A laser welding robot

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, and specifically relates to a laser welding robot; it includes a robot body and a welding seat connected to the output end of the robot body; a welding torch is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the welding seat; an annular groove is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat; the annular groove is concentric with the center of the lower surface of the welding seat; the annular groove is arranged close to the edge of the lower surface of the welding seat; a sheath is movably connected in the annular groove; the lower end of the sheath can extend or retract from the notch of the annular groove; after the lower end of the sheath extends from the notch of the annular groove, it can block the welding torch; by blocking the welding torch with the sheath during the welding process, the present invention can, on the one hand, intercept the debris generated during welding, and on the other hand, avoid the diffusion of the fumes generated during welding, so that the fumes can be smoothly concentrated and sucked away by the air pump, avoiding the impact of the fumes on the working environment and the health of personnel. Compared with the original fume treatment method, it is more centralized and has higher efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, and more specifically, to a laser welding robot. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding is a high-energy density welding technology. By using a high-energy laser beam generated by a laser, after being focused by a lens system into an extremely small spot, the focused laser beam irradiates the surface of the workpiece, causing the local area to heat up and melt, forming a molten pool. By moving the laser beam and / or the workpiece, the melted metal is joined together to form a weld seam. A laser welding robot is one of the common laser welding devices.

[0003] During the laser welding process, fumes are generated. This is because during the laser welding process, the metal surface in the welding area is heated to a high temperature, which may cause gasification and oxidation reactions, resulting in the generation of smoke. These fumes and smoke may have a negative impact on the working environment and the health of the operator. Therefore, during laser welding, some measures are usually taken to control and handle the fumes. The conventional way to handle fumes is to cover the outside of the welding robot with a welding housing, and the fumes generated by the welding of the welding robot inside the welding housing are sucked away by an air pump attached to the welding housing. However, for some large workpieces, the general welding robot is an open welding, making the original method of covering and absorbing fumes with a welding housing inapplicable.

[0004] In view of this, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a laser welding robot to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a laser welding robot. During the welding process, the present invention shields the welding torch through a sheath. On the one hand, it can intercept the debris generated by welding, and on the other hand, it can prevent the fumes generated by welding from spreading, enabling the fumes to be smoothly sucked away centrally by the air pump, avoiding the impact of the fumes on the working environment and the health of personnel. Compared with the original fume treatment method, it is more centralized and has higher efficiency.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A laser welding robot described in the present invention includes a robot body and a welding seat connected to the output end of the robot body; a welding torch is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the welding seat; an annular groove is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat; the annular groove is concentric with the center of the lower surface of the welding seat; the annular groove is arranged near the edge of the lower surface of the welding seat; a sheath is movably connected in the annular groove; the lower end of the sheath can extend or retract out of the notch of the annular groove; after the lower end of the sheath extends out of the notch of the annular groove, it can block the welding torch; an air suction groove is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat; a filter screen is provided at the notch of the air suction groove; the bottom of the air suction groove is communicated with an air pipe; the other end of the air pipe is communicated with an air pump; the welding robot is controlled by a controller to operate.

[0007] Preferably, the sheath is formed by surrounding a plurality of arc-shaped plates; adjacent arc-shaped plates are slidably and sealingly connected; the lower ends of the plurality of arc-shaped plates can adapt to the surface of the workpiece welded by the welding torch.

[0008] Preferably, a driving groove is provided inside the welding seat; the driving groove is located inside the annular groove; a driving plate is slidably and sealingly connected up and down in the driving groove; a driving rod is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the driving plate; the driving rod passes through the lower surface of the welding seat and is arranged near the welding torch; the driving plate divides the driving groove into an upper cavity at the upper position and a lower cavity at the lower position; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity is communicated with the bottom of the annular groove through a driving hole; the sheath is movably and sealingly connected with the annular groove; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity is connected with the upper surface of the driving plate through a first spring.

[0009] Preferably, an avoidance groove is provided on the lower end surface of the driving rod; an avoidance rod is movably connected in the avoidance groove; a second spring is connected between the upper end of the avoidance rod and the bottom of the avoidance groove; the elastic force of the second spring is greater than the elastic force of the first spring; a lower hole is provided in communication with the lower groove wall of the lower cavity and the lower surface of the welding seat; the opening of the lower hole faces the driving rod.

