Device and method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions

Abstract

A device and method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions belongs to the technical field of energy recovery and utilization under polar environmental conditions. The device includes a cabin and a filter device, an emergency lighting device, an energy storage battery, and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module installed in the cabin. The waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed on the side wall of the cabin. The waste heat spontaneous recovery device includes an isolation cover, an arc-shaped track tube, a sealing tube, and a base. The present invention can achieve the situation where there is no electricity. By utilizing the evaporation and condensation of the working fluid, the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber are driven to rotate, so that the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber successively contact the first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic, and promote the rotation of the strong magnetic piston block to recover the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell, thereby realizing the functions of pressure difference emergency lighting, charging the energy storage battery, and compressing gas to provide oxygen for the hydrogen fuel cell. The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to control, and can achieve efficient and stable operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy recovery and utilization under polar environmental conditions, and specifically relates to a device and method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions. Background Art

[0002] The South and North Poles are the coldest regions on Earth due to their high altitudes, thin air and extensive ice and snow cover. This unique polar environment makes it an ideal place for scientific expeditions, astronomical observations and environmental experiments, and has therefore attracted many countries to establish scientific research stations in the South and North Poles. However, the extreme environment poses more severe challenges to the supply of clean energy.

[0003] Currently, most scientific research stations rely on diesel generators for power generation, which contributes to increased fuel consumption and pollution in polar environments. Hydrogen fuel cells, with their high efficiency, pollution-free operation, and low noise, hold promise as an alternative to diesel generators. However, hydrogen fuel cells utilize electrochemical reactions, generating significant amounts of high-temperature waste heat during the power generation process. To effectively utilize this heat, the solution is to leverage the low temperatures of polar environments and utilize waste heat recovery technology to improve power generation efficiency and reliability. By capturing waste heat generated by hydrogen fuel cells and converting it into reusable energy, energy waste can be reduced and equipment life can be extended. This technology not only improves power generation system performance but also reduces operating costs. Therefore, for Antarctic research stations, clean energy power generation systems utilizing waste heat recovery technology can help meet the challenges of extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and solve the technical problem of recovering and reusing the high-temperature waste heat generated by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions. The present invention provides a device and method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions. Based on the low temperatures of polar environments, the present invention utilizes large temperature differences to increase the rate of alternating evaporation and condensation of the heat exchange medium, thereby rapidly driving the rotational motion of the evaporation chamber and condensation chamber, causing the evaporation chamber and condensation chamber to sequentially contact the first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic, and driving the sliding of the strong magnetic piston block. This allows for the recovery of waste heat from equipment in polar environments, pressure differential emergency lighting, charging of energy storage batteries, and compressed gas to provide oxygen for hydrogen fuel cells.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a hydrogen fuel cell waste heat spontaneous recovery device under polar environmental conditions, which includes a cabin and a filter device, an emergency lighting device, an energy storage battery and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module installed in the cabin. The waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed on the side wall of the cabin, wherein:

[0006] The waste heat spontaneous recovery device includes an isolation cover, an arc-shaped track pipe, a sealing pipe and a base. The isolation cover is installed on the outer wall of the cabin, and a through hole is provided on the outer wall of the cabin at a position corresponding to the isolation cover, so that the isolation cover is connected to the cabin;

[0007] The base is arranged inside the cabin, and a first bracket and a second bracket are arranged on the base relative to each other, and the first bracket is close to one side of the isolation cover. The middle part of the sealing tube is hinged to the top of the first bracket, and the sealing tube swings back and forth around the hinge position. The middle part of the arc track tube is fixedly installed on the top of the second bracket. A strong magnetic piston block is arranged in the arc track tube, and the strong magnetic piston block slides back and forth along the arc track tube; an air intake device and an exhaust device are respectively arranged at the pipe mouth position of the lower part of the arc track tube, and the air intake device and the exhaust device are alternately opened and closed; the air intake device is connected to one end of the air intake pipe, and the other end of the air intake pipe passes through the cabin and is exposed to the external polar environment; the exhaust device is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module; the air intake device sucks air in the polar environment into the arc track tube, and the strong magnetic piston block and the bottom of the inner cavity of the arc track tube are set as a closed cavity. The gas sucked in the closed cavity is compressed by the strong magnetic piston block, and then the compressed air is transported to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module through the exhaust device and the exhaust pipe;

