A crushing device and self-cleaning method for aluminum ash recycling

Abstract

This invention provides a crushing device and self-cleaning method for aluminum ash recycling, relating to the field of aluminum ash recycling technology. The crushing device includes a housing, a rotor rotatably disposed within the housing, hammers mounted on the rotor, and a grate screen disposed below the hammers' rotation path within the housing. The device includes a bracket, multiple grate bars mounted on the bracket, and multiple spacers positioned between adjacent grate bars. The side walls of the grate bars have slots for accommodating the ends of the spacers. Upper and lower chambers are located within the slots surrounding the ends of the spacers. Upper and lower pipelines, communicating with the upper and lower chambers, are located within the grate bars and are connected to different pressure control systems, which control the entry and exit of liquid media into and out of the pipelines and the pressure of the liquid media. The self-cleaning method includes: the liquid media circulating in the upper and lower pipelines heating the grate screen; the expansion and contraction of the upper and lower chambers causing the spacers to jump; and the expansion of the upper and lower chambers fixing the spacers. This invention can automatically heat the screen to dry materials clogging or adhering to it, shaking off the material to achieve self-cleaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum ash recycling technology, specifically to a crushing device and self-cleaning method for aluminum ash recycling. Background Technology

[0002] Activated alumina, also known as activated bauxite, is a porous, highly dispersed solid material with a large surface area. Its microporous surface possesses the characteristics required for catalysis, such as adsorption performance, surface activity, and excellent thermal stability. Therefore, it is widely used as a catalyst and catalyst support for chemical reactions.

[0003] Metallic aluminum is highly susceptible to oxidation. During the electrolytic aluminum production process, molten aluminum reacts with oxygen in the furnace to produce a large amount of aluminum ash. The main substances contained in aluminum ash include aluminum oxide, metallic aluminum, carbides, nitrides, salts and other metal oxides. Aluminum ash recycling can achieve resource recycling, environmental protection and economic benefits. The metallic aluminum recovered from aluminum ash can be used to produce activated alumina.

[0004] In existing technologies, aluminum ash needs to be crushed and dispersed after recycling. The screens of current crushers are prone to clogging due to reasons such as damp material or a large number of fine particles. The screens need to be dried and cleaned regularly to ensure the normal operation of the crusher. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to develop a crushing device and self-cleaning method for aluminum ash recycling that can heat the screen itself to dry the material that is blocked or attached to the screen and shake off the material to achieve self-cleaning.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A crushing device for aluminum ash recycling includes:

[0008] The box body has a feed inlet at the top;

[0009] The rotor is rotatably mounted inside the housing.

[0010] Hammerhead, mounted on the rotor;

[0011] The striking plate is located in a box on the side of the hammer's rotation path;

[0012] A bar screen, located in a housing below the rotation path of the hammer, includes:

[0013] Bracket, connected to the box body;

[0014] Multiple comb bars are mounted on a bracket;

[0015] Multiple spacers are provided between two adjacent comb bars;

[0016] The screening plate is located in the box below the bar screen;

[0017] The sidewall of the grate bar is provided with a slot to accommodate the end of the spacer bar. The slot around the end of the spacer bar is provided with an upper bladder and a lower bladder. The grate bar is provided with an upper pipe communicating with the upper bladder and a lower pipe communicating with the lower bladder.

[0018] The upper and lower pipelines are respectively connected to different pressure control systems. The pressure control systems control the entry and exit of the liquid medium into and out of the upper and lower pipelines, as well as the pressure of the liquid medium in the upper and lower pipelines. The pressure control system includes a heater controlled by an automatic temperature control system for heating the liquid medium.

[0019] Optionally, multiple grate bars are arranged parallel to each other at equal intervals on the bracket, and the spacers are arranged perpendicular to the grate bars, with multiple spacers arranged at equal intervals on the grate bars.

[0020] Optionally, the spacer is cylindrical, the slot is cylindrical with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the spacer, the upper and lower capsules are both cylindrical with a depth matching the depth of the slot and a semi-circular cross-section, and the inner diameter of the upper and lower capsules matches the outer diameter of the spacer and the outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the slot.

[0021] Optionally, the distance between the inner end faces of the slots on both sides of the spacer is greater than the length of the spacer, and a pull rope is connected to the center of both ends of the spacer. The other end of the pull rope is connected to the center of the inner end face of the slot. The sum of the lengths of the two pull ropes and the spacer is greater than the distance between the inner end faces of the two slots.

[0022] Optionally, a heating wire is arranged inside the spacer, and the wire passes through the interior of the grate and the pull rope to enter the spacer and is electrically connected to the heating wire.