[0010] Preferably, a corrugated groove is provided on the inner groove wall of the annular groove from top to bottom; a movable block is movably connected in the corrugated groove; the movable block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the arc-shaped plates; the movable block can drive the corresponding arc-shaped plate to move along the circumferential and axial directions of the welding seat in the corrugated groove.

[0011] Preferably, the lower cavity is communicated with the outside through a one-way air inlet hole; a one-way valve is provided in the lower hole; outside air enters the lower cavity along the one-way air inlet hole, and the gas in the lower cavity can overcome the one-way valve and be discharged from the lower hole.

[0012] Preferably, the aperture of the one-way air inlet hole is smaller than the aperture of the lower hole; the speed of the driving plate moving upward in the driving groove is less than the speed of moving downward; the speed of the arc-shaped plate extending out of the annular groove is less than the speed of retracting into the annular groove.

[0013] Preferably, one of the vertical contact surfaces of the arc-shaped plate in the circumferential direction is the first contact surface; the other vertical contact surface of the arc-shaped plate in the circumferential direction is the second contact surface; a limiting block is fixedly connected to the middle position of the first contact surface; a vertical limiting groove is provided on the second contact surface; the limiting block is slidably connected in the corresponding limiting groove; in the initial state, the limiting block is located at the middle position of the corresponding limiting groove.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. In the present invention, the welding torch is shielded by the sheath during the welding process. On the one hand, it can intercept the debris generated by welding, and on the other hand, it can prevent the diffusion of the fumes generated by welding, so that the fumes can be smoothly sucked away by the air pump in a centralized manner, avoiding the impact of the fumes on the working environment and the health of personnel. Compared with the original fume treatment method, it is more centralized and has higher efficiency.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the arc-shaped plate is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped plates that are slidably sealed with each other, so that the lower ends of the plurality of arc-shaped plates can be adapted to the surface of the workpiece, reducing the gap between the lower end of the sheath and the workpiece, improving the shielding effect of the sheath on the fumes, enabling the fumes to be better sucked away. In addition, the arc-shaped plate pressed against the workpiece serves the purpose of pressing, improving the stability of the workpiece during the welding process.

[0017] 3. In the present invention, the movable block is movably connected in the corrugated groove, so that the plurality of arc-shaped plates can move back and forth in the circumferential direction during the process of retracting to the inner side of the annular groove, and thus the impurities on the inner wall of the sheath can fall off under the scraping of the notch of the annular groove, improving the stability of the sheath when it returns to the annular groove, enabling the welding torch to be smoothly exposed for observation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a state diagram of the sheath extending out of the annular groove in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a cross-sectional view of

[0022] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged view of part A in

[0023] Figure 5 is a perspective view of the sheath retracting into the annular groove in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 is Figure 5Enlarged view at position B in [the figure];

[0025] Figure 7 It is a position diagram of the corrugated groove in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is Figure 7 Enlarged view at position C in [the figure];

[0027] Figure 9 It is a position diagram of the limiting groove and the limiting block in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 It is Figure 9 Enlarged view at position D in [the figure].

[0029] In the figure: robot body 1, welding seat 2, annular groove 21, suction groove 22, filter screen 23, air pipe 24, drive groove 25, upper cavity 251, lower cavity 252, drive hole 253, lower hole 254, one-way air inlet hole 255, drive plate 26, first spring 27, corrugated groove 28, movable block 29, welding torch 3, sheath 4, arc-shaped plate 41, first contact surface 42, second contact surface 43, limiting block 44, limiting groove 45, drive rod 5, avoidance groove 51, avoidance rod 52, second spring 53. Detailed implementation manners

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the detailed implementation manners.

[0031] As Figures 1 to 10 shown, the present invention includes the following embodiments:

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] A laser welding robot includes a robot body 1 and a welding seat 2 connected to the output end of the robot body 1; a welding torch 3 is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the welding seat 2; an annular groove 21 is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat 2; the annular groove 21 is concentric with the center of the lower surface of the welding seat 2; the annular groove 21 is provided near the edge of the lower surface of the welding seat 2; a sheath 4 is movably connected in the annular groove 21; the lower end of the sheath 4 can extend out or retract into the notch of the annular groove 21; after the lower end of the sheath 4 extends out of the notch of the annular groove 21, it can block the welding torch 3; an air suction groove 22 is provided on the lower surface of the welding seat 2; a filter screen 23 is provided at the notch of the air suction groove 22; the bottom of the air suction groove 22 is communicated with an air pipe 24; the other end of the air pipe 24 is communicated with an air pump; the welding robot is controlled by a controller to operate.