[0008] The sealed tube is filled with a room-temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium, the sealed tube passes through a through hole provided on the outer wall of the cabin, and a condensation chamber is provided at the end of the sealed tube located in the isolation cover, and an evaporation chamber is provided at the end of the sealed tube located in the cabin, the condensation chamber, the sealed tube and the evaporation chamber are interconnected, a strong magnetic magnet is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber, and the strong magnetic magnet and the strong magnetic piston block are non-contact magnetically attracted; the evaporation chamber is used to absorb high-temperature waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module, and the room-temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber is heated and evaporates along the sealed tube to the condensation chamber, and the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber is cooled and condensed into droplets and then falls back into the evaporation chamber;

[0009] In the inner cavity of the isolation cover, a first piezoelectric ceramic is arranged at the end position of the upper stroke of the condensation chamber, and in the inner cavity of the cabin body, a second piezoelectric ceramic is arranged at the end position of the upper stroke of the evaporation chamber. The first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic are electrically connected to the filtering device through wires, respectively, and the filtering device is electrically connected to the emergency lighting device and the energy storage battery through wires.

[0010] Furthermore, the isolation cover is embedded and fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the cabin.

[0011] Furthermore, a heat-insulating flexible telescopic tube is provided between the lower edge of the through hole on the outer side wall of the cabin and the sealing tube.

[0012] Furthermore, the outside of the evaporation chamber is wrapped with a heat absorption layer, and the outside of the condensation chamber is wrapped with a heat dissipation layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the materials of the isolation cover, the heat dissipation layer and the heat absorption layer are all transparent materials.

[0014] Furthermore, flagella are arranged on the inner wall at the lower part of the inner cavity of the condensation chamber. The roots of the flagella are hard and the tips are soft. The closer the flagella are to the sealing tube, the shorter they are.

[0015] Furthermore, the air intake device is a one-way air intake valve, and the air exhaust device is a one-way air exhaust valve.

[0016] The method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions using the above-mentioned device comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1. In the initial state, the condensing chamber is at the end position of the upper stroke, and the condensing chamber is in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic. As the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid in the evaporation chamber captures the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module, the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid is heated and evaporated into a gaseous state and evaporated along the sealed tube to the condensing chamber. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid in the evaporation chamber gradually decreases, and the gaseous working fluid in the condensing chamber is cooled and condensed into droplets. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid in the condensing chamber gradually increases, thereby driving the sealed tube to rotate counterclockwise around the hinge position; at the same time, the exhaust device is closed and the air intake device is opened. During the rotation of the sealed tube, the strong magnetic piston block in the arc track tube is driven by the strong magnetic magnet to slide synchronously in the counterclockwise direction. The air outside the cabin is sucked into the closed cavity of the arc track tube through the intake pipe and the intake device. The intake process in the closed cavity begins, and the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module preheats the air sucked into the closed cavity;

[0018] S2. When the evaporation chamber rotates to the upper stroke end position, the evaporation chamber contacts the second piezoelectric ceramic, and the direct current generated by the second piezoelectric ceramic is transmitted to the filter device through the wire for filtering. The filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery for charging, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device for lighting. At the same time, the condensation chamber is at the lower stroke end position. At this time, the outdoor polar low temperature environment reduces the wall temperature of the condensation chamber through the isolation cover and the heat dissipation layer in the form of cold radiation, so that the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber is condensed. At the same time, the flagellum ejects part of the liquid working medium droplets back to the evaporation chamber, accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium, thereby driving the sealing tube to rotate clockwise around the hinge position. At this time, the air intake device and the exhaust device are all closed, and the process of compressing the gas volume in the closed cavity begins;