[0023] Optionally, the pressure control system includes a liquid medium container, which is connected to the corresponding upper or lower pipeline via an inlet pipe and a return pipe, respectively. The inlet pipe is equipped with a pressurizing pump and a first solenoid valve in sequence according to the direction of liquid medium flow. The return pipe is equipped with a second solenoid valve and a reflux pump in sequence according to the direction of liquid medium flow. The return pipe is also equipped with a filter. The heater is located in the liquid medium container.

[0024] Optionally, there is a gap between the edge of the screening plate and the inner wall of the box, an elastic diaphragm is provided between the edge of the screening plate and the inner wall of the box, multiple support plates are provided on the side of the box at the bottom of the edge of the screening plate, springs are provided on the support plates and connected to the bottom edge of the screening plate, and a vibration motor is also provided at the bottom of the edge of the screening plate.

[0025] Optionally, the screening plate is inclined, and a discharge port is provided on the box at the lower end of the screening plate. A first material basket is placed on the side of the discharge port, and a second material basket is placed in the box below the screening plate. An inclined guide plate is provided in the box between the screening plate and the grate screen. A discharge port is provided at the lower end of the guide plate, and the discharge port is located above the higher end of the screening plate.

[0026] Optionally, the striking plate is inclined, with its bottom end close to the rotor and its top end away from the rotor. The grate screen is arc-shaped to match the rotation trajectory of the hammer head, and one end of the grate screen is connected to the bottom end of the striking plate.

[0027] A self-cleaning method for a crushing device for aluminum ash recycling includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. The heater heats the liquid medium, and the pressure control system makes the liquid medium circulate in the upper and lower pipes to heat the grate bars. The entire grate screen is heated to dry the material that is blocked or attached to the grate screen.

[0029] S2. When the heater stops heating, the pressure control system controls the inlet and outlet of the liquid medium in the upper and lower pipes and the pressure, so that the upper bladder expands or contracts and the lower bladder contracts or expands, so that the partition bar jumps continuously in the slot, shaking off the dried material on the grate screen, thus achieving automatic cleaning.

[0030] S3. The pressure control system pumps liquid medium into the upper and lower pipelines and maintains pressure. The upper and lower bladders expand and come into close contact with the spacers. The spacers are fixed and the grate screen can work normally.

[0031] In step S2, the jumping of the spacer includes resetting and jumping. Resetting makes the spacer position at the bottom of the slot, and jumping makes the spacer bounce up.

[0032] When the spacer is reset, the liquid medium in the lower bladder is evacuated and enters the upper bladder. At this time, the lower bladder is deflated and the upper bladder expands and pushes the end of the spacer into the lower part of the slot.

[0033] When the spacer starts to jump, the liquid medium in the upper bladder is emptied and quickly enters the lower bladder. The upper bladder shrunkens and the lower bladder expands rapidly, causing the end of the spacer to bounce up.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0035] The spacers of the grate screen of the present invention are fixed by an upper bladder and a lower bladder filled with liquid medium. When the grate screen screens materials and when it collides with materials thrown by the hammer, the spacers can make slight elastic movements inside the upper and lower bladders to buffer the impact of the materials and protect them to a certain extent.

[0036] When the grate screen becomes clogged after working for a period of time and needs self-cleaning, the heating wire heats the bar separators. The heated liquid medium circulates through the upper and lower pipes to heat the grate bars. The heated grate screen dries the attached material. The pressure control system of the upper and lower pipes controls the liquid medium in the upper and lower chambers, causing the bar separators to jump and shake off the attached material, thus achieving self-cleaning. This significantly reduces the frequency of grate screen removal and increases the working time of the crusher. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the grate sieve structure.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slot structure;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure control system.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1. Box body; 2. Feed inlet; 3. Impact plate; 4. Rotor; 5. Hammer; 6. Bracket; 7. Grate bar; 8. Guide plate; 9. Screening plate; 10. Support plate; 11. Spring; 12. Second basket; 13. Elastic diaphragm; 14. First basket; 15. Spacer bar; 16. Slot; 17. Pull rope; 18. Upper pipeline; 19. Upper bladder; 20. Lower bladder; 21. Lower pipeline; 22. Liquid medium container; 23. Inlet pipe; 24. Pressure pump; 25. First solenoid valve; 26. Second solenoid valve; 27. Return pump; 28. Return pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0043] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention discloses a crushing device for aluminum ash recycling, including a box body 1, a cylindrical rotor 4 with a horizontal rotating shaft rotatably disposed inside the box body 1, a plurality of hammers 5 evenly disposed on the outer wall of the rotor 4, and a drive source correspondingly disposed on the side of the box body 1 to drive the rotor 4 to rotate.