[0034] In this embodiment, the sheath 4 is formed by surrounding a plurality of arc-shaped plates 41; adjacent arc-shaped plates 41 are slidably and sealingly connected; the lower ends of the plurality of arc-shaped plates 41 can adapt to the surface of the workpiece welded by the welding torch 3.

[0035] In this embodiment, a driving groove 25 is provided inside the welding seat 2; the driving groove 25 is located inside the annular groove 21; a driving plate 26 is slidably and sealingly connected up and down in the driving groove 25; a driving rod 5 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the driving plate 26; the driving rod 5 passes through the lower surface of the welding seat 2 and is arranged close to the welding torch 3; the driving plate 26 divides the driving groove 25 into an upper cavity 251 at the upper position and a lower cavity 252 at the lower position; a driving hole 253 is provided for communicating the upper groove wall of the upper cavity 251 and the bottom of the annular groove 21; the sheath 4 is movably and sealingly connected to the annular groove 21; a first spring 27 is provided for connecting the upper groove wall of the upper cavity 251 and the upper surface of the driving plate 26.

[0036] In this embodiment, an avoidance groove 51 is provided on the lower end surface of the driving rod 5; an avoidance rod 52 is movably connected in the avoidance groove 51; a second spring 53 is provided for connecting the upper end of the avoidance rod 52 and the bottom of the avoidance groove 51; the elastic force of the second spring 53 is greater than the elastic force of the first spring 27; a lower hole 254 is provided for communicating the lower groove wall of the lower cavity 252 and the lower surface of the welding seat 2; the opening of the lower hole 254 faces the driving rod 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, a corrugated groove 28 is provided on the inner groove wall of the annular groove 21 from top to bottom; a movable block 29 is movably connected in the corrugated groove 28; the movable block 29 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the arc-shaped plates 41; the movable block 29 can drive the corresponding arc-shaped plate 41 to move along the circumferential and axial directions of the welding seat 2 in the corrugated groove 28.

[0038] During operation, a welding table is placed below the welding torch 3. After the operator places the two workpieces to be welded on the welding table, the controller is activated to control the operation of the robot body 1, which is a robotic arm. The robot body 1 drives the welding seat 2 on the output shaft to approach the welding position of the workpiece. The welding seat 2 drives the welding torch 3, the driving rod 5, and the sheath 4 to move closer to the welding position of the workpiece. The avoidance rod 52 is driven by the driving rod 5 to first contact the workpiece. As the welding seat 2 continues to approach the welding position, the avoidance rod 52 is pressed and drives the driving rod 5 to push the driving plate 26 to move within the driving groove 25. Since the elastic force of the first spring 27 is less than the elastic force of the second spring 53, there is no relative movement between the driving rod 5 and the avoidance groove 51. As the avoidance rod 52 is pressed, the driving rod 5 drives the driving plate 26 to squeeze the upper cavity 251, while the space of the lower cavity 252 becomes larger, and external gas enters the lower cavity 252 for gas replenishment. As the driving plate 26 moves upward within the driving groove 25, the medium in the upper cavity 251 is pressed and enters the annular groove 21 along the driving hole 253, thereby pushing the multiple arc-shaped plates 41 in the annular groove 21 downward. The lower ends of the multiple arc-shaped plates 41 extend out of the corresponding annular grooves 21 under the action of the medium pressure. The multiple arc-shaped plates 41 that extend out of the annular groove 21 can block the welding torch 3. The lower ends of the arc-shaped plates 41 can contact the workpiece. The multiple arc-shaped plates 41 are slidably and sealingly connected to each other, so the multiple arc-shaped plates 41 can be staggered from each other. In this way, the lower ends of the multiple arc-shaped plates 41 can adapt to the surface of the workpiece, reducing the gap between the lower ends of the arc-shaped plates 41 and the workpiece and improving the shielding effect of the arc-shaped plates 41 on the welding of the workpiece. As the welding seat 2 continues to approach the welding position, the arc-shaped plates 41 cannot move further due to the obstruction of the workpiece, so that relative movement occurs between the arc-shaped plates 41 and the annular groove 21 on the welding seat 2, so that the medium between the upper ends of the arc-shaped plates 41 and the bottom of the annular groove 21 is pressed and flows back to the driving hole 253 and enters the driving groove 25 along the driving hole 253. In this way, the driving plate 26 moves within the driving groove 25, increasing the space of the upper cavity 251 and decreasing the space of the lower cavity 252. In this way, the avoidance rod 52 overcomes the second spring 53 and moves into the avoidance hole until the welding torch 3 moves to the welding position; the elastic force of the second spring 53 is transmitted to the medium in the driving groove 25 through the driving plate 26, so that the medium is transmitted to the multiple arc-shaped plates 41. The lower ends of the multiple arc-shaped plates 41 abut against the workpiece, pressing the workpiece to prevent the workpiece from shifting during welding and improving the welding stability;

