Laser texturing apparatus and method for enhancing gear end face adhesion to lubricating oil

Abstract

The application provides a laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of gear end face to lubricating oil, the device comprises a rack, the upper surface of the rack is marked as an experimental platform, a positioner and a controller are placed on the experimental platform, the experimental platform is equipped with a lifting mechanism, a gear to be processed is installed on the chuck of the positioner, the controller can control the start and stop of the positioner and the rotation of the chuck, the lifting mechanism can drive the laser head to move up and down to realize the focusing of laser on the gear end face, the laser head is connected with a nanosecond laser through an optical fiber, the laser head and the nanosecond laser are connected with the controller, the nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the nanosecond laser is incident to the laser head, and the nanosecond pulse laser is emitted after sequentially passing through a collimating and expanding mirror, an X-Y scanning galvanometer and a focusing mirror in the laser head; the gear at the chuck is subjected to laser texturing treatment through the nanosecond pulse laser from the laser head. The device and method can reduce the escape of lubricating oil from the gear end face and the gasket.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of a gear end face to lubricating oil. BACKGROUND

[0002] During high-speed rotation of a main shaft or a gear, lubricating oil between the main shaft and the gear is gradually discharged outward due to extrusion, centrifugal force and other reasons, and then escapes from the gap between the gear end face and a gasket, which causes the friction contact area of the main shaft and the gear to lack the support of an oil film, and the friction and wear are serious. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the application provides a laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of a gear end face to lubricating oil.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one aspect of the application provides a laser texturing device for improving the adhesion of a gear end face to lubricating oil, which comprises a rack, the upper surface of the rack is marked as an experimental platform, a positioner and a controller are placed on the experimental platform, a lifting mechanism is assembled on the experimental platform, a gear to be processed is installed on a chuck of the positioner, the start and stop of the positioner and the rotation of the chuck can be controlled through the controller, the lifting mechanism can drive a laser head to move up and down to realize laser focusing on the gear end face, the laser head is connected with a nanosecond laser through an optical fiber, the laser head and the nanosecond laser are connected with the controller, nanosecond pulsed laser emitted by the nanosecond laser is incident to the laser head, and the nanosecond pulsed laser is emitted after sequentially passing through a collimating and expanding mirror, an X-Y scanning galvanometer and a focusing mirror in the laser head.

[0005] Another aspect of the application provides a laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of a gear end face to lubricating oil based on the above-mentioned device, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, assembling a gear to be processed to the positioner, clamping with the chuck, adjusting the position of the chuck to make the end face of the gear parallel to the experimental platform of the rack, and moving the positioner to place the gear directly below the laser head;

[0007] Step 2, adjusting the distance between the laser head and the gear end face to focus the nanosecond pulsed laser on the gear end face;

[0008] Step 3, set the scanning path of the laser texturing on the controller, the scanning path is: a plurality of line frames, each line frame is arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the gear, the line frame is a square with a side length of L, a plurality of filling lines are arranged at equal intervals in the line frame, the distance between two adjacent filling lines is d, and the distance between the two edges of the first and last line frames away from each other along the radial direction of the gear is D, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed, D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear to be processed, the distance between the centers of two adjacent line frames is s, and the scanning path of each line frame is: the nanosecond pulse laser first scans each filling line in sequence, and during scanning, one of the filling lines is scanned in one direction, and then the other filling line adjacent to it is scanned in the opposite direction until all the filling lines are scanned; then the four edges of the line frame are scanned in sequence;

[0009] Step 4, select all the line frames, turn on the red light preview, adjust the position of the displacement machine, so that the red light preview tracks generated by all the line frames are in the radial direction of the gear end face, and the red light preview tracks are irradiated on the gear end face;

[0010] Step 5, through the on-off of the nanosecond laser and the start-stop time of the displacement machine, laser ablation processing is carried out on the gear end face to process a rough surface with a micro-hole density greater than 100 / mm 2 , and a micro-hole depth of h, h>100μm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed is D1, D1 is in the range of 80mm-100mm, and the shaft hole diameter is D2, D2 is in the range of 50mm-70mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, before the step 1, the gear end face is cleaned.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the step 3, the line frame is a square with a side length of L, 0.05mm

[0014] In some embodiments, the step 5 comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 501, the X-Y scanning galvanometer of the laser head executes the scanning path set in step 3, so that the nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the laser head ablates a plurality of micro-holes on the gear end face, that is, each line frame corresponds to a micro-hole, and each micro-hole is arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the gear, and the displacement machine is stationary during the ablation process;

[0016] Step 502, after ablation, the nanosecond laser stops, and the gear is rotated by a preset angle θ Wherein, N is the number of rotations, s is the distance between the centers of adjacent two line frames, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed, and D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear to be processed.