[0047] A striking plate 3 is provided in the box 1 on the side of the rotating trajectory of the hammer 5. The striking plate 3 is inclined, with its bottom end close to the rotor 4 and its top end away from the rotor 4. A feed inlet 2 is provided on the top of the box 1 above the striking plate 3.

[0048] A grate sieve is located below the rotating trajectory of the hammer head 5. The grate sieve is connected to the housing 1 and is arc-shaped to match the rotating trajectory of the hammer head 5. One end of the grate sieve is connected to the bottom end of the striking plate 3. The grate sieve includes a bracket 6 connected to the housing 1. Multiple parallel and equally spaced grate bars 7 are arranged on the bracket 6. The bracket 6 is a frame structure, and the ends of the multiple grate bars 7 are fixed to the bracket 6. Multiple cylindrical spacers 15 are provided between adjacent grate bars 7. The spacers 15 are perpendicular to the grate bars 7 and are equally spaced on the grate bars 7.

[0049] The side wall of the grate bar 7 is provided with a cylindrical slot 16 for accommodating the spacer bar 15. The inner diameter of the slot 16 is larger than the outer diameter of the spacer bar 15, and the distance between the inner end faces of the slot 16 on both sides of the spacer bar 15 is greater than the length of the spacer bar 15. That is, the two ends of the spacer bar 15 can slide axially within the slot 16.

[0050] Pull ropes 17 are connected to the center of both ends of the spacer 15. The other end of the pull ropes 17 is connected to the center of the inner end face of the slot 16. The sum of the lengths of the two pull ropes 17 and the spacer 15 is greater than the distance between the inner end faces of the two slots 16. That is, the pull ropes 17 will not hinder the axial sliding of the spacer 15 in the slot 16. The main purpose of the pull ropes 17 is to prevent the spacer 15 from falling out of the slot 16. An electric heating wire is arranged inside the spacer 15. The wire passes through the inside of the grate 7 and the pull ropes 17 and enters the spacer 15 to be electrically connected to the electric heating wire.

[0051] The slot 16 contains an upper bladder 19 and a lower bladder 20. The upper bladder 19 and lower bladder 20 are identical in shape and possess a certain degree of elasticity. Both are cylindrical with a depth matching the depth of the slot 16 and a semi-circular cross-section. Their inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the spacer 15, and their outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the slot 16. The elastic modulus of the inner surfaces of the upper bladder 19 and lower bladder 20, i.e., the surfaces in contact with the spacer 15, is smaller than that of other parts. This results in greater expansion of the inner surfaces of the upper bladder 19 and lower bladder 20 when the internal pressure reaches a certain level. The upper bladder 19 and lower bladder 20 are connected to the inner end face of the slot 16 and are symmetrically arranged vertically within the slot 16. The grate 7 contains an upper conduit 18 and a lower conduit 21. The upper conduit 18 connects to all the upper bladders 19 within the slots 16 of the grate 7, and the lower conduit 21 connects to all the lower bladders 20 within the slots 16 of the grate 7.

[0052] The upper pipeline 18 and the lower pipeline 21 are connected to different pressure control systems. Each pressure control system includes a liquid medium container 22, which is connected to either the upper pipeline 18 or the lower pipeline 21 via an inlet pipe 23 and a return pipe 28, respectively. The liquid medium enters the upper pipeline 18 or the lower pipeline 21 through the inlet pipe 23 and flows back to the liquid medium container 22 through the return pipe 28. The inlet pipe 23 is equipped with a pressurizing pump 24 and a first solenoid valve 25 in sequence according to the flow direction of the liquid medium. The return pipe 28 is equipped with a second solenoid valve 26 and a return pump 27 in sequence according to the flow direction of the liquid medium. A filter is also installed on the return pipe 28. The liquid medium container 22 contains a heater controlled by an automatic temperature control system, which heats the liquid medium.

[0053] The lower part of the box 1 of the grate screen is provided with a guide plate 8, which is inclined and has a discharge port at the lower end.

[0054] A screening plate 9 is provided in the box 1 below the guide plate 8. The screening plate 9 is covered with a number of screen holes and is inclined. The higher end of the screening plate 9 is below the discharge port of the guide plate 8. A discharge port is opened on the box 1 at the lower end of the screening plate 9. A first material basket 14 is placed on the side of the discharge port. A second material basket 12 is placed in the box 1 below the screening plate 9. There is a gap between the edge of the screening plate 9 and the inner wall of the box 1. An elastic diaphragm 13 is provided between the edge of the screening plate 9 and the inner wall of the box 1 to seal the gap between the screening plate 9 and the box 1.

