Method and device for determining mutual coupling coefficient of antenna array, equipment and program product

Abstract

The invention discloses a method, a device, equipment and a program product for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a measurement collection parameter of the antenna array; determining an S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters; determining a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix; and determining a coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array according to the coupling impedance matrix, and compensating transmitting and / or receiving of the antenna array by using the coupling coefficient matrix. According to the method, the impedance mutual coupling model is adopted, the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient can be converted into the measurement of the S parameter of the multi-port network, the influence caused by the multipath effect based on a signal model is avoided, and the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient is ensured; and the measurement process can be directly carried out in the antenna array without depending on a darkroom, and the antenna array does not need to be disassembled and assembled, so that the mutual coupling coefficient of the short-wave antenna array can be conveniently determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and computer program product for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array. Background Art

[0002] In wireless communication systems, when base stations use large-scale antenna arrays, they can use spatial domain multiplexing technology to simultaneously serve multiple users in the same time-frequency resources, which can improve system performance. This technology is called massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology; this technology can greatly improve system capacity and is a key technology for next-generation wireless communications. However, in practical applications, large-scale array antenna systems also have some problems. For example, the mutual coupling between closely spaced antennas cannot be ignored. Due to the mutual coupling effect, the correlation between antennas will increase, which will reduce the space-time capacity and performance of the wireless communication system. Therefore, for antenna arrays, it is important and necessary to measure, determine and compensate for the mutual coupling effect between antennas.

[0003] At present, there are two main methods for measuring and estimating the mutual coupling coefficient: 1) Establishing a mutual coupling model based on the receiving and transmitting signals, using far-field auxiliary equipment to transmit signals, and the receiving end receives the signals and estimates the mutual coupling coefficient using parameter estimation methods; 2) Establishing a mutual coupling model based on an equivalent circuit network model, and using an instrument in a darkroom to directly measure the relevant impedance or S parameter (scattering coefficient) in the network, and then calculate the mutual coupling coefficient. However, due to the large size of the shortwave antenna array system, which is generally tens of meters or even hundreds of meters, it is impossible to measure in a darkroom; and the shortwave antenna array system is often accompanied by obvious multipath effects, which will cause multipath interference in the measurement method based on the receiving and transmitting signals to establish a mutual coupling model, making the measurement and estimation results of the mutual coupling coefficient inaccurate. Therefore, how to provide a method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient suitable for shortwave antenna arrays to ensure the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method, device, equipment and computer program product for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, so as to conveniently determine the mutual coupling coefficient of a shortwave antenna array and ensure the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, comprising:

[0006] Acquire measurement acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by the first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by the second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit both include a directional coupler and a filter; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N 2 -N, each group of the two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, n and m are positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of the single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of the single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n;

[0007] Determining an S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters;

[0008] Determining a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix;

[0009] A coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array is determined according to the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate for transmission and / or reception of the antenna array by using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0010] On the other hand, the directional coupler is specifically a dual directional coupler, and the dual directional coupler includes a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end. When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as an input end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler are used as a coupling end, an output end and an isolation end in sequence; when the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as an input end, the fourth end, the first end and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as a coupling end, an output end and an isolation end in sequence;

[0011] When the first measurement circuit is used to measure a group of the two-channel measurement parameters, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are connected to the signal source output end, the first input end of the oscilloscope, the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the matching load in sequence, the input / output end of the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the second input end of the oscilloscope through the filter of the first measurement circuit, and the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the antenna channel other than the measurement response antenna channel m are connected to the matching load; the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are the S parameters from the input / output end of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input end of the oscilloscope, the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the second input end of the oscilloscope and the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n respectively;

[0012] When the second measurement circuit is used to measure a group of the single-channel measurement parameters, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are connected to the signal source output end, the first input end of the oscilloscope, the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the input end of the filter of the second measurement circuit in sequence, the output end of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input end of the oscilloscope, and the input / output end of the antenna channel other than the measurement input antenna channel n is connected to a matching load; the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S parameters from the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input end of the oscilloscope, the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the second input end of the oscilloscope and the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0013] On the other hand, obtaining the measurement acquisition parameters of the antenna array includes:

[0014] Control the output terminal of the signal source to output a prediction reference signal; wherein, , is the prediction reference signal at time t, is the test frequency, j is an imaginary unit, and T is the period of the prediction reference signal;

[0015] According to the input signal of the cycle inputted from the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the oscilloscope and the seventh S parameter ,pass , determine the second S parameter or the fifth S parameter; wherein, is the input signal of the first input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the input signal of the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the S parameter from the output end of the signal source to the first input end of the oscilloscope, and conj(·) is used to obtain the conjugate of the signal.