[0039] After the movement of the welding gun 3 is completed, the controller is started to control the welding gun 3 to perform laser welding on the workpiece. At the same time, the controller controls the air pump to work. The welding gun 3 will generate smoke during the welding process of the workpiece. The smoke enters the suction groove 22 along the filter 23 under the suction force generated by the air pump and is sucked out along the air pipe 24. The smoke is filtered by the filter 23 and sucked away. The multiple arc plates 41 block the welding gun 3, so the smoke generated during the welding process of the welding gun 3 is not easy to leak, so that the smoke can be discharged from the suction groove 22 after being blocked by the arc plate 41. In addition, debris splashes during the welding process, and the inner wall of the arc plate 41 can The robot body 1 controls the welding seat 2 and the welding gun 3 to move along the weld seam, and the welding seat 2 drives the multiple arc plates 41 to move along the weld seam, so that the welding gun 3 can be shielded from welding by the arc plates 41 in time during the moving welding process, so that the fume generated by welding can be smoothly and centrally extracted. Compared with the traditional method of extracting gas in a certain space, the fume extraction of the present invention is more concentrated and more efficient. The external gas will enter the inside of the sheath 4 along the gap between the lower end of the arc plate 41 and the workpiece for gas replenishment;

[0040] After the welding of the workpiece is completed, the welding seat 2 will be lifted away from the workpiece, and the welding seat 2 will drive the welding gun 3 away from the workpiece, and the multiple arc plates 41 will extend further from the annular groove 21, and the avoidance rod 52 will also extend from the avoidance groove 51 under the action of the second spring 53. As the welding seat 2 continues to move away from the workpiece, the avoidance rod 52 breaks away from contact with the workpiece, and the first spring 27 will push the driving plate 26 back. The driving plate 26 is squeezed by the first spring 27 to squeeze the lower cavity 252, so that the gas in the lower cavity 252 is discharged along the lower hole 254, and the lower hole 254 is directed towards the driving rod 5, so that the debris on the surface of the driving rod 5 falls off in time to avoid adhesion. The space of the upper cavity 251 becomes larger during the return process of the driving plate 26 to form a negative pressure, so that the medium in the annular groove 21 enters the driving groove 25 along the driving hole 253 under the action of the negative pressure, so that the multiple arc plates 41 are directed towards The annular groove 21 retracts. Since a movable block 29 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the arc plates 41, and the movable block 29 is movably connected to the corrugated groove 28, the movable block 29 will move from bottom to top in the corrugated groove 28 as the arc plate 41 retracts into the annular groove 21, so that the arc plate 41 connected to the movable block 29 moves back and forth in the circumferential direction while retracting into the annular groove 21. A plurality of arc plates 41 are formed around the sheath 4, so that the entire sheath 4 will produce a circumferential back and forth movement under the movement of the movable block 29, so that the impurities on the inner wall of the sheath 4 are scraped off by the back and forth scraping of the notch of the annular groove 21, so that the debris on the inner wall of the sheath 4 is cleaned. The back and forth scraping has a better cleaning effect, and it is avoided that the residue of the sheath 4 affects the retraction of the annular groove 21. After the inner wall cleaning is completed, the sheath 4 retracts into the annular groove 21 under the action of negative pressure, so that the welding gun 3 is exposed, and the laser welding process of the workpiece is completed.