[0055] Multiple support plates 10 are provided on the side of the box 1 at the bottom edge of the screening plate 9. Springs 11 connected to the bottom edge of the screening plate 9 are provided on the support plates 10. A vibration motor is also provided at the bottom edge of the screening plate 9. The vibration motor causes the screening plate 9 to vibrate.

[0056] Material enters the housing 1 through the feed inlet 2. The rotor 4 rotates clockwise, driving the hammers 5 to rotate. The hammers 5, in conjunction with the impact plate 3 and the grate screen, impact and crush the material. The crushed material passes through the grate screen and falls onto the guide plate 8. The material slides on the guide plate 8 and falls from the discharge port to the higher end of the screening plate 9. The vibrating motor runs, causing the screening plate 9 to vibrate. The material slides along the screening plate 9 to its lower end. During this process, small-diameter material passes through the screening plate 9 and enters the second basket 12, while large-diameter material enters the first basket 14 from the lower end of the screening plate 9. Small-diameter material continues to be crushed and screened, while large-diameter material contains metallic aluminum, which is then further processed to recover the metallic aluminum.

[0057] The present invention also discloses a self-cleaning method for the above-mentioned crushing device for aluminum ash recycling, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1. The heating wire heats up the spacer 15, the heater in the liquid medium container 22 heats the liquid medium, the first solenoid valve 25 and the second solenoid valve 26 open, the pressure pump 24 and the return pump 27 operate to make the liquid medium circulate in the upper pipeline 18 and the lower pipeline 21 to heat the grate bar 7, the entire grate screen is heated to dry the material that is blocked or attached to the grate screen.

[0059] S2. When the heating wire and heater stop heating, the pressure control system controls the inlet, outlet and pressure of the liquid medium in the upper pipe 18 and the lower pipe 21 to make the upper bladder 19 expand or contract and the lower bladder 20 contract or expand, so that the partition bar 15 jumps continuously in the slot 16, thereby shaking off the dried material on the grate screen and realizing automatic cleaning.

[0060] S3. The second solenoid valve 26 is closed, the first solenoid valve 25 is opened, the pressurizing pump 24 pumps liquid medium into the upper pipeline 18 or the lower pipeline 21 and pressurizes it. After the first solenoid valve 25 is closed, the pressurizing pump 24 stops running. A certain pressure is maintained in the upper pipeline 18, the lower pipeline 21 and the corresponding multiple upper bladders 19 and lower bladders 20. The upper bladders 19 and lower bladders 20 expand and come into close contact with the spacer 15. The spacer 15 is fixed and the grate screen can work normally.

[0061] In step S2, the jumping of the spacer 15 includes resetting and jumping. Resetting makes the spacer 15 located at the lower part of the slot 16, and jumping makes the spacer 15 bounce up.

[0062] When the spacer 15 is reset, in the pressure control system of the lower pipeline 21, the first solenoid valve 25 is closed, the second solenoid valve 26 is opened, and the return pump 27 empties the liquid medium in the lower pipeline 21 and the lower bladder 20. In the pressure control system of the upper pipeline 18, the first solenoid valve 25 is opened, the second solenoid valve 26 is closed, and the pressurizing pump 24 operates to pump the liquid medium into the upper pipeline 18 and the upper bladder 19. At this time, the lower bladder 20 is deflated, the upper bladder 19 expands, and pushes the end of the spacer 15 into the lower part of the slot 16.

[0063] When the spacer 15 jumps, in the pressure control system of the upper pipeline 18, the first solenoid valve 25 is closed, the second solenoid valve 26 is opened, and the return pump 27 is running, evacuating the liquid medium in the upper pipeline 18 and the upper bladder 19. In the pressure control system of the lower pipeline 21, the second solenoid valve 26 is closed, the first solenoid valve 25 is opened, and the pressurizing pump 24 runs at high speed to quickly pump the liquid medium into and fill the lower pipeline 21 and the lower bladder 20. The lower bladder 20 expands rapidly, pushing the end of the spacer 15 above the slot 16, thus realizing the jumping of the spacer 15.