[0019] S3. When the evaporation chamber rotates to the lower stroke end position again, the exhaust device is opened and the intake device is closed, and the exhaust process in the closed cavity begins. The preheated high-pressure gas is sent to the compressed gas intake port of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module through the exhaust device and the exhaust pipe, and is used for the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module to generate electricity; at this time, the condensing chamber is at the upper stroke end position and contacts the first piezoelectric ceramic again. The direct current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic is transmitted to the filter device through the wire for filtering. The filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery for charging. At the same time, the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device for lighting;

[0020] S4. Repeat the above steps S1 to S3 to complete the spontaneous recovery of waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] Based on the low temperature of the polar environment, the present invention utilizes the evaporation and condensation of the working fluid, and is particularly suitable for the spontaneous recovery of waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells in polar environments, thereby realizing the functions of pressure difference emergency lighting, charging the energy storage battery, and compressing gas to provide oxygen for the hydrogen fuel cell. This device has the advantages of novel structure, simple control, and fast response. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention (hydrogen fuel cell power generation module omitted);

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the air intake process of the closed cavity in the arc-shaped track tube of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the compression process of the closed cavity in the arc-shaped track tube of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the exhaust process of the closed cavity in the arc-shaped track tube of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure, 1 is the cabin, 2 is the isolation cover, 3 is the thermal insulation flexible telescopic tube, 4 is the first bracket, 5 is the flagellum, 6 is the heat dissipation layer, 7 is the condensation chamber, 8 is the first piezoelectric ceramic, 9 is the filtering device, 10 is the emergency lighting device, 11 is the wire, 12 is the second piezoelectric ceramic, 13 is the arc track tube, 14 is the second bracket, 15 is the exhaust device, 16 is the air intake device, 17 is the strong magnetic magnet, 18 is the evaporation chamber, 19 is the heat absorption layer, 20 is the sealing tube, 21 is the strong magnetic piston block, 22 is the energy storage battery, 23 is the base, 24 is the exhaust pipe, 25 is the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module, and 26 is the intake pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0029] like Figure 1 The hydrogen fuel cell waste heat spontaneous recovery device under polar environmental conditions shown in the figure includes a cabin 1 and a filter device 9, an emergency lighting device 10, an energy storage battery 22 and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 installed in the cabin 1. The waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed on the side wall of the cabin 1, wherein:

[0030] The waste heat spontaneous recovery device includes an isolation cover 2, an arc-shaped track pipe 13, a sealing pipe 20 and a base 23. The isolation cover 2 is installed on the outer wall of the cabin 1, and a through hole is provided on the outer wall of the cabin 1 at a position corresponding to the position of the isolation cover 2, so that the isolation cover 2 is connected to the cabin 1;

[0031] The base 23 is arranged inside the cabin 1, and the first bracket 4 and the second bracket 14 are arranged on the base 23 relatively, and the first bracket 4 is close to the side of the isolation cover 2. The middle part of the sealing tube 20 is hinged to the top of the first bracket 4, and the sealing tube 20 swings back and forth around the hinge position. The middle part of the arc track tube 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the second bracket 14. A strong magnetic piston block 21 is arranged in the arc track tube 13, and the strong magnetic piston block 21 slides back and forth along the arc track tube 13; an air suction device 16 and an exhaust device 15 are respectively arranged at the pipe mouth position of the lower part of the arc track tube 13, and the air suction device 16 and the exhaust device 15 are opened and closed alternately; the air suction device 16 and the exhaust device 15 are opened and closed alternately; the air suction device 16 and the exhaust device 15 are opened and closed alternately. The device 16 is connected to one end of the intake pipe 26, the other end of which passes through the cabin 1 and is exposed to the external polar environment. The exhaust device 15 is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe 24, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 24 is connected to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25. The intake device 16 draws air from the polar environment into the arc-shaped track tube 13. The strong magnetic piston block 21 and the bottom of the inner cavity of the arc-shaped track tube 13 are set as a closed cavity. The gas sucked into the closed cavity is compressed by the strong magnetic piston block 21, and the compressed air is then transported to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 through the exhaust device 15 and the exhaust pipe 24.