[0016] On the other hand, determining the S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters includes:

[0017] According to the measurement acquisition parameters, using and , determine the S parameter matrix; wherein the S parameter matrix is , , and are respectively the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter in each group of the two-channel measurement parameters, , and They are respectively the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

[0018] On the other hand, determining a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix includes:

[0019] use , determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S parameter matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Z s is the coupling impedance matrix.

[0020] On the other hand, the coupling coefficient matrix is ​​a matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array.

[0021] On the other hand, determining a coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array according to the coupling impedance matrix includes:

[0022] use , determine the coupling coefficient matrix; where, is the coupling coefficient matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Z A is the self-impedance, Z L is the load impedance.

[0023] The present invention also provides a device for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, comprising:

[0024] A measurement acquisition module is used to acquire measurement acquisition parameters of an antenna array; wherein the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by a first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by a second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit both include a directional coupler and a filter; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N 2 -N, each group of the two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, n and m are positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of the single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of the single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n;

[0025] An S parameter determination module, used to determine the S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters;

[0026] A coupling impedance determination module, used to determine a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix;

[0027] The coupling coefficient determination module is used to determine the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array according to the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array by using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0028] The present invention also provides a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, comprising:

[0029] Memory for storing computer programs;

[0030] A processor is used to implement the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of the antenna array as described above when executing the computer program.

[0031] In addition, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of the antenna array.

[0032] A method for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array provided by the present invention comprises: obtaining measurement acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein the measurement acquisition parameters comprise two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by a first measurement circuit and a single-channel measurement parameter measured and acquired by a second measurement circuit; the antenna array comprises N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit both comprise a directional coupler and a filter; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N 2-N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes a first S parameter, a second S parameter and a third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, n and m are both positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes a fourth S parameter, a fifth S parameter and a sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n; according to the measurement acquisition parameters, the S parameter matrix of the antenna array is determined; according to the S parameter matrix, the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array is determined; according to the coupling impedance matrix, the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array is determined, so as to compensate for the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array by using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0033] It can be seen that the present invention determines the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix, and adopts the impedance mutual coupling model, which can convert the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient into the measurement of the S parameters of the multi-port network, avoid the influence of the multipath effect in the signal model, and ensure the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient; and enable the measurement process to be carried out directly in the antenna array, without relying on a darkroom, and without the need to disassemble and assemble the antenna array, so that the mutual coupling coefficient of a large-size antenna array such as a shortwave antenna array can be easily determined. In addition, the present invention also provides a mutual coupling coefficient determination device, equipment and computer program product for an antenna array, which also have the above-mentioned beneficial effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the first measurement circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the second measurement circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 A structural block diagram of a device for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method may include:

[0043] Step 101: Acquire measurement acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by a first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by a second measurement circuit.

[0044] Correspondingly, the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit both include a directional coupler and a filter; the number of measurement parameters of the two channels is N 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, n and m are positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0045] It can be understood that the antenna array in this embodiment can be an antenna array that needs to measure and determine the coupling coefficient, such as a shortwave antenna array. The antenna array may include N antenna channels, that is, 2 or more antenna channels. For the antenna array with multiple antenna channels in this embodiment, the current on a certain antenna channel will cause a voltage change on another antenna channel, resulting in mutual coupling; since each antenna channel in the antenna array has its own circuit impedance, each antenna channel can be modeled as a corresponding equivalent circuit according to the open-loop circuit voltage method in the relevant technology, and an impedance-based mutual coupling model corresponding to the antenna array can be obtained.