[0017] Step 503, after rotation, repeat step 501, and ablate a plurality of micropores on the gear end face again;

[0018] Step 504, repeat steps 502-503 until the entire gear end face is ablated once, thereby processing a rough surface with a micropore density of p and a micropore depth of h on the gear end face, wherein, w , the micropore depth is h, wherein, s is the distance between the centers of adjacent two line frames, and h>100μm.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step 501, the nanosecond laser outputs a laser repetition frequency of 75kHz-125kHz, a laser power of 80W-100W, and a laser scanning repetition number of 10-20 times, and the scanning speed of the X-Y scanning galvanometer is 5mm / s-20mm / s.

[0020] The laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil can reduce the escape of lubricating oil from between the gear end face and the gasket, store as much lubricating oil as possible between the main shaft and the gear, thereby reducing the friction and wear between the main shaft and the gear, and improving the service life of the main shaft and the gear. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A laser texturing schematic diagram and a line frame schematic diagram in the embodiment are shown.

[0022] Figure 2 A structure schematic diagram of the laser texturing device in the embodiment is shown.

[0023] Figure 3 A macroscopic forming diagram of the gear end face after laser texturing processing is shown.

[0024] Figure 4 A microstructure 3D topography diagram of the gear end face after laser texturing processing is shown.

[0025] The figure legend: 1-frame, 2-lifting mechanism, 3-positioner, 4-laser head, 5-nanosecond laser, 6-controller, 7-screw, 8-lifting platform, 9-motor, 10-chuck, 11-switch, 12-cooling device, 13-housing, 14-focusing mirror, 15-gear, 16-experimental platform, 17-supporting frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe or indicate specific order or sequence, and the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only used to facilitate the description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0028] As shown in Figures 1-2 The laser texturing device for improving the adhesion of gear end face to lubricating oil comprises a rack 1, the upper surface of the rack 1 is marked as an experimental platform 16, a positioner 3 and a controller 6 (such as a computer or the like) are placed on the experimental platform 16, a lifting mechanism 2 is assembled on the experimental platform 16, a gear 15 to be processed is installed on a chuck 10 of the positioner 3, the positioner 3 is controlled by the controller 6, the start and stop of the positioner 3 and the rotation of the chuck 10 can be controlled by the controller 6 to change the position of the gear 15 end face that needs to be laser textured, the lifting mechanism 2 can drive a laser head 4 to move up and down to facilitate focusing the laser on the gear end face, the laser head 4 is connected with a nanosecond laser 5 through an optical fiber, the nanosecond laser 5 is separately arranged from the rack 1, the laser head 4 and the nanosecond laser 5 are connected with the controller 6, nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the nanosecond laser 5 is incident to the laser head 4, and the nanosecond pulse laser is sequentially emitted after passing through a collimating and expanding mirror, an X-Y scanning galvanometer and a focusing mirror 14 in the laser head 4; the gear 15 at the chuck 10 is subjected to laser texturing treatment by the nanosecond pulse laser from the laser head 4.

[0029] The controller 6 controls the on-off and parameter setting of the nanosecond laser 5, such as the repetition frequency, pulse width, wavelength and laser power of the laser output by the nanosecond laser 5. The controller 6 controls the parameter setting of the laser head 4, such as the scanning path, scanning speed and scanning repetition number of the X-Y scanning galvanometer.

[0030] In this embodiment, the lifting mechanism 2 comprises a support frame 17 arranged on the experimental platform 16, a lead screw 7 is rotatably arranged on the support frame 17, a lifting platform 8 is fixedly connected to a nut cooperating with the lead screw 7, and the laser head 4 is assembled at the lifting platform 8. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the laser head 4, the lead screw 7 can be twisted.