[0032] The sealed tube 20 is filled with a room-temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium, the sealed tube 20 passes through a through hole provided on the outer wall of the cabin body 1, and a condensation chamber 7 is provided at the end of the sealed tube 20 located in the isolation cover 2, and an evaporation chamber 18 is provided at the end of the sealed tube 20 located in the cabin body 1. The condensation chamber 7, the sealed tube 20 and the evaporation chamber 18 are connected to each other, and a strong magnetic magnet 17 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 18, and the strong magnetic magnet 17 and the strong magnetic piston block 21 are non-contact magnetically attracted; the evaporation chamber 18 is used to absorb the high-temperature waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25, and the room-temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber 18 evaporates along the sealed tube 20 to the condensation chamber 7 after being heated, and the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber 7 is condensed into droplets after being cooled and falls back into the evaporation chamber 18; on this basis, since the isolation cover 2 is in a polar low-temperature environment, the temperature in the isolation cover 2 is significantly lower than the temperature in the cabin body 1, which can promote the liquefaction of the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber 7;

[0033] In the inner cavity of the isolation cover 2, a first piezoelectric ceramic 8 is arranged at the end position of the upper stroke of the condensation chamber 7, and in the inner cavity of the cabin body 1, a second piezoelectric ceramic 12 is arranged at the end position of the upper stroke of the evaporation chamber 18. The first piezoelectric ceramic 8 and the second piezoelectric ceramic 12 are electrically connected to the filter device 9 through the wire 11 respectively. The filter device rectifies and filters the unstable current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic. The filter device 9 is electrically connected to the emergency lighting device 10 and the energy storage battery 22 through the wire respectively. The emergency lighting device is composed of a low-power LED lamp to provide emergency lighting for the hydrogen fuel cell cabin.

[0034] Furthermore, the isolation cover 2 is embedded and fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the cabin body 1.

[0035] Furthermore, a heat-insulating flexible telescopic tube 3 is provided between the lower edge of the through hole on the outer wall of the cabin 1 and the sealing tube 20 .

[0036] Furthermore, the evaporation chamber 18 is wrapped with a heat absorption layer 19, which can further improve the efficiency of heat absorption and evaporation of the self-evaporating liquid working medium at room temperature; the condensation chamber 7 is wrapped with a heat dissipation layer 6, which can further improve the efficiency of heat dissipation and condensation of the gaseous working medium.

[0037] Furthermore, the materials of the isolation cover 2, the heat dissipation layer 6, and the heat absorption layer 19 are all transparent materials.

[0038] Furthermore, flagella 5 are arranged on the inner wall at the lower part of the inner cavity of the condensation chamber 7. The roots of the flagella 5 are hard and the tips are soft. The closer the flagella 5 are to the sealing tube 20, the shorter they are, which is conducive to the liquid working medium droplets being ejected back to the evaporation section, thereby accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium.

[0039] Furthermore, the air intake device 16 is a one-way air intake valve, and the air exhaust device 15 is a one-way air exhaust valve.

[0040] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions using the above-mentioned device includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. In the initial state, the condensing chamber 7 is located at the end position of the upper stroke, and the condensing chamber 7 is in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic 8. As the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber 18 captures the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25, the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium is heated and evaporates into gas and evaporates along the sealing tube 20 to the condensing chamber 7. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber 18 gradually decreases, and the gaseous working medium in the condensing chamber 7 is cooled and condensed into droplets. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the condensing chamber 7 gradually increases, thereby driving The dynamic sealing tube 20 rotates counterclockwise around the hinge position; at the same time, the exhaust device 15 is closed and the air intake device 16 is opened. During the rotation of the sealing tube 20, the strong magnetic piston block 21 in the arc track tube 13 is driven by the strong magnetic magnet 17 to slide synchronously in the counterclockwise direction. The air outside the cabin 1 is sucked into the closed cavity of the arc track tube 13 through the air intake pipe 26 and the air intake device 16. The air intake process in the closed cavity begins, and the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 preheats the air sucked into the closed cavity.