[0046] For example, each antenna channel can be modeled as a Thevenin equivalent circuit, as shown in Figure 2The equivalent circuit of the antenna array is shown. Figure 2 middle, are the indices of the m-th and n-th antenna channels among the N antenna channels; It can represent the open-loop voltage of the equivalent circuit of antenna channel m; in the transmitting mode, is the equivalent open-loop voltage sent to antenna channel m; in receiving mode, It is the equivalent open-loop voltage generated by the air interface signal on antenna channel m. is the equivalent current of the mth antenna channel; is the coupled voltage produced by antenna channel n on antenna channel m, and ,in It can represent the coupling impedance between antenna channel n and antenna channel m. Represents self-impedance, which is used to radiate and receive air interface electromagnetic waves; in the transmitting mode, the impedance radiates the signal into the air interface; in the receiving mode, the impedance receives the signal from the air interface and generates a self-impedance voltage in the equivalent circuit . is the load impedance of antenna channel m.

[0047] According to Kirchhoff's voltage law, for the equivalent circuit of N antenna channels, the following relationship can be obtained:

[0048] (1)

[0049] because , and expressed in the form of matrix and vector, equation (1) can be written as:

[0050] (2)

[0051] In formula (2):

[0052] (3)

[0053] (4)

[0054] (5)

[0055] Through precise design and manufacture and antenna channel calibration, the load impedance and self-impedance of each antenna channel can be guaranteed to be consistent. In this embodiment, , , , and then we can Simplified to , and It is defined as the coupling coefficient matrix, that is:

[0056] (6)

[0057] In formula (6), can be an N-dimensional identity matrix, The coupling impedance matrix can be:

[0058] (7)

[0059] Therefore, we can get:

[0060] (8)

[0061] For transmit mode, is the self-impedance voltage vector, that is, the voltage radiated from the antenna to the air interface signal; in order to compensate for the influence of mutual coupling, the transmitted signal voltage Left multiply the coupling coefficient matrix Similarly, for the receiving mode, the received signal voltage can be Left multiply the coupling coefficient matrix The inverse of.

[0062] In summary, the key to compensating for the mutual coupling effect is to obtain the matrix , so it is necessary to measure the load impedance in the matrix and coupling impedance , . is the self-impedance.

[0063] Correspondingly, for the load impedance , can be obtained through circuit design For the coupling impedance , the embodiment of the present invention can first measure the S parameter matrix of the equivalent circuit; for N antenna channels, the S parameter matrix can be expressed as:

[0064] (9)

[0065] The coupling impedance matrix is ​​obtained by the relationship between S parameters and coupling impedance , coupling impedance matrix Can be:

[0066] (10)

[0067] In order to solve the problem that the antenna array in this embodiment is too large to be measured in a darkroom (and even more so cannot be disassembled and assembled multiple times), and the multipath effect of the shortwave antenna array is too obvious to be measured using a signal model-based method, this embodiment can use Figure 3 and Figure 4The two measurement circuits shown (i.e., the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit) implement the S parameter matrix (i.e., S 1,1 To S N,N ) is determined by measurement; that is, in this embodiment, the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit including a directional coupler and a filter can be used to conveniently measure and determine the measurement acquisition parameters required for determining the S parameter matrix.

[0068] For S m,n , and The measurement confirmation is to connect the antenna array (array under test) to the output of the signal source (such as Figure 3 Taking the measurement of a set of two-channel measurement parameters corresponding to an antenna channel n (i.e., measurement input antenna channel n) connected to the filter and an antenna channel m (i.e., measurement response antenna channel m) connected to the filter as an example, the measurement can be performed using Figure 3 The scheme shown. Figure 3 In the figure, terminal 1 is the output terminal of the signal source, such as the output terminal of the signal source or arbitrary wave generator, which is used to output the reference signal required for measuring the parameters; terminals 2 and 5 are respectively the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the oscilloscope (i.e., multi-port oscilloscope); terminals 3 and 4 are respectively the input / output ports of antenna channel n and antenna channel m. The directional coupler can use a dual directional coupler, including four ports ABCD; if A is the input terminal, then B is the coupling terminal, C is the output terminal, and D is the isolation terminal; if C is the input terminal, then D is the coupling terminal, A is the output terminal, and B is the isolation terminal. The filter can use a bandpass filter to filter out interference. Its center frequency and bandwidth are determined according to the test frequency. Terminals E and F are respectively the input terminal and output terminal of the filter. The input / output terminals of antenna channels other than antenna channel n and antenna channel m in the antenna array can be connected to the corresponding matching load.