[0031] The positioner 3 includes a motor 9, a chuck 10, a switch 11, an emergency stop controller, etc. A gear 15 is installed on the chuck 10 of the positioner 3, and the chuck 10 is driven to rotate by the motor 9, and the operation of the motor 9 is controlled by the controller 6. The positioner 3 is used to realize the rotation of the gear 15 to change the laser texturing position on the end face of the gear 15. The positioner 3 is a known device in the prior art, and no further structural description is made here.

[0032] The laser head 4 includes a cooling device 12, a housing 13, a collimating and expanding mirror, an X-Y scanning galvanometer mirror and the focusing mirror 14 installed in the housing. The laser head 4 is a known device in the prior art, and no further structural description is made here.

[0033] The laser texturing method for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil involves the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, assemble the gear 15 to be processed to the positioner 3, clamp it with the chuck 10, adjust the position of the chuck 10 to make the end face of the gear 15 parallel to the experimental platform 16 of the rack 1, and move the positioner 3 to place the gear 15 directly below the laser head 4.

[0035] In this embodiment, the root circle diameter of the gear 15 to be processed is D1, and D1 is in the range of 80mm to 100mm. The shaft hole diameter is D2, and D2 is in the range of 50mm to 70mm. The root circle diameter and the shaft hole diameter of the gear 15 are constrained to prevent the difference between the two diameters from being too large, which would cause the laser to be severely out of focus when scanning to the edge of the gear 15 end face, resulting in a large spot and a lack of energy concentration, thereby causing the micro-holes prepared at the edge to be not deep enough.

[0036] In order to improve the effect and quality of laser texturing, the end face of the gear 15 needs to be cleaned before the step 1. Specifically, the oil stains and dust and other impurities on the end face of the gear 15 are cleaned and dried to obtain a gear 15 sample with a clean end face. The cleaned end face of the gear 15 can better absorb laser energy and improve the quality of laser texturing. The cleaned end face of the gear 15 can reduce the spatter and reflection of laser energy, protect the safety of the operator, and reduce the damage to the optical elements of the laser. In addition, removing the impurities on the end face of the gear 15 can ensure the stability of the laser beam during processing, thereby improving the processing quality.

[0037] Step 2, adjust the distance between the laser head 4 and the end face of the gear 15 to focus the nanosecond pulse laser on the end face of the gear 15.

[0038] Specifically, the height position of the laser head 4 can be adjusted by the lifting mechanism 2 to focus the nanosecond pulse laser beam emitted by the laser head 4 on the end face of the gear 15.

[0039] Step 3, set the scanning path of the laser texturing on the controller 6, the scanning path is: a plurality of line frames, each line frame is arranged along the radial direction of the gear 15, the line frame is a square with a side length of L, 0.05mm < L < 0.1mm, a plurality of filling lines are arranged at equal intervals in the line frame, the distance between two adjacent filling lines is d, 0.005mm < d < 0.02mm, the distance between the two edges of the first and last line frames away from each other along the radial direction of the gear 15 is D, The distance between the centers of two adjacent line frames is s, and the scanning path of each line frame is: the nanosecond pulse laser first scans each filling line in turn, and during scanning, one of the filling lines is scanned in one direction, and then the other adjacent filling line is scanned in the opposite direction, until all the filling lines are scanned; then the four edges of the line frame are scanned in turn.

[0040] The line frame is a square with a side length of L, 0.05mm < L < 0.1mm, a plurality of filling lines are arranged at equal intervals in the line frame, the distance between two adjacent filling lines is d, 0.005mm < d < 0.02mm, in order to more easily obtain micro-holes on the end surface of the gear 15, thereby replacing the traditional point scanning path, and increasing the heat input for preparing each micro-hole. In this way, it is easier to process micro-holes on the end surface of the gear 15, so that a suitable micro-hole depth h (h > 100μm) can be obtained at a lower repetition rate, thereby improving the processing efficiency.

[0041] Step 4, select all the line frames, turn on the red light preview, adjust the position of the displacement machine 3, so that the red light preview tracks generated by all the line frames are in the radial direction of the end surface of the gear 15, and the red light preview tracks are irradiated on the end surface of the gear 15.