[0041] In this embodiment, the sheath 4 shields the welding torch 3 during the welding process. On the one hand, it can intercept the debris generated by welding, and on the other hand, it can prevent the diffusion of the fumes generated by welding, enabling the fumes to be smoothly sucked away centrally by the air pump, avoiding the impact of the fumes on the working environment and the health of personnel. Compared with the original fume treatment method, it is more centralized and has higher efficiency;

[0042] In this embodiment, the arc-shaped plate 41 is composed of a plurality of arc-shaped plates 41 that slide and seal with each other, so that the lower ends of the plurality of arc-shaped plates 41 can be adapted to the surface of the workpiece, reducing the gap between the lower end of the sheath 4 and the workpiece, improving the shielding effect of the sheath 4 on the fumes, enabling the fumes to be sucked away better. In addition, the arc-shaped plate 41 pressing against the workpiece serves the purpose of pressing, improving the stability of the workpiece during the welding process;

[0043] In the present invention, the movable block 29 is movably connected in the corrugated groove 28, so that the plurality of arc-shaped plates 41 can move back and forth circumferentially during the process of retracting to the inner side of the annular groove 21, and thus the impurities on the inner wall of the sheath 4 can fall off under the scraping of the notch of the annular groove 21, improving the stability of the sheath 4 when it returns to the annular groove 21 and enabling the welding torch 3 to be smoothly exposed for observation.

[0044] Embodiment 2:

[0045] The lower cavity 252 is communicated with the outside through a one-way air inlet hole 255; a one-way valve is arranged in the lower hole 254; external gas enters the lower cavity 252 along the one-way air inlet hole 255, and the gas in the lower cavity 252 can overcome the one-way valve and be discharged from the lower hole 254.

[0046] In this embodiment, the aperture of the one-way air inlet hole 255 is smaller than the aperture of the lower hole 254; the speed of the driving plate 26 moving upward in the driving groove 25 is less than the speed of moving downward; the speed of the arc-shaped plate 41 extending out of the annular groove 21 is less than the speed of retracting into the annular groove 21.

[0047] During operation, when the driving plate 26 moves upward in the driving groove 25, the space of the lower cavity 252 becomes larger to form a negative pressure, causing external gas to enter the lower cavity 252 along the one-way air inlet hole 255. When the driving plate 26 moves downward in the driving groove 25, the space of the lower cavity 252 becomes smaller, causing the gas in the lower cavity 252 to be compressed and discharged along the lower hole 254, realizing the impact cleaning of debris on the surface of the driving rod 5. Since the aperture of the one-way air inlet hole 255 is smaller than that of the lower hole 254, the upward movement speed of the driving plate 26 in the driving groove 25 is less than the downward movement speed. In this way, the extending speed of the arc-shaped plate 41 in the annular groove 21 is less than the retracting speed into the annular groove 21. Thus, when the welding torch 3 moves upward, the arc-shaped plate 41 will not immediately retract into the annular groove 21. In this way, the flue gas inside the sheath 4 can be more thoroughly sucked away and filtered by the air pump during the delayed retraction of the arc-shaped plate 41, further avoiding the leakage and diffusion of flue gas and further improving safety.

[0048] Embodiment 3:

[0049] One of the vertical contact surfaces of the arc-shaped plate 41 in the circumferential direction is the first contact surface 42; the other vertical contact surface of the arc-shaped plate 41 in the circumferential direction is the second contact surface 43; a limiting block 44 is fixedly connected to the middle position of the first contact surface 42; a vertical limiting groove 45 is provided on the second contact surface 43; the limiting block 44 is slidably connected in the corresponding limiting groove 45; in the initial state, the limiting block 44 is located at the middle position of the corresponding limiting groove 45;