[0064] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Any technical solution that can be implemented based on the above embodiments without creative effort should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crushing device for aluminum ash recycling, characterized in that, include: The box body has a feed inlet at the top; The rotor is rotatably mounted inside the housing. Hammerhead, mounted on the rotor; The striking plate is located in a box on the side of the hammer's rotation path; A bar screen, located in a housing below the rotation path of the hammer, includes: Bracket, connected to the box body; Multiple comb bars are mounted on a bracket; Multiple spacers are provided between two adjacent comb bars; The screening plate is located in the box below the bar screen; The sidewall of the grate bar is provided with a slot to accommodate the end of the spacer bar. The slot around the end of the spacer bar is provided with an upper bladder and a lower bladder. The grate bar is provided with an upper pipe communicating with the upper bladder and a lower pipe communicating with the lower bladder. The upper and lower pipelines are respectively connected to different pressure control systems. The pressure control systems control the entry and exit of the liquid medium into and out of the upper and lower pipelines, as well as the pressure of the liquid medium in the upper and lower pipelines. The pressure control system includes a heater controlled by an automatic temperature control system for heating the liquid medium.

2. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple grate bars are arranged parallel to each other at equal intervals on the bracket, and the spacers are arranged perpendicular to the grate bars. Multiple spacers are arranged at equal intervals on the grate bars.

3. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spacer is cylindrical, the slot is cylindrical with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the spacer, the upper and lower capsules are both cylindrical with a depth that matches the depth of the slot and a semi-circular cross-section, the inner diameter of the upper and lower capsules matches the outer diameter of the spacer and the outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the slot.

4. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the inner end faces of the slots on both sides of the spacer is greater than the length of the spacer. A pull rope is connected to the center of each end of the spacer. The other end of the pull rope is connected to the center of the inner end face of the slot. The sum of the lengths of the two pull ropes and the spacer is greater than the distance between the inner end faces of the two slots.

5. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 4, characterized in that, Heating wires are arranged inside the partition bar. The wires pass through the inside of the grate bar and the pull rope and enter the partition bar to be electrically connected to the heating wires.

6. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure control system includes a liquid medium container, which is connected to the corresponding upper or lower pipeline via an inlet pipe and a return pipe, respectively. The inlet pipe is equipped with a pressurizing pump and a first solenoid valve in sequence according to the direction of liquid medium flow. The return pipe is equipped with a second solenoid valve and a reflux pump in sequence according to the direction of liquid medium flow. The return pipe is also equipped with a filter. The heater is located in the liquid medium container.

7. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a gap between the edge of the screening plate and the inner wall of the box. An elastic diaphragm is provided between the edge of the screening plate and the inner wall of the box. Multiple support plates are provided on the side of the box at the bottom of the edge of the screening plate. Springs connected to the bottom edge of the screening plate are provided on the support plates. A vibration motor is also provided at the bottom of the edge of the screening plate.

8. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The screening plate is inclined, and a discharge port is opened on the box at the lower end of the screening plate. A first material basket is placed on the side of the discharge port, and a second material basket is placed in the box below the screening plate. An inclined guide plate is provided in the box between the screening plate and the grate screen. A discharge port is provided at the lower end of the guide plate and is located above the higher end of the screening plate.

9. The crushing device for aluminum ash recycling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The striking plate is inclined, with its bottom end close to the rotor and its top end away from the rotor. The grate screen is arc-shaped to match the rotation trajectory of the hammer head, and one end of the grate screen is connected to the bottom end of the striking plate.

10. A self-cleaning method for a crushing device for aluminum ash recycling as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The heater heats the liquid medium, and the pressure control system makes the liquid medium circulate in the upper and lower pipes to heat the grate bars. The entire grate screen is heated to dry the material that is blocked or attached to the grate screen. S2. When the heater stops heating, the pressure control system controls the inlet and outlet of the liquid medium in the upper and lower pipes and the pressure, so that the upper bladder expands or contracts and the lower bladder contracts or expands, so that the partition bar jumps continuously in the slot, shaking off the dried material on the grate screen, thus achieving automatic cleaning. S3. The pressure control system pumps liquid medium into the upper and lower pipelines and maintains pressure. The upper and lower bladders expand and come into close contact with the spacers. The spacers are fixed and the grate screen can work normally. In step S2, the jumping of the spacer includes resetting and jumping. Resetting makes the spacer position at the bottom of the slot, and jumping makes the spacer bounce up. When the spacer is reset, the liquid medium in the lower bladder is evacuated and enters the upper bladder. At this time, the lower bladder is deflated and the upper bladder expands and pushes the end of the spacer into the lower part of the slot. When the spacer starts to jump, the liquid medium in the upper bladder is emptied and quickly enters the lower bladder. The upper bladder shrunkens and the lower bladder expands rapidly, causing the end of the spacer to bounce up.

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