[0069] Accordingly, based on the signals at terminals 1 and 5, the S parameters can be measured. (i.e. the second S parameter); based on the signals at terminals 1 and 3, the S parameter can be measured (i.e., the third S parameter). For example, since terminals 1 to 3 contain only passive components, they can be measured offline using a network analyzer. Based on the signals at terminals 4 and 5, the S parameters can be measured. (i.e., the first S parameter), such as offline measurement using a network analyzer; , we can determine the S in the S parameter matrix m,n .

[0070] For S n,n , , that is, the measurement confirmation of m=n, with the antenna array (array to be tested) connected to the output terminal of the signal source (such as Figure 4Taking the measurement of a set of single-channel measurement parameters corresponding to an antenna channel n (i.e., measurement input antenna channel n) at the 1 end in the example, the following can be used: Figure 4 The scheme shown, the basic principle and Figure 3 The principles shown are similar, the difference lies in the processing of terminals 4 and 5. Figure 4 Terminal 4 is the input / output port for measuring any antenna channel other than input antenna channel n, and is connected to the matching load; terminal D of the directional coupler (i.e., dual directional coupler) is connected to terminal 5 through a filter, and terminal 5 is the second input terminal of the oscilloscope.

[0071] Accordingly, based on the signals at terminals 1 and 5, the S parameters can be measured. (i.e. the fifth S parameter); based on the signals at terminals 1 and 3, the S parameters can be measured (i.e., the sixth S parameter). Since terminals 1 to 3 contain only passive components, they can be measured offline using a network analyzer. Based on the signals at terminals 3 and 5, the S parameters can be measured. (i.e., the fourth S parameter), such as offline measurement using a network analyzer; , we can determine the S in the S parameter matrix n,n ; Wherein, S in this embodiment m,n and S n,n represents the matrix elements in the S-parameter matrix, , and Represents the measured S parameters between ports, that is, the matrix element S 5,4 The first S parameter corresponding to It doesn't mean the same thing.

[0072] go through Figure 3 and Figure 4 The two measurement circuits shown in the figure measure each antenna channel in turn, and can determine the complete S parameter matrix, thereby calculating the coupling impedance matrix and combining the load impedance Calculate the coupling coefficient matrix .

[0073] That is to say, the directional couplers in the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit in this embodiment can be specifically dual directional couplers, and the dual directional coupler includes a first end (such as the above-mentioned end A), a second end (such as the above-mentioned end B), a third end (such as the above-mentioned end C) and a fourth end (such as the above-mentioned end D). When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end and the isolation end respectively; when the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as the input end, the fourth end, the first end and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as the coupling end, the output end and the isolation end respectively.

[0074] When a set of two-channel measurement parameters is measured using the first measurement circuit, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are connected in sequence to the output end of the signal source (such as the above-mentioned end 1), the first input end of the oscilloscope (such as the above-mentioned end 2), the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n (such as the above-mentioned end 3) and the matching load, and the input / output end of the measurement response antenna channel m (such as the above-mentioned end 4). Figure 3 The 4th terminal in the measurement circuit is connected to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope (such as the 5th terminal mentioned above) through the filter of the first measurement circuit, and the input / output terminal of the antenna channel other than the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the matching load; the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are respectively the S parameters from the input / output terminal of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input terminal of the oscilloscope ( ), S parameters from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope ( ) and the S parameters from the signal source output to the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n ( ).

[0075] When a set of single-channel measurement parameters is measured by using the second measurement circuit, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are connected to the output end of the signal source, the first input end of the oscilloscope, the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the input end of the filter of the second measurement circuit in sequence, the output end of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input end of the oscilloscope, and the input / output end of the antenna channel other than the measurement input antenna channel n is connected to the matching load; the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S parameters from the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input end of the oscilloscope ( ), S parameters from the signal source output to the second input of the oscilloscope ( ) and the S parameters from the signal source output to the input / output of the measurement input antenna channel n ( ).