[0042] Step 5, by the on-off of the nanosecond laser 5 and the start-stop time cooperation of the displacement machine 3, laser ablation treatment is carried out on the end surface of the gear 15 to process a rough surface with a micro-hole density greater than 100 / mm 2 , and a micro-hole depth of h, h > 100μm.

[0043] Specifically, the step 5 includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 501, the X-Y scanning galvanometer of the laser head 4 executes the scanning path set in step 3, so that the nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the laser head 4 ablates a plurality of micro-holes on the end surface of the gear 15, that is, each line frame corresponds to a micro-hole, and each micro-hole is arranged along the radial direction of the gear 15, and the displacement machine 3 is not moved during the ablation process.

[0045] In step 501, the nanosecond laser 5 outputs laser repetition frequency: 75kHz-125kHz, pulse width: 200ns; wavelength: 1064nm; laser power: 80W-100W, laser scanning repetition number: 10-20 times, the scanning speed of the X-Y scanning galvanometer is 5mm / s-20mm / s.

[0046] After ablation, the nanosecond laser 5 stops, and the gear 15 is rotated by a preset angle θ by the positioner 3, Wherein, N is the number of rotations, s is the distance between the centers of adjacent two line frames, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear 15 to be processed, and D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear 15 to be processed.

[0047] After rotation, step 501 is repeated to ablate a plurality of micropores on the end face of the gear 15.

[0048] Steps 502-503 are repeated until the entire end face of the gear 15 is ablated once, so that a rough surface with a micropore density of p w and a micropore depth of h is machined on the end face of the gear 15, wherein, s is the distance between the centers of adjacent two line frames, and h>100μm.

[0049] The laser texturing device and method for improving the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil disclosed in the present application adopts nanosecond pulse laser, which can prepare micron-level holes on the material surface, change the microstructure of the material surface, and is a non-contact processing without loss of the base material. At the same time, the energy of the nanosecond pulse laser is precisely controllable, and the processing does not pollute the environment and is easy to realize automation, so it is a very potential material surface processing technology. Compared with the traditional continuous laser, the nanosecond pulse laser has the advantages of small heat-affected zone, large peak power and stronger controllability. Although picosecond and femtosecond lasers can obtain more micro surface microstructures, they are expensive and have high maintenance costs, and are not suitable for large-scale application and industrial production at present.

[0050] By the device and method disclosed in the present application, laser texturing is performed on the gear end face to improve the adhesion of the gear end face to the lubricating oil, which plays an important role in reducing the escape of lubricating oil from between the gear end face and the gasket, further reduces the discharge of lubricating oil from between the main shaft and the gear to the gear end face and the gasket, and makes the lubricating oil store in the main shaft and the gear as much as possible. The oil film formed by the lubricating oil on the surface of the main shaft and the gear not only can support the load and reduce direct contact, but also the viscosity and elasticity of the oil film can help to absorb and disperse impact and load, thereby effectively reducing the friction and wear between the main shaft and the gear. By the method disclosed in the present application, micropores with a micropore density of p wA rough surface with a micropore depth of h, wherein, With a diameter of h > 100 μm, the adhesion of the gear end face to the liquid can be effectively improved. The method involved in this application can effectively reduce the influence of heat accumulation, resulting in more uniform micropores.