[0042] S2. When the evaporation chamber 18 rotates to the upper stroke end position, the evaporation chamber 18 contacts the second piezoelectric ceramic 12, and the direct current generated by the second piezoelectric ceramic 12 is transmitted to the filter device 9 through the wire 11 for filtering. The filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery 22 for charging, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device 10 for lighting; at the same time, the condensation chamber 7 is at the lower stroke end position. At this time, the outdoor polar low temperature environment reduces the wall temperature of the condensation chamber 7 through the isolation cover 2 and the heat dissipation layer 6 in the form of cold radiation, so that the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber is condensed. At the same time, the flagellum 5 ejects part of the liquid working medium droplets back to the evaporation chamber 18, accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium, thereby driving the sealing tube 20 to rotate clockwise around the hinge position. At this time, the air intake device 16 and the exhaust device 15 are all closed, and the process of compressing the gas volume in the closed cavity begins;

[0043] S3. When the evaporation chamber 18 rotates to the lower stroke end position again, the exhaust device 15 is opened and the air intake device 16 is closed, and the exhaust process in the closed cavity begins. The preheated high-pressure gas is sent to the compressed gas intake port of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 through the exhaust device 15 and the exhaust pipe 24, and is used for the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 to operate and generate electricity. At this time, the condensation chamber 7 is at the upper stroke end position and contacts the first piezoelectric ceramic 8 again. The direct current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic 8 is transmitted to the filter device 9 through the wire 11 for filtering. The filtered direct current is then transmitted to the energy storage battery 22 for charging. At the same time, the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device 10 for lighting.

[0044] S4. Repeat the above steps S1 to S3 to complete the spontaneous recovery of waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions.

[0045] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell waste heat spontaneous recovery device under polar environmental conditions, comprising a cabin (1) and a filter device (9), an emergency lighting device (10), an energy storage battery (22), and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) installed in the cabin (1), wherein the waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed at a side wall of the cabin (1), and is characterized in that: The waste heat spontaneous recovery device comprises an isolation cover (2), an arc-shaped track pipe (13), a sealing pipe (20) and a base (23); the isolation cover (2) is mounted on the outer wall of the cabin (1), and a through hole is provided on the outer wall of the cabin (1) at a position corresponding to the position of the isolation cover (2); the isolation cover (2) is in communication with the cabin (1); The base (23) is arranged inside the cabin (1), and a first bracket (4) and a second bracket (14) are arranged on the base (23) relative to each other, and the first bracket (4) is close to the side of the isolation cover (2). The middle part of the sealing tube (20) is hinged to the top of the first bracket (4), and the sealing tube (20) swings back and forth around the hinge position. The middle part of the arc track tube (13) is fixedly installed on the top of the second bracket (14), and a strong magnetic piston block (21) is arranged in the arc track tube (13), and the strong magnetic piston block (21) slides back and forth along the arc track tube (13); an air suction device (16) and an air exhaust device (15) are respectively arranged at the pipe mouth position of the lower part of the arc track tube (13), and the air suction device (16) and the air exhaust device (15) are alternately opened and closed. The air intake device (16) is connected to one end of the air intake pipe (26), and the other end of the air intake pipe (26) passes through the cabin (1) and is exposed to the external polar environment. The exhaust device (15) is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe (24), and the other end of the exhaust pipe (24) is connected to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25). The air intake device (16) sucks air in the polar environment into the arc track tube (13), and the strong magnetic piston block (21) and the bottom of the inner cavity of the arc track tube (13) are set as a closed cavity. The gas sucked into the closed cavity is compressed by the strong magnetic piston block (21), and then the compressed air is transported to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) through the exhaust device (15) and the exhaust pipe (24); The sealing tube (20) is filled with a room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium. The sealing tube (20) passes through a through hole provided on the outer wall of the cabin (1), and a condensation chamber (7) is provided at the end of the sealing tube (20) located in the isolation cover (2). The evaporation chamber (18) is provided at the end of the sealing tube (20) located in the cabin (1). The condensation chamber (7), the sealing tube (20) and the evaporation chamber (18) are interconnected. A strong magnetic magnet (17) is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber (18). The strong magnetic magnet (17) and the strong magnetic piston block (21) are non-contact magnetically attracted. The evaporation chamber (18) is used to absorb high temperature waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25). After being heated, the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber (18) evaporates along the sealing tube (20) to the condensation chamber (7). The gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber (7) is cooled and condensed into liquid droplets and then falls back into the evaporation chamber (18). In the inner cavity of the isolation cover (2), a first piezoelectric ceramic (8) is provided at a stroke end position of the condensation chamber (7), and in the inner cavity of the cabin (1), a second piezoelectric ceramic (12) is provided at a stroke end position of the evaporation chamber (18). The first piezoelectric ceramic (8) and the second piezoelectric ceramic (12) are electrically connected to the filter device (9) through a wire (11), and the filter device (9) is electrically connected to the emergency lighting device (10) and the energy storage battery (22) through a wire.

2. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation cover (2) is embedded and fixedly mounted on the outer side wall of the cabin (1).

3. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A heat-insulating flexible telescopic tube (3) is provided between the lower edge of the through hole on the outer wall of the cabin (1) and the sealing tube (20).

4. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outside of the evaporation chamber (18) is wrapped with a heat absorption layer (19), and the outside of the condensation chamber (7) is wrapped with a heat dissipation layer (6).

5. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The isolation cover (2), the heat dissipation layer (6), and the heat absorption layer (19) are all made of transparent materials.

6. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Flagella (5) are arranged on the inner wall at the lower part of the inner cavity of the condensation chamber (7). The root of the flagella (5) is hard and the tip is soft. The closer the flagella (5) is to the sealing tube (20), the shorter the length is.

7. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air intake device (16) is a one-way air intake valve, and the air exhaust device (15) is a one-way air exhaust valve.

8. A method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions using the device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. In the initial state, the condensation chamber (7) is located at the end position of the upper stroke, and the condensation chamber (7) is in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic (8). As the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber (18) captures the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25), the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium is heated and evaporates into gaseous state and evaporates along the sealing tube (20) to the condensation chamber (7). The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber (18) gradually decreases, and the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber (7) is cooled and condensed into droplets. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the condensation chamber (7) gradually increases, thereby driving the sealed chamber (25). The sealing tube (20) rotates counterclockwise around the hinge position; at the same time, the exhaust device (15) is closed and the air intake device (16) is opened. During the rotation of the sealing tube (20), the strong magnetic piston block (21) in the arc track tube (13) is driven by the strong magnetic magnet (17) to slide synchronously in the counterclockwise direction. The air outside the cabin (1) is sucked into the closed cavity of the arc track tube (13) through the air intake pipe (26) and the air intake device (16). The air intake process in the closed cavity begins, and the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) preheats the air sucked into the closed cavity. S2. When the evaporation chamber (18) rotates to the upper stroke end position, the evaporation chamber (18) contacts the second piezoelectric ceramic (12), and the direct current generated by the second piezoelectric ceramic (12) is transmitted to the filter device (9) through the wire (11) for filtering. The filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery (22) for charging, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device (10) for lighting. At the same time, the condensation chamber (7) is at the lower stroke end position. At this time, the outdoor polar low temperature environment reduces the wall temperature of the condensation chamber (7) through the isolation cover (2) and the heat dissipation layer (6) in the form of cold radiation, so that the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber is condensed. At the same time, the flagellum (5) ejects part of the liquid working medium droplets back to the evaporation chamber (18), accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium, thereby driving the sealing tube (20) to rotate clockwise around the hinge position. At this time, the air intake device (16) and the exhaust device (15) are all closed, and the process of compressing the gas volume in the closed cavity begins. S3, when the evaporation chamber (18) rotates to the lower stroke end position again, the exhaust device (15) is opened, the air intake device (16) is closed, and the exhaust process in the closed cavity begins. The preheated high-pressure gas is sent to the compressed gas intake port of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) through the exhaust device (15) and the exhaust pipe (24), and is used for the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) to operate and generate electricity; at this time, the condensation chamber (7) is located at the upper stroke end position and contacts the first piezoelectric ceramic (8) again, and the direct current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic (8) is sent to the filter device (9) through the wire (11) for filtering, and the filtered direct current is sent to the energy storage battery (22) for charging, and at the same time, the filtered direct current is sent to the emergency lighting device (10) for lighting; S4. Repeat the above steps S1 to S3 to complete the spontaneous recovery of waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions.

Images