[0076] Furthermore, although the output end of the signal source (such as the output end of the signal source or arbitrary wave generator) only needs to emit a single-tone signal of a certain power according to the test frequency, the S parameters of the corresponding test port can be obtained according to the input signal of the input port and the output signal of the output port; if a network analyzer is used to directly measure the S parameters according to the signals at terminals 1 and 5, With S parameters . However, for the shortwave antenna array system, there are a large number of interference signals in the environment. The interference in the bandwidth near the test frequency can be filtered out by analog filters and digital filters. However, if there is a co-frequency interference signal at the test frequency, a special reference signal needs to be designed for anti-interference processing. Therefore, in this embodiment, the following periodic reference signal (i.e., preset reference signal) can be used:

[0077] (11)

[0078] In formula (11), is the prediction reference signal at time t, is the test frequency, j is the imaginary unit; T is the period of the prediction reference signal, which can be set , The frequency resolution required by the communication system where the antenna array is located; Indicates the floor symbol; Represents the remainder symbol.

[0079] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 The key to the measurement acquisition scheme shown is the S parameters of terminal 1 and terminal 5 ( or ), the S parameter can be obtained based on the relationship between the transmit signal at end 1 and the receive signal at end 5. However, the transmit signal at end 1 cannot be directly obtained by the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope can only directly obtain the signals at ends 2 and 5. Assume that the transmit signal at end 1 is , and the signal at the 2nd end can be expressed as ,in is the S parameter of end 1 and end 2 (i.e., the seventh S parameter), which can be measured offline using a network analyzer; then ,so It can be calculated by sampling signals at terminals 2 and 5.

[0080] If the transmission signal at end 1 is , then the signal at the 2 ends is:

[0081] (12)

[0082] End 5 includes the response of end 1 and the interference from the air interface. Assuming that all interference except the co-frequency interference is filtered out by the filter, the signal at end 5 is:

[0083] (13)

[0084] In the formula, and The S parameters of the 1st and 5th terminals can be or )’s amplitude and phase; and It is the amplitude and phase coefficient of the interference at the same frequency point.

[0085] In summary, if a signal with a period of T is intercepted at terminals 2 and 5, the S parameters of terminals 1 and 5 can be obtained according to the following calculation formula:

[0086] (14)

[0087] In formula (14), can be expressed as taking the conjugate of the signal. That is, by Can get , that is, the S parameters of terminal 1 and terminal 5 ( or ). In this embodiment, the waveform design of the periodic reference signal (i.e., the preset reference signal) can be used to filter out the co-frequency interference after being processed by the above formula, so the obtained S parameter eliminates the influence of the co-frequency interference and improves the estimation accuracy.

[0088] It should be noted that the specific method for the processor to obtain the measurement and acquisition parameters of the antenna array in step 101 can be set by the designer according to practical scenarios and user needs. For example, the processor can directly receive or read the measurement and acquisition parameters input by the user; that is, the user can build a measurement platform by himself, use the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit to measure each antenna channel in turn, obtain the measurement and acquisition parameters and transmit them to the processor. The processor can also control the connection and disconnection of the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit in the measurement platform and the input / output terminals of each antenna channel to realize automatic measurement of the measurement and acquisition parameters.

[0089] For example, the processor may control the signal source output terminal to output a prediction reference signal; wherein, , is the prediction reference signal at time t, is the test frequency point, j is an imaginary unit, and T is the period of the predicted reference signal; according to the input signal of one period inputted from the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the oscilloscope and the seventh S parameter ,pass , determine the second S parameter or the fifth S parameter; wherein, is the input signal of the first input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the input signal of the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the S parameter from the output of the signal source to the first input of the oscilloscope, and conj(·) is used to obtain the conjugate of the signal.

