the ratio of carbon dioxide to hydrogen is 1:3) pressurized at 1-5 MPa enter the interior of the inner tube 2 of the reactor through the air inlet and contact the catalyst. The catalyst is zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide supported, and a copper-based catalyst of one or more of the following magnetic materials is added: cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-iron-manganese.

[0074] The catalyst and raw reaction gas are activated by the heated and pressurized reactor inner barrel 2. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen undergo a highly efficient carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction on the active catalyst surface, efficiently converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen molecules into methanol molecules. The actual methanol concentration is shown in Table 2:

[0075] Table 2

[0076]

[0077] Table 2 Parameter comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2

[0078] It can be seen that under the same temperature and pressure conditions, the partial CO2 conversion rate is higher and the methanol selectivity is higher when the reaction is carried out using the device of this exemplary embodiment compared with the reaction carried out using the device without the electromagnetic excitation part.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] Specifically, in the embodiment, the reactor outer tube 1 is heated to 400-750°C in a tubular heating furnace, and the pressurized 1.5 MPa raw methane gas enters the reactor inner tube 2 through the air inlet and contacts the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a multi-material containing a magnetic substance such as magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, and potassium oxide as an active component, wherein the magnetic substance is one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-iron-manganese. In addition to the active substance, the catalyst further comprises a promoter, which is one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia-aluminum spinel, calcium aluminate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, and calcium titanate.

[0081] At this point, a high-power, high-frequency special power supply introduces a high-voltage, high-frequency electromagnetic field with parameters of 1-50 kV, 1-15 kHz, 100-1000 mA, and 50-1000 mT of magnetic induction into the reactor inner tube 2 via high-voltage electrode leads 4 and low-voltage electrode leads 5. The electric field is an alternating electric field with a waveform composed of one or more of a rectangular wave, a sine wave, a cosine wave, a triangular wave, or any other variable function waveform. The electric field intensity is 3 kV / mm. The catalyst and the raw reaction gas are highly activated by the electric field and the heated and pressurized reactor inner tube 2. Methane undergoes an efficient cracking reaction on the surface of the highly active catalyst, efficiently converting methane molecules into hydrogen and carbon molecules. The hydrogen concentration is shown in Table 3:

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] In this comparative example, the reactor outer tube 1 is heated to 400-750°C in a tubular furnace, and raw reaction gas methane, pressurized at 0.5-5 MPa, enters the reactor inner tube 2 through an air inlet and comes into contact with the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a multi-material active component containing a magnetic substance such as magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, and potassium oxide. The magnetic substance is one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-iron-manganese. In addition to the active substance, the catalyst also comprises a promoter, which is one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, magnesia-aluminum spinel, calcium aluminate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, and calcium titanate.

[0084] Under the activation of the catalyst and raw reaction gas in the heated and pressurized reactor inner tube 2, methane undergoes efficient cracking reaction on the surface of the highly active catalyst, and methane molecules are converted into hydrogen molecules and carbon molecules. The concentration of hydrogen is shown in Table 3:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Table 3 Parameter comparison between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3

[0088] It can be seen that under the same temperature and pressure conditions, the methane conversion rate is higher when the reaction is carried out using the equipment of this exemplary embodiment than when the reaction is carried out using the equipment without the electromagnetic excitation part; and at a temperature of 750°C, a pressure of 1.5MPa, an electric field strength of 3kV / mm, and a magnetic induction intensity of 200mT, the methane conversion rate is as high as 95%.

[0089] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above descriptions. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor, characterized in that: It includes a reactor outer cylinder, a reactor inner cylinder, a central electrode, a high-voltage electrode lead and a low-voltage electrode lead; The outer cylinder of the reactor is provided with a heat source; The upper and lower portions of the reactor inner cylinder are mounted inside the reactor outer cylinder via first flanges. The upper and lower portions of the reactor outer cylinder are further provided with second flanges on the outside of the first flanges, with a first insulating space formed between the first flange and the second flanges. The outer portion of the reactor inner cylinder is sprayed with an insulating coating, and a second insulating space is formed between the reactor outer cylinder and the reactor inner cylinder. A magnetic catalyst accommodating space is formed inside the reactor inner cylinder. The first flange is located inside the reactor inner cylinder, and air holes are formed on the second flange. The central electrode is arranged inside the inner tube of the reactor and is connected through the high-voltage electrode lead that passes through the first flange, the first insulating space, and the second flange in sequence; the low-voltage electrode lead is electrically connected to the inner tube of the reactor and is connected through the first flange, the first insulating space, and the second flange in sequence; the connection positions of the high-voltage electrode lead and the low-voltage electrode lead are provided with sealing insulating gaskets, and the sealing insulating gaskets are provided with a cooling device; the outside of the high-voltage electrode lead and the low-voltage electrode lead are both provided with insulating tubes.

2. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat source is a heating furnace, and a heat-insulating material is provided on the outside of the reactor outer cylinder.

3. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the insulating coating is aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or silicon dioxide.

4. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner tube of the reactor is made of metal such as Q345R, 316L, 15CrMoR, 12CrMo, 16Mn or 15MnV, and the central electrode is made of metal such as Q345R, 316L, 15CrMoR, 12CrMo, 16Mn or 15MnV.

5. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing insulating gasket is made of PTFE, fluororubber or bakelite.

6. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling device is a water cooling circuit cooling device.

7. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst contained in the magnetic catalyst containing space is specifically a catalyst activated by an electromagnetic field.

8. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The catalyst activated by electromagnetic field comprises a multi-material with magnetic substance as an active component and a co-catalyst.

9. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The magnetic material includes one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt-nickel, cobalt-iron, cobalt-chromium, cobalt-manganese, nickel-iron, nickel-chromium, nickel-manganese, iron-chromium, iron-manganese, chromium-manganese, cobalt-nickel-iron, cobalt-nickel-chromium, cobalt-nickel-manganese, cobalt-iron-chromium, cobalt-iron-manganese, nickel-iron-chromium and nickel-iron-manganese; The promoter includes one or more of silicon oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, magnesium oxide, chromium oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, magnesium aluminum spinel, calcium aluminate, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, and calcium titanate.

10. The alternating electromagnetic field catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output ends of the high-voltage electrode lead and the low-voltage electrode lead are externally connected to a special power supply.

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