[0051] like Figures 3-4 As shown, a 38CrSi steel gear 15 was selected for the experiment. Before machining, the roughness R of the gear end face was... z With a diameter of 10.5 μm and a melting point of approximately 1400 °C, 38CrSi steel is not easily machined to a suitable depth using a point scanning path. The scanning path described in this application increases the heat input for each micropore. The method described in this application makes it easier to machine micropores on the end face of the 38CrSi steel gear 15, achieving a suitable micropore depth h (h > 100 μm) with fewer repetitions, thus improving processing efficiency. After laser roughening using the method described in this application, uniformly arranged micropores with suitable density and depth are obtained on the end face of the 38CrSi steel gear 15, achieving a surface roughness R... z The range is 200μm to 400μm.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, based on the technical solution and concept of this application, should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laser texturing method for enhancing the adhesion of gear end faces to lubricating oil, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, assemble the gear to be processed on the positioner, clamp with the chuck, adjust the position of the chuck to make the end face of the gear parallel to the experimental platform of the rack, and move the positioner to place the gear directly below the laser head; Step 2, adjust the distance between the laser head and the end face of the gear to focus the nanosecond pulse laser on the end face of the gear; Step 3, setting the scanning path of the laser texturing on the controller, the scanning path is: a plurality of line frames, each line frame is arranged along the radial direction of the gear in sequence, the line frame is a square with a side length of L, a plurality of filling lines are arranged at equal intervals in the line frame, the distance between two adjacent filling lines is d, and the distance between the two edges of the first and last line frames away from each other along the radial direction of the gear is D, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed, D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear to be processed, the distance between the centers of two adjacent line frames is s, and the scanning path of each line frame is: the nanosecond pulse laser first scans each filling line in sequence, when scanning, one of the filling lines is scanned in one direction, then the other filling line adjacent to it is scanned in the opposite direction, until all the filling lines are scanned; then the four edges of the line frame are scanned in sequence; Step 4, select all the wire frames, turn on the red light preview, adjust the position of the positioner, so that the red light preview track generated by all the wire frames is in the radial direction of the gear end face, and the red light preview track just irradiates the gear end face; Step 5, by the on-off of nanosecond laser and the start-stop of the time cooperation of the positioner, laser ablation treatment is carried out on the gear end face to process a rough surface with a micro-hole density greater than 100 / mm 2 , a micro-hole depth h, h>100 μm The step 5 comprises the following steps: Step 501, the X-Y scanning galvanometer of the laser head executes the scanning path set in step 3, so that the nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the laser head ablates a plurality of micropores on the gear end face, that is, each wire frame corresponds to a micropore, and the micropores are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the gear, and the positioner is not moved during the ablation process; Step 502, after ablation, the nanosecond laser stops, and the gear is rotated by a preset angle θ through the positioner, Wherein, N is the number of rotations, s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent line frames, D1 is the root circle diameter of the gear to be processed, and D2 is the shaft hole diameter of the gear to be processed. Step 503, after rotation, repeat step 501 to ablate a plurality of micropores on the gear end face; Step 504, repeating step 502-step 503 until the entire gear end face is ablated a pass, thereby processing the gear end face to a rough surface with a micro-hole density of p w , a micro-hole depth of h, wherein, s is the distance between the centers of two adjacent line frames, and h>100 μm.

2. The laser texturing method for enhancing the gear end face to lubricating oil adhesion force according to claim 1, characterized by: The tooth root circle diameter of the gear to be processed is D1, and D1 is 80 mm to 100 mm; the shaft hole diameter is D2, and D2 is 50 mm to 70 mm.

3. The laser texturing method for enhancing the gear end face to oil adhesion force according to claim 1, characterized by: Before the step 1, clean the gear end face.

4. The laser texturing method for enhancing the gear end face to oil adhesion force according to claim 1, characterized by: In the step 3, the wire frame is a square with a side length of L, 0.05 mm < L < 0.1 mm, and the distance between adjacent two filling lines is d, 0.005 mm < d < 0.02 mm.

5. The laser texturing method for enhancing the gear end face to oil adhesion force of claim 1, wherein: In step 501, the nanosecond laser outputs laser with a repetition frequency of 75 kHz to 125 kHz, a laser power of 80 W to 100 W, and a laser scanning repetition number of 10 to 20 times, and the scanning speed of the X-Y scanning galvanometer is 5 mm / s to 20 mm / s.

6. A laser texturing apparatus for improving the adhesion of lubricating oil to the face of a pinion gear based on the method of claim 1, characterized by: The rack, the upper surface of which is marked as an experimental platform, a positioner and a controller are placed on the experimental platform, the experimental platform is equipped with a lifting mechanism, a gear to be processed is installed on the chuck of the positioner, the start and stop of the positioner and the rotation of the chuck can be controlled through the controller, the lifting mechanism can drive the laser head to move up and down to focus the laser on the gear end face, the laser head and the nanosecond laser are connected through an optical fiber, the laser head and the nanosecond laser are connected with the controller, the nanosecond pulse laser emitted by the nanosecond laser enters the laser head, and the nanosecond pulse laser sequentially passes through the collimating and expanding mirror, the X-Y scanning galvanometer and the focusing mirror in the laser head and is emitted; the gear at the chuck is subjected to laser texturing treatment by the nanosecond pulse laser from the laser head.

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