[0090] For example, the processor can control the test platform to Figure 3After the first test circuit shown is connected to the input / output terminals of the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, the signal source output terminal can be controlled to output a single tone signal of a certain power, and the S parameters can be measured offline using a network analyzer. , and ; The output terminal of the control signal source outputs the preset reference signal shown in formula (11), and uses an oscilloscope to sample a signal of one cycle length at terminals 2 and 5; thereby using S parameters Calculate the S parameters of the signals collected from these two ports Accordingly, the processor can control the test platform to Figure 4 After the second test circuit shown is connected to the input / output terminal of the measurement input antenna channel n, the acquisition is controlled in a similar manner. , and , to determine the S parameter matrix.

[0091] Step 102: Determine the S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters.

[0092] Correspondingly, in this step, the processor can use and , determine the S parameter matrix; where the S parameter matrix is , , and They are the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter in each group of two-channel measurement parameters, respectively. , and They are respectively the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

[0093] That is to say, for the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter in each set of two-channel measurement parameters, they can be respectively obtained by , determine the corresponding S parameter in the S parameter matrix ; For the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter in each set of single-channel measurement parameters, they can be respectively , determine the corresponding S parameter in the S parameter matrix .

[0094] Step 103: Determine the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix.

[0095] Accordingly, in this step, the processor can use the S parameter matrix to , determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S parameter matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Zs is the coupling impedance matrix.

[0096] Step 104: Determine a coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array according to the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate for transmission and / or reception of the antenna array using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0097] In this embodiment, the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array may be a matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to an impedance-based equivalent circuit model (such as a Thevenin equivalent circuit model) of each antenna channel in the antenna array. If the coupling coefficient matrix is ​​a matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array, this step uses , determine the coupling coefficient matrix; where, is the coupling coefficient matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Z A is the self-impedance, Z L is the load impedance.

[0098] Accordingly, when other impedance-based equivalent circuits are used to model each antenna channel in the antenna array, the coupling coefficient matrix can be determined by using the corresponding relationship between the coupling impedance matrix and the coupling coefficient matrix in a corresponding manner. This embodiment does not impose any limitation on this.

[0099] Furthermore, in this embodiment, after determining the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array, the processor can also use the coupling coefficient matrix to compensate the signal to be transmitted of the antenna array to obtain a compensated transmission signal, and control the antenna array to output the compensated transmission signal to achieve transmission compensation of the antenna array, such as multiplying the voltage of the signal to be transmitted by the coupling coefficient matrix on the left; or, the coupling coefficient matrix can be used to compensate the original received signal received by the antenna array to obtain a compensated received signal, so as to perform subsequent processing on the compensated original received signal (i.e., the compensated received signal) to achieve reception compensation of the antenna array, such as multiplying the voltage of the original received signal by the inverse of the coupling coefficient matrix on the left.

[0100] In this embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention determines the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix, and adopts the impedance mutual coupling model, so that the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient can be converted into the measurement of the S parameters of the multi-port network, thereby avoiding the influence of the multipath effect in the signal model and ensuring the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient; and the measurement process can be carried out directly in the antenna array without relying on a darkroom, and there is no need to disassemble and assemble the antenna array, so that the mutual coupling coefficient of a large-size antenna array such as a shortwave antenna array can be easily determined.

[0101] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array. The device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can be referred to each other.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A structural block diagram of a device for determining a mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device may include:

[0103] The measurement acquisition module 10 is used to acquire the measurement acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by the first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by the second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit both include a directional coupler and a filter; the number of two-channel measurement parameters is N 2 -N, each group of two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, n and m are positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n;

[0104] An S parameter determination module 20 is used to determine the S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters;

[0105] A coupling impedance determination module 30, used to determine a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to an S parameter matrix;

[0106] The coupling coefficient determination module 40 is used to determine the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array according to the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array by using the coupling coefficient matrix.