[0050] During operation, since the limiting block 44 is slidably connected in the corresponding limiting groove 45, the contact positions of adjacent arc-shaped plates 41 can be axially staggered from each other by a certain distance on the welding seat 2, so as to satisfy that the lower end of the arc-shaped plate 41 abuts against the uneven workpiece surface, reducing the gap between the workpiece surface and the lower end of the arc-shaped plate 41. More importantly, during the process of multiple arc-shaped plates 41 retracting into the annular groove 21, due to the limitation of the limiting block 44 and the limiting groove 45, the degree of staggering between adjacent arc-shaped plates 41 is restricted. Thus, when there is debris attached to the inner side of one of the arc-shaped plates 41, even if the inner sides of other arc-shaped plates 41 are clean, they cannot be completely retracted into the annular groove 21 under the action of negative pressure. In this way, a certain negative pressure degree in the annular groove 21 is ensured, so that the debris on the inner wall of the arc-shaped plate 41 is scraped off when the arc-shaped plate 41 retracts into the annular groove 21 with a relatively high force, and with the circumferential back-and-forth scraping of multiple arc-shaped plates 41, the cleaning effect of debris on the inner wall of the arc-shaped plate 41 is improved.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the attachedFigure 1 The orientation or positional relationship shown is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0052] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser welding robot, comprising a robot body and a welding seat connected to the output end of the robot body; a welding torch is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the welding seat; characterized in that: The lower surface of the welding base is provided with an annular groove; the annular groove is concentric with the center of the lower surface of the welding base; the annular groove is arranged close to the edge of the lower surface of the welding base; a sheath is movably connected in the annular groove; the lower end of the sheath can extend or retract from the notch of the annular groove; after the lower end of the sheath extends from the notch of the annular groove, it can block the welding torch; the lower surface of the welding base is provided with a suction groove; a filter screen is arranged at the notch of the suction groove; the bottom of the suction groove communicates with a trachea; the other end of the trachea communicates with an air pump; the welding robot is controlled by a controller to operate; The sheath is formed by surrounding multiple arc-shaped plates; adjacent arc-shaped plates are slidably and sealingly connected; the lower ends of the multiple arc-shaped plates can adapt to the surface of the workpiece welded by the welding torch; A driving groove is arranged inside the welding base; the driving groove is located inside the annular groove; a driving plate is slidably and sealingly connected up and down in the driving groove; a driving rod is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the driving plate; the driving rod passes through the lower surface of the welding base and is arranged close to the welding torch; the driving plate divides the driving groove into an upper cavity at the upper position and a lower cavity at the lower position; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity communicates with the bottom of the annular groove through a driving hole; the sheath is movably and sealingly connected with the annular groove; the upper groove wall of the upper cavity is connected with the upper surface of the driving plate through a first spring; Corrugated grooves are arranged on the inner groove wall of the annular groove from top to bottom; movable blocks are movably connected in the corrugated grooves; the movable blocks are fixedly connected to the inner walls of one of the arc-shaped plates; the movable blocks can drive the corresponding arc-shaped plates to move along the circumferential and axial directions of the welding base in the corrugated grooves; One of the vertical contact surfaces of the arc-shaped plate in the circumferential direction is the first contact surface; the other vertical contact surface of the arc-shaped plate in the circumferential direction is the second contact surface; a limiting block is fixedly connected to the middle position of the first contact surface; a vertical limiting groove is arranged on the second contact surface; the limiting block is slidably connected in the corresponding limiting groove; in the initial state, the limiting block is located at the middle position of the corresponding limiting groove.

2. The laser welding robot according to claim 1, wherein: An avoidance groove is arranged on the lower end surface of the driving rod; an avoidance rod is movably connected in the avoidance groove; the upper end of the avoidance rod is connected with the bottom of the avoidance groove through a second spring; the elastic force of the second spring is greater than that of the first spring; the lower groove wall of the lower cavity communicates with the lower surface of the welding base and is provided with a lower hole; the opening of the lower hole faces the driving rod.

3. The laser welding robot according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower cavity communicates with the outside through a one-way air inlet hole; a one-way valve is arranged in the lower hole; the outside gas enters the lower cavity along the one-way air inlet hole, and the gas in the lower cavity can overcome the one-way valve and be discharged from the lower hole.

4. The laser welding robot according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aperture of the one-way air inlet hole is smaller than that of the lower hole; the speed of the driving plate moving up in the driving groove is less than the speed of moving down; the speed of the arc-shaped plate extending from the annular groove is less than the speed of retracting into the annular groove.

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