[0107] In some embodiments, the directional coupler is specifically a dual directional coupler, and the dual directional coupler includes a first end, a second end, a third end, and a fourth end. When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as an input end, the second end, the third end, and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler are used as a coupling end, an output end, and an isolation end in sequence; when the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as an input end, the fourth end, the first end, and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as a coupling end, an output end, and an isolation end in sequence;

[0108] When a set of two-channel measurement parameters is measured by using the first measurement circuit, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are connected to the signal source output end, the first input end of the oscilloscope, the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the matching load in sequence, the input / output end of the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the second input end of the oscilloscope through the filter of the first measurement circuit, and the input / output end of the antenna channel other than the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the matching load; the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are respectively the S parameter from the input / output end of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input end of the oscilloscope, the S parameter from the output end of the signal source to the second input end of the oscilloscope and the S parameter from the output end of the signal source to the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n;

[0109] When a group of single-channel measurement parameters are measured by the second measurement circuit, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are connected to the signal source output end, the first input end of the oscilloscope, the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the input end of the filter of the second measurement circuit in sequence, the output end of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input end of the oscilloscope, and the input / output end of the antenna channel other than the measurement input antenna channel n is connected to the matching load; the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S parameter from the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input end of the oscilloscope, the S parameter from the output end of the signal source to the second input end of the oscilloscope and the S parameter from the output end of the signal source to the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n.

[0110] In some embodiments, the measurement acquisition module 10 may include:

[0111] The control output submodule is used to control the output end of the signal source to output the prediction reference signal; wherein, , is the prediction reference signal at time t, is the test frequency, j is the imaginary unit, and T is the period of the prediction reference signal;

[0112] The measurement determination submodule is used to determine the input signal of one cycle inputted from the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the oscilloscope and the seventh S parameter. ,pass , determine the second S parameter or the fifth S parameter; wherein, is the input signal of the first input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the input signal of the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the S parameter from the output of the signal source to the first input of the oscilloscope, and conj(·) is used to obtain the conjugate of the signal.

[0113] In some embodiments, the S parameter determination module 20 may be specifically configured to use the measurement acquisition parameters to determine the and , determine the S parameter matrix; where the S parameter matrix is , , and They are the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter in each group of two-channel measurement parameters, respectively. , and They are respectively the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

[0114] In some embodiments, the coupling impedance determination module 30 may be specifically configured to utilize , determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S parameter matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Z s is the coupling impedance matrix.

[0115] In some embodiments, the coupling coefficient matrix is ​​a matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array.

[0116] In some embodiments, the coupling coefficient determination module 40 may be specifically configured to utilize , determine the coupling coefficient matrix; where, is the coupling coefficient matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Z A is the self-impedance, Z L is the load impedance.

[0117] In this embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention determines the coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix through the coupling impedance determination module 30, and adopts the impedance mutual coupling model, which can convert the measurement of the mutual coupling coefficient into the measurement of the S parameter of the multi-port network, avoid the influence of the multipath effect in the signal model, and ensure the accuracy of the determined mutual coupling coefficient; and enable the measurement process to be carried out directly in the antenna array, without relying on a darkroom, and without the need to disassemble and assemble the antenna array, so that the mutual coupling coefficient of a large-size antenna array such as a shortwave antenna array can be conveniently determined.

[0118] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array. The device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can be referred to each other.

[0119] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device may include:

[0120] A memory D1, for storing computer programs;

[0121] The processor D2 is used to implement the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of the antenna array provided in the above embodiment when executing the computer program.

[0122] Corresponding to the above method embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product. The computer program product described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can refer to each other.

[0123] A computer program product includes a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array as provided in the above embodiment.

[0124] Corresponding to the above method embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium described below and the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array described above can be referred to each other.

[0125] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array as provided in the above embodiment.

[0126] The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the devices, equipment, computer program products and computer-readable storage media disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part description.

[0127] The above is a detailed introduction to the mutual coupling coefficient determination method, device, equipment and computer program product of an antenna array provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, characterized in that: include: Acquire measurement acquisition parameters of the antenna array; wherein the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by the first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by the second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit both include a directional coupler and a filter; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N 2 -N, each group of the two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, n and m are positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of the single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of the single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n; Determining an S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters; Determining a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix; A coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array is determined according to the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate for transmission and / or reception of the antenna array by using the coupling coefficient matrix.

2. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The directional coupler is specifically a dual directional coupler, and the dual directional coupler includes a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end. When the first end of the dual directional coupler is used as an input end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler are used as a coupling end, an output end and an isolation end in sequence; when the third end of the dual directional coupler is used as an input end, the fourth end, the first end and the second end of the dual directional coupler are used as a coupling end, an output end and an isolation end in sequence; When the first measurement circuit is used to measure a group of the two-channel measurement parameters, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the first measurement circuit are connected to the signal source output end, the first input end of the oscilloscope, the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the matching load in sequence, the input / output end of the measurement response antenna channel m is connected to the second input end of the oscilloscope through the filter of the first measurement circuit, and the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the antenna channel other than the measurement response antenna channel m are connected to the matching load; the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m are the S parameters from the input / output end of the measurement response antenna channel m to the second input end of the oscilloscope, the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the second input end of the oscilloscope and the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n respectively; When the second measurement circuit is used to measure a group of the single-channel measurement parameters, the first end, the second end, the third end and the fourth end of the dual directional coupler of the second measurement circuit are connected to the signal source output end, the first input end of the oscilloscope, the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n and the input end of the filter of the second measurement circuit in sequence, the output end of the filter of the second measurement circuit is connected to the second input end of the oscilloscope, and the input / output end of the antenna channel other than the measurement input antenna channel n is connected to a matching load; the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n are respectively the S parameters from the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n to the second input end of the oscilloscope, the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the second input end of the oscilloscope and the S parameters from the output end of the signal source to the input / output end of the measurement input antenna channel n.

3. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The obtaining of the measurement acquisition parameters of the antenna array includes: Control the output terminal of the signal source to output a prediction reference signal; wherein, , is the prediction reference signal at time t, is the test frequency, j is an imaginary unit, and T is the period of the prediction reference signal; According to the input signal of the cycle inputted from the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the oscilloscope and the seventh S parameter ,pass , determine the second S parameter or the fifth S parameter; wherein, is the input signal of the first input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the input signal of the second input terminal of the oscilloscope, is the S parameter from the output end of the signal source to the first input end of the oscilloscope, and conj(·) is used to obtain the conjugate of the signal.

4. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of determining an S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement and acquisition parameters includes: According to the measurement acquisition parameters, using and , determine the S parameter matrix; wherein the S parameter matrix is , , and are respectively the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter in each group of the two-channel measurement parameters, , and They are respectively the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter in each group of single-channel measurement parameters.

5. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix includes: use , determine the coupling impedance matrix; where S is the S parameter matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Z s is the coupling impedance matrix.

6. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The coupling coefficient matrix is ​​a matrix of coupling coefficients corresponding to the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of each antenna channel in the antenna array.

7. The method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of determining a coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array according to the coupling impedance matrix comprises: use , determine the coupling coefficient matrix; where, is the coupling coefficient matrix, E N is the N-dimensional identity matrix, Z A is the self-impedance, Z L is the load impedance.

8. A device for determining mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, characterized in that: include: A measurement acquisition module is used to acquire measurement acquisition parameters of an antenna array; wherein the measurement acquisition parameters include two-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by a first measurement circuit and single-channel measurement parameters measured and acquired by a second measurement circuit; the antenna array includes N antenna channels, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the first measurement circuit and the second measurement circuit both include a directional coupler and a filter; the number of the two-channel measurement parameters is N 2 -N, each group of the two-channel measurement parameters includes the first S parameter, the second S parameter and the third S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n and the measurement response antenna channel m, n and m are positive integers greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and n is not equal to m; the number of the single-channel measurement parameters is N, and each group of the single-channel measurement parameters includes the fourth S parameter, the fifth S parameter and the sixth S parameter corresponding to the measurement input antenna channel n; An S parameter determination module, used to determine the S parameter matrix of the antenna array according to the measurement acquisition parameters; A coupling impedance determination module, used to determine a coupling impedance matrix of the antenna array according to the S parameter matrix; The coupling coefficient determination module is used to determine the coupling coefficient matrix of the antenna array according to the coupling impedance matrix, so as to compensate the transmission and / or reception of the antenna array by using the coupling coefficient matrix.

9. A device for determining mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array, characterized in that: include: Memory for storing computer programs; A processor, configured to implement the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of an antenna array as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that When the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for determining the mutual coupling coefficient